Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: XVIII, 604 p. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 1986.

ISBN: 9783642827211

Series Statement: Springer Series in Surface Sciences, 6

Content: Surface crystallography plays the same fundamental role in surface science which bulk crystallography has played so successfully in solid-state physics and chemistry. The atomic-scale structure is one of the most important aspects in the understanding of the behavior of surfaces in such widely diverse fields as heterogeneous catalysis, microelectronics, adhesion, lubrication, cor­ rosion, coatings, and solid-solid and solid-liquid interfaces. Low-Energy Electron Diffraction or LEED has become the prime tech­ nique used to determine atomic locations at surfaces. On one hand, LEED has yielded the most numerous and complete structural results to date (almost 200 structures), while on the other, LEED has been regarded as the "technique to beat" by a variety of other surface crystallographic methods, such as photoemission, SEXAFS, ion scattering and atomic diffraction. Although these other approaches have had impressive successes, LEED has remained the most productive technique and has shown the most versatility of application: from adsorbed rare gases, to reconstructed surfaces of sem­ iconductors and metals, to molecules adsorbed on metals. However, these statements should not be viewed as excessively dogmatic since all surface­ sensitive techniques retain untapped potentials that will undoubtedly be explored and exploited. Moreover, surface science remains a multi-technique endeavor. In particular, LEED never has been and never will be self­ sufficient. LEED has evolved considerably and, in fact, has reached a watershed.

Note: 1. The Relevance and Historical Development of LEED -- 1.1 The Relevance of Surface Crystallography -- 1.2 The Historical Development of LEED -- 2. The LEED Experiment -- 2.1 General Features of LEED Experiments -- 2.2 Sample Mounting -- 2.3 Electron Gun and Display System -- 2.4 Methods of Data Acquisition -- 2.5 Instrumental Response Function -- 2.6 Determination of Angle of Incidence -- 2.7 Determination of the Debye Temperature -- 3. Ordered Surfaces: Structure and Diffraction Pattern -- 3.1 Two-Dimensional Periodicity and the LEED Pattern -- 3.2 Superlattices at Surfaces -- 3.3 Stepped and Kinked Surfaces -- 3.4 Symmetries and Domains at Surfaces -- 3.5 Interpretation of LEED Patterns -- 4. Kinematic LEED Theory and Its Limitations -- 4.1 Definition of Kinematic Theory -- 4.2 The Kinematic Structure Factor for Ordered Surfaces -- 4.3 The Scattering Processes in LEED -- 4.4 The Elastic Scattering Potential -- 4.5 Atomic Scattering -- 4.6 The Inner Potential and the Muffin-Tin Constant -- 4.7 Temperature Effects -- 4.8 From Kinematic to Dynamical LEED -- 5. Dynamical LEED Theory -- 5.1 Multiple Scattering -- 5.2 Diffraction in Crystalline Lattices -- 5.3 Multiple Scattering in the Spherical-Wave Representation - Self-Consistent Formalism -- 5.4 Perturbation Expansion of Multiple Scattering in the Spherical-Wave Representation: Reverse-Scattering Perturbation (RSP) Method -- 5.5 Diffraction by a Stack of Layers: Transfer-Matrix and Bloch-Wave Method -- 5.6 Diffraction by a Stack of Layers: Layer-Stacking and Layer-Doubling Method -- 5.7 Diffraction by a Stack of Layers: Renormalized-Forward-Scattering (RFS) Perturbation Method -- 5.8 Efficiency of Computation and the Combined-Space Method -- 5.9 Superlattices and Domains -- 5.10 Symmetries -- 5.11 Thermal Effects -- 5.12 Potential Steps, Surface States, Surface Resonances and LEED Fine Structure -- 5.13 Relativistic and Spin-Dependent Effects in LEED -- 5.14 Some Other Theoretical Techniques -- 5.15 Outstanding Theoretical Problems in LEED -- 5.16 Application of LEED Theory to Other Electron Spectroscopies -- 5.17 Computer Programs -- 6. Methods of Surface Crystallography by LEED -- 6.1 The Kinematic Approach to Surface Crystallography -- 6.2 Averaging Methods -- 6.3 Fourier-Transform Methods -- 6.4 The Dynamical Approach to Surface Crystallography -- 6.5 Reliability Factors (R-Factors) -- 6.6 Accuracy and Precision of Structural Determination -- 7. Results of Structural Analyses by LEED -- 7.1 Clean Unreconstructed Surfaces -- 7.2 Reconstructed Surfaces -- 7.3 Adsorbed Atomic Layers -- 7.4 Adsorbed Molecular Layers -- 8. Two Dimensional Order-Disorder Phase Transitions -- 8.1 Introduction to Order-Disorder Phase Transitions at Surfaces.. -- 8.2 The Interaction of Hydrogen with the (111) Surface of Nickel -- 8.3 The Interaction of Hydrogen with the (100) Surface of Palladium -- 8.4 The Interaction of Hydrogen with the (110) Surface of Iron -- 9. Chemical Reactions at Surfaces and LEED -- 9.1 Monitoring Surface Reactions by LEED -- 9.2 The Adsorption of Oxygen on Rh(111) at 335 K -- 9.3 The Reaction Between Hydrogen and Ordered Oxygen on Rh(111) -- 9.4 The Reaction Between Hydrogen and Both Ordered and Disordered Oxygen on Rh(111) -- 10. Island Formation of Adspecies and LEED -- 10.1 The Nature of Islands on Surfaces -- 10.2 LEED Beam Profiles for Arrays of Ordered Islands -- 10.3 Island Formation in a Real System: CO on Ru(0001) -- 11. The Future of LEED -- 11.1 Experimental Outlook -- 11.2 Theoretical Outlook -- 11.3 Progress in Structural Determination -- 11.4 LEED vs. Other Surface-Sensitive Techniques -- 12. Reference List and Table for Surface Structures -- Appendix A: Acronyms of Techniques Related to Surface Science -- Appendix B: A Computer Program to Determine the Angle of Incidence in LEED -- List of Major Symbols -- References.

In: Springer Nature eBook

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783642827235

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783540162629

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783642827228

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-82721-1

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82721-1

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (201 pages) : , illustrations (some color), charts

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-78969-096-X

Content: Focussing on the Australian South Sea Islander minority community this volume employs a variety of theoretical arguments in order to contribute a new method for comprehending the many interleaving aspects of memory spaces, and should be of interest to heritage professionals, local councils and governing bodies, and members of the general public.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents Page -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1: Research Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction - Research Overview -- 1.2 Research Aims -- 1.3 Research Questions -- 1.4 Research Design -- 1.5 Overview of the Structure of the Research -- 1.6 Notes on Terminology -- 1.7 Memorials / Monuments -- 1.8 Conclusion -- Figure 1.1: The Western South Pacific Ocean in relation to Australia (www.geographicguide.com) -- Figure 1.2: South Sea Islands Labour Group in Daintree, Queensland 1870 (State Library of Queensland, Negative No: 189100) -- Figure 1.3: Recruiting ship 'Para' by Ship Captain Wawn, 1880 (State Library of Queensland, Negative No: 65320) -- Figure 1.4: South Sea Islanders on a labour vessel (State Library of Queensland, Negative No: 16954) -- Figure 1.5: Vanuatuan sand drawing of labour ship (Author's photo 2 June 2012) -- Figure 1.6: History culture example - Islander Commemoration Festival 2013 ( www.assis.org.au ) -- Figure 2.1: Cartoon in The Bulletin 1886 of auction of South Sea Islander (Wikimedia Commons) -- Figure 2.2: South Sea Islanders outside of a plantation building ca. 1870 (State Library of Queensland, Negative no: 189100) -- Figure 2.3: South Sea Islanders Queensland, 1906 (State Library of Queensland, Negative no: 23815) -- Figure 2.4: WANTOK Representatives (SBS News 7 November 2013) -- Figure 2.5: The Isis Memorial Childers, Queensland (Author's photo 23 October 2013) -- Figure 2.6: Islander traffic routes 1863 to 1902, from "The Blackbirders" (Docker 1970) -- Figure 2.7: Islanders waiting for deportation in Cairns 1906 (State Library of Queensland, Negative no: 23842) -- Figure 2.8: Board Game copyrighted in 1914 (National Archives Australia ID: 3423240). , Figure 2.9: Bundaberg South Sea Islanders Anniversary Festival Poster 2013 (Bundaberg Regional Council) -- Figure 2.10: Islands visited by labour vessel Ariel in 1893 (Queensland State Archives, Item ID1235095, Correspondence) -- Figure 2.11: Fairymead Mill, Bundaberg, c 1890 (Queensland State Archives, Image ID 3511) -- Figure 2.12: South Sea Islander Huts, Childers 1904 (Queensland Historical Atlas from University of Queensland) -- Figure 2.13: Pacific Islands Collection Adelaide Museum (Author's photo 16 March 2012) -- Figure 2.14: Islanders in mixed European and Traditional attire, Mackay 1890 (State Library of Queensland, Negative No: 13355) -- Figure 2.15: Yasso Point, named in memory of Mackay South Sea Islander couple (Author's photo 9 May 2013) -- Figure 3.1: 'Ceremony with Turtle' by Andrew Tovovur (Author's photo 3 June 2012) -- Figure 3.2: Mossman Canecutters Memorial (Author's photo 1 April 2012) -- Figure 3.3: Integral grouping of aspects surrounding the ASSI labour event (past) -- Figure 3.4: Integral grouping of attached themes determined from literatures (present) -- Figure 3.5: Quadrant 1 - Quadrant 2 -- Figure 3.6: Quadrant 3 - Quadrant 4 -- Figure 3.7: Quadrant 1 - Quadrant 3 -- Figure 3.8: Quadrant 2 - Quadrant 4 -- Figure 3.9: Quadrant 2 - Quadrant 3 -- Figure 3.10: Quadrant 1 - Quadrant 4 -- Figure 4.1: Locations of thesis ASSI memory sites (detailed in Table 4.3) -- Figure 4.2: ASSI Descendant Groups (in red - see key) set against historic Australian sugar cane cultivation areas of 1874 and 1884 (Griggs 2011:47) -- Figure 4.3: Data entry template -- Figure 4.4: Example of a statue memorial - The 'The Hoe Man' - Gordonvale -- Figure 4.5: South Sea Islander Honour Roll -- Figure 4.6: Chindera Cemetery -- Figure 4.7: Ingham Immigrant Remembrance Wall -- Figure 5.1: Buderim Kanaka Wall on Escarpment. , Figure 5.2: Yasso Point Marker, Bowen -- Figure 5.3: Yasso Point Cairn, Bowen -- Figure 5.4: Yasso Point Shelter And History Board, Bowen -- Figure 5.5: Maryborough Kanaka Memorial -- Figure 5.6: Point Vernon Cemetery signpost (Author's photo 23 October 2013) -- Figure 5.7: North Queensland ASSI Fishery Falls Monument -- Figure 5.8: 1880 SSI Specimens mixed (State Library of Queensland, Brandon album, ID 6298-0001-0020) -- Figure 5.9: Gordonvale mosaic (Author's photo 21 June 2016) -- Figure 5.10: 'River Reflections' mosaic panels - Innisfail -- Figure 5.11: 'Take Me Too' tile and plaque (Author's photo 18 February 2014) -- Figure 5.12: Childers Memorial Totem metal engraving (Author's photo 23 October 2013) -- Figure 5.13: Forgotten People monument, Mackay (Author's photo 8 May 2013) -- Figure 5.14: Interpretive Tree Guide, Mackay (Author's photo 8 May 2013) -- Figure 5.15: Polson Cemetery, Point Vernon (Author's photo 23 October 2013) -- Figure 6.1: Kanaka Monument (John Thompson) - Childers -- Figure 6.2: John Thompson Memorial, Childers (Author's photo 23 October 2013) -- Figure 6.3: Port Douglas Sugar Wharf(s) -- Figure 6.4: Sugar Cube Memorial, Mackay -- Figure 6.5: Oaklands Sugar Mill Remnants, Morayfield -- Figure 6.6: Habana Tramline Causeway and Wharf Site details -- Figure 6.7: South Sea Islanders' Sugar Wagon Trail - Yeppoon -- Figure 6.8: Islander-built trail, Yeppoon -- Figure 6.9: South Sea Islander Stone Wall - Mon Repos -- Figure 6.10: Sunnyside Sugar Plantation (former) remains -- Figure 6.11: Stone wall in farmland, Bargara (Author's photo 26 October 2013) -- Figure 6.12: Replica stone wall, Bundaberg (Author's photo 23 October 2013) -- Figure 6.13: Fitzgerald Landing Cairn, Innisfail -- Figure 6.14: Old and new cairns, Fitzgerald Landing, Innisfail (Author's photo 21 June 2016). , Figure 6.15: Chjowai memorial, Innisfail (Author's photo 21 June 2013) -- Figure 6.16: Pioneers Of The Sugar Industry Memorial - Innisfail -- Figure 7.1: 'Forty-year-old white actor dressing up as a 14-year-old Tongan boy in brown face' (Bolitho 2014 - Image courtesy buzzed.com) -- Figure 7.2: Bowen South Sea Islander Mural -- Figure 7.3: Close up of local identities cameos on Bowen wall mural (Image courtesy http://www.robcaz.net/bowen.htm ) -- Figure 7.4: Cane farmer statue and mosaic, Gordonvale (Author's photo 21 June 2016) -- Figure 7.5: Gordonvale mosaic - 'SUGAR - NATURE'S SWEET GIFT' -- Figure 7.6: Example of interpretive board, Cairns Esplanade -- Figure 7.7: Robert Towns statue, Townsville, QLD (Author's photo 10 May 2013) -- Figure 7.8: Robert Towns statue with interpretive board, Townsville (Author's photo 10 May 2013) -- Figure 7.9: Mossman Cane Cutters Memorial -- Figure 7.10: South Sea Islander Totems, Childers (Author's photo 23 October 2013) -- Figure 7.11: The Isis Kanaka Story - Childers -- Figure 7.12: South Sea Islander Totems - Childers -- Figure 7.13: Mackay South Sea Islander Canecutter Memorial -- Figure 7.14: South Sea Islander (KANAKA) Memorial -- Figure 7.15: Buderim Reconciliation At St Marks -- Figure 7.16: Buderim South Sea Islander Memorial -- Figure 7.17: Chindera Corowa Park -- Figure 7.18: Corowa Park dedication newspaper clipping (Tweed Regional Museum) -- Figure 8.1: Mackay Lagoons ASSI Meeting House, exterior-interior (Author's photos 8 May 2013) -- Figure 8.2: Mackay Sugar Mill, from the Mackay Lagoons Meeting House (Author's photo 8 May 2013) -- Figure 8.3: ASSI Original Family Trees Plantings 'The Forgotten People' -- Figure 8.4: Mackay Homebush Mission Hall -- Figure 8.5: St. John's Mission Church -- Figure 8.6: Bundaberg Cemetery (Google Earth image 8 August 2008). , Figure 8.7: South Sea Islander Church And Hall - Bundaberg Cemetery -- Figure 8.8: Underground oven 'cuppa murri', Bundaberg (Author's photo 23 October 2013) -- Figure 8.9: Wood carvings, Bundaberg (Author's photo, 23 October 2013) -- Figure 8.10: SSI Heritage and Community Complex layout, Bundaberg (Author's photo 23 October 2013) -- Figure 8.11: Canecutter memorial, Point Vernon (Author's photo 23 October 2013) -- Figure 8.12: Commemoration service honouring unmarked ASSI graves at Sunnyside Plantation, Bundaberg -- Figure 8.13: Cudgeon Burial Ground, Chindera -- Figure 8.14: Joskeleigh (Sandhills) Historical South Sea Islander Cemetery -- Figure 8.15: Joskeleigh South Sea Islander Museum -- Figure 8.16: Australian Sugar Heritage Centre (Museum) - Mourilyan 'South Seas -- Figure 8.17: Refined White Exhibition -- Figure 8.18: Display examples in the Australian Sugar Heritage Centre, Mourilyan (Author's photo 28 December 2012 ) -- Figure 8.19: 'Behind The Cane - The Untold Story Of South Sea Islanders In Australia' Musical -- Figure 8.20: Romancing The Cane Festival -- Figure 8.21: Integral grouping of ASSI-related memory sites as nodes in networked relationships -- Figure A4_1 -- Figure A4_2 -- Chapter 2: Research Context - Literatures -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 The ASSI Cultural Landscape and Heritage Paradox -- 2.2 Paradox One: The Song Of Homer -- 2.2.1 Historical Representation -- 2.2.2 Historiographical Representation -- 2.2.3 Concluding the Song of Homer -- 2.3 Paradox Two: The Ship of Theseus -- 2.3.1 Material Representation -- 2.3.2 Entangled / Shared Material Culture -- 2.3.3 A Rudderless Ship -- 2.4 Conclusion -- Table 2.1: Australian Acts Specific to South Sea Islands Labour (Queensland Government State Archives) -- Chapter 3: Theoretical Concepts - Liminal Spaces -- 3.1 Introduction. , 3.2 What Is Memory From An Archaeological Viewpoint?.

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-78969-095-1

Language: English