Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Umfang: 1 online resource (633 pages) : , illustrations, graphs.

Ausgabe: 1st edition

ISBN: 9780081012277 , 0081012276

Serie: Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering

Inhalt: Cost-Effective Energy Efficient Building Retrofitting:Materials, Technologies, Optimization and Case Studies provides essential knowledge for civil engineers, architects, and other professionals working in the field of cost-effective energy efficient building retrofitting. The building sector is responsible for high energy consumption and its global demand is expected to grow as each day there are approximately 200,000 new inhabitants on planet Earth. The majority of electric energy will continue to be generated from the combustion of fossil fuels releasing not only carbon dioxide, but also methane and nitrous oxide. Energy efficiency measures are therefore crucial to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of the building sector. Energy efficient building retrofitting needs to not only be technically feasible, but also economically viable. New building materials and advanced technologies already exist, but the knowledge to integrate all active components is still scarce and far from being widespread among building industry stakeholders. Emphasizes cost-effective methods for the refurbishment of existing buildings, presenting state-of-the-art technologies Includes detailed case studies that explain various methods and Net Zero Energy Explains optimal analysis and prioritization of cost effective strategies

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Cost-Effective Energy-Efficient Building Retrofitting -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- 1 Introduction to Cost-Effective Energy-Efficient Building Retrofitting -- 1.1 Sustainable Development and Energy Production -- 1.2 Building Energy Efficiency and Energy Retrofitting -- 1.3 Financing Aspects Regarding Energy Retrofitting in Europe -- 1.4 The Importance of Socioeconomic Aspects -- 1.5 Outline of the Book -- References -- I. Materials and Technologies -- 2 Methodologies for Selection of Thermal Insulation Materials for Cost-Effective, Sustainable, and Energy-Efficient Retrof ... -- Nomenclature -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Thermal Insulation Materials -- 2.2.1 Composition-Based Classification of Thermal Insulation Materials -- 2.2.2 Physics of Performance-Based Classification of Thermal Insulation Materials -- 2.3 Environmental and Economic Assessment of Thermal Insulation Materials -- 2.3.1 Environmental Assessment of Thermal Insulation Materials -- 2.3.2 Economic Assessment of Thermal Insulation Materials -- 2.4 Advancements in the Field of Building Materials Applied for the Energy Upgrade of Buildings -- 2.4.1 Thermal Insulation Building Elements and Systems -- 2.4.1.1 Inorganic Insulation Materials -- 2.4.1.2 Organic Insulation Materials -- 2.4.1.3 Plasters and Mortars -- 2.4.1.4 Thermally Insulating Concrete -- 2.4.1.5 Vacuum Insulation Panels -- 2.4.1.6 Phase Change Materials -- 2.4.1.7 Aerogels -- 2.4.1.8 Vacuum Insulation Materials and Gas Insulation Materials -- 2.4.1.9 Nano Insulation Materials -- 2.4.1.10 Dynamic Insulation Materials -- 2.4.2 LCC of Renovation Measures -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Phase Change Materials for Application in Energy-Efficient Buildings -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Phase Change Materials in General -- 3.2.1 General. , 3.2.2 General Categorization of Phase Change Materials -- 3.2.2.1 Organic -- 3.2.2.2 Inorganic -- 3.2.2.3 Eutectic Mixtures -- 3.2.2.4 Comparison Summary -- 3.2.3 Encapsulation -- 3.2.3.1 Microencapsulation -- 3.2.3.2 Macroencapsulation -- 3.2.4 Long-Term Stability -- 3.3 State-of-the-Art Phase Change Materials -- 3.3.1 Phase Change Material Compounds -- 3.3.2 Phase Change Materials in Products for Building Applications -- 3.3.3 Phase Change Materials in Windows -- 3.3.4 Comparison of Commercial Products -- 3.4 Phase Change Materials in Building Applications -- 3.4.1 Building Applications -- 3.4.1.1 Free Cooling -- 3.4.1.2 Peak Load Shifting -- 3.4.1.3 Active Building Systems -- 3.4.1.4 Passive Building Systems -- 3.4.1.5 Thermal Comfort Control -- 3.4.2 Solar Energy Storage -- 3.4.3 Examples of Integration of Phase Change Materials for Passive Systems -- 3.4.3.1 Walls -- 3.4.3.2 Floors -- 3.4.3.3 Roofs -- 3.4.3.4 Windows and Shutters -- 3.4.3.5 Concrete -- 3.4.3.6 Thermal Insulation Materials -- 3.4.3.7 Furniture and Indoor Appliances -- 3.4.4 Retrofitting -- 3.4.5 Safety Requirements -- 3.5 Future Research Opportunities -- 3.5.1 Improving the Current Technologies -- 3.5.1.1 Increasing Thermal Storage Capacity -- 3.5.1.2 Enhancing Heat Transfer -- 3.5.2 New Technologies -- 3.5.2.1 Nanoencapsulated Phase Change Materials -- 3.5.2.2 Adjustable Phase Change Temperature -- 3.5.3 Further Reflections -- 3.5.3.1 Developing a Standard Test Scheme -- 3.5.3.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry -- 3.5.3.3 T-History -- 3.5.3.4 Dynamic Heat Flow Apparatus -- 3.5.3.5 Dynamic Hot Box -- 3.5.3.6 Dynamic Guarded Hot Plate -- 3.5.3.7 M-Value -- 3.5.3.8 Environmental Impact Assessments -- 3.5.3.9 Expected Lifetime Predicament of Phase Change Materials -- 3.5.3.10 Quantifying the Effect of Phase Change Materials in Real-Life Buildings. , 3.5.3.11 Investigating Payback Times for Various Systems -- 3.5.3.12 Development of Advanced Building Envelopes -- 3.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Reflective Materials for Cost-Effective Energy-Efficient Retrofitting of Roofs -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 White Reflective Materials -- 4.2.1 Brief History -- 4.2.2 Properties -- 4.2.3 Cost-Effectiveness of Reflective White Materials -- 4.3 Colored Reflective Materials -- 4.3.1 Brief History -- 4.3.2 Properties -- 4.3.3 Cost Effectiveness of Colored Reflective Materials -- 4.4 Retroreflective Materials -- 4.5 Thermochromic Materials -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Solar Air Collectors for Cost-Effective Energy-Efficient Retrofitting -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Types of SACs -- 5.2.1 Unglazed Transpired Solar Air Collectors -- 5.2.1.1 Theoretical Studies of UTSAC -- 5.2.1.2 Mathematical Models to Predict Existing UTSAC Outputs -- 5.2.1.3 Experimental Studies on Existing UTSAC -- 5.2.2 Back-Pass Solar Air Collector -- 5.3 Unglazed SAC Numerical Model -- 5.3.1 Experimental Setup and Methodology -- 5.3.1.1 System Description -- 5.3.1.2 Global Solar Radiation Measurements -- 5.3.1.3 Air Temperature Measurements -- 5.3.1.4 Airflow Measurements -- 5.3.1.5 Wind-Speed Measurements -- 5.3.2 Data Collection -- 5.3.2.1 Measurement Processing -- 5.3.2.2 Air Inlet and Outlet Temperatures -- 5.3.2.3 Airflow Rate -- 5.3.3 Energy-Balance Equations -- 5.4 Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) -- 5.4.1 Energy Analysis -- 5.4.2 Economic Analysis -- 5.4.2.1 Operation and Maintenance Costs -- 5.4.2.2 Life-Cycle Savings -- 5.4.2.3 Simple Payback Period -- 5.4.3 Results -- 5.4.3.1 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) -- 5.4.4 Summary of Economic Analysis -- 5.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 6 Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) for Cost-Effective Energy-Efficient Retrofitting. , 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) -- 6.1.2 BIPV Market -- 6.2 Cost-Effective Energy Retrofitting and Nearly- and Net-Zero Energy Building Design -- 6.2.1 Cost-Effective Energy Retrofitting and Potentialities of Integration of Photovoltaics -- 6.2.2 Nearly Zero-Energy Building Design and Photovoltaics -- 6.3 Photovoltaic Products for Buildings -- 6.3.1 Market Offer Breakdown -- 6.3.2 Costs of Photovoltaics in/on Buildings -- 6.3.3 Considerations About the BIPV Market and Suitability of PV Products for Retrofitting -- 6.4 Conclusions: Potentialities and Challenges -- References -- II. Optimization -- 7 Measurement and Verification Models for Cost-Effective Energy-Efficient Retrofitting -- Nomenclature for Measurement and Verification Terms -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Fundamental Principles of Measurement and Verification -- 7.3 Measurement and Verification Protocols & -- Standards -- 7.3.1 International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol -- 7.3.2 Federal Energy Management Program -- 7.3.3 ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers) Guideline 14 -- 7.3.4 ISO (International Standards Organization) 50015 -- 7.3.5 Superior Energy Performance protocol -- 7.4 Measurement and Verification Options -- 7.4.1 Retrofit Isolation: Key Parameter Measurement -- 7.4.2 Retrofit Isolation: All-Parameter Measurement -- 7.4.3 Whole Facility -- 7.4.4 Calibrated Simulation -- 7.4.5 Examples for M& -- V Options -- 7.5 Drivers for and Barriers Against M& -- V -- 7.6 Innovative Methods for Cost-Effective M& -- V: An Overview -- 7.6.1 Energy Monitoring -- 7.6.2 Monitoring of the Indoor Environmental Quality -- 7.6.3 Occupancy Monitoring -- 7.7 Summary -- References -- 8 A Cost-Effective Human-Based Energy-Retrofitting Approach -- 8.1 Introduction. , 8.2 Why Should Occupants' Awareness Play a Key Role in Building Energy Saving? -- 8.2.1 The Potentialities of People's Engagement for Energy Saving -- 8.3 Human-Building System Interaction: Active and Passive Roles of Occupants -- 8.4 Typical Occupants' Attitudes Playing a Key Role in Energy Need -- 8.5 Occupants' Behavior in Building Thermal Energy Dynamic Simulation -- 8.5.1 Dynamic Simulation Models and Occupancy Schedules -- 8.5.2 Case Study of Numerical Analyses About Predictive and Postoccupancy Approaches -- 8.6 Occupant Behavior Towards Energy Saving in Buildings -- 8.6.1 Understanding the Role of Social and Personal Engagement for Energy Saving -- 8.6.2 The Role of Eco-Feedback -- 8.6.3 Occupants' Behavior Towards Retrofitting and Human-Based Energy Retrofits -- 8.6.4 Possible Interventions Towards Proenvironmental Energy Behavior: Peer-Network Effect and Social Triggering for Energy ... -- 8.7 Conclusions -- References -- 9 An Overview of the Challenges for Cost-Effective and Energy-Efficient Retrofits of the Existing Building Stock -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Challenges in Building Energy Retrofitting -- 9.2.1 Priorities of Stakeholders -- 9.2.2 Time Period -- 9.2.3 Capital Investment -- 9.2.4 Cost Effectiveness -- 9.2.5 Risk Analysis -- 9.2.6 Technology -- 9.2.7 Government Policies -- 9.2.8 Reliable Prediction of Building Energy Performance -- 9.3 Optimization Approaches for the Design of Building Energy Retrofit -- 9.4 Building Energy Retrofit and Sustainability -- 9.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 10 Smart Heating Systems for Cost-Effective Retrofitting -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Technology -- 10.2.1 "Smartness" in the Primary Systems -- 10.2.2 "Smartness" in the Secondary Systems -- 10.2.3 The Control and the Building Automation -- 10.2.4 The Heat Metering -- 10.2.5 The Users Interfaces. , 10.3 Case Studies and Lessons Learned.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780081011287

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0081011288

Sprache: Englisch