Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 12 S.

Series Statement: Center for Economic Studies 〈München〉: CESifo working paper series 294

Content: This paper envisages economies of scale - or rather, diseconomies of low scale - caused in small nations by a sometimes acute shortage of talent and to indivisibility of teams: for example, a small country such as Iceland or Luxembourg cannot participate in an international football tournament with only three players, even if they are exceptionally gifted. After devising a few models the author tests them on sports (especially on Olympic results). He finds that, indeed, the comparative superiority of large nations is to be found in (especially large) team events. Several results are significant at the 0.001 significance level. He concludes by suggesting the establishment of institutions similar to customs unions: a European Sport Associations United (ESAU) could fight with some hope the giants of today and tomorrow (China, India, etc).

Language: English

Subjects: Economics

Keywords: Economies of scale ; Sport ; Kleinstaat ; Fiktionale Darstellung

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 83 Seiten) , Illustrationen

Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9028

Content: In many low- and middle-income countries, young children learn a mother tongue or indigenous language at home before entering the formal education system where they will need to understand and speak a country's official language(s). Thus, assessments of children before school age, conducted in a nation's official language, may not fully reflect a child's development, underscoring the importance of test translation and adaptation. To examine differences in vocabulary development by language of assessment, this study adapted and validated instruments to measure developmental outcomes, including expressive and receptive vocabulary. This study assessed 505 children ages 2 to 6 in rural communities in Western Kenya with comparable vocabulary tests in three languages: Luo (the local language or mother tongue), Swahili, and English (official languages) at two time points, five to six weeks apart, between September 2015 and October 2016. Younger children responded to the expressive vocabulary measure exclusively in Luo much more frequently than did older children: 44-59 percent of those ages 2 to 4, compared to 20-21 percent of those ages 5 to 6. Baseline receptive vocabulary scores in Luo and Swahili were strongly associated with receptive vocabulary in English at follow-up, even after controlling for English vocabulary at baseline: a multivariate regression of follow-up English vocabulary on standardized measures of receptive vocabulary in all three languages yields an estimate, for Luo, of ? = 0.26, SE = 0.05, p 〈 0.001; and for Swahili, ? = 0.10, SE = 0.05, p = 0.032. The study also found that parental Luo literacy at baseline was associated with child English vocabulary at follow-up, while parental English literacy at baseline was not: a multivariate regression on both measures, along with household controls, yielded, for Luo, ? = 0.11, SE = 0.05, p = 0.045; the coefficient on English was not statistically significantly distinguishable from zero (p = 0.18). The findings suggest that multilingual testing is essential to understanding the developmental environment and cognitive growth of multilingual children

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Knauer, Heather A Multilingual Assessment of Early Child Development: Analyses from Repeated Observations of Children in Kenya Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019

Language: English

Keywords: Graue Literatur

DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9028

URL: lizenzpflichtig

URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (90 pages)

ISBN: 1-64802-352-5

Series Statement: Quarterly Review of Distance Education - Journal

Note: Front Cover -- Quarterly Review of Distance Education Editors and Editorial Board -- Anymir Orellana Editor -- Vanaja Nethi Assistant Editor -- Department Editors -- International -- Ray J. Amirault, Illinois State University -- Michelle Rogers-Estable, SUNY Oneonta -- Deborah Seepersaud, Barry University -- Editorial Board -- Contents -- Statement of Purpose -- Creating Accessible and Inclusive Online Learning -- Moving Beyond Compliance and Broadening the Discussion -- Patrick R. Lowenthal Krista Greear -- Boise State University Blackboard -- Michael Humphrey Alison Lowenthal -- Boise State University Idaho Division of Vocational Rehabilitation -- Quincy Conley Lisa A. Giacumo -- A.T. Still University Boise State University -- Joanna C. Dunlap -- University of Colorado Denver -- Accessibility is a hot topic in online education these days. Despite the increased focus on accessibility, most discussions of creating "accessible" online courses and elearning simply focus on adding alternative text to images and captions to vi... -- Introduction -- Background -- Disability Laws and Guidelines -- The Americans With Disabilities Act -- Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504 & -- 508 -- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines -- 1. WCAG 2.0 Level A: "color is not used as the sole method of conveying content or distinguishing visual elements." This means that if the color represents something specific (e.g., within a map), there needs to be another way that information is... -- 2. WCAG 2.0 Level AA: web content should have a "color contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1." This becomes especially applicable in multimedia, and text and graphics are often overlayed, frequently seen in PowerPoints or Google Slides. , 3. WCAG 2.0 Level AAA: "a sign language video is provided for all media content that contains audio" (W3C, 1999, 2008, 2018). While it would be ideal for all videos to include a sign language companion, most schools do not do this as a standard p... -- Supporting All Learners -- Learners With High Needs Learning Online -- STRATEGIES FOR MAKING ONLINE LEARNING ACCESSIBLE, USABLE, AND INCLUSIVE FOR ALL -- Accessible and Usable Courses and Content -- Auditory Content That Must Be Consumed With Sight -- Visual Content That Must Be Consumed by Sound or Touch -- Table 1 -- Accessibility Checklists and Resources -- Accessible and Inclusive Pedagogy and Course Design -- Multiple Means of Engagement -- Multiple Means of Representation -- Multiple Means of Assessment -- Create Transparent Assignments -- Consistent and User-Friendly Design -- Modularize Course Content -- Improve Readability by Simplifying Language -- Attend to Social Presence and Community Building -- Accessible and Inclusive Teaching -- Get to Know Learners -- Regular and Equitable Interaction -- Timely Feedback -- Monitor Learner Progress -- Synchronous Communication -- Remaining Flexible -- Implications and Conclusion -- References -- The Effect of Distance Education on Information Literacy Case Study -- Iran -- Mohsen Keshavarz -- Department of Medical Sciences Education Development, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran -- Information literacy lies at the core of lifelong learning. It empowers people in all ages of life to seek, evaluate, use, and create information effectively on their personal, social, occupational, and educational goals. It is a fundamental human ri... -- Introduction -- Background and Importance of the Study -- Information Literacy and E-Learning -- The Relationship Between Information Literacy and Entrepreneurship. , 1. The role and impact of information literacy on the development of personality traits that are considered essentials for entrepreneurship, such as creativity, risk- taking, persuasive achievement, and independence. -- 2. The role of information literacy in the process of carrying out an economic activity based on new technologies in the current information society, and contributing to the realization of the concept of knowledge-based entrepreneurship. -- A Brief History of Distance Education -- Methodology -- Research Goal and Questions -- 1. What is the level of the determination of the nature of the information of distance education students at the University of Tehran? -- 2. What is the level of effective access to information about distance education students at the University of Tehran? -- 3. What is the level of critical assessment of distance education students at the University of Tehran? -- 4. What is the level of targeted use of Information on distance education students at the University of Tehran? -- Instruments and Methods -- Figure 1 -- Findings -- Table 1 -- Distribution of the Participants Based on Their Gender -- 23 -- 23% -- 26/16 -- 0.001 -- 77 -- 77% -- 100 -- 100% -- Table 2 -- Descriptive Statistics (Dispersion and Central Index) of Information Literacy Variable in Control and Experimental Groups -- 8/12 -- 2/11 -- 1 -- 0 -- 50 -- 0.30 -- 8/89 -- 2/31 -- 1 -- 0 -- 50 -- 0.33 -- 32/88 -- 2/76 -- 1 -- 0 -- 50 -- 0.39 -- 36/32 -- 3/15 -- 1 -- 0 -- 50 -- 0.45 -- Table 3 -- The Results of the Levene Test for Homogeneity of Variance Error -- 98 -- 1 -- 2/22 -- 0.041 -- Table 4 -- Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test -- 0.175 -- Figure 3 -- Table 6 -- The Test of the Effect of Within Variables -- 1 -- 0.001 -- 1 -- 0.857 -- 1 -- 0.001 -- 1 -- 0.001 -- 1 -- 0.001 -- 1 -- 0.857 -- 98 -- - -- - -- 98 -- - -- - -- 1 -- - -- - -- - -- 1 -- - -- - -- -. , 99 -- - -- - -- - -- 99 -- - -- - -- - -- Table 7 -- The Results of Analysis for T Test -- 0.80 -- 0.44 -- 1.45 -- 0.91 -- 49 -- 3.44 -- 0.59 -- 5.81 -- 0. 001 -- 49 -- Figure 4 -- Table 8 -- The Analysis of Factors of Information Literacy Variable -- 0.38 -- 1.90 -- Weak -- 0.10 -- 0.08 -- 2.87 -- 0.019 -- 0.75 -- 3.75 -- Strong -- 0.09 -- 0.39 -- 1.95 -- Weak -- 0.13 -- 0.48 -- 2.40 -- Weak -- 0.14 -- 0.39 -- 1.95 -- Weak -- 0.14 -- 0.07 -- 4.23 -- 0.001 -- 0.85 -- 4.25 -- Strong -- 0.10 -- 0.35 -- 1.75 -- Weak -- 0.11 -- 0.48 -- 2.40 -- Weak -- 0.21 -- 0.22 -- 1.10 -- Very weak -- 0.10 -- 0.11 -- 2.61 -- 0.038 -- 0.72 -- 3.60 -- Strong -- 0.08 -- 0.29 -- 1.45 -- Very weak -- 0.07 -- 0.42 -- 2.10 -- Weak -- 0.04 -- 0.43 -- 2.15 -- Weak -- 0.06 -- 0.06 -- 2.12 -- 0.041 -- 0.83 -- 4.15 -- Strong -- 0.10 -- 0.39 -- 1.95 -- Weak -- 0.18 -- 0.49 -- 2.45 -- Weak -- 0.14 -- 0.22 -- 1.10 -- Very weak -- 0.17 -- 0.05 -- 0.79 -- 0.75 -- 0.56 -- 2.80 -- Medium -- 0.12 -- 0.21 -- 1.05 -- Very weak -- 0.07 -- 0.52 -- 2.60 -- Medium -- 0.13 -- Conclusion and Discussion -- Research Recommendations -- Research limitations -- 1. Due to faculty entrepreneurship courses at Tehran University being nondirect, getting access to students and the data collection was very difficult and time- consuming. -- 2. The effects of intervening variables as students were completing questionnaires (internet outage during the online completing of the questionnaire) -- 3. The number of questions in the questionnaire (49 questions were a lot). -- References -- Appendix 1 -- Information Literacy Questionnaire According to the American College and Research Libraries Association standard -- SECTION I -- SECTION II -- 1. What is the most important reason for choosing your research topic (Select one option)?. , 2. If one of the lecturers asks you to write an analytical essay on "FAO" if you are not familiar with it which of the following sources gives you the best background or background information? (Select one option) -- 3. If you need to narrow down your research topic (examining the relationship between self-efficacy and organizational entrepreneurship), who is the most qualified person to consult? (You can select more than one option) -- 4. Which are the best keywords to search the following query and find the results in Word format? (Select one option) -- 5. Which of the following is relevant to the official stages of publishing an idea? (You can select more than one option) -- 6. Which of the following sources of knowledge are generally organized to facilitate access to the information? (Select one option) -- 7. Which of the following sources can be used as the most appropriate source for identifying journal articles? (Select one option) -- 8. Management Knowledge Research Journal is a publication of the Institute of Public Administration. In this work, research papers on the topic of public administration are published. Specify the type of this work. (Select one option) -- 9. Which of the following sources selects, arranges, and presents relevant information from texts in a particular field? (Select one option) -- 10. If you need a book that only has one copy in the library and one copy has been borrowed into another someone, how can you borrow another copy? (Select one option) -- 11. If the book you want is borrowed by someone else and you need bibliographic information. What works best at this time? (Select one option) -- 12. To help you with your search on the topic of "Strategic Planning" there are many articles that cover different aspects of this topic. What is the best thing at this time? (Select one option). , 13. Which of the following tools should you choose when identifying valid journal articles on the subject of EFQM? (Select one option).

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-64802-351-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xii, 228 pages).

ISBN: 9781510622944

Series Statement: Tutorial texts in optical engineering ; volume TT 119

Content: Practical Optical Dimensional Metrology provides basic explanations of the operation and application of the most common methods in the field and in commercial use. The first half of the book presents a working knowledge of the mechanism and limitations of optical dimensional measurement methods that use: light level changes, two-dimensional imaging, triangulation, structured-light patterns, interference patterns, optical focus, light characteristics such as polarization, and hybrid methods with mechanical or other measurement tools. The book concludes with a series of manufacturing application examples that look at measurements from the centimeter range down to the nanometer range.

Note: "SPIE Digital Library."--Website. , Preface -- 1. Introduction to metrology: 1.1. Basic terms; 1.2. Methods of optical metrology; References -- 2. Light-intensity-based metrology: 2.1. Light, optics, and machine vision technology; 2.2. Where to use intensity-based methods; 2.3. Sources of errors; References -- 3. Triangulation and shift-based metrology: 3.1. Stereo imaging; 3.2. Active triangulation; 3.3. 3D phase-based measurements; 3.4. Summary of triangulation and phase shift methods; References -- 4. Focus-based optical metrology: 4.1. Introduction to focus-based methods; 4.2. Point-based distance measurement; 4.3. Area-based focus metrology methods; 4.4. Focus-based metrology summary; References -- 5. Light-characteristic-based dimensional measurements: 5.1. Introduction to light characteristics; 5.2. Polarization-based dimensional metrology; 5.3. Light-scatter-based measurements; 5.4. Color-based measurements; References -- 6. Portable and hybrid gages: 6.1. Introduction to portable and hybrid gages; 6.2. Measurement of large structures; 6.3. Measurement of mid- to large-size durable assets; 6.4. High-precision hybrid systems; 6.5. Summary of hybrid gages; References -- 7. Finding the right technology for the application: 7.1. Introduction; 7.2. Low-precision applications ,10 mm; 7.3. Large objects and assemblies ,1 mm; 7.4. General manufacturing applications ,0.1 mm; 7.5. Precision manufactured parts ,0.01 mm; 7.6. Micro-feature metrology ,0.001 mm; 7.7. Nano-features ,0.0001 mm; 7.8. Summary of application comparisons -- , 8. Part location: 8.1. Part location applications; 8.2. Large parts measured to ,10-mm resolution; 8.3. Composite layup monitoring; 8.4. Part location summary of options; References -- 9. Optimized measurement of gaps: 9.1. The application ,0.1 mm; 9.2. Elimination of methods that are not suitable; 9.3. Laser line triangulation; 9.4. 3D triangulation; 9.5. Chromatic confocal method; 9.6. Comparison tests; 9.7. Comparison of methods; 9.8. Summary of options; References -- 10. Measurement of small holes: 10.1. The application ,0.01 mm; 10.2. Laser line structured light (static); 10.3. Scanning-laser-line or multiple-laser-line probe; 10.4. Phase-shifted structured light; 10.5. Conoscopic point probe; 10.6. Confocal point probe; 10.7. Digital optical comparator (2D); 10.8. Depth from focus microscopy; 10.9. Depth from defocus microscopy; 10.10. Summary of options; References -- 11. Three-dimensional metrology for printed electronics: 11.1. The application ,0.001 mm; 11.2. Laser line structured light (static); 11.3. Phase-shifted structured light; 11.4. Confocal point probes; 11.5. Depth from focus or defocus microscopy; 11.6. Artifact-based verification; 11.7. Conclusions; References -- 12. Industrial surface finish method comparison for fine finish measurements: 12.1. The application ,0.0001 mm; 12.2. Interferometry; 12.3. Focus-based systems; 12.4. Confocal systems; 12.5. Scatter-based systems; 12.6. Comparison of methods; 12.7. Summary of options; References -- Index. , Also available in print version. , Mode of access: World Wide Web. , System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Additional Edition: Print version ISBN 1510622934

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781510622937

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books.

DOI: 10.1117/3.2513685

URL: SPIE

UID:

Format: 301 S. 4"

Note: [Russ.]

Language: Undetermined

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (27-62 p.)

ISBN: 9789585583214

Content: The validation of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) was carried out. In the first, a potassium acid phthalate standard and a spectrophotometric detection method were used, and for the second, the reading of samples was implemented by membrane electrode, a standard glutamic acid-glucose solution and incubation for 5 days at 20 ± 1ºC. Parameters were determined as linearity, precision, accuracy, sensitivity, limit of detection and quantification. It was demonstrated through experimental design and statistical procedures that methods can be used with sensitivity and confidence. Detection and quantification limits of 46.2 and 100 mg/L for COD and 2.78 and 4.71 mg / L for BOD were reached. In both tests a coefficient of variation for repeatability and reproducibility between 0.001 - 0.055% and 0.001 - 0.022% was evidenced; in accuracy, error and recovery percentages were obtained between 0.04 - 3.39% and 95.0 and 103% respectively

Content: Se realizó la validación de la Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO) y Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno (DBO). En la primera se utilizó estándar de ftalato ácido de potasio y un método de detección espectrofotométrico y para la segunda, se implementó la lectura de muestras por electrodo de membrana, una solución estándar de glucosa-ácido glutámico e incubación por cinco días a 20±1ºC. Se determinaron parámetros como linealidad, precisión, exactitud, sensibilidad, límite de detección y cuantificación. Se demostró mediante el diseño experimental y los procedimientos estadísticos que se pueden emplear los métodos con sensibilidad y confianza. Se alcanzaron límites de detección y cuantificación de 46.2 y 100 mg/L para DQO y 2.78 y 4.71 mg/L para DBO. En ambas pruebas se evidenció un coeficiente de variación para repetibilidad y reproducibilidad entre el 0.001 - 0.055% y 0.001 - 0.022%; en la exactitud se obtuvieron porcentajes de error y recuperación entre el 0.04 - 3.39% y 95.0 y 103% respectivamente

Note: Spanish

Language: Undetermined

URL: kostenfrei

UID:

Format: 20 p

ISSN: 1995-2899

Content: We evaluate techniques for comparing the ability of Markov regime switching (MRS) models to fit underlying regimes of a series of interest. This is particularly important in the business cycle literature where one may be interested in determining whether using leading indicators to allow transition probabilities to vary improves the ability of MRS models to fit the NBER business cycle chronology. This is typically done using the quadratic probability score, or QPS (Diebold and Rudebusch, 1989). Although it is possible to statistically compare the QPS statistics for two MRS models using the Diebold and Mariano (1995) (DM) test statistic for comparing forecasts, we find using a Monte Carlo experiment that the DM statistic tends to under-reject (the null of "no difference in forecast accuracy") when comparing MRS models. This we believe is because of the strong non-normality of the forecast errors of such models. Furthermore, using simulation-based inference we demonstrate that leading indicators improve the fit of an MRS model of the US business cycle chronology by 24 percent, such improvement having a p-value of 0.001.

In: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis, Paris : OECD, 2008, Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 79-98, 1995-2899

Language: English

DOI: 10.1787/jbcma-v2007-art4-en

URL: Volltext

URL: lizenzpflichtig

UID:

Format: 33 p. ; , 20 x 27cm.

ISBN: 9789289336451

Series Statement: TemaNord,

Content: Environmental fate and effect of ZPT, a booster biocide in anti-fouling paints for boats has been studied. Using a new analytical method for simultaneous determination of zinc- and copper pyrithione (ZPT/CPT) showed that up to 50% of added nominal ZPT was tranchelated to CPT at ambient seawater copper concentrations. Both compounds are photodegradable, with half-lives between 7 to 45 minutes depending on light intensities. At lower light intensities, i.e. in natural waters containing organic matter, and in the dark, the compounds are stable for 〉 48 hours. The toxicity of ZPT and CPT varied between EC50-values of 1.6-60 nM for pelagic bacteria, algae and zooplankton communities. ZPT and CPT affected the benthic community nutrient cycling at concentrations over 0.001 nmol/g dry sediment, especially cycling of nitrogen. Since ZPT in boat-paint will be tranchelated to the more stable, and for the pelagic community more toxic compound CPT when released into the marine environment, CPT should be included in future risk assessment of ZPT.

Note: Summary -- References (external) -- Introduction -- Aims and Approach -- Results -- References -- Preface.

Language: English

URL: https://doi.org/10.6027/TN2005-550

URL: Volltext

URL: lizenzpflichtig

UID:

Format: XIX, 104 p. 77 illus., 74 illus. in color. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 2023.

ISBN: 9783031380280

Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology,

Content: This book contains detailed information about the traditional rainwater structures. Harvesting rainwater is becoming as a practical adaptation strategy for urban areas that are vulnerable to climate alteration. In the past, rainwater harvesting was more significant than it is today. Studies show that a variety of traditional and age-old rainwater gathering techniques were created or put into use in reaction to earlier climate change incidents. According to history, both floods and droughts were frequent occurrences in ancient India. Perhaps this explains why each region of the nation has its own traditional water gathering practices that are representative of the local physical and cultural diversity. All of these methods can be seen as a concept of harvesting rain whenever and wherever it falls. Water makes up 70.9 % of the Earth's surface, mainly in the form of oceans and seas. Water is found in modest proportions as 1.7 % groundwater, 1.7 % glaciers and ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland, vapour, clouds (ice and liquid water suspended in air), and 0.001% precipitation in the air. Evaporation, transpiration, evapo-transpiration, condensation, precipitation, root absorption, percolation, infiltration, base flow and runoff are processes that water goes through on its way to the sea.

Note: Introduction -- Traditional Rainwater Harvesting -- Traditional Rainwater Harvesting in India -- Management of Rainwater Structures -- Conclusions -- References.

In: Springer Nature eBook

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031380273

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031380297

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031380303

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38028-0

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38028-0

URL: lizenzpflichtig

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (92 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-61470-229-2

Series Statement: Materials science and technologies

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Intro -- MECHANICAL VIBRATION METHODS FOR STUDYING PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID MATERIALS -- MECHANICAL VIBRATION METHODS FOR STUDYING PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID MATERIALS -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION -- Chapter 2 PRELIMINARY -- Abstract -- A. Elasticity -- B. Mechanical Vibration -- Chapter 3 PREVIOUS RESEARCH -- Abstract -- A. Internal Friction of Lead -- B. Internal Friction of Quartz -- C. Internal Friction of Crystals under Pressure -- D. Internal Friction of Solid Helium -- E. Melting of Helium Crystal -- F. Melting of Ice Crystal -- G. Internal Friction in Normal-Conducting Aluminum -- H. Internal Friction in Superconducting Aluminum -- I. Higher-Order Elastic Constants -- J. Sound-Sound Interaction -- K. Nonlinear Elasticity in Whiskers -- Chapter 4 RECENT RESEARCH -- Abstract -- A. Viscosity of Inorganic and Organic Glasses -- f~0 Hz -- B. Internal Friction of Polystyrene -- f=0.001~10 Hz -- C. Internal Friction of Various Metallic Glasses -- f~1 Hz -- D. Internal Friction of Metallic Glass -- f~1 Hz -- E. Internal Friction of Metallic Glass -- f=0.2~25 Hz -- F. Acoustic Measurements in Polystyrene -- f = 5 MHz, 10 GHz -- References -- Index -- Blank Page. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-61728-286-3

Language: English