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Umfang: 1 online resource (192 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9783319785035

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Objectives -- Organisation of Book Chapters -- Intended Readers -- Limitations -- Book Project During Sabbatical Stay in Sydney -- Aims -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Early Work and Review Articles -- 2 The History of the Patient Record and the Paper Record -- 2.1 The Egyptians and the Greeks -- 2.2 The Arabs -- 2.3 The Swedes -- 2.4 The Paper Based Patient Record -- 2.5 Greek and Latin Used in the Patient Record -- 2.6 Summary of the History of the Patient Record and the Paper Record -- 3 User Needs: Clinicians, Clinical Researchers and Hospital Management -- 3.1 Reading and Retrieving Efficiency of Patient Records -- 3.2 Natural Language Processing on Clinical Text -- 3.3 Electronic Patient Record System -- 3.4 Different User Groups -- 3.5 Summary -- 4 Characteristics of Patient Records and Clinical Corpora -- 4.1 Patient Records -- 4.2 Pathology Reports -- 4.3 Spelling Errors in Clinical Text -- 4.4 Abbreviations -- 4.5 Acronyms -- 4.6 Assertions -- 4.6.1 Negations -- 4.6.2 Speculation and Factuality -- Levels of Certainty -- Negation and Speculations in Other Languages, Such as Chinese -- 4.7 Clinical Corpora Available -- 4.7.1 English Clinical Corpora Available -- 4.7.2 Swedish Clinical Corpora -- 4.7.3 Clinical Corpora in Other Languages than Swedish -- 4.8 Summary -- 5 Medical Classifications and Terminologies -- 5.1 International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) -- 5.1.1 International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O-3) -- 5.2 Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine: Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) -- 5.3 Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) -- 5.4 Unified Medical Language Systems (UMLS) -- 5.5 Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) -- 5.6 Different Standards for Interoperability -- 5.6.1 Health Level 7 (HL7). , Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) -- 5.6.2 OpenEHR -- 5.6.3 Mapping and Expanding Terminologies -- 5.7 Summary of Medical Classifications and Terminologies -- 6 Evaluation Metrics and Evaluation -- 6.1 Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation -- 6.2 The Cranfield Paradigm -- 6.3 Metrics -- 6.4 Annotation -- 6.5 Inter-Annotator Agreement (IAA) -- 6.6 Confidence and Statistical Significance Testing -- 6.7 Annotation Tools -- 6.8 Gold Standard -- 6.9 Summary of Evaluation Metrics and Annotation -- 7 Basic Building Blocks for Clinical Text Processing -- 7.1 Definitions -- 7.2 Segmentation and Tokenisation -- 7.3 Morphological Processing -- 7.3.1 Lemmatisation -- 7.3.2 Stemming -- 7.3.3 Compound Splitting (Decompounding) -- 7.3.4 Abbreviation Detection and Expansion -- A Machine Learning Approach for Abbreviation Detection -- 7.3.5 Spell Checking and Spelling Error Correction -- Spell Checking of Clinical Text -- Open Source Spell Checkers -- Search Engines and Spell Checking -- 7.3.6 Part-of-Speech Tagging (POS Tagging) -- 7.4 Syntactical Analysis -- 7.4.1 Shallow Parsing (Chunking) -- 7.4.2 Grammar Tools -- 7.5 Semantic Analysis and Concept Extraction -- 7.5.1 Named Entity Recognition -- Machine Learning for Named Entity Recognition -- 7.5.2 Negation Detection -- Negation Detection Systems -- Negation Trigger Lists -- NegEx for Swedish -- NegEx for French, Spanish and German -- Machine Learning Approaches for Negation Detection -- 7.5.3 Factuality Detection -- 7.5.4 Relative Processing (Family History) -- 7.5.5 Temporal Processing -- TimeML and TIMEX3 -- HeidelTime -- i2b2 Temporal Relations Challenge -- Temporal Processing for Swedish Clinical Text -- Temporal Processing for French Clinical Text -- Temporal Processing for Portuguese Clinical Text -- 7.5.6 Relation Extraction -- 2010 i2b2/VA Challenge Relation Classification Task. , Other Approaches for Relation Extraction -- 7.5.7 Anaphora Resolution -- i2b2 Challenge in Coreference Resolution for Electronic Medical Records -- 7.6 Summary of Basic Building Blocks for Clinical Text Processing -- 8 Computational Methods for Text Analysis and Text Classification -- 8.1 Rule-Based Methods -- 8.1.1 Regular Expressions -- 8.2 Machine Learning-Based Methods -- 8.2.1 Features and Feature Selection -- Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency, tf-idf -- Vector Space Model -- 8.2.2 Active Learning -- 8.2.3 Pre-Annotation with Revision or Machine Assisted Annotation -- 8.2.4 Clustering -- 8.2.5 Topic Modelling -- 8.2.6 Distributional Semantics -- 8.2.7 Association Rules -- 8.3 Explaining and Understanding the Results Produced -- 8.4 Computational Linguistic Modules for Clinical Text Processing -- 8.5 NLP Tools: UIMA, GATE, NLTK etc -- 8.6 Summary of Computational Methods for Text Analysis and Text Classification -- 9 Ethics and Privacy of Patient Records for Clinical Text Mining Research -- 9.1 Ethical Permission -- 9.2 Social Security Number -- 9.3 Safe Storage -- 9.4 Automatic De-Identification of Patient Records -- 9.4.1 Density of PHI in Electronic Patient Record Text -- 9.4.2 Pseudonymisation of Electronic Patient Records -- 9.4.3 Re-Identification and Privacy -- Black Box Approach -- 9.5 Summary of Ethics and Privacy of Patient Records for Clinical Text Mining Research -- 10 Applications of Clinical Text Mining -- 10.1 Detection and Prediction of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) -- 10.1.1 Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) -- 10.1.2 Detecting and Predicting HAI -- 10.1.3 Commercial HAI Surveillance Systems and Systems in Practical Use -- 10.2 Detection of Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) -- 10.2.1 Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) -- 10.2.2 Resources for Adverse Drug Event Detection -- 10.2.3 Passive Surveillance of ADEs. , 10.2.4 Active Surveillance of ADEs -- 10.2.5 Approaches for ADE Detection -- An Approach for Swedish Clinical Text -- An Approach for Spanish Clinical Text -- A Joint Approach for Spanish and Swedish Clinical Text -- 10.3 Suicide Prevention by Mining Electronic Patient Records -- 10.4 Mining Pathology Reports for Diagnostic Tests -- 10.4.1 The Case of the Cancer Registry of Norway -- 10.4.2 The Medical Text Extraction (Medtex) System -- 10.5 Mining for Cancer Symptoms -- 10.6 Text Summarisation and Translation of Patient Record -- 10.6.1 Summarising the Patient Record -- 10.6.2 Other Approaches in Summarising the Patient Record -- 10.6.3 Summarising Medical Scientific Text -- 10.6.4 Simplification of the Patient Record for Laypeople -- 10.7 ICD-10 Diagnosis Code Assignment and Validation -- 10.7.1 Natural Language Generation from SNOMED CT -- 10.8 Search Cohort Selection and Similar Patient Cases -- 10.8.1 Comorbidities -- 10.8.2 Information Retrieval from Electronic Patient Records -- 10.8.3 Search Engine Solr -- 10.8.4 Supporting the Clinician in an Emergency Department with the Radiology Report -- 10.8.5 Incident Reporting -- 10.8.6 Hypothesis Generation -- 10.8.7 Practical Use of SNOMED CT -- 10.8.8 ICD-10 and SNOMED CT Code Mapping -- 10.8.9 Analysing the Patient's Speech -- 10.8.10 MYCIN and Clinical Decision Support -- 10.8.11 IBM Watson Health -- 10.9 Summary of Applications of Clinical Text Mining -- 11 Networks and Shared Tasks in Clinical Text Mining -- 11.1 Conferences, Workshops and Journals -- 11.2 Summary of Networks and Shared Tasks in Clinical Text Mining -- 12 Conclusions and Outlook -- 12.1 Outcomes -- References -- Index.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Dalianis, Hercules Clinical Text Mining Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2018 ISBN 9783319785028

Sprache: Englisch

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Umfang: 187 S.

Sprache: Englisch

Fachgebiete: Skandinavistik

Schlagwort(e): Schwedisch ; Morphologie

Mehr zum Autor: Kiefer, Ferenc 1931-2020

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Umfang: Online-Ressource

ISSN: 2001-2241

Anmerkung: Gesehen am 19.11.13 , Ersch. 3x jährl.

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift

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Umfang: Online-Ressource

ISSN: 2001-2241

Anmerkung: Gesehen am 19.11.13 , Ersch. 3x jährl.

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift

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URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2742814-X

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (349 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

Serie: Natural Language Processing ; vol. 14

Inhalt: "Large computational lexicons are central NLP resources. Swedish FrameNet++ aims to be a versatile full-scale lexical resource for NLP containing many kinds of linguistic information. Although focused on Swedish, this ongoing effort, which includes building a new Swedish framenet and recycling existing lexicons, has offered valuable insights into general aspects of lexical-resource building for NLP, which are discussed in this book: computational and linguistic problems of lexical semantics and lexical typology, the nature of lexical items (words and multiword expressions), achieving interoperability among heterogeneous lexical content, NLP methods for extending and interlinking existing lexicons, and deploying the new resource in practical NLP applications. This book is targeted at everyone with an interest in lexicography, computational lexicography, lexical typology, lexical semantics, linguistics, computational linguistics and related fields. We believe it should be of particular interest to those who are or have been involved in language resource creation, development and evaluation"--

Anmerkung: Intro -- The Swedish FrameNet++ -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- Acronyms -- Abbreviations -- Preface -- References -- Part I. Introduction and background -- Chapter 1. Introduction: Swedish FrameNet++ -- 1. The Swedish FrameNet++ -- 2. Rationale and aims of SweFN++ -- 2.1 From corpus-based lexicography to language technology R& -- D -- 2.2 Extending the shelf life of lexical resources -- 2.3 The increasing importance of the lexicon in language technology -- 2.4 A framenet for Swedish -- 2.5 Serendipitous funding and synergies -- 3. The history of Swedish FrameNet++ -- 4. Integration of existing resources -- 5. A new resource: Swedish FrameNet -- 6. Theoretical and methodological considerations -- 6.1 Interlinking of lexical resources -- 6.2 Method matters -- 6.2.1 Zipf to the rescue -- 6.2.2 Towards a general lexical infrastructure: Karp -- 6.3 Linguistic issues -- 6.3.1 Lexicography and (comparative) linguistics -- 6.3.2 Compounds in Swedish FrameNet -- 6.3.3 Multiword expressions -- 6.4 Computational vs. general linguistics -- 7. Similar initiatives -- 7.1 Multilingual wordnets -- 7.2 MTRoget and multilingual FrameNet -- 7.3 Etymological wordnet, IDS/LWT and the concepticon -- 7.4 BabelNet -- Postscript on BabelNet 5 -- 8. Status and future -- 9. This volume -- Funding -- References -- Appendix A. Swedish FrameNet++ - publications -- Chapter 2. Swedish FrameNet -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Berkeley FrameNet -- 1.2 International framenets -- 2. Framenet development methodologies -- 2.1 The extension approach -- 2.2 Merging approach -- 2.3 Modified and new frames -- 3. Language resources and tools for building SweFN -- 4. The SweFN database -- 4.1 Database fields -- 4.2 Annotation and encoding of the data -- 4.3 Consistency checks and evaluation -- 5. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- Funding. , References -- Part II. Harmonization and integration -- Chapter 3. Swedish FrameNet++ - lexical samsara -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Saldo: The heart of Swedish FrameNet++ -- 2.1 Saldo in a nutshell -- 2.2 The origin of Saldo -- 2.3 The semantic structure of Saldo -- 2.4 Morphological information in Saldo -- 3. Persistent identifiers: The glue of Swedish FrameNet++ -- 4. Branching out: Lexical semantics galore -- 4.1 The Swesaurus component of Swedish FrameNet++ -- 4.2 Towards a thesaurus component of Swedish FrameNet++ -- 5. Looking forward: New directions up ahead -- Acknowledgements -- Funding -- References -- Chapter 4. A lexical resource for computational historical linguistics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A brief overview of Swedish language stages -- 3. Diachronical lexical resources -- 3.1 Adding diachronical lexicons to SweFN++ -- 3.2 A lexical resource for Late Modern Swedish -- 3.3 A lexical resource for Early Modern Swedish -- 3.4 A lexical resource for Old Swedish -- 4. Diapivot -- 4.1 Methods of automatically linking lexical resources -- 4.2 An application: Studying lexical change and grammaticalization -- 5. Spelling variation and linking texts to lexicons -- 5.1 A noisy channel approach to lemmatization -- 5.2 Training a model on dictionary data -- 5.3 Evaluation -- 5.4 An application: FSvReader -- 6. Conclusions -- Funding -- References -- Appendix A. Definition of the lemmatization model -- Chapter 5. A multilingual net of lexical resources -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synonyms and their translations -- 3. Lexical resources and their inter-lingual relations -- 3.1 Danish -- 3.2 Estonian -- 3.3 Finnish -- 3.4 Norwegian -- 3.5 Swedish -- 3.6 Multi-lingual visualization using WordTies -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 6. Swedish FrameNet++ and comparative linguistics -- 1. The multilingual aspects of Swedish FrameNet++. , 2. Core vocabularies for comparative linguistic studies -- 2.1 Basic vocabularies in linguistics -- 2.2 The composition and size of core vocabularies -- 3. Two lexical databases for investigation of South Asian linguistic diversity and unity -- 3.1 Linguistic diversity in South Asia -- 3.2 Grierson's comparative vocabulary in Swedish FrameNet++ -- 3.3 The Intercontinental Dictionary Series as a comparative linguistic research tool -- 3.3 The Intercontinental Dictionary Series as a comparative linguistic research tool -- 4. Conclusion and future prospects -- Acknowledgements -- Funding -- References -- Part III. Method development -- Chapter 7. NLP for resource building -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Frame semantics and frame-semantic lexicons -- 2. Computational representation of the meaning of words -- 2.1 The semantic network Saldo -- 2.2 Semantic representations induced from corpora -- 3. From word meaning to frame meaning -- 3.1 Methods based on distance and similarity measures -- 3.2 Classification-based methods -- 4. Quantitative evaluation -- 4.1 Evaluation metrics -- 4.2 Which way is the best to make use of the Saldo lexicon? -- 4.3 Which corpus-based semantic representations are most effective? -- 4.4 Combining lexicon-based and corpus-based classifiers -- 4.5 For which frames are our methods successful? -- 4.6 Use by lexicographers -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Funding -- References -- Chapter 8. Differing design decisions - comparing Swedish FrameNet to FrameNet -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Differences -- 3. Linking to a dictionary -- 4. New frames for additional concepts -- 5. Polysemy -- 5.1 Hyponymy relations -- 5.2 Regular polysemy and Guest_LUs -- 5.3 Diverse meaning potentials -- 5.4 Frame relations and potential meanings -- 5.5 Complex relations -- 5.6 Polysemy and Swedish FrameNet: Summing up -- 6. Compounds. , 6.1 Non-compositional compounds -- 6.2 Compositional compounds -- 6.3 Partially transparent compounds -- 6.4 The constituent-affix cline -- 7. Lexical incorporation of frame element -- 8. Socio-cultural differences -- 9. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Funding -- References -- Chapter 9. Multiword expressions - a tough typological nut for Swedish FrameNet++ -- 1. Background -- 2. Multiword expressions in Swedish FrameNet++ -- 3. MWEs from a typological perspective: A first cut -- 3.1 The "words" of MWEs -- 3.2 The "lexemes" of MWEs -- 3.3 How frequent are multiword expressions in language? -- 3.4 What kinds of MWEs are there? -- 3.5 Where do we find cross-linguistic MWE data? -- 4. Taking stock: Towards a typology of MWEs? -- Acknowledgements -- Funding -- References -- Part IV. Natural language processing applications -- Chapter 10. Semantic role labeling -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Swedish FrameNet -- 3. Semantic role labeling with SweFN -- 3.1 Segmentation and labeling classifiers -- 4. Experiments -- 4.1 Experimental data and preprocessing -- 4.2 Cross-validation over sentences -- 4.3 Cross-frame role label generalization -- 4.4 Analysis of features -- 4.5 Cross-validation over frames -- 4.6 Increasing classifier robustness by adding cluster features -- 4.7 The effect of syntactic parser choice -- 4.8 Evaluation in the medical domain -- 4.9 Summary of results for the baseline systems -- 5. Using the FrameNet relational structure to improve the semantic role labeler -- 5.1 A classifier using non-atomic semantic role labels -- 5.2 Generalization methods -- 6. Experiments in cross-frame generalization -- 7. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11. Computational representation of FrameNet for multilingual natural language generation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Comparison of selected framenets -- 2.1 Berkeley FrameNet. , 2.2 Swedish FrameNet -- 2.3 Summary of the comparison -- 3. Computational framenets in Grammatical Framework -- 3.1 Grammatical Framework -- 3.2 FrameNet grammar library in GF -- 3.3 Status of the FrameNet grammar library -- 4. FrameNet-based multilingual NLG -- 4.1 Accurate generation of tourist phrases -- 4.2 Coherent text generation of museum objects -- 5. Final words -- Funding -- References -- Appendix A. Brief introduction to the GF Resource Grammar Library -- Chapter 12. Language learning and teaching with Swedish FrameNet++: Two examples -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Language technology and language pedagogy -- 2. Using resources within SweFN++ for learning and teaching language proficiency and grammatical analysis -- 2.1 The Swedish constructicon as a pedagogical resource -- 2.2 Exploring the usefulness of SweCcn and construction grammar for the teaching of Swedish as a second language -- 2.3 Pattern finding -- 2.4 Type case -- 2.5 Applying construction-based L2-teaching in the classroom - two small-scale studies -- 2.6 SweFN for learning linguistic analysis - semantic roles in Lärka -- 3. Developing the language pedagogical potential within SweFN++ -- 4. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- Funding -- References -- Index.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 90-272-0990-1

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 90-272-5848-1

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (259 p.)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-58901-596-7 , 1-58901-597-5

Serie: Georgetown University Round Table on languages and linguistics series

Inhalt: Little Words is an interdisciplinary examination of the functions and change in the use of clitics, pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, discourse particles, auxiliary/light verbs, prepositions, and other "little words" that have played a central role in linguistic theory and in language acquisition research. Leading scholars present advanced research in phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, discourse function, historical development, variation, and acquisition by children and adults.

Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record. , Contents; List of Illustrations; Preface; Chapter 1. Introduction; PART I: HISTORY; Chapter 2. From ""Two"" to ""Both"": Historical Changes in the Syntax and Meaning of Oba in Slavic; Chapter 3. When Small Words Collide: Morphological Reduction and Phonological Compensation in Old Leonese Contractions; PART II: PHONOLOGY; Chapter 4. Distinguishing Function Words from Content Words in Children's Oral Reading; Chapter 5. Motivating Floating Quantifiers; PART III: SYNTAX; Chapter 6. Applicative Phrases Hosting Accusative Clitics; Chapter 7. The Little DE of Degree Constructions , Chapter 8. The Complementizer The Chapter 9. What Is There When Little Words Are Not There ?: Possible Implications for Evolutionary Studies; Chapter 10. Spanish Personal a and the Antidative; PART IV: SEMANTICS; Chapter 11. Predicting Argument Realization from Oblique Marker Semantics; Chapter 12. Aspect Selectors, Scales, and Contextual Operators: An Analysis of by Temporal Adjuncts; Chapter 13. Distributive Effects of the Plural Marker -tul in Korean; PART V: PRAGMATICS; Chapter 14. The Pragmatics of the French Discourse Markers donc and alors , Chapter 15. ""Little Words"" in Small Talk: Some Considerations on the Use of the Pragmatic Markers man in English and macho/tío in Peninsular Spanish Chapter 16. Little Words That Could Impact One's Impression on Others: Greetings and Closings in Institutional E-mails; PART VI: ACQUISITION; Chapter 17. Instructed L2 Acquisition of Differential Object Marking in Spanish; Chapter 18. The Role of Pedagogical Tasks and Focus on Form in Acquisition of Discourse Markers by Advanced Language Learners; Chapter 19. Article Acquisition in English, German, Norwegian, and Swedish , Chapter 20. A Continuum in French Children's Surface Realization of Auxiliaries , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 1-58901-254-2

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: Online-Ressource (297 S.) , Ill.

Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.

ISBN: 9789401206884 , 9401206880 , 9781283366229

Serie: Language and computers 73

Inhalt: This volume consists of selected papers from the 2009 meeting of the American Association for Corpus Linguistics. The chapters cover aspects of language use (usage-based accounts of morphology/syntax of English and Tok Pisin), language learning (corpus-based learning of English, syntactic development observable in a Learner Corpus of English, "core" vocabulary items for learners of English) and language documentation (a new and innovative usage-based frequency dictionary of English, proposals to broaden the traditional understanding of a corpus in various directions, e.g., constructing a corpu

Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Introduction; 1. Language Use; I haven't drank in weeks: the use of past tense forms as past participles in English corpora; Irregular -im suffixation in Tok Pisin: exploratory methods in multivariate analysis; Complex extractions in a diachronic perspective; Subject ellipsis by text type: an investigation using ICE-GB; 2. Language Learning; Language learners as language researchers: the acquisition of English grammar through corpus-aided discovery learning approach mediated by intra- and interpersonal dialogues , A novel, web-based, parallel concordancer for use in the ESL/EFL classroomSyntactic aspects of the writing of Swedish L2 learners of English; Age tagging and word frequency for learners' dictionaries; 3. Language Documentation; The expanding horizons of corpus analysis; Developing a text-based corpus of the language of Japanese comics (manga); Corpus linguistics and language documentation: challenges for collaboration; The Speech Accent Archive: towards a typology of English accents , Creating and using A frequency dictionary of Contemporary American English: word sketches, collocates, and thematic lists

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9042034017

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9789042034013

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Corpus-based studies in language use, language learning and language documentation Amsterdam [u.a.] : Rodopi, 2011 ISBN 9789042034013

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Englisch ; Sprachgebrauch ; Korpus ; Morphologie ; Syntax ; Neumelanesisch ; Manga ; Konferenzschrift

DOI: 10.1163/9789401206884

URL: Volltext

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Mehr zum Autor: Baayen, R. Harald 1958-

UID:

Umfang: 87 S.

Serie: Ruul / reports from Uppsala Univ. Dep. of Linquistics 1

Sprache: Englisch

Fachgebiete: Skandinavistik

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (424 pages) : , illustrations.

ISBN: 9789027268198 (e-book)

Serie: Studies in language variation, volume 18

Inhalt: This book presents new empirical findings about Germanic heritage varieties spoken in North America: Dutch, German, Pennsylvania Dutch, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish, West Frisian and Yiddish, and varieties of English spoken both by heritage speakers and in communities after language shift. The volume focuses on three critical issues underlying the notion of 'heritage language': acquisition, attrition and change. The book offers theoretically-informed discussions of heritage language processes across phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics and the lexicon, in addition to work on sociolinguistics, historical linguistics and contact settings. With this, the volume also includes a variety of frameworks and approaches, synchronic and diachronic. Most European Germanic languages share some central linguistic features, such as V2, gender and agreement in the nominal system, and verb inflection. As minority language faced with a majority language like English, similarities and differences emerge in patterns of variation and change in these heritage languages. These empirical findings shed new light on mechanisms and processes --

Anmerkung: "This volume grows from recent collaboration among a group of scholars working on Germanic immigrant languages spoken in North America, initially faculty and students working on German dialects and Norwegian, and steadily expanding since to cover the family more broadly. More structured cooperation began with a small workshop at the University of Wisconsin-Madison four years ago and continued with larger workshops sponsored in turn by the University of Oslo, Pennsylvania State University and the University of Iceland. The volume you're reading is the first group publication in English (though see Johannessen and Salmons 2012 for a collection of papers on and written in Norwegian), and several others are in preparation. Most of the papers included in this volume have grown from the ongoing set of international workshops just sketched. These were started by the co-editors, led initially by the first co-editor, a trajectory reflected in the relatively heavy representation of work on Norwegian. A number of the chapters have been developed specifically from these networks and ongoing dialogues about heritage languages"--Introduction.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Germanic heritage languages in North America : acquisition, attrition and change. Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing Company, [2015] ISBN 9789027234988

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books.

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UID:

Umfang: xvi, 647 p.

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-282-97694-X , 9786612976940 , 90-272-8763-5

Serie: Studies in language companion series-slcs) ; 120

Inhalt: This book is the first comprehensive survey of mood in the languages of Europe. It gives readers access to a collection of data on mood. Each article presents the mood system of a specific European language in a way that readers not familiar with this language are able to understand and to interpret the data. The articles contain information on the morphology and semantics of the mood system, the possible combinations of tense and mood morphology, and the possible uses of the non-indica­tive mood(s). The papers address the explanation of mood from an empirical and descriptive perspective. This book is of interest to scholars of mood and modality, language contact, and areal linguistics and typology.

Anmerkung: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Mood in the Languages of Europe -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Preface -- List of contributors -- List of Abbreviations -- Moods, moods, moods -- 1. In the mood for moods -- 2. What is mood? -- 3. What's the name of the moods? -- 4. How many moods can a language have? -- 5. Is it mood? -- 6. One and one is one -- 7. Moods and tenses -- 8. If I had a hammer… -- 9. Summary: That's the way it is -- References -- Part I. Germanic -- Mood in Icelandic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Verbal categories -- 2.1 An overview -- 2.2. Inflection -- 2.3 Auxiliary verbs -- 2.4. Imperatives and exhortatives -- 2.5. Participles and infinitives -- 2.6. The (indicative) tense system -- 3. The subjunctive -- 3.1 Morphology -- 3.2. Main clause subjunctives -- 3.3. Embedded subjunctives: Their use and meaning -- 3.4. Tense interpretation in subordinate clauses. -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Mood in Norwegian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Verbal categories in Norwegian -- 3. Mood categories in Norwegian -- 3.1 Imperative -- 3.2 Subjunctive -- 4. Substituting for the non-indicative moods -- 4.1 The light verb la -- 4.2 Kanskje, mon and tro/tru -- 4.3. Tenses -- 4.4 Modals -- 4.5. Past participle -- 5. Expression of mood in Norwegian -- References -- Mood in Swedish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Verbal categories in Swedish -- 3. Mood categories in Swedish -- 3.1 The imperative -- 3.2 The preterite subjunctive -- 3.3 The present subjunctive -- 4. Substituting for the non-indicative moods -- 4.1 The indicative -- 4.2 The evidential present perfect -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Mood in Danish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Inflexional mood -- 3. Distality -- 4. The secondary mood system: S-passive and periphrastic passive -- 4.1 Old Danish Mood -- 4.2 The modern passive mood -- 5. Morphology prompts word order -- 5.1 Mood in subordinate clauses. , 5.2 Mood in main clauses -- 6. Mood in the declarative pattern: Realis vs. Non-realis -- 6.1 Filled-in Fundamental Field -- 6.2 Empty Fundamental Field -- 7. How is it mood? -- References -- Mood in English -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The English verbal system -- 3. The development of mood in English -- 4. Mood in contemporary English -- 4.1 Indicative -- 4.2 Subjunctive -- 4.2.1 Present subjunctive -- 4.2.2 Past subjunctive -- 4.3 Imperative -- 4.4 Prohibitive -- 5. let -- 6. Non-inflectional mood -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Mood in Dutch -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The verbal categories -- 3. The mood categories in Dutch -- 3.1 The non-finite subcategories -- 3.2 The finite subcategories of the indicative -- 3.3 The finite subcategories of the subjunctive -- 3.4 The finite subcategories of the imperative -- 4. Meaning and use of the subjunctive mood -- 4.1 Subjunctive mood in main clauses -- 4.2 Subjunctive mood in subordinate clauses -- 4.3 Alternative expressions -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Mood in German -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The subjunctive -- 2.1 Morphology -- 2.1.1 Present subjunctive -- 2.1.2 Preterite subjunctive -- 2.1.3 Subjunctive 1 and subjunctive 2 -- 2.1.4 würde + infinitive -- 2.2 Functions of the subjunctive -- 2.2.1 Subjunctive 1 -- 2.2.2 Subjunctive 2 -- 2.2.3 Reported speech -- 2.2.4 würde + infinitive -- 3. The imperative -- 3.1 The paradigm -- 3.2 Morphology -- 3.3 Use of the imperative -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Part II. Romance -- Mood in French -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The verb in French grammar -- 2.1 Morphology -- 2.2 The verbal system -- 2.2.1 Moods -- 2.2.2 Tenses and aspectual oppositions -- 3. Moods -- 3.1. The imperative -- 3.2 The subjunctive -- 3.2.1 Independent (main) clauses -- 3.2.2 Complement clauses -- 3.2.3 Adverbial clauses -- 3.2.4 Relative clauses -- 4. Indirect discourse -- 5. Conclusions. , References -- Mood in Portuguese -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Morphological aspects of the Portuguese mood system -- 3. Mood distribution in Portuguese -- 3.1 Subjunctive in main clauses -- 3.2. Subjunctive in subordinate clauses -- 3.2.1 Mood selection in argument clauses -- 3.2.2 Mood selection in relative clauses -- 3.2.3 Mood in adverbial clauses -- 4. The 'semantics' of mood -- 5. Competing structures - some remarks on the Infinitive -- 6. Concluding remarks -- References -- Mood in Spanish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The temporal-aspectual system of Spanish -- 3. The subjunctive -- 3.1 Subjunctive morphology -- 3.2 Temporal and aspectual relations -- 3.3 The meaning and uses of the subjunctive -- 3.3.1 Argument clauses -- 3.3.2 Relative clauses -- 3.3.3 Adverbial and/or adjunct clauses -- 3.3.4 Root contexts -- 4. The conditional -- References -- Mood in Catalan -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Verbal categories -- 3. Mood categories -- 3.1 Main clause uses of non-indicative moods -- 3.1.1 Imperative -- 3.1.2 Subjunctive -- 3.2 Embedded uses of moods -- 3.2.1 Argument clauses -- 3.2.2 Relative clauses -- 3.2.3 Adjunct clauses -- 3.3 Modal uses of indicative mood -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Mood in Italian -- 1. Italian -- 2. The Italian verb system -- 3. Italian moods -- 3.1 Subjunctive -- 3.2 Imperative -- 3.3 Other moods? -- 3.4 Restrictions of moods to specific tense-aspect -- 3.5 Syntactic restrictions -- 4. Meaning and use of the Italian moods -- 4.1 Subjunctive -- 4.1.1 Complement clauses -- 4.1.2 Adverbial clauses -- 4.1.3 Relative clauses -- 4.1.4 Subjunctive and Imperative in independent non-declarative clauses -- 4.2 Conditional -- 5. Analytic mood markers? -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Mood in Rumanian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Morphology: Present Indicative, Present Subjunctive and the competing Conditional -- 3. Mood in Rumanian. , 3.1 Main clause contexts -- 3.2 Contexts of subordination -- 3.2.1 Substantive (complement) clauses -- 3.2.2 Relative ('adjective') clauses -- 3.2.3 Adverbial clauses -- 3.2.3.1 Purpose, consecutive and comparative clauses -- 3.2.3.2 Temporal clauses -- 3.2.3.3 Conditionals and concessive-conditionals -- 3.4 Competitions between the Subjunctive and the Conditional -- 3.5. Să-constructions in Infinitive contexts (the so-called 'Balkan infinitive' -- 4. Concluding remarks -- References -- Part III. Celtic -- Mood in Irish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The imperative mood -- 2.1 Function and status of the Irish imperative -- 2.2 Impersonal/autonomous forms -- 2.3 Imperatives in concessive clauses -- 3. The subjunctive mood -- 3.1 The verbal morphology -- 3.2 Usage -- 3.2.1 Non-finite structures -- 3.2.2 Go as a temporal conjunction -- 3.2.3 Explicitness and pragmatic strengthening -- 3.2.4 The development of ach(t) go -- 4. The Conditional -- 4.1 The Morphology -- 4.2 Conditional sentences and the expression of mood -- 4.3 Concessives -- 4.4 Conditional markers -- 4.4.1 The conditional and new markers -- 4.4.2 The restrictive conditionals acht (go) and ach má -- 4.5 Negative conditionals -- 4.6 Conditionals and the realis-irrealis continuum -- 4.6.1 Diachronic changes -- 4.6.2 Indefinite antecedents -- 4.7 The conditional in indirect speech -- 5. Conjunction and complementizer sequences -- 6. Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Mood in Breton -- 1. Historical and sociolinguistic background -- 2. Linguistic background -- 3. Evolution of the Breton TAM sets and values -- 4. The Future -- 5. Two conditionals -- 6. The Imperative -- 7. Conclusion -- Abbreviations and symbols in glosses -- Mood in Welsh -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The verbal system in Welsh -- 3. Mood categories -- 3.1 Imperative mood -- 3.2 Subjunctive mood. , 3.3 The Potential and Irrealis tenses in the 'Typical' Domain of the subjunctive -- 4. Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Part IV. Slavic -- Mood in Russian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The verbal categories in Russian -- 3. The mood subcategories -- 3.1 Morphology of non-indicative moods -- 3.1.1 The Conditional -- 3.1.2 Some remarks on the diachronic development of the conditional -- 3.1.3 The imperative -- 3.2 Restrictions of non-indicative moods to specific tenses/aspects/voices -- 1.3 Meaning and use of non-indicative moods -- 3.3.1 Conditional -- 3.3.1.1 Conditional in main and subordinated clause -- 3.3.1.2 Conditional in subordinated clauses -- 3.3.1.3 Main clause usage of the conditional -- 3.3.2 Imperative -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Mood in Polish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The verbal categories in Polish -- 3. The mood subcategories -- 3.1 Morphology of non-indicative moods -- 3.1.1 The Conditional -- 3.1.2 Some remarks on the diachronic development of the conditional -- 3.1.3 The imperative -- 3.2 Restrictions of non-indicative moods to specific tenses/ aspects/ voices -- 3.3 Meaning and use of non-indicative moods -- 3.3.1 Conditional -- 3.3.1.1 Conditional in main and subordinated clause -- 3.3.1.2 Dependent conditional in subordinated clauses (subjunctive) -- 3.3.1.3 Independent conditional in main clauses -- 3.3.1.4 Specific behaviour with modals -- 3.3.2 Imperative -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Mood in Czech and Slovak -- 1. Introduction -- 2 Verbal categories in Czech and Slovak -- 3. The mood categories in Czech and Slovak -- 3.1 Morphology of non-indicative moods -- 3.2 Restrictions of non-indicative moods -- 3.3 Meaning and use of non-indicative moods -- 3.3.1 The imperative -- 3.3.2 Conditional -- 3.3.3 Infinitives -- 4. Other expressions for non-indicative moods -- 5. Conclusion -- Abbreviations. , Primary sources. , English

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