UID:
edoccha_9960161332202883
Format:
xxxvii, 720 p. :
,
ill. ;
,
24 cm.
ISBN:
0-12-803945-0
,
0-12-803907-8
Note:
Front Cover -- Water for the Environment -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the Editors -- About the Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- I. Introduction -- 1 The Environmental Water Management Cycle -- 1.1 What Is This Book About? -- 1.2 Environmental Water Management -- 1.2.1 Vision and Objectives for the River -- 1.2.2 How Much Water Is Needed: Tools for Environmental Flows Assessment -- 1.2.3 Environmental Water within Water Resource Planning -- 1.2.4 Active Management of Environmental Water -- 1.3 What Remains Ahead? -- References -- II. History and Context of Environmental Water Management -- 2 Drivers and Social Context -- 2.1 Water Use and Human Development -- 2.2 Environment and Water Management -- 2.3 Development of National and International Policies -- 2.4 Setting Objectives -- 2.5 Pathways to Environmental Water Policy -- 2.5.1 Environmental Water in the United Kingdom -- 2.5.2 Environmental Water in India -- 2.5.3 Environmental Water in Southeast Asia -- 2.5.4 Environmental Water in Australia -- 2.6 Conclusion -- 2.6.1 Common Threads and Contrasts -- References -- 3 Understanding Hydrological Alteration -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Assessing the Level and Significance of Hydrological Alteration -- 3.3 Alteration to the Land Surface Water Balance -- 3.3.1 Vegetation Change -- 3.3.2 Urbanization -- 3.4 Surface Water Impoundment and Diversion -- 3.4.1 Large Water Supply DAMS -- 3.4.2 Hydropower Dams -- 3.4.3 Flood Alleviation Dams -- 3.4.4 Small Farm Dams -- 3.5 Groundwater Extraction and Depletion -- 3.6 Altered Surface Drainage Network -- 3.7 Synthesis of Hydrological Alterations -- 3.8 Future Outlook -- References -- 4 Environmental and Ecological Effects of Flow Alteration in Surface Water Ecosystems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Hydrological Components: Linking Drivers of Change with Ecological Responses -- 4.2.1 Reduced Baseflow(s).
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4.2.2 Reduced Floods -- 4.2.3 Increased Baseflow(s) (Antidrought) -- 4.2.4 Increased Short-Term Variability (Hydropeaking) -- 4.3 Ecological Effects of Flow Alteration -- 4.3.1 Reduced Baseflow(s) and Increased Intermittency -- 4.3.2 Reduced Flood Magnitude and Frequency -- 4.3.3 Reduced Overbank Flooding -- 4.3.4 Increased Baseflow(s) (Antidrought) -- 4.3.5 Increased Short-Term Flow Variability (Hydropeaking) -- 4.3.6 Nonhydrological Impacts of Flow Regulation Requiring Consideration for Holistic Management of Environmental Water -- 4.4 The Importance of Local Factors -- 4.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Geomorphological Effects of Flow Alteration on Rivers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Role of Geomorphology in Aquatic Ecosystems -- 5.3 Common Settings That Influence River Geomorphology -- 5.3.1 Vegetation Change -- 5.3.2 Urbanization -- 5.3.3 Dams -- 5.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Impacts of Hydrological Alterations on Water Quality -- 6.1 Natural and Anthropogenic Drivers of Water Quality -- 6.2 Salinity -- 6.2.1 Stream Salinity Processes -- 6.2.2 Anthropogenic Influences on Stream Salinity -- 6.2.3 Management Options to Control Stream Salinity -- 6.3 Water Temperature -- 6.3.1 Thermal Processes and Controlling Mechanisms in Rivers -- 6.3.2 Anthropogenic Impacts to Stream Thermal Processes -- 6.3.3 Management Options -- 6.4 Nutrients -- 6.4.1 Nitrogen Transformation Processes and Controlling Mechanisms in Rivers -- 6.4.2 Anthropogenic Influences on Stream Nitrogen Levels -- 6.4.3 Management Options to Control Stream Nitrogen Loads -- 6.5 Dissolved Oxygen -- 6.5.1 Processes and Controlling Mechanisms in Rivers -- Oxygen exchange at the air-water interface -- Oxygen exchange at the sediment-water interface -- 6.5.2 Anthropogenic Influences -- 6.5.3 Management Options -- 6.6 Other Contaminants.
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6.7 Conclusion -- References -- III. Vision and Objectives for the River System -- 7 Stakeholder Engagement in Environmental Water Management -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Stakeholder Engagement within Environmental Water Management -- 7.2.1 Stakeholders -- 7.3 Engagement -- 7.4 Integrating Stakeholder Engagement into the Management Framework -- 7.5 Principles for engagement -- 7.6 Established Tools for Stakeholder Engagement Including Conflict Resolution -- 7.7 Five steps for devising an effective stakeholder engagement strategy -- 7.8 Preengagement Preparation Phase: Be Prepared! -- 7.8.1 Step 1: Internal Engagement Strategy and Integration within Overall Management Framework -- 7.8.2 Step 2: Who to Engage: Stakeholder Mapping/Analysis -- 7.9 Full Engagement Commencement Steps -- 7.9.1 Step 3: When and How to Fully Engage -- 7.9.2 Step 4: Develop and Implement Stakeholder Engagement Plan -- 7.9.3 Step 5: Implementation and Evaluation of Engagement Strategy -- 7.10 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Environmental Water Regimes and Natural Capital: Free-Flowing Ecosystem Services -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Environmental Water, Natural Capital, and Ecosystem Services -- 8.3 Identifying and Assessing Ecosystem Services -- 8.4 Challenges of Measuring and Valuing Freshwater Fluvial Ecosystem Services -- 8.5 Opportunities and Challenges for Environmental Water Delivery of Ecosystem Services -- 8.6 African Case Studies in Ecosystem Service and Environmental Flows Assessment Research and Implementation -- 8.6.1 Zambezi River -- 8.6.2 Balancing Water Resource Use and Ecosystem Services within Areas of Nature Conservation Value -- The Mara River -- The Great Ruaha -- The Kihansi River -- 8.7 Conclusion and Way Forward -- References -- 9 How Much Water Does a Culture Need? Environmental Water Management's Cultural Challenge and Indigenous Responses -- 9.1 Introduction.
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9.2 Water Cultures and Indigenous Waterscapes -- 9.3 Trends in the Recognition of Indigenous Water Interests in Australia -- 9.4 Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Water Management -- 9.5 Indigenous Responses and Their Water Rights Strategies -- 9.6 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Visions, Objectives, Targets, and Goals -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Establishing a Vision for a River -- 10.3 Establishing Objectives for Environmental Water -- 10.4 Setting Targets -- 10.5 Goals -- 10.6 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Adaptive Management -- 10.7 Conclusion -- References -- IV. How much water is needed: tools for environmental flows assessment -- 11 Evolution of Environmental Flows Assessment Science, Principles, and Methodologies -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Foundations and Types of Environmental Flows Assessment Methodologies -- 11.2 Holistic Environmental Flows Assessment Methods -- 11.2.1 Evolution of Principles and Approaches -- 11.2.2 A Survey of Holistic Methods -- 11.3 Flow-Ecology and Flow Alteration-Ecological Response Relationships -- 11.4 From Local to Regional Scales of Environmental Water Assessment -- 11.5 New Challenges for Environmental Water: Moving from Static Systems to Nonstationary Dynamics -- 11.5.1 Hydrology: Regimes and Events -- 11.5.2 Ecology: States, Rates, and Traits -- 11.6 Conclusion: Guiding Elements for Best Practice in Environmental Flows Assessment -- References -- 12 Tools for Sediment Management in Rivers -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Sediment Mobilization Theory -- 12.2.1 Sediment Entrainment -- 12.2.2 Sediment Transport -- Bed-load transport -- Suspended load transport -- Total load transport -- 12.2.3 Sediment Deposition -- 12.3 Environmental Flows Assessment Methods for geomorphic Maintenance -- 12.3.1 Threshold-Based Approaches -- 12.3.2 Field/Laboratory Methods.
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12.3.3 Sediment Management in Holistic Environmental Flow Methods -- 12.4 Complementary Options for Sediment Management -- 12.4.1 Catchment-Scale Conceptual Sediment Models and Budgets -- 12.4.2 Basin Land Management -- 12.4.3 Sediment Management through Dams -- 12.4.4 Sediment Augmentation Below Dams -- 12.4.5 Stream Restoration -- 12.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Physical Habitat Modeling and Ecohydrological Tools -- 13.1 Introduction: Principles of Ecohydrological and Hydraulic-Habitat Tools -- 13.2 Predictive Power of Ecohydrological and Hydraulic-Habitat Tools -- 13.3 Examples of Ecohydrological Tools -- 13.3.1 Overview -- 13.3.2 Case Study 1: Ecohydrological Assessment of a Large River Catchment -- 13.4 Examples of Hydraulic-Habitat Approaches -- 13.4.1 Overview -- 13.4.2 Case Study 2: Unsteady 2D-Numerical Habitat Modeling for Assessing the Effect of Hydropeaking in Austrian Alpine Rivers -- 13.4.3 Case Study 3: 2D-Numerical Habitat Modeling for Assessing the Effect of Morphological Restoration -- 13.4.4 Case Study 4: Catchment-Scale Distributed Habitat Modeling Using Statistical Habitat Models -- 13.5 Conclusion: Combining Hydrological and Hydraulic-Habitat Tools within Modular Libraries -- References -- 14 Models of Ecological Responses to Flow Regime Change to Inform Environmental Flows Assessments -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Conceptual Bounds -- 14.3 Striving for Parsimony in Environmental Flows Assessments -- 14.4 What Choices Exist for Ecological Modeling to Assist Environmental Flows Assessments? -- 14.4.1 Simple Linear Models -- 14.4.2 Generalized Linear and Nonlinear Models -- 14.4.3 Hierarchical Models -- 14.4.4 Functional Linear Models -- 14.4.5 Machine Learning Approaches -- 14.4.6 Bayesian Networks -- 14.5 Comparing Modeling Approaches.
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14.5.1 Classifying Modeling Approaches: Data Requirements versus Need for Knowledge of Ecological Processes.
Language:
English
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