UID:
edoccha_9960073703402883
Umfang:
1 online resource (724 p.)
ISBN:
0-12-801248-X
,
0-12-801355-9
Anmerkung:
Description based upon print version of record.
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Front Cover -- Highway Engineering -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- References -- 1.2 Organization of the Book -- 1.2.1 Part 2: Transportation Planning -- 1.2.2 Part 3: Horizontal and Vertical Alignment -- 1.2.3 Part 4: Highway Geometric Design -- 1.2.4 Part 5: Traffic Operations -- 1.2.5 Part 6: Traffic Safety -- 1.2.6 Part 7: Geotechnical -- 1.2.7 Part 8: Structures -- 1.2.8 Part 9: Hydraulics -- 1.3 Functional Classifications of Highway -- 1.3.1 Arterials -- 1.3.2 Collectors -- 1.3.3 Local Streets -- 1.4 Types of Intersections -- 1.4.1 Unsignalized Intersections -- 1.4.2 Signalized Intersections -- 1.4.3 Alternative Intersections -- 2. Transportation Planning -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Purpose of Transportation Planning -- Metropolitan Planning Organization -- State Department of Transportation Planning Organization -- Regional Transportation Planning Organization -- Prioritizing Transportation Investments -- Emphasizing Agency Coordination -- Planning Applications and Topics -- 2.1.2 Accuracy and Error in Forecasting -- 2.2 Planning Concepts and Four-Step Process Overview -- 2.2.1 Regional and Statewide Planning Process -- 2.2.2 Traffic Impact Analyses -- Scope -- Process -- Typical Mitigation Strategies -- 2.2.3 Highway Functional Classification System -- 2.2.4 Planning Data and Data Sources -- Traffic Counts -- Average Daily Traffic -- Design Hourly Volume and Directional Design Hourly Volume -- Peak Hour Volume -- 2.3.1 Planning Definitions and Terms -- 2.3 Trip Generation -- 2.3.1 Land Use Types -- 2.3.2 Estimating Generated Trips -- 2.4.1 Sample Network Application of Trip Generation -- 2.4 Trip Distribution -- 2.4.1 Gravity Model -- 2.4.2 Use of Data and Calibration -- 2.4.3 Sample Network Application of Trip Distribution -- 2.5 Mode Choice -- 2.5.1 Trip End Models.
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2.5.2 Trip Interchange Models -- Variables Impacting Mode Choice -- Utility Models -- Types of Logit Models -- 2.6 Traffic Assignment -- 2.6.1 Network, Paths, and Skimming -- 2.6.2 Shortest Path Assignment -- 2.7.1 Capacity-Constrained Assignment -- 2.7.2 Dynamic Traffic Assignment and Other Advanced Algorithms -- 2.7.3 Sample Network Application for Traffic Assignment -- 2.7 Travel Demand Model Applications -- 2.7.1 Scoping a Planning Study -- 2.7.2 Travel Demand Modeling Software -- 2.7.3 Activity-Based Models -- 2.7.4 Forecasting Nonmotorized Travel -- 2.7.5 Forecasting Freight and Goods Movements -- 2.8 Practice Problems -- References -- 3. Horizontal and Vertical Alignment -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Corridor Selection -- 3.2.1 Case Study -- References -- 3.3 Sight Distance -- 3.3.1 Stopping and Decision Sight Distance -- Reference -- Stopping Sight Distance for Horizontal Curves -- 3.3.2 Passing Sight Distance -- 3.4 Highway Alignment -- 3.4.1 Horizontal Alignment -- Traverses -- Horizontal Curve Fundamentals -- Simple Horizontal Curves -- Reverse Horizontal Curves -- Compound Horizontal Curves -- Spiral Horizontal Curves -- Superelevation -- Forces on a Vehicle in a Horizontal Curve -- Horizontal Curve Design Process -- 3.4.2 Vertical Alignment -- Vertical Curve Fundamentals -- High/Low Point -- Vertical Curve Design Process -- 3.5 Practice Problems -- 4. Highway Geometric Design -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Design Controls -- 4.2.1 Indirect Design Factors -- Design Year -- Functional Class -- Access Control -- Design Vehicle -- Design Driver/User -- Capacity -- Design Speed -- 4.2.2 Dimensional Design Values -- Lane Width -- Shoulder Width -- Bridge Width -- Horizontal Alignment -- Superelevation -- Vertical Alignment -- Grade -- Stopping Sight Distance -- Cross Slope -- Vertical Clearance -- Lateral Offset to Obstruction -- Structural Capacity.
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4.2.3 Design Exceptions -- 4.3 Basic Highway Segments -- 4.3.1 Arterials -- 4.3.2 Collector -- Access Management -- 4.3.3 Local -- Traffic Calming -- 4.4 Cross-Section Elements -- 4.4.1 Roadway Design -- Number of Lanes -- Passing Lanes -- Parking Lanes -- Median Treatment -- Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities -- Curb and Gutter -- 4.4.2 Roadside Design -- Barriers -- Clear Zone -- Drainage Channels -- 4.5 Intersection Design -- 4.5.1 Turn Lanes -- 4.5.2 Dimensions for Turning Movements -- 4.5.3 Channelization -- 4.5.4 Roundabouts -- 4.5.5 Intersection Sight Distance -- Case A-Intersections with No Traffic Control -- Case B-Stop Control on the Minor Road -- Case B1-Left from Minor Road -- Case B2-Right from Minor Road -- Case B3-Minor Road Crossing -- Case C-Yield Control on the Minor Road -- Case C1-Crossing from Minor Road -- Case C2-Right from Minor Road -- Case C2-Left from Minor Road -- Case D-Traffic Signal Control -- Case E-All-Way Stop Control -- Case F-Left Turns from the Major Road -- 4.6 Interchange Design -- 4.6.1 Interchange Type -- 4.6.2 Interchange Spacing -- 4.6.3 Vertical Separation: Over or Under -- 4.6.4 Ramp Design -- 4.7 Practice Problems -- References -- 5. Traffic Operations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Purpose of Traffic Operations -- 5.1.2 Highway Capacity Manual -- 5.1.3 Operational Analysis -- Capacity -- Level of Service -- Measure of Effectiveness and Service Measure -- Spatial Analysis Scope -- Temporal Analysis Scope -- Reliability Analysis -- 5.2 Traffic Flow Fundamentals -- 5.2.1 Fundamental Relationship -- Speed-Flow-Density -- Time Mean Speed versus Space Mean Speed -- Macro versus Micro Characteristics of Traffic -- 5.2.2 Vehicle Kinematics -- 5.2.3 Shockwaves -- 5.2.4 Gap Acceptance -- 5.2.5 Simple Queuing Theory -- 5.2.6 Heavy Vehicle Effects -- 5.3 Uninterrupted Flow -- 5.3.1 Concepts.
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Access Control and Interchange Operations -- Flow Regimes on Uninterrupted Flow Facilities -- Terminology -- 5.3.2 Basic Freeway and Multilane Highway Segments -- Capacity and Level of Service -- Methodology -- Step 1: Gather Input Data -- Step 2: Estimate and Adjust Free-Flow Speed -- Step 3: Estimate and Adjust Capacity -- Step 4: Adjust Demand Volume -- Steps 5 and 6: Estimate Speed, Density, and LOS -- Adjustments for Weather and Incidents, and Work Zones -- Designing with LOS in Mind -- 5.3.3 Merge and Diverge Segments -- Methodology -- Step 1: Gather Input Data and Adjust Demand Volumes -- Step 2: Compute Demand in Lanes 1 and 2 -- Step 3: Compute Capacity of Merge or Diverge Area -- Step 4: Compute Density and Determine LOS -- Step 5: Estimate Speeds and Aggregate Densities -- 5.3.4 Weaving Segments -- Methodology -- Step 1: Gather Input Data and Adjust Demand Volumes -- Step 2: Determine Weave Configuration Characteristics -- Step 3: Determine Maximum Weaving Length -- Step 4: Determine and Check the Capacity of the Weave Segment -- Step 5: Determine Lane Changing Rates -- Step 6: Determine Average Speeds, Density, and LOS -- 5.3.5 Freeway Facility Analysis -- Facility Concepts and Segmentation -- Facility Segmentation Rules -- Illustrating Time-Space Domain -- Methodology -- Step 1: Define Study Scope, Segment Facility, and Gather Input Data -- Step 2: Balance Demands, Identify Global Parameters, and Code Base Facility -- Step 3: Compute Segment Capacities and Calibrate with Adjustment Factors -- Step 4: Compute Demand-to-Capacity Ratios -- Step 5: Compute Undersaturated or Oversaturated Performance by Time Period -- Step 6: Aggregate Performance Measures -- Step 7: Validate against Field Data and Return to Step 3 As Needed -- Step 8: Estimate LOS and Report Performance Measures -- 5.3.6 Advanced Freeway Analysis -- Managed Lanes.
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Methodology Overview -- Reliability -- Methodology Overview -- Active Traffic Management -- Methodology Overview -- 5.4 Interrupted Flow -- 5.4.1 Concepts -- Types of Traffic Control at Intersections -- Signalized Intersections -- Signal Terminology -- Roundabouts and Unsignalized Control -- 5.4.2 Critical Movement Analysis -- Critical Movement Analysis Step-by Step -- 5.4.3 Signalized Intersection Operational Analysis -- Methodology -- Step 1: Gather Input Data -- Step 2: Determine Movement Groups, Lane Groups, and Flow Rates -- Step 3: Determine Adjusted Saturation Flow Rate -- Step 4: Determine Proportion Arrival on Green -- Step 5: Determine Signal Phase Duration (Actuated Only) -- Step 6: Determine Capacity and Volume-to-Capacity Ratios -- Step 7: Determine Delay and LOS -- 5.4.4 Modern Roundabouts -- Methodology -- Step 1: Gather Input Data -- Step 2: Convert Volumes to Flow Rates -- Step 3: Determine Roundabout Flows -- Step 4: Determine Capacity of Each Lane -- Step 5: Determine Pedestrian Effect on Vehicles -- Step 6: Convert Flow Rate and Capacities to Vehicles -- Step 7: Compute v/c Ratio, Delay, Queues, and LOS for Each Lane -- Step 8: Compute Delay and LOS for Each Approach and Overall Roundabout -- 5.5 Traffic Signals and Signal Timing -- 5.5.1 Signal Warrants and MUTCD -- 5.5.2 Components of a Traffic Signal -- 5.5.3 Signal Timing Process -- Identify Left-Turn Treatments for All Intersection Approach Legs -- Identify Lane Groups for Each Approach -- Determine Lane Group Traffic Data -- Develop the Desired Phasing Plan for Intersection -- Calculate Required Yellow and All-Red Times -- Determine Lost Time Per Phase and Lost Time per Cycle -- Select a Target Volume-to-Capacity Ratio (Xc) -- Estimate the Cycle Length -- Calculate Total Effective Green Time Available per Cycle -- Distribute Effective Green Time across All Phases.
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Calculate Actual Green Time per Phase.
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English
Sprache:
Englisch
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