Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Umfang: 1 online resource (913 pages) : , illustrations, maps

Ausgabe: Second edition.

ISBN: 9780128052037 , 0128052031

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation: Volume II: The Indian Ocean to the Pacific -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction to World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation -- Acknowledgments, and the Maps -- References -- Chapter 1 The Arabian Gulf -- 1.1 The Region -- 1.2 Natural Environmental Variables and Seasonality -- 1.2.1 Climate -- 1.2.2 The Gulf as an Extreme Marine Environment -- 1.3 Major Coastal and Shallow Habitats -- 1.3.1 Intertidal Habitats -- 1.3.2 Subtidal Habitats -- 1.4 Offshore Systems -- 1.5 Climate Change Impacts -- 1.6 Resources -- 1.6.1 Fisheries -- 1.6.2 Tourism -- 1.7 Human Populations Affecting the Area -- 1.7.1 Coastal Development -- 1.7.2 Wastewater -- 1.7.3 Desalination -- 1.7.4 Shipping Traffic -- 1.7.5 Overfishing -- 1.8 Management -- 1.9 Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2 Oman -- 2.1 The Seas of Oman -- 2.2 General Oceanography -- 2.2.1 Major Disturbances -- 2.3 Major Coastal and Shallow Habitats -- 2.3.1 Coral Communities and Coral Reefs -- 2.3.2 Mangroves Forests -- 2.3.3 Sea Grass Beds -- 2.3.4 Beaches -- 2.3.5 Seaweed Communities -- 2.3.6 Fauna -- 2.3.6.1 Reptiles -- 2.3.6.2 Whales and Dolphins -- 2.3.7 Fish -- 2.3.8 Molluscs -- 2.3.9 Echinoderms -- 2.3.10 Protected Areas -- 2.3.11 Climate Change Impacts -- 2.4 Human Population Affecting the Area -- 2.4.1 Pollutants and Pollution -- 2.4.1.1 Petroleum and Tar -- 2.4.1.2 Halogenated Hydrocarbons -- 2.4.1.3 Heavy Metals -- 2.4.1.4 Radioactivity -- 2.5 Resources -- 2.5.1 Fisheries -- 2.5.2 Aquaculture -- 2.5.3 Oil, Gas, and Minerals -- 2.5.4 Tourism -- 2.6 Management Regimes -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3 The Red Sea -- 3.1 The Defined Region -- 3.2 Physical Oceanography -- 3.2.1 General Circulation -- 3.2.2 Mesoscale Activity -- 3.2.3 Tides. , 3.2.4 Waves -- 3.2.5 Climate Change in the Red Sea -- 3.3 Phytoplankton Distribution Patterns -- 3.3.1 Primary Production -- 3.4 Major Coastal and Shallow Habitats -- 3.4.1 Coral Reefs -- 3.4.1.1 Benthic Assemblages -- 3.4.1.2 Fish Assemblages -- 3.4.2 Mangroves -- 3.4.3 Seagrass Beds -- 3.4.4 Soft Substrate Habitats -- 3.5 Resources and Threats to the Sustainable Use of the Red Sea -- 3.5.1 Tourism, Recreation, and Coastal Development -- 3.5.2 Fisheries -- 3.5.3 Aquaculture -- 3.5.4 Sewage, Industrial Effluents, and Solid Waste -- 3.5.5 Shipping, Oil, and Gas Production -- 3.6 Management Regimes -- 3.6.1 Conservation Measures and Legal Protective Instruments -- 3.6.2 Protected Areas -- 3.6.3 Protected Species -- 3.6.4 Deficiencies and Missing Measures -- 3.7 Summary, Prognoses, and Research Needs -- References -- Chapter 4 The Northern Mozambique Channel -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Geology -- 4.1.2 Oceanography and Productivity -- 4.1.3 Seasonality and Winds -- 4.2 The biology of the NMC -- 4.2.1 Biogeography and Biodiversity -- 4.2.2 Corals and Coral Reefs -- 4.2.3 Coral Reef Fish -- 4.2.4 Mangroves -- 4.2.5 Seagrass Beds -- 4.2.6 Tuna -- 4.2.7 Flagship Species -- 4.2.8 Connectivity and Barriers to Dispersal -- 4.3 Human Population, Pressures, and Management -- 4.3.1 Human Population -- 4.3.2 Income and Welfare -- 4.3.3 Coastal Fisheries and Aquaculture -- 4.3.4 Tuna Fishery -- 4.3.5 Tourism -- 4.3.6 Extractives-Oil and Gas -- 4.3.7 Maritime Transport and Trade -- 4.4 Climate Change -- 4.4.1 Climate Impacts -- 4.4.2 Future Climate -- 4.5 Toward Improved Management and Governance -- 4.5.1 From Sectoral and National to Integrated Regional Approaches -- 4.5.2 Green and Blue Economic Approaches -- 4.5.3 People-Centered Approaches -- 4.5.4 From Traditional to Novel Area-Based Management. , Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 5 South Africa -- 5.1 The Defined Region -- 5.1.1 Geography, Topography, and Geological Description -- 5.1.2 Physical Oceanography -- 5.2 Natural Environmental Variables -- 5.2.1 Climate -- 5.2.2 Freshwater Discharges -- 5.3 Major Marine and Coastal Habitats -- 5.3.1 Coastal and Shallow Habitats -- 5.3.1.1 Mangroves and Saltmarshes -- 5.3.1.2 Stromatolites -- 5.3.1.3 Estuaries -- 5.3.1.4 Seagrass Beds -- 5.3.1.5 Kelp Forests -- 5.3.1.6 Corals -- 5.3.2 Offshore Habitats -- 5.3.2.1 Benthic Habitats and Seamounts -- 5.3.2.2 Pelagic -- 5.4 Climate Change Impacts -- 5.4.1 Ocean Process -- 5.4.2 Sea-Level Rise -- 5.4.3 Temperature Increases -- 5.4.4 Storms -- 5.4.5 Ocean Acidification -- 5.4.6 Climate Change Adaptation -- 5.5 Influence of Human Activities on the South African Marine Environment -- 5.5.1 Cities and People, Development, and Coastal Erosion -- 5.5.2 Waste Water Discharge -- 5.5.3 Pollutants -- 5.5.4 Shipping -- 5.6 Resources -- 5.6.1 Fisheries -- 5.6.1.1 Commercial Fishing/Harvesting -- 5.6.1.2 Aquaculture -- 5.6.1.3 Subsistence Fishing -- 5.6.1.4 Challenges to SA Fisheries -- 5.6.2 Oil and Gas, Minerals -- 5.6.3 Tourism -- 5.6.4 Threats to Sustainable Use of Resources -- 5.6.5 Diversity Changes -- 5.6.5.1 Causes of Diversity Changes in South Africa -- 5.6.6 Productivity Changes -- 5.7 Management Regimes -- 5.7.1 Protection and Conservation Measures -- 5.7.2 Protected Species, Habitats, and Areas -- 5.7.2.1 Marine Areas Managed in South Africa -- 5.7.2.2 Protected Species -- 5.7.3 Deficiencies and Missing Measures -- 5.8 Summary and Prognoses -- References -- Chapter 6 Madagascar -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Coastal and Shallow Marine Habitats -- 6.3 Human Populations Affecting the Area -- 6.4 Marine Resources. , 6.4.1 Small-Scale Marine and Coastal Fisheries in Madagascar -- 6.4.1.1 Types of Small-Scale Fisheries -- 6.4.1.2 Status of Small-Scale Fisheries -- 6.4.1.3 Destructive Fishing Practises/Effects of Fishing on Marine Habitats -- 6.4.2 Management of Traditional and Artisanal Fisheries -- 6.4.2.1 Knowledge and Management Gaps and Concerns for Small-Scale Fisheries -- 6.5 Climate Change Impacts on Marine and Coastal Ecosystems and Small-Scale Fisheries -- 6.6 The Vulnerability of Coastal Fishing Communities to Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impacts -- 6.6.1 Patterns of Vulnerability and Resilience: A Review of Socioeconomic Studies -- 6.6.2 Socioeconomic Impacts-General Predictions and Priority Areas for Action -- 6.6.3 Management Regimes and Needs -- 6.7 Adaptation to Climate Change for Coastal Communities in Madagascar -- 6.7.1 Building Ecological Resilience -- 6.7.2 Alternative Livelihoods -- 6.7.3 Building Social Resilience/Adaptive Capacity -- 6.8 Conclusions and Main Recommendations -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 7 The Sundarban Delta Complex -- 7.1 The Defined Region -- 7.2 Coastal Dunes -- 7.2.1 Wind Pattern and Vigor of Wind Flow -- 7.2.2 Precipitation in the Dune Field -- 7.2.3 Association of Plant Species -- 7.2.3.1 Role of Plants in Forming Dunes -- 7.2.3.2 Role of Plants in Arresting Dune Migration -- 7.2.4 Dune Morphology and Their Stages of Formation -- 7.2.5 Human-Induced Stresses -- 7.3 Mangroves -- 7.4 Plankton in the Sundarban -- 7.4.1 Phytoplankton -- 7.4.2 Microzooplankton -- 7.4.3 Mesozooplankton -- 7.4.4 Algal Blooms -- 7.5 Pollution -- 7.5.1 Sediment Geochemistry -- 7.5.2 Trace Metals in Sediments in Bangladesh Mangrove Coastal Regions -- 7.5.3 Trace Metals in Sediments in Indian Mangrove Coastal Regions -- 7.5.4 Assessment of Sediment Trace Metal Pollution Levels. , 7.5.5 Phytoremediation by Mangrove Plants -- 7.6 Threats to Wetland Environment -- 7.6.1 Climate Change Effects -- 7.6.2 Impact on Biota -- 7.7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 8 The Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve, Southern India -- 8.1 The Defined Region -- 8.2 Geographic, Topography, Geological, and Geomorphic Descriptions -- 8.3 Physical Oceanography -- 8.4 Natural Environmental Variables and Seasonality -- 8.4.1 Climate, Rainfall and Water Resources -- 8.5 Major Coastal and Shallow Habitats -- 8.5.1 Coral Reefs -- 8.5.2 Seagrasses -- 8.5.3 Mangroves -- 8.5.4 Seaweeds -- 8.5.5 Sacred Chanks and Pearl Banks -- 8.5.6 Sea Turtles and Sea Cows -- 8.6 Climate Change Impacts -- 8.6.1 Storms and Sea Surface Temperature -- 8.6.2 Climate Change and Corals -- 8.6.3 Tsunami and Corals -- 8.7 Human Populations Affecting the Area -- 8.7.1 Coastal Erosion and Accretion -- 8.7.2 Land Reclamation -- 8.7.3 Pollutants -- 8.7.4 Population Growth -- 8.7.5 Threats to Sustainable Use of Resources -- 8.8 Management Regimes -- 8.8.1 Protection, Enforcement Mechanism, and Conservation Measures -- 8.8.2 Sustainable Ecotourism -- 8.8.3 Rehabilitation of Coastal Habitats -- 8.8.4 Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Trust -- 8.8.5 Communities' Participation -- 8.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 9 The Andaman and Nicobar Islands -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Major Coastal Habitats -- 9.2.1 Coral Reefs -- 9.2.2 Mangrove -- 9.2.3 Seagrass -- 9.2.4 Marine Sponges -- 9.2.5 Tidal Flats -- 9.3 Offshore Systems -- 9.3.1 Seamounts -- 9.3.2 Climate Change Impacts -- 9.3.2.1 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) -- 9.3.3 Human Populations Affecting the Area -- 9.3.3.1 Impact of Development on Forest -- 9.3.4 Rural and Urban Factors -- 9.3.4.1 Marine Pollution -- 9.3.4.2 Land-Based Pollution. , 9.3.4.3 Marine-Based Pollution.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780081008539

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0081008538

Sprache: Englisch