Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (522 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9783031616815

Serie: Contributions to Management Science Series

Anmerkung: Intro -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Foreword -- The Five Ts: Transparency, Trust, Teamwork, Try, and Transform -- We Need a Climate for Change -- Horizon 2020 Project AVENUE -- Europe Fit for the Digital Decade -- The Five Ts: Transparency, Trust, Teamwork, Try, and Transform -- Acknowledgements -- About This Book -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acronyms -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Automated Vehicles (AVs) for a New Mobility -- 1.2 Contents of the Individual Book Parts -- 1.2.1 Part 1: The AVENUE Project: Implementing Automated Minibuses for "Door-to-Door" and "On-Demand" Passenger Transportation in Geneva, Lyon, Luxembourg and Copenhagen -- 1.2.2 Part 2: Impact Assessment of AVENUE -- 1.2.3 Future Vision of AVENUE -- References -- Part I: The AVENUE Project: Implementing Automated Minibuses for "Door-to-Door" and "On-Demand" Passenger Transportation in Geneva, Lyon, Luxembourg and Copenhagen -- Chapter 2: AVENUE Site Demonstrators: Geneva, Lyon, Luxembourg, and Copenhagen -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Changing Landscape of Mobility -- 2.2.1 Fighting Congestion -- 2.2.2 The Transformation of Public Transportation -- 2.2.3 Readiness to Adopt New Transportation Means -- 2.2.4 Challenges for Public Transport Operators (PTOs) -- 2.3 The Geneva Sites -- 2.3.1 Objectives -- 2.3.2 Deployment -- 2.3.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- 2.3.4 Recommendations -- 2.3.5 Future Developments -- 2.4 Denmark and Norway -- 2.4.1 Nordhavn -- 2.4.1.1 Objectives -- 2.4.1.2 Deployment -- 2.4.1.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- Passengers and Distance Driven -- Driving Speed and Automated vs. Manual Mode -- Issues Reported on Route -- Downtime and Cancelled Operation -- 2.4.1.4 Recommendations -- Object-Detection Challenges -- Increased Mixed Traffic in High Seasons -- Consequences of Construction Work. , Lack of Parking Spots Compared to the Number of Cars -- Low-Speed Limit -- 2.4.1.5 Future Developments -- Complications in Nordhavn -- 2.4.2 Ormøya -- 2.4.2.1 Objectives -- 2.4.2.2 Deployment -- 2.4.2.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- Passengers and Distance -- Automated vs. Manual Driving -- Issues Encountered on the Route -- 2.4.2.4 Recommendations -- Public Transport in Oslo -- User Experience -- Vegetation and Snow -- Major Safety Issues -- 2.4.3 Slagelse -- 2.4.3.1 Objectives -- 2.4.3.2 Deployment -- Red Section -- Green Section -- Blue Section -- Parking Conditions -- 2.4.3.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- Distance and Passengers -- Automated Vs. Manual Driving -- 2.4.3.4 Recommendations -- User Experience Learnings -- Patients -- Relatives/Visitors -- Employees -- Performance Learnings -- Low-Speed Environment -- Low Complexity Environment -- 2.4.4 Conclusions -- 2.5 Lyon, France -- 2.5.1 Objectives -- 2.5.2 Deployment -- 2.5.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- 2.5.4 Future Development -- 2.5.4.1 The Constraints of Availability for Users -- 2.5.4.2 Energy Constraints and Battery Capacity -- 2.5.4.3 Facilitate the Relationship with the User -- 2.5.4.4 Pricing Issue -- 2.6 Luxembourg -- 2.6.1 Pfaffenthal -- 2.6.1.1 Objectives -- 2.6.1.2 Deployment -- 2.6.1.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- 2.6.1.4 Future Development -- 2.6.2 Contern -- 2.6.2.1 Objectives -- 2.6.2.2 Deployment -- 2.6.2.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- 2.6.2.4 Future Development -- 2.6.3 Esch-Sur-Alzette -- 2.6.3.1 Objectives -- 2.6.3.2 Deployment -- 2.6.3.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- 2.6.3.4 Future Development -- 2.7 Lessons Learned -- References -- Chapter 3: Automated Minibuses: State of the Art and Improvements Through AVENUE -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Automated Driving Context before Starting AVENUE. , 3.2.1 Market Projection -- 3.2.2 Automated Driving -- 3.2.3 The Landscape of Automated Mobility -- 3.2.4 NAVYA before 2018 -- 3.2.4.1 Hardware -- 3.2.4.2 Software -- 3.2.4.3 Services -- 3.2.5 NAVYA Ecosystem -- 3.2.6 Legal Boundaries -- 3.3 Technology Improvements Through AVENUE -- 3.3.1 A Global View -- 3.3.2 NAVYA Software -- 3.3.3 Automotive New Release Process -- 3.3.4 NavyaDrive® Evolutions -- 3.3.4.1 The Operating System -- 3.3.4.2 Over-the-Air Update -- 3.3.4.3 On-Demand Service -- 3.3.4.4 V2X Traffic Light Management -- 3.3.4.5 V2X Solution for Complex Situations -- 3.3.4.6 Driving Enhancement -- 3.3.5 Supervision Improvements and NavyaOperate© -- 3.3.6 Navya API -- 3.3.7 HMI and Experience Enhancement -- 3.3.7.1 Operator User Interface -- 3.3.7.2 Event Triggering System -- 3.3.7.3 In-Vehicle Audio Announcements (UI) -- 3.3.7.4 Interactive Interface for Passengers (UI) -- 3.3.7.5 External Sound (UI) -- 3.3.7.6 External Screen and Human-Machine Interface (HMI) -- 3.3.8 Other Enhancements -- 3.3.8.1 Hardware Enhancement -- 3.3.8.2 Mapping, Commissioning, and Tools -- 3.3.8.3 Additional Tool Enhancements -- 3.4 Beyond Avenue -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Safety, Security and Service Quality for Automated Minibuses: State of the Art, Technical Requirements and Data Privacy in Case of Incident -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 A Shared Sustainability and Durability Target for the Society and for Companies -- 4.3 The Conditions to Make it a Sustainable and Durable Solution -- 4.3.1 Traffic Management and Energy Consumption -- 4.3.2 "Customer" Durable Satisfaction, Including Safety -- 4.3.3 Safety Measurable Targets and Steps -- 4.4 The Critical Path for Market Introduction of Safe Automated Minibuses -- 4.5 Quality and Safety State of the Art for Automated Minibuses -- 4.6 A Self-Learning Automated Transport System at European Level. , 4.7 Data Privacy of Incident Analysis and Lesson Learned Sharing -- 4.8 Automated Minibus Safety and Service Quality Levers -- 4.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: In-Vehicle Services to Improve the User Experience and Security when Traveling with Automated Minibuses -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Service: Enhance the Sense of Security and Trust -- 5.3 Service: Automated Passenger Presence -- 5.4 Service: Follow My Kid/Grandparents -- 5.5 Service: Shuttle Environment Assessment -- 5.6 Service: Smart Feedback System -- 5.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Cybersecurity and Data Privacy: Stakeholders' Stand on Regulations and Standards -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 CAVs' Threats -- 6.1.1.1 In-Vehicle Equipment -- 6.1.1.2 External Communication Technologies -- 6.1.2 Motivation -- 6.2 Regulations and Standards -- 6.2.1 CAVs Privacy Initiatives -- 6.3 Methodology -- 6.4 Findings -- 6.5 Discussion and Recommendations -- 6.5.1 Standards Coverage Map -- 6.5.2 Further Recommendations -- 6.5.3 Assessment Limitations -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Technical Cybersecurity Implementation on Automated Minibuses with Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Basics of a SIEM Software Solution -- 7.3 Most Popular SIEM Open-Source Software -- 7.4 SIEM Benefits for CAV Infrastructure -- 7.5 Limitations of SIEM -- 7.6 Characteristics of the SIEM Platform -- 7.7 Investigation on Diverse Implementations within AVENUE -- 7.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Persons with Reduced Mobility (PRM) Specific Requirements for Passenger Transportation Services -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Requirements of Passengers (Interview Results) -- 8.2.1 Phase 1 (July-September 2018) -- 8.2.2 Public Transport in General -- 8.2.3 Attitude Towards Fully Automated Public Transport (Unexperienced Pax). , 8.2.4 Phase 2 (June 2019-February 2020) -- 8.2.5 Interviews with Safety Operators -- 8.2.6 Interviews with Experienced Passengers: Attitude Towards Fully Automated Public Transport -- 8.3 A Blind Users' Perspective on Automated Vehicles -- 8.3.1 Bus Stops on the Course -- 8.3.2 Boarding Process -- 8.3.3 Interior Situation and Bus Ride -- 8.3.4 Getting Out of the Bus -- 8.3.5 Klaus-Dieter's Summary -- 8.4 Situation-Based Impairments of Different Passenger Groups -- 8.5 Proposed Implementation of User Requirements -- 8.5.1 Mock-Up for an Accessible App for Fully Automated Public Transport -- 8.5.2 Information Display in the Vehicle -- 8.6 Conclusions -- Appendix: Mobile Apps for Blind and Low-Vision Public Transport Travellers -- List of Mobile Applications -- GoodMaps Outdoors -- BlindSquare -- myfinder -- Seeing AI -- References -- Chapter 9: Stakeholder Analysis and AVENUE Strategies -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Research Aim -- 9.1.2 Research Approach -- 9.2 Empirical Stakeholder Analysis -- 9.2.1 Results of the Initial Stakeholder Scan -- 9.2.1.1 Power-Interest and Impact-Attribute Grid -- 9.2.1.2 Onion Diagram -- 9.2.1.3 Selection of Stakeholder Groups -- 9.2.2 Self-Assessment Stakeholder Groups -- 9.2.2.1 Public Transport Operators -- 9.2.2.2 Manufacturers -- 9.2.2.3 Software Providers -- 9.2.2.4 Driver Unions -- 9.2.2.5 Policymakers -- 9.2.2.6 Civil Society Organizations/Citizen Organizations -- 9.2.3 Results from the Cross-Sectional Analysis -- 9.2.3.1 The Crucial Role of City Government -- 9.2.3.2 Technology Development and Legal Regulations -- 9.2.3.3 Restructuring the Mobility Industry -- 9.2.3.4 Social Acceptance and Environmental Aspects -- 9.2.3.5 Future Scenarios -- 9.2.4 Stakeholder Map -- 9.2.4.1 Structure of the Stakeholder Map -- 9.2.4.2 Insights from the Stakeholder Map. , 9.3 Conceptual AVENUE Stakeholder and Mobility Services Analysis.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Fournier, Guy Automated Vehicles As a Game Changer for Sustainable Mobility Cham : Springer,c2024 ISBN 9783031616808

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books. ; Electronic books.

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URL: https://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/PublicFullRecord.aspx?p=31554440

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URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

UID:

Umfang: xvi, 206 pages : , illustrations ; , 28 cm.

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-280-08646-7 , 9786610086467 , 0-585-48188-1

Serie: Technical tool series ; no. 5

Anmerkung: "September 2003." , Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- PART I: OVERVIEW -- Chapter 1 Poverty Assessment of Microfinance Institutions -- Intended users -- Manual layout -- Study parameters and choice of an indicator-based methodology -- Methodological steps -- Multiple dimensions of poverty and their implications -- Development of a generic questionnaire -- Selection criteria for indicators -- Purpose of field testing -- Indicators chosen for questionnaire -- Methodology overview -- Using principal component analysis to develop the poverty index -- Using the poverty index -- Relative versus absolute poverty -- Interpreting results -- Selected results of test case studies -- Overall comparative results -- Summary -- PART II: PLANNING AND ORGANIZING THE ASSESSMENT -- Chapter 2 Planning and Organizing the Assessment -- Guidelines for contracting the assessment -- Responsibilities of the researcher -- Sequencing project payments -- Determining the required time frame -- Allocating the poverty assessment budget -- Personnel, logisitical, and performance issues affecting field implementation -- PART III: COLLECTING SURVEY DATA -- Chapter 3 Developing the Sample Design -- Step 1: Define the population and sampling unit -- Household as the basic sampling unit -- Determining a feasible survey area -- Step 2: Construct the MFI-based sampling frame -- Cluster sampling for new MFI clients -- Determining required clustering stages -- Step 3: Determine appropriate sample size -- Step 4: Distribute the samples proportionally -- Probability-proportionate-to-size sampling (PPS) -- Equal-proportion sampling (EPS) -- EPS method applied to client groups -- Step 5: Select the actual sample -- Random sampling within clusters -- Random sampling of nonclient households: The random walk -- Describing each survey site. , Chapter 4 Adapting the Poverty Assessment Questionnaire to the Local Setting -- Identifying local definitions of poverty -- Introducing the study and screening households -- How to introduce the study -- Screening households for applicability -- Type of respondent and preferred interview venue -- The survey form -- Section A: Documenting households through identification information -- Section B: Family structure -- Section C: Food-related indicators -- Section D: Dwelling-related indicators -- Section E: Other asset-based indicators -- Customizing the questionnaire -- Guidelines for writing well-worded questions -- Pre-coding the questionnaire -- Chapter 5 Training the Field Survey Team -- Stage 1: Summarize the background, purpose, and metholodogy of the survey -- Discuss the purpose of the study -- Discuss the sampling frame used for identifying households -- Present the field implementation plan -- Define role of the interviewer and review principles of good interviewing -- Discuss major sources of error in the field and how to correct for these errors -- Stage 2: Understand content of the questionnaire -- Stage 3: Standardize translation of questionnaire into local language(s) -- Stage 4: Practice interviewing in local language(s) -- Stage 5: Pretest the questionnaire -- PART IV: ANALYZING THE DATA -- Chapter 6 Managing the Survey Data -- Data file structures and database design -- Structuring data files -- Linking files within a relational database -- General organization of SPSS -- Main menu bar -- SPSS views -- Data-entry methods for survey data -- Preparation of data-entry forms and file documentation -- Entering the data -- Making electronic backups -- Cleaning the data -- Data cleaning procedures -- Correcting data errors -- Using SPSS procedures to clean data -- Locating cases with data errors -- Frequencies -- Descriptives -- Box plots. , Suggested data-cleaning routines -- Household data file (F1) -- Adult data file (F2) -- Child data file (F3) -- Asset data file (F4) -- Chapter 7 Working with Data in SPSS -- Methods for aggregating data to generate new variables in SPSS -- SPSS aggregate data function -- Aggregating old variables to generate new variables -- Saving output as new files -- Merging files -- Transforming variables to recode data -- Data procedures for computing new variables -- Summary -- Chapter 8 Conducting Descriptive Data Analysis -- Testing for significant differences between client and nonclient households -- Cross tabulation and the chi-square test -- How cross tabulation is applied -- Cross tabulation in SPSS -- Interpreting a cross-tabulation table -- Conducting specific analysis using cross tabluations -- The t-test on difference between means -- How the t-test is applied -- SPSS procedure for running a t-test of means -- Conducting specific analysis using the t-test of means -- Summary -- Chapter 9 Developing a Poverty Index -- Statistical procedures for filtering poverty indicators -- Linear correlation coefficient -- Using SPSS to measure linear correlation -- Interpreting an SPSS correlation table -- Selecting variables to test for correlation -- Using principal component analysis to estimate a poverty index -- Statistical tools used in creating a poverty index -- Step 1: Select a screened group of indicators -- Step 2: Run a test model and interpret the results -- Step 3: Revising the model until results meet performance requirements -- Step 4: Saving component scores as a poverty index variable -- Properties of the poverty index variable -- Checking index results -- Using relative poverty terciles to interpret the poverty index -- Defining the poor within the local population -- SPSS procedures for creating poverty terciles. , Assessing MFI poverty outreach by poverty groupings -- PART V: INTERPRETING THE RESULTS -- Chapter 10 Interpreting the Results of a Poverty Assessment -- Comparing results at the local, area, and national levels -- Comparing poverty at the local level -- Comparing poverty of the MFI operational area to national poverty levels -- Comparing poverty at the national level -- Comparing assessment results against the mission and objectives of an MFI -- Reporting the findings -- Appendix 1 Alternative Approaches to Assessing Poverty -- Detailed household expenditure survey -- Rapid appraisal and participatory appraisal -- Indicator-based method -- Appendix 2 List of Poverty Indicators and their Rankings -- Ranking of poverty indicators -- Indicator group 1: Means to achieve welfare -- Indicator group 2: Basic needs -- Indicator group 3: Other aspects of welfare -- Appendix 3 Recommended Questionnaire -- Section A: Household indentification -- Section B: Family structure -- Section C: Food-related indicators -- Section D: Dwelling-related indicators -- Section E: Other asset-based indicators -- Appendix 4 UNDP Human Development Index (HDI), 2000 -- High human development -- Medium human development -- Low human development -- All developing countries -- Appendix 5 Data Template File Information -- File information: F1householdtemplate.sav -- File information: F2adulttemplate.sav -- File information: F3childtemplate.sav -- File information: F4assetstemplate.sav -- Glossary of Statistical Terms -- Bibliography -- Boxes -- Box 2.1 Donor checklist -- Box 2.2 Field implementation in Kenyan case study -- Box 3.1 Determining the survey area -- Box 3.2 Steps used in cluster sampling -- Box 3.3 Example of PPS sampling -- Box 3.4 The random walk -- Box 3.5 Summary of steps for developing sample survey design -- Box 4.1 Well-designed survey questions. , Box 5.1 Interviewer reference sheet -- Box 9.1 Ordinal- and ratio-scaled indicator variables -- Box 10.1 Deviations from an even tercile distribution -- Box 10.2 Using secondary data in a poverty assessment -- Box 10.3 Area-based assessment ratio -- Box 10.4 Developing a comparative ratio using the UNDP Human Development Index (HDI) -- Box 10.5 Poverty assessment results in context -- Box 10.6 Workshop format: Presentation of poverty assessment results -- Figures -- Figure 1.1 Indicators and underlying components -- Figure 1.2 Histogram of a standardized poverty index (MFI B) -- Figure 1.3 Constructing poverty groups -- Figure 1.4 MFI A: Distribution of client and nonclient households across poverty groups -- Figure 1.5 MFI B: Distribution of client and nonclient households across poverty groups -- Figure 1.6 MFI C: Distribution of client and nonclient households across poverty groups -- Figure 1.7 MFI D: Distribution of client and nonclient households across poverty groups -- Figure 2.1 Time allocation by activity phase -- Figure 2.2 Budgeting against a schedule -- Figure 3.1 Common MFI geographic units -- Figure 3.2 Example of cluster sampling based on geographic regions of an MFI -- Figure 3.3 Decision process for determining survey clusters -- Figure 3.4 Quartiles of a survey area -- Figure 6.1 Relational file structure within SPSS database -- Figure 6.2 SPSS main menu ("Data View" window) -- Figure 6.3 SPSS "Variable View" window -- Figure 6.4 SPSS "Output View" window -- Figure 6.5 SPSS "Value Labels" dialogue box -- Figure 6.6 SPSS "Select Cases" dialogue box -- Figure 6.7 SPSS "Select Cases: If" dialogue box -- Figure 6.8 SPSS "Frequencies" dialogue box -- Figure 6.9 Example of SPSS graph showing distribution of responses by amount of expenditure on clothing and footwear. , Figure 6.10 Sample of SPSS box plot: Data collected on household family size. , Also available online. , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-8213-5675-5

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-8213-5674-7

Sprache: Englisch

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)

URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/0-8213-5674-7

UID:

Umfang: vi, 78 pages : , illustrations ; , 28 cm.

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-280-08481-2 , 9786610084814 , 0-585-49753-2

Serie: World Bank e-Library.

Anmerkung: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Intro -- CONTENTS -- Acknowledgments -- Overview and executive summary -- Progress in ideas and practice -- Scope and methodology of this Strategy -- The main messages of this Strategy -- Notes -- 1. Introduction and development context -- The gloomy arithmetic of water -- Water resources management and development are critical to the World Bank's strategic objectives of sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction -- The World Bank's borrowers face a wide range of water development and management challenges -- Water management must make a series of important transitions -- The scope of this Strategy -- Key strategic issues in the main water-using sectors -- Notes -- 2. Stocktaking and evaluation -- Building on the 1993 Strategy and consulting with stakeholders -- There is broad consensus on what constitutes good water resources management, but all countries are far from managing water resources according to these principles -- A wide variety of water resources challenges in the regions -- World Bank engagement in water resources development and management -- The great challenge is making progress, not achieving perfection -- The World Bank position on the "Guidelines" of the World Commission on Dams -- The comparative advantage of the World Bank and the need to revise business practices -- Notes -- 3. Strategic options and possible business implications -- The additionality and focus of this Strategy -- Developing a portfolio of analytic work that informs management decisions and recognizes differences -- Working with partners -- Finding new sources of financing for water resources infrastructure -- Dealing with risk and developing a more effective business model -- How the World Bank is organized and staffed for water resources management -- Notes -- 4. What the Strategy might mean for World Bank engagement: Some examples from the regions. , Illustration 1: What the new sector Strategy might mean in Brazil -- Illustration 2: What the new sector Strategy might mean in Central Asia -- Illustration 3: What the new sector strategy might mean in India, in particular in the state of Andhra Pradesh -- Illustration 4: What the new Sector Strategy might mean in Nigeria -- Illustration 5: What the new Strategy might mean in the Philippines -- Illustration 6: What the new sector Strategy might mean in Yemen -- Illustration 7: What the new sector Strategy might mean for the World Bank's work on international waters: The Nile Basin Initiative -- Implementing the sector Strategy in the World Bank's operations: What these examples show -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Annex 1: The World Bank position on the Report of the World Commission on Dams -- Support for strategic planning, and a dams planning and management action plan -- World Bank policies -- Summary. , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-8213-5697-6

Sprache: Englisch

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)

URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/0-8213-5697-6

UID:

Umfang: xxiv, 245 pages : , illustrations ; , 24 cm.

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-280-08501-0 , 9786610085019 , 0-8213-5681-X

Serie: World Bank regional and sectoral studies

Anmerkung: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Executive Summary -- Understanding the Labor Market Context and Developments -- Making Reforms Work in Public Training -- Opening Markets for Nongovernment Training Institutions -- Recognizing Formal Sector Enterprises as Trainers -- Building Skills for the Informal Economy -- Promoting Training Reforms with Financing -- Moving Forward with Reforms -- Note -- 1. Introduction and Background -- Introduction -- The Rationale for Training -- Importance of Training in Sub-Saharan Africa Today -- Issues Surrounding TVET -- Highlights of Developments in the 1990s -- International Assistance for Skills Development -- Highlights of the Literature -- Modeling Training Decisions -- Questions of Particular Relevance to Sub-Saharan Africa -- The Africa Regional Review of Skills Development -- Notes -- 2. Labor Market Context and Developments -- Introduction -- Income and Poverty -- Labor Supply -- Labor Demand -- The Informal Sector -- Labor Market Information -- Notes -- 3. Making Reforms Work In Public Training -- Introduction -- An Assessment of State-Sponsored Training -- Making Reforms Work -- Priorities and Policy Issues -- 4. Opening Markets for Nongovernment Training Institutions -- Introduction -- Scope and Characteristics of Nongovernment Training -- Financing and Costs -- Effectiveness -- Regulation of Nongovernment Training Providers -- Issues -- Notes -- 5. Recognizing Formal-Sector Enterprises as Trainers -- Introduction -- Background -- Importance of Enterprise-Based Training -- Pattern and Determinants of Enterprise-Based Training -- Benefits of Enterprise-Based Training -- Recruitment Practices -- Types of Training -- Public-Private Partnerships -- Collective Support Services -- Coping with HIV/AIDS -- Notes. , 6. Building Skills for the Informal Economy -- Introduction -- Traditional Apprenticeship Training -- Initiatives to Support Training Markets -- Policies -- Training Strategies for the Informal Sector -- Toward a Strategy to Improve Traditional Apprenticeship Training -- Issues -- Role of External Agencies -- Notes -- 7. Promoting Reforms with Training Finance -- Introduction -- Resource Mobilization -- Sale of Goods and Services -- Allocation Mechanisms -- Notes -- 8. Moving Forward with Reforms -- The Assessment -- Government's Role -- Role of International Partners -- A Research Agenda -- Appendixes -- Guide to Appendixes -- A. Mali and Senegal: Rationale for Private Provision of Technical-Vocational Education -- B. Mali: Private Technical-Vocational Training- Main Findings -- C. Senegal: Private TVE-Main Findings -- D. Benin: BAA-Improving Traditional Apprenticeship Training -- E. Cameroon: APME-Micro Enterprise Support and Promotion Program -- F. Cameroon: GIPA-One Association's Approach to Improving Traditional Apprenticeship Training -- G. Kenya: Jua Kali Project: Micro and Small Enterprise Training and Technology -- H. Kenya: SITE Project: Improving Traditional Apprenticeship Training -- I. Senegal: FEDNAPH-A Trade Association Providing Skills Training -- J. Tanzania: VETA/GTZ Project: Pilot Programs for Informal Sector Training -- K. Uganda: UNIDO/DANIDA/JICA Project: Master Craftspersons Training -- L. Zimbabwe: ISTARN-Traditional Apprenticeship Program -- M. Training Funds in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries -- Principal Sources -- References and Selected Bibliography -- Tables -- 1.1 Distribution of Country and Case Studies -- 2.1 African Firms That Ranked the AIDS Epidemic as Having a Moderate or Major Impact on the Costs of Running Their Businesses -- 2.2 Labor Force Participation Rates, by Gender, 1980 and 1997. , 2.3 Benin: Time Use, by Women and Men -- 2.4 Adult Literacy Rates, Selected African Countries, 1985 and 1995 -- 2.5 Gross Enrollment Rates in Africa, 1960-97 -- 2.6 Education Levels of Household Heads, Selected African Countries, 1993-97 -- 2.7 Public Sector Wage-Employment, Selected African Countries, 1993-99 -- 3.1 Secondary Enrollments in Technical-Vocational Subjects -- 4.1 Obstacles to Nongovernment Technical-Vocational Training and Solutions -- 4.2 Annual Salaries of Public and Nongovernment TVE Instructors in CFA Francs, Mali and Senegal -- 4.3 Regulatory Frameworks for Nongovernment Technical-Vocational Training, Mali and Senegal -- 5.1 Determinants of Enterprise Efficiency (percentage increase in value added) -- 6.1 Training Needs in the Informal Sector -- 6.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Traditional Apprenticeship as a Means of Skills Development -- 7.1 Revenue-Generating Payroll Taxes in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 7.2 Tanzania: Sources of Incomes and Training Costs, Selected Church-Owned Training Centers -- 7.3 Mechanisms for Funding Diversification: Advantages and Risks -- 7.4 Income Sources of National Training Funds, Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries -- 7.5 Key Conditions for Training Fund Success -- 7.6 National Levy-Grant Schemes in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries -- 7.7 Weaknesses Common to Levy-Grant Schemes -- 7.8 Strengths and Weaknesses of Enterprise Training Schemes -- 8.1 Strengths and Weaknesses by Type of Training Provider -- Figures -- 1.1 World Bank Lending for TVET, Total and Africa Region -- 1.2 TVET Lending as a Percentage of Total Education Lending -- 1.3 World Bank Education and Training Projects with Training Investments -- 1.4 Studies Included in the Review -- 2.1. Sub-Saharan Africa: Estimated Proportions of Formal and Informal Sector Employment. , 2.2. Labor Force Structure, by Major Economic Sector, Selected African Countries, 1997 -- 2.3. Informal Sector Employment as a Share of Nonagricultural Employment, Selected African Countries (1990s) -- 2.4. Structure of the Urban Informal Sector, Selected Francophone Countries, 1980s/1990s -- 2.5. Steps in the Training Process -- 3.1 The Range of Public Training Provision by Ownership -- 3.2a Relevance -- 3.2b Quality (Effectiveness) -- 3.2c Internal Efficiency -- 4.1 Diversity in Nongovernment Institution-Based Training -- 4.2 Tanzania: Vocational Training Places by Ownership -- 4.3 Zambia: Training Institutions by Ownership -- 4.4 Costs per Trainee, Nonpublic and Public TVE Institutions in CFA Francs -- 4.5 Mali: Examination Results, Nonpublic and National Totals, by Type of Diploma (1999-2000) -- 4.6 Senegal: Success Rates for State Diplomas, 2000 -- 4.7 Zambia: Examination Passes in Nonpublic Institutions by Type of Examination, 1998-2001 -- 4.8 Zambia: Training Institutions by Type Ranked by Level of Standards, 2001 -- 5.1 Incidence of Formal Training by Industry: Kenya, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, 1995 -- 5.2 Incidence of Informal Training by Industry: Kenya, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, 1995 -- 5.3 International Comparison of Incidence of Informal and Formal Training: Selected Countries -- 5.4 African Enterprises Providing Informal Training by Firm Size, 1995 -- 5.5 African Enterprises Providing Formal Training by Firm Size, 1995 -- 5.6 Percentage of African Firms Providing Formal Training by Ownership, 1995 -- 5.7 Percentage of African Firms Providing Informal Training by Ownership, 1995 -- 5.8 Informal and External Training by Exporting and Nonexporting Firms -- 5.9 Workers Receiving Training by Type and Job Category: Kenya and Zimbabwe, 1995 -- Boxes -- 2.1 Cameroon: Pathways to Entrepreneurship in the Informal Sector. , 2.2 Constraints on Informal Sector Enterprises -- 2.3 Namibia: Using Labor Market Information for Flexible Training Delivery -- 3.1 Kenya: Evaluation of Public TVET -- 3.2 CONFEMEN Conference on TVET in Bamako, 1998 -- 3.3 Employer-Owned and -Managed Training in Brazil -- 3.4 Zambia: Granting Autonomy to Public Training Institutions -- 3.5 Plans for the Ghanaian National Qualifications Framework -- 4.1 Forms of Regulation -- 4.2 Zambia: Playing Field Slanted against Nongovernment Providers -- 6.1 Senegal: Views on the Position of an Apprentice -- 6.2 The Role of Informal Sector Associations -- 6.3 Main Findings from Study on Literacy for Livelihood Skills -- 6.4 Training Follow-Up in Ghana -- 6.5 Role of Government in Informal Sector Training -- 7.1 Zambia: A Tale of Two Community-Based Trade Schools and Their Fee Policies -- 7.2 Senegal: Introduction of Extra Courses on a Fee-Paying Basis -- 7.3 Togo: Income Mobilization by Renting Institutional Premises -- 7.4 Zambia: Traditional Budgeting -- 7.5 South Africa: Normative Financing Experiment with Technical Colleges -- 7.6 Mauritius: Vouchers for Small Enterprise Training -- 7.7 Malawi: Apprenticeship Allowances. , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-8213-5680-1

Sprache: Englisch

Fachgebiete: Wirtschaftswissenschaften

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)

URL: Volltext

URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/0-8213-5680-1

UID:

Umfang: pages cm.

ISBN: 1-283-90665-1 , 0-8213-9459-2

Serie: MENA development report

Inhalt: In the Arab countries, climate change is a risk to poverty reduction and economic growth, threatening to unravel many of the development gains that have been achieved. The Arab Region is already suffering adverse consequences from climate variability and change. This book provides information on climate change and its impact in the Arab Region, as well as technical guidance on climate adaptation options for policy makers. The areas addressed include the economic impacts of climate change (as measured by the reduction in household income and GDP); the impacts of climate change on the water, hea

Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record. , Cover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Contributors; Abbreviations; Overview; Climate Has Shaped the Cultures of Arab Countries; Figures; 1 The Adaptation Pyramid: A Framework for Action on Climate Change Adaptation; Climate Change Is Happening Now, and People Are Affected in Arab Countries; A Harsh Environment Has Shaped the Cultures in the Region; 1 Climate Change Is Happening Now; Boxes; 1.1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Definitions: Climate, Climate Change, and Climate Variability; The Effects of Climate Change Are Socially Differentiated , 1.2 Water-Related Impacts: Selected Examples from the Arab Region1.3 Effects of Severe Droughts on Rural Livelihoods in Syria; Tables; 1.1 Socioeconomic Information for Arab Countries; 1.1 Cumulative Impacts of Climate Change on Household Income for Syria, Tunisia, and the Republic of Yemen; 1.2 The Bedouin's Assets to Cope with Drought, 1990 and 2010; Climate Change Adaptation Is about Reducing Vulnerability; 1.4 Definitions of Climate Change Adaptation; 1.3 Conceptual Framework for Defining Vulnerability , Climate Change Adaptation Should Be an Integrated Part of Public Sector Management for Sustainable Development1.4 The Adaptation Pyramid: A Framework for Action on Climate Change Adaptation; Notes; 1.5 Jordan Desert Ecosystems and Livelihoods Project; References; 2 Ways Forward for Climatology; 2.1 Some Basic Definitions; Despite Sparse Observational Data, the Projections Are That Most of the Arab Region Is Becoming Hotter and Drier; Maps; 2.1 Spatial Distribution of Stations with at Least 10 Years of Monthly Rainfall , 2.2 Rainfall Stations in the Republic of Yemen Run by the Ministry of Irrigation and Agriculture, 20072.2 Observational Networks; 2.3 Access to Data; 2.3 Rainfall in Arab Countries and Year-to-Year Variations; 2.4 Positive Temperature Trends Seen in the Majority of Available Ground Stations; 2.4 Capacity Building Using Regional Climate Information; 2.5 Spatial Distribution of Rainfall from a Study Conducted in the Region, 1998-2009; 2.1 Change in Days with Maximum and Minimum Temperatures; IPCC AR4 Projects Warming and Aridity , 2.6 Projected Surface Temperature Changes for the Early and Late 21st Century Relative to the Period 1980-992.7 Temperature and Rainfall Changes over Africa (and the Arabian Peninsula) Based on 21 IPCC AR4 Models under the IPCC A1B Scenario; 2.8 Projected Climate Change for Late This Century; 2.9 Annual Mean Temperature Response in Africa in 2 out of 21 IPCC AR4 Models; 2.10 Changes in Rainfall Extremes Based on Multimodel Simulations from Nine Global Coupled Climate Models; Downscaled Projections Are Available for the Region; 2.5 Climate Models and Downscaling , 2.11 Example of the Benefit from High-Resolution Modeling , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-8213-9458-4

Sprache: Englisch

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URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-9459-5

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Umfang: xii, 380 pages : , illustrations ; , 28 cm.

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-280-08520-7 , 9786610085200 , 1-4175-2351-4

Serie: World Bank Latin American and Caribbean studies. Viewpoints

Anmerkung: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Summary -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Motivation and Conceptual Framework -- 1.1 A conceptual framework -- 1.2 The consequences of high inequality -- Part I: The Nature of Inequality in Latin America -- Chapter 2: Different Lives: Inequality in Latin America -- 2.1 Some conceptual issues -- 2.2 Income inequality and beyond -- 2.3 Measurement-related issues and data limitations -- 2.4 Inequality in Latin America in perspective -- 2.5 Looking inside household income -- 2.6 Inequality beyond income -- 2.7 Conclusions -- Chapter 3: Group-Based Inequalities: The Roles of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender -- 3.1 Who are the people of Latin America? -- 3.2 Inequality among individuals during the lifecycle -- 3.3 Would income inequality decline if returns to human capital were more equal? -- 3.4 Conclusions -- Part II: The Determinants of Inequality in Latin America -- Chapter 4: Historical Roots of Inequality in Latin America -- 4.1 Factor endowments, inequality, and institutions -- 4.2 The persistence of inequality: The colonial period -- 4.3 The persistence of inequality: Post-independence -- 4.4 The 20th century -- 4.5 The 21st century and beyond -- Chapter 5: State-Society Interactions as Sources of Persistence and Change in Inequality -- 5.1 Political and social structures as forces for the reproduction of inequality -- 5.2 The potential for equalizing political and social change -- 5.3 Conclusions -- Chapter 6: Economic Mechanisms for the Persistence of High Inequality in Latin America -- 6.1 Asset distributions: Education and land -- 6.2 Job match quality -- 6.3 Remuneration in the labor markets -- 6.4 Household formation -- 6.5 Conclusions -- Part III: Policies for Lower Inequality -- Chapter 7: Policies on Assets and Services -- 7.1 Education -- 7.2 Property rights, land, and housing. , 7.3 Infrastructure services and the distributional impact of privatization -- 7.4 Conclusions -- Chapter 8: Policies on Markets and Institutions -- 8.1 Markets and inequality -- 8.2 Labor market policies and inequality -- 8.3 Inequality and macroeconomic crises -- 8.4 Conclusions -- Chapter 9: Taxation, Public Expenditures, and Transfers -- 9.1 Taxes and distribution -- 9.2 Public social spending and distribution -- 9.3 Cash transfers and distribution -- 9.4 Conclusions -- Statistical Appendix -- Bibliography -- Boxes -- Chapter 1 -- 1.1 Measuring inequality of opportunities in Brazil -- Chapter 2 -- 2.1 Social class -- 2.2 Mobility in Latin America: What little is known? -- 2.3 Some simple decompositions -- 2.4 Social capital and trust -- 2.5 Disability and distribution -- Chapter 3 -- 3.1 Distribution of the population of the Americas: An historical evolution -- 3.2 Todos Contamos: National census and social inclusion -- 3.3 The challenge of racial, ethnic, and gender identification and measurement -- 3.4 What if we do hold "all else constant?" -- 3.5 Women's other job: Housework -- 3.6 Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methodology -- 3.7 Econometric methodology -- Chapter 5 -- 5.1 Racial inequality and social spending: Evidence from the United States and Europe -- 5.2 Clientelism and the underprovision of public services in the Dominican Republic -- 5.3 Are there political and social reasons for the contrast between Latin America and East Asia? -- 5.4 Political agency and the potential for redistributive strategy in rich countries: Lessons from the OECD -- 5.5 Increased equity through taxation and social spending in a democratic Chile -- 5.6 Failed redistributive efforts in a fragmented democracy: Social security reforms in Brazil -- 5.7 Neopopulism and policies on social funds in Peru. , 5.8 Transition at the sectoral level? Mexico's targeted antipoverty programs -- 5.9 Popular budgeting in Porto Alegre: Explaining a transition to a new political equilibrium -- 5.10 Local contexts and the transition from clientelism: Ibagué versus Pasto -- Chapter 6 -- 6.1 Schematic representation of household income determination -- Chapter 7 -- 7.1 Business elites and the fear of education: Is there a low-road trap? Evidence from northeastern Brazil and the southern U -- 7.2 Bilingual education: Preserving cultural heritage without being left behind -- 7.3 The poverty reduction potential of land in rural Mexico -- Chapter 8 -- 8.1 Alternative views on the potential impact of market-oriented reforms and inequality -- 8.2 The evolution of small-scale firms in the "Third Italy" -- 8.3 Unions, firms, and the expansion of high-value export crops in Petrolina-Juazeiro in northeastern Brazil -- 8.4 Institutions, macroeconomic policy, and volatility -- Chapter 9 -- 9.1 Do tax incidence numbers mean much? -- 9.2 Issues in the valuation of public services -- 9.3 Summarizing benefit incidence using Gini income elasticities (GIE) -- Figures -- Summary -- 1. Difference in average years of education between top and bottom quintiles for people 31-40 and 51-60, in 2000 -- 2. Trends in income inequality in Latin America between the early 1990s and early 2000s -- 3. The elasticity of poverty reduction with respect to growth for different levels of inequality -- 4. Wages of various groups in relation to the wages of white males -- 5. Marital sorting and income inequality -- 6. Distribution of mathematics and reading test scores for 15-year-olds in Brazil, Mexico, and OECD countries -- 7. Tax revenue in relation to GDP per capita -- 8. Average and marginal incidence of access to various health services. , 9. Targeting to the poor and reach among the poor for different types of programs in Brazil -- Chapter 1 -- (Box 1.1) Inequality of opportunities as a share of total inequality, 1996 -- 1.1 A simple conceptual framework -- 1.2 Perceptions of fairness regarding the income distribution in Latin America -- 1.3 Inequality and poverty with a constant mean -- 1.4 Growth elasticities become less negative with inequality -- Chapter 2 -- 2.1 Income shares by deciles (household per capita income) -- 2.2 Household per capita income distribution, excluding the richest 1 percent, Mexico, 2000 -- 2.3 Equivalized household income -- 2.4 Indices of aggregate welfare for Argentina under alternative assumptions of a society's aversion to inequality -- 2.5 Brazil's consumption inequality in international perspective -- 2.6 Distribution of household per capita income, per region, 1990s -- 2.7 Difference in average years of education between top and bottom quintiles, per country -- 2.8 Hourly wage gap between skilled and unskilled workers, men aged 25 to 55 -- 2.9 Hourly wage gap between semi-skilled and unskilled workers, men aged 25 to 55 -- 2.10 Increase in hourly wages for college-educated workers, men aged 25 to 55 -- 2.11 Labor market outcomes by gender -- 2.12 Ratio of number of children under age 12 years of age per household between bottom and top quintiles -- 2.13 School enrollment rates by age and country -- 2.14 Gaps in access to services, by country -- Chapter 3 -- (Box 3.1) The changing ethnic composition of the Americas -- 3.1 Completed primary education or less, by race, ethnicity, and gender -- 3.2 Proportion of workers in service or managerial occupations, by group and country -- 3.3 Wage gaps by race/ethnicity and gender -- 3.4 Urban gender wage gap-ratio of women's hourly wages to men's hourly wages. , (Box 3.7) a. Nonindigenous male vs. American Indian male (simulating earnings regression coefficients) -- (Box 3.7) b. Nonindigenous male vs. American Indian male (simulating only education) -- (Box 3.7) c. Nonindigenous male vs. American Indian male (simulating both a and b) -- 3.5 Actual and simulated earnings distributions for white and indigenous men in Bolivia -- 3.6 Actual and simulated earnings distributions for Indo-Guyanese men and women -- Chapter 5 -- 5.1 The syndrome of weak and unequal states: correlations between the rule of law and development outcomes -- 5.2 Political financing and its impact, by type -- 5.3 Impact of bribes in shaping policy, according to a survey of firms by a recipient group, Peru, 2001 -- 5.4 The rise and fall of the labor share in Argentina -- Chapter 6 -- 6.1 Income and education inequalities across countries -- 6.2 Lorenz curves of years of schooling, selected countries -- 6.3 Difference in mean incomes per hundredth of the mean-normalized distribution: U.S.-Brazil and U.S.-Brazil (with U.S. conditional distribution of education) -- 6.4 Income and land inequalities across countries -- 6.5 Labor force participation and inequality across countries -- 6.6 Unemployment and inequality across countries -- 6.7 Informality and inequality across countries -- 6.8 Returns on schooling and inequality across countries -- 6.9 Distribution of and returns on education explain some of the differences between income distributions -- 6.10 Marital sorting and inequality across countries -- 6.11 Youth dependency and inequality across countries -- 6.12 Old-age dependency and inequality across countries -- 6.13 The role of reproductive behavior in accounting for differences in income distribution between Brazil and the United States -- 6.14 Total public spending and income inequality. , 6.15 Public expenditure on primary education and income inequality. , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-8213-5665-8

Sprache: Englisch

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Umfang: 1 online resource (423 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9783031445842

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Charts -- List of Tables -- Part I Main Section: Between Stability and Transformation in the OSCE Region -- 1 Migration Policies in the OSCE Region -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Underlying Ideological Basis of Migration Policy -- 1.3 The Operative Frameworks of Migration of the OSCE and ODIHR -- 1.4 The Instrumentalization of Migration Policy as a Political Strategy -- 1.5 Differential Implementations of Migration Governance -- 1.5.1 The Cases of Mass Displacement of Ukrainian, Syrian, and Afghan Refugees -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Early Warning Models in the OSCE: Adoption and Re-invention -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Conflict Prevention and Early Warning -- 2.3 Constructivism, World Society Theory, and International Bureaucracies (IB) -- 2.4 International Organizations and World Cultural Models -- 2.4.1 World Cultural Model of Conflict Prevention and Early Warning -- 2.4.2 World Cultural Model of (Inter-Organizational) Cooperation -- 2.4.3 Bureaucratization in World Society -- 2.5 Construction of Conflict Early Warning in the OSCE -- 2.5.1 High Commissioner on National Minorities -- 2.5.2 Conflict Prevention Centre -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- 3 NATO and EU Strategic Security Environment -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Security Governance Approach -- 3.3 NATO's Strategic Concepts -- 3.4 The EU's Security Documents -- 3.5 NATO-EU Strategic Partnership on Security -- 3.6 Strategic Documents of the EU and NATO -- 3.7 The OSCE in European Security Governance -- 3.8 Conclusions -- 3.8.1 Deterrence and Defense -- 3.8.2 Crisis Prevention and Management -- 3.8.3 Cooperative Security -- References -- 4 Patterns of Border Disputes Amongst OSCE Countries -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Border Stability and Disputes -- 4.3 Methodological Approach -- 4.4 Findings -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References. , 5 Assessing Water (Ir)Rationality in Nagorno-Karabakh -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Real or Constructed "Wars Over Water" -- 5.3 Establishing Water Governance in the South Caucasus: Irrationality Prevails -- 5.4 Few Initiatives, Poor Chances of Success -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Vetting as a Tool for Strengthening Judicial Integrity in the OSCE Region -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Vetting as Means of Interference with Judicial Independence -- 6.3 Democracies with Systematic Rule of Law Deficiencies -- 6.4 International Standards-Towards a New Framework? -- 6.4.1 Transitional Justice Standards on the Vetting of Judges -- 6.4.2 Contemporary Standards on the Vetting of Judges -- 6.5 Serbia-The Vetting of Judges as a Rule of Law Violation -- 6.6 Vetting of the Vetters -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Human Rights Adjudication in Central Asia -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Kyrgyzstan: The 2010 Constitutional Chamber Reforms -- 7.2.1 Lowering the Status of International Human Rights Treaties -- 7.3 Kazakhstan: 2017 Constitutional Amendment Case -- 7.4 Tajikistan: 2016 Constitutional Amendment -- 7.5 Geopolitics and External Influence in Central Asia -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Human Rights and Social Media: Challenges and Opportunities for Human Rights Education -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The European Consensus on Freedom of Expression Throughout Eurasia -- 8.3 Intermediary Liability in the 2022 Digital Services Act -- 8.4 Digital Services Act (DSA) Package -- 8.5 Disinformation as a Crime -- 8.6 Lessons Learned and the Way Forward -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Digital Citizen Activism in Central Asia: Beyond Contestation and Cooperation -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Roles of Digital Activism in Autocracies -- 9.3 Networked Authoritarianism and Control of Digital Space. , 9.4 Digital Activism to Initiate Police Reform in Kazakhstan: Legitimation Instead of Cooperation -- 9.5 Urban Activism in Uzbekistan: Constrained Cooperation -- 9.6 Digital Activism in Tajikistan: Arrested Cooperation -- 9.7 Digital Activism in Central Asia -- 9.8 Conclusion -- Appendix A. Detailed List of Interviews Conducted -- References -- 10 The Dilemma of Good Governance Versus Power Grab in Georgia -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Hypothetical Approach -- 10.3 Political Elites as Role-Model? -- 10.4 The Georgian Reality -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Transformations of Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine Towards EU Membership -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The European Union Enlargement -- 11.3 Transformation in the Process of European Integration -- 11.3.1 Political Polarization in Georgia -- 11.3.2 Justice System and Rule of Law -- 11.3.3 Institutions and Elections -- 11.3.4 Anti-corruption Reforms -- 11.3.5 De-oligarchization -- 11.3.6 Fight Against Organized Crime -- 11.3.7 Free Media and Human Rights -- 11.4 Georgia's Current Challenges -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Backsliding Rule of Law and "Stabilitocracy" in Montenegro -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Long Transition -- 12.3 Political Hegemony and Rule of Law -- 12.4 The Rule of Law -- 12.5 Challenges to Maintaining the Rule of Law -- 12.6 'Highjacked' and Backsliding of Constitutional Norms -- 12.7 Conclusion -- References -- 13 OSCE Securitization and De-securitization-The Kosovo-Serbia Dialogue -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 An Era of Securitization: The Kosovo Crisis -- 13.2.1 The Role of the European Union -- 13.2.2 The Role of the United States of America -- 13.2.3 The Role of the Russian Federation -- 13.3 De-securitization: The Roles of Regional Actors -- 13.3.1 The European Union -- 13.3.2 The United States of America -- 13.3.3 The Russian Federation. , 13.4 Kosovo's Domestic Developments -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References -- Part II Special Section: Crisis, War and Conflict in Ukraine -- 14 Introduction to the Special Section -- References -- 15 Ukraine's European Integration in the Context of Russian Aggression -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 The Legal Framework of Ukraine's Cooperation with the EU -- 15.3 Ukraine`s Europeanization -- 15.4 Ukraine's EU Candidate Status: A Favor or Well-Deserved Reward? -- 15.5 Conclusion -- References -- 16 Italian Governments and Political Parties Vis-a-Vis the War in Ukraine -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Draghi's Government Vis-a-Vis War in Ukraine -- 16.3 Humanitarian and Economic Assistance -- 16.4 Meloni's Government Vis-a-Vis the War in Ukraine -- 16.5 Italy's Political Parties Vis-a-Vis the War in Ukraine -- 16.5.1 Fratelli d'Italia -- 16.5.2 The Lega -- 16.5.3 Forza Italia -- 16.5.4 Partito Democratico -- 16.5.5 Movimento Cinque Stelle -- 16.5.6 Italia Viva and Azione- Terzo Polo -- 16.6 Conclusion -- References -- 17 Shaping German Feminist Foreign Policy in Times of Conflict in Ukraine -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Feminist Foreign Policy in the Context of the War in Ukraine -- 17.3 Germany's Feminist Foreign Policy -- 17.4 German FFP and the Russo-Ukrainian Conflict -- 17.5 Discussion -- 17.6 Conclusion -- References -- 18 Polish Reactions to Russian Aggression Against Ukraine -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Polish Foreign Policy-Theoretical Framework -- 18.3 Poland and Ukraine Before the War-Foreign Policy Perspective -- 18.4 Reactions to Russia's Aggression in Poland -- 18.5 Humanitarian Power -- 18.6 Military Support and Alliances -- 18.7 Democratization of Ukraine and New Candidate for the EU -- 18.8 Conclusion -- References -- 19 German, French, and Polish Perspectives on the War in Ukraine -- 19.1 Introduction. , 19.2 A War of Aggression and European Perspectives -- 19.2.1 Germany: Between Commitment and Hesitation -- 19.2.2 France: The Long Shadow of Versailles -- 19.2.3 Poland: An Unconditional Ukrainian Military Victory -- 19.3 Conclusion -- References -- 20 Estonian Fears, Hopes, and Efforts-Russian War Against Ukraine -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Russia's Russkiy Mir and Near Abroad Ambitions -- 20.3 Russkiy Mir Concept and Soviet Nostalgia -- 20.4 Russian Versus Estonian: Narratives and Attitudes -- 20.4.1 Related Rise of Energy Costs and Inflation -- 20.5 Policy Trends in Estonia in 2022-2023 -- 20.5.1 Estonian Donations to Ukraine -- 20.5.2 Internal Activities: Deterrence and Information -- 20.6 Conclusion -- References -- 21 Greece's Response to Russia's War on Ukraine -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Greece's Policy: Continuity and Change -- 21.3 Framing Greece's Policy -- 21.3.1 Greeks in Ukraine -- 21.3.2 Greece's Power Considerations -- 21.3.3 Dismantling the Greek-Russian Relationship -- 21.3.4 Domestic Political Debate -- 21.4 Conclusion -- References -- 22 Tarafsız: Turkey's Impartial Stance Vis-a-Vis Russia's War Against Ukraine -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Turkey's Relations with Russia -- 22.3 Turkey's Relationship with Ukraine -- 22.4 Tarafsız: Turkey's Stance Vis-a-Vis the War -- 22.5 Turkey's Motives -- 22.6 Perceptions and Attitudes in Turkey -- 22.7 Conclusion -- References -- 23 The United Nations and the Russian-Ukrainian War -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 The UN's Non-prevention of a War Foretold -- 23.3 Intergovernmental Body Reactions -- 23.4 International Courts and Investigations -- 23.5 The Response of the UN Secretary-General and UN System Executives -- 23.6 Conclusion -- References -- 24 OSCE's Resilience in Times of War -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 The Resilience of International Organizations. , 24.3 International Organization's Resilience Vis-a-Vis Their Environment.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Mihr, Anja Polarization, Shifting Borders and Liquid Governance Cham : Springer,c2024 ISBN 9783031445835

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Aufsatzsammlung

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Umfang: 1 online resource (267 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-4473-6857-6

Serie: Ageing in a Global Context Series

Inhalt: How can we design, develop and adapt urban environments to better meet the needs of an increasingly diverse ageing population?  This book highlights the urgent need to address inequalities that shape the experience of ageing in urban environments, and demonstrates that despite obstacles, meaningful social change is achievable locally.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Reimagining Age-Friendly Communities: Urban Ageing and Spatial Justice -- Copyright information -- Contents -- Series editors' preface -- List of figures and tables -- Notes on contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Part I Background to urban ageing and spatial justice -- 1 A spatial justice approach to urban ageing research -- Introduction -- Background to the book: urban ageing and age-friendly cities -- What do we mean by 'spatial justice'? -- A spatial justice framework for age-friendly cities -- Aims and key research questions -- Origins of the book -- Outline of the book -- References -- 2 Developing age-friendly cities and communities: an international perspective -- Introduction -- Development of the age-friendly movement -- Key achievements of the age-friendly movement -- Placing ageing on the political agenda -- Gathering the support of multiple stakeholders, including older people -- Implementing a variety of initiatives for older people -- Developing this work in diverse contexts -- Challenges and future directions for the age-friendly movement -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Developing age-friendly policies for cities and city-regions during austerity, COVID-19 and beyond: strategies, challenges and reflections -- Introduction -- Demographic and social characteristics of Greater Manchester -- The evolution of age-friendly work in Manchester -- Towards a citizenship-based policy approach to ageing -- Better government for older people -- The Valuing Older People programme: 2000s -- A partnership-strategy with older people and citywide stakeholders -- Challenges facing work with older people -- Age-Friendly Manchester's participation in the WHO Global Network: 2010 onwards -- The development of age-friendly Greater Manchester -- The expansion of the age-friendly movement across the UK -- Challenges and limitations. , Conclusion -- References -- 4 Paying attention to inequalities in later life: a priority for urban ageing research and policy -- Introduction -- The patterning of inequality in later life -- The extent of socioeconomic inequalities in health in later life -- Gender inequalities in health in later life -- Ethnic inequalities in health in later life -- Place-based inequality -- Moving beyond description -- Investigating fundamental causes -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II Age-friendly interventions to promote spatial justice -- 5 Involving marginalised groups of older people in age-friendly programmes: lessons from the Ambition for Ageing programme -- Introduction -- Inequalities, diversity and age-friendly work -- Context of inequalities and diversity in Greater Manchester -- Different ways to facilitate co-production -- Centring learning and adapting -- Addressing the needs of geographically dispersed communities of identity or experience -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Developing age-friendly communities in areas of urban regeneration -- Introduction -- The erasure of older people from urban regeneration discourse -- The research in Collyhurst, Manchester -- Challenges for older residents in Collyhurst -- Recommendations for age-friendly urban regeneration: prioritising equitable development -- Acknowledging the history of urban neighbourhoods -- Supporting intergenerational justice -- Devising new ways of working with residents -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 Co-producing age-friendly community interventions: the Village model -- Introduction -- The Village model -- The Urban Villages project -- Selecting the areas -- The participatory approach -- Co-producing collaborative projects -- Overcoming challenges when using a co-production approach -- Individual capacity, trust and expectations -- Community capacity, leadership and sustainability. , Capacities of places -- Insights into co-production with older adults -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 Redesigning the age-friendly city: the role of architecture in addressing spatial ageism -- Introduction -- Architects and the age-friendly city -- Defining spatial ageism -- Participatory design and research in the age-friendly city -- Case study: developing age-friendly communities in Hulme and Moss Side, Manchester -- Context -- Creating a neighbourhood masterplan -- Developing resident-led projects -- Developing collaborative relationships between older people and local stakeholders -- A new role for architects -- Conclusion: tackling spatial ageism -- Notes -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 The role of community and voluntary organisations in creating spatially just age-friendly cities -- Introduction -- The shifting position of the third sector -- Researching the community and voluntary sector during the pandemic -- The role of community organisations in supporting age-friendly communities -- Expert knowledge of community needs -- Creating spaces of social connection -- Opportunities for social support and participation -- Pressures on community organisations -- Digital exclusion -- New inequalities and complexity of needs -- Stretched resources -- Moving forward: developing community-centred approaches for greater spatial justice -- Investment in community-based services -- Physical and institutional infrastructure -- Engaging vulnerable groups -- Conclusion -- References -- Part III Reimagining age-friendly communities -- 10 Ageing in the margins: exploring experiences of precarity in urban environments -- Introduction -- Applying a precarity lens to urban ageing research -- Experiences of precarity in urban areas -- The Chinese community in the UK -- Precarity and older refugees -- Older people living in areas of gentrification. , Emancipatory methods to co-produce knowledge with marginalised communities -- Co-producing a comic book with older refugees -- Co-producing films with older people about the impact of gentrification -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Dismantling and rebuilding praxis for Age-Friendly Cities and Communities: towards an emancipatory approach -- Introduction -- Guiding documents for the WHO's 'Age-Friendly World' -- Critical analysis -- Beyond social planning towards a plurality of approaches to community change -- Beyond quantitative metrics towards other ways to characterise communities -- Beyond older adults' participation and involvement towards co-production and allyship -- Towards an emancipatory AFCC approach and a 'different suite of tools' -- Conclusion -- Note -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12 Conclusion: reimagining age-friendly cities and communities -- Introduction -- Urban ageing and spatial justice -- Incorporating diversity, equity and co-production in urban ageing research -- Embracing diversity -- A focus on equity -- Centring older people -- Reimagining age-friendly cities and communities -- References -- Afterword -- Principles and practices for work with older people -- References -- Index.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 1-4473-6854-1

Sprache: Englisch

Fachgebiete: Geographie

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books. ; Electronic books.

DOI: 10.56687/9781447368571

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Umfang: 1 online resource (1 online resource 190 p.)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-4473-3048-X

Inhalt: EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC licence. This book provides an accessible analysis of what gender equality means and how we can achieve it by adapting best practices in childcare and long term care policies from other countries.

Anmerkung: What are the ideas, institutions and actors that make these models work? , Description based upon print version of record. , What could make it likely that transferring the Partnership Model would fail to deliver improved gender equality? -- Which model, and which aspects of that model, should policymakers invest in to stand the greatest chance of improving gender equality? -- Five Long-term care and gender equality -- Introduction -- Universal Model of long-term care provision -- Partnership Model of long-term care provision -- How do these models lead to better gender equality? -- How do the different elements of these models work? -- The Universal Model -- The Partnership Model , What aspects of these models could be transferred to other national contexts? -- What do we know about policy transfer? Which policies are likely to fail or succeed in different contexts, and why? -- Which elements of the Universal Model could be successfully transferred and lead to improved gender equality? -- What could make it likely that transferring the Universal Model would fail to deliver improved gender equality? -- Which elements of the Partnership Model could be successfully transferred and lead to improved gender equality? , Four Childcare and gender equality -- Introduction -- Universal Model of childcare provision -- Partnership Model of childcare policy -- How do these models lead to better gender equality? -- How do the different elements of these models work? -- The Universal Model -- The Partnership Model -- What are the ideas, institutions and actors that make these models work? -- The Universal Model -- The Partnership Model -- What could make these models not work to improve gender equality? -- The Universal Model -- The Partnership Model , Childcare, long-term care and gender equality -- Responsibilities of the state, the market, communities, families and individuals -- Advantages -- Drawbacks -- Key lessons and transferable features -- Notes of caution -- Achieving gender equity? -- Summary -- Three The Partnership Model of care policy -- Introduction -- Germany -- The Netherlands -- Childcare, long-term care and gender equality -- Responsibilities of the state, the market, communities, families and individuals -- Advantages -- Drawbacks -- Key transferable features -- Notes of caution -- Achieving gender equity? -- Summary , Front Cover -- What Works in Improving Gender Equality: International Best Practice in Childcare and Long-term Care Policy -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- List of Tables -- One Gender equality and care policy: why look comparatively? -- How to use this book -- What do we mean by gender equality? -- Childcare and gender equality -- Long-term care and gender equality -- Why look at policies comparatively? -- A note on methods and findings -- Two The Universal Model of care policy -- Introduction -- Denmark -- Iceland -- Sweden , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 1-4473-3051-X

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 1-4473-3049-8

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books.

DOI: 10.56687/9781447330493

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Umfang: xxvii, 369 pages : , illustrations, map ; , 28 cm.

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-8213-7164-9

Serie: Agriculture and rural development

Inhalt: The Forests Source Book provides practical operations-oriented guidance for forest sector engagement toward the goals of poverty reduction, conservation and economic development. Intended to guide World Bank lending activities and projects, the Forests Source Book offers information useful to a broad audience of practitioners, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations. The Source Book was developed in partnership with members of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests, including the Food and Agriculture Organization. The Source Book provides background on key issues, lessons lea

Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record. , Contents; Boxes; Figures; Tables; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; A User's Guide to the Forests Sourcebook; Introduction Opportunities and Challenges in the Forest Sector; Why the Potential of Forests Has Not Been Fully Harnessed; 1 Main Causes of Deforestation, by World Region, 1990-2000; Unlocking Forests' Potential; 2 Community Ownership and Administration of Forests; The World Bank's Approach to the Forest Sector; The World Bank's Lending to the Sector; 3 Commitment from the World Bank, GEF, and the IFC for Forests, FY01 to FY07 , 4 IBRD/IDA and GEF Forestry-Related Lending, Including Forest Components in Nonforest Projects, 1997-20065 Amount of IBRD/IDA Forestry Lending by Region, FY01-FY05; Progress to Date; 6 Regional Distribution of IBRD/IDA Lending, 2001-05; The Challenge Ahead; Notes; Purpose of the Forests Sourcebook; References Cited; Part I Priority Themes and Operational Aspects; Box 1.1 What Do We Mean by Poverty?; Chapter 1 Forests for Poverty Reduction; 1.1 Changing Linkages between Forests and Poverty , Box 1.2 The Role of Forests in Benefiting the Rural Poor: An Example from the World Bank's China Loess Plateau Watershed Rehabilitation Project1.3 Forests for Poverty Alleviation: World Bank Albania Forestry Project; 1.4 Poverty-Forest Linkages Toolkit; 1.5 Entry Points for Reassessing Poverty-Forest Linkages: The Example of Indonesia; 1.6 An Overview of the Tools for Gathering Information at the Village or Community Level; 1.7 Livelihood Analysis in Busongo, Tanzania; 1.8 Identifying Opportunities for Getting Poverty-Forest Linkages into Data-Collection Systems: Example from Tanzania , 1.9 Community Forestry Models around the World1.10 Different Degrees of Devolution of Forest Management to Communities; 1.11 Improving Equity and Governance and Addressing Elite Capture in Nepal; 1.12 Andhra Pradesh Community Forestry Management Project; 1.13 The Forest Sector in Cameroon; 1.14 Community Forestry in Mexico; 1.15 Brazil Santa Catarina Natural Resource Management and Rural Poverty Reduction Project; 1.16 India Andhra Pradesh Community Forestry Management Project; 1.17 Mexico First and Second Community Forestry Projects; 1.18 Typology of Property Rights , 1.1 Toward Tenure Security: Actors and Actions1.19 Characteristics of Secure Community Tenure; 1.20 Examples of Potentially Pro- Poor Approaches to Tenure Reform in Forests; 1.21 Opportunities to Advance Community Tenure Security: A Summary; 1.2 Forest Market Development Strategy for Low-Income Producers; 1.22 Overcoming Barriers to Pro- Poor Forestry in Honduras; 1.23 Market Analysis and Development in Community Forests of The Gambia; 1.24 Strategic Partnerships in Southern Africa; 1.25 Medicinal Plants as NTFPs in India and Nepal , Chapter 2 Engaging the Private Sector in Forest Sector Development , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-8213-7163-0

Sprache: Englisch

URL: Volltext

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URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-7163-3