Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (600 pages) : , illustrations, tables

ISBN: 0-12-810392-2

Note: Front Cover -- Industrial Water Treatment Process Technology -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction to the Issues of Access to Safe Drinking Water -- 1.2 Worldwide Temporal and Spatial Variation of Water Resources -- 1.3 Water-Quality Standards and Sources and Classification of Pollutants -- 1.3.1 Drinking Water: Standards and Guiding Principles -- 1.3.2 Industrial Discharge Standards: MINAS -- 1.3.3 Sources of Water Pollution -- Surface Water Pollution Sources -- Groundwater Pollution Sources -- Classification of Major Water Pollutants -- 1.4 Introduction to Water Resource Management Approaches -- 1.4.1 Pollution-Prevention Approach -- 1.4.2 Flow Management Approach -- 1.4.3 Efficient Water-Use Approach -- Efficiency in Irrigation and Water Distribution -- Use of Water Footprint in Agriculture -- 1.4.4 Preservation Approach -- Rainwater Harvesting -- Preventing Groundwater Depletion: Pond Management -- Check Dams -- Rejuvenation of Inland Waterways -- Freshwater Flooded Forests -- Educating School Children -- 1.4.5 Purification Approach: Closing the Loop as Sustainable Solution -- References -- 2 Chemical Treatment Technology -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Aeration -- 2.2.1 Mechanism of Water-Quality Improvement by Aeration -- 2.2.2 Oxygen Mass Transfer in Aeration -- 2.2.3 Methods of Aeration -- Fountain or Spray-Nozzle Aerators -- Cascading-Tray Aerators -- Diffused Aerators -- Packed-Tower Stripping Aerators -- Aeration in Odor Removal -- 2.2.4 Other Oxidizing Agents in Odor Removal -- Chlorine (Cl) -- Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) -- Aeration in Removal of Iron (Fe+2) -- Aeration in Removal of Mn+2 -- 2.3 Chemical Coagulation -- 2.3.1 Alum as Coagulant and the Chemical Reactions -- 2.3.2 Ferric Sulfate as Coagulant and the Chemical Reactions -- 2.4 Chemical Neutralization. , 2.5 Chemical Oxidation -- 2.5.1 Oxidation Reactions of Chlorine During Iron Removal -- 2.5.2 Oxidation Reactions of Chlorine During Manganese Removal -- 2.5.3 Oxidation Reactions of Potassium Permanganate During Iron and Manganese Removal -- 2.6 Chemical Precipitation -- 2.6.1 Hardness of Water and Softening by Chemical Precipitation -- 2.6.2 Chemical Precipitation During Removal of Carbonate Hardness -- 2.6.3 Chemical Precipitation During Removal of Noncarbonated Hardness -- 2.6.4 Removal of Dissolved CO2 Prior to Lime Softening -- 2.6.5 Addition of CO2 After Lime Softening -- 2.6.6 Recarbonation After Water Softening: Removal of Excess CaCO3 -- 2.7 Ion Exchange -- 2.7.1 Regeneration of Ion-Exchange Material -- Zero Hardness is not Desirable -- 2.8 Disinfection of Water -- 2.8.1 Technology-based on Ozone Treatment -- 2.8.2 Technology Based on UV Radiation -- 2.8.3 Chlorination Technology -- Liquid Chlorine -- Chlorine Gas -- Calcium Hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 -- Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) -- 2.8.4 Mechanisms of Improvement of Water Quality by Chlorine-based Treatment Technology -- Water-Quality Improvement through Disinfection by Chlorine and its Compounds -- Improvement in Water Quality through Reaction of Chlorine with Iron (Fe) -- Improvement in Water Quality through Reaction with Manganese (Mn) -- Improvement in Water Quality through Reaction with Hydrogen Sulfide -- 2.8.5 Reaction Conditions for Improvement of Water Quality by Chlorination -- Effect of Temperature -- Effect of Contact Time -- Effect of Impurities -- 2.8.6 Strength of Chlorine Disinfection -- 2.8.7 Chlorine Residuals -- 2.8.8 Conventional Technology of a Typical Municipal Water-treatment Plant -- 2.8.9 Harmful Effects of Chlorine-based Treatment Technology -- 2.8.10 Determination of Chlorine Doses -- 2.8.11 Determination Lime and Soda Ash Dosages in Water Softening -- Analysis. , General Conversion Methods -- Analysis -- Computation -- 2.9 Advanced Oxidation Technology -- 2.9.1 Wet-Air Oxidation Technology Using Bubble Column Reactor -- 2.9.2 Supercritical Wet-Air Oxidation Technology (SCWO) -- 2.9.3 Purification Technology based on Fenton and Photo-Fenton Oxidation -- 2.9.4 Ozone-based Oxidation Technology -- 2.9.5 Electrochemical Oxidation Technology -- References -- 3 Biological Treatment Technology -- 3.1 Introduction to Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.2 Wastewater Biodegradability: Selection of Treatment Technology -- 3.3 Microbial Growth Kinetics: Unstructured model -- 3.3.1 Monod Kinetic Equation -- 3.3.2 Diauxic Microbial Growth -- 3.4 Bioreactor Configurations of Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.4.1 Biological Treatment Using Plug-flow Reactor Technology -- 3.4.2 Biological Treatment Using Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor Technology -- 3.4.3 Biological Treatment Using Pack Bed Reactor Technology -- 3.5 Biological Treatment Using Fluidized-Bed Reactor Technology -- 3.6 Conventional Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.6.1 Activated Sludge-based Treatment Technology and Advances -- Advances in ASP technology -- Modeling Activated Sludge Process -- Concentration of Microbial Cell (X) and Substrate (S) in Terms of MCRT and HRT -- Operating Parameters of Activated Sludge Process -- Net Specific Substrate Utilization Rate -- Food-to-microorganism Ratio (F/M) -- Recirculation Ratio -- Minimum Mean Cell Residence Time (θcmin) -- Substrate Utilization Rate -- Material Balance of the Activated Sludge Reactor as Steady-state Chemostat -- Safety Factor Consideration -- Industrial Operations: Practical Considerations and Troubleshooting -- Bulking Sludge-Problem of High Filamentous Growth -- Causes of Rising Sludge -- Troubleshooting -- Use of Selector Technology in Addressing Sludge Bulking. , General Monitoring for Stable Operation -- 3.6.2 Trickling Filter -- Operation of a Trickling Filter -- 3.6.3 Lagoon: the Low-cost Bioremediation Technology -- Anaerobic Lagoons -- Natural Aerobic Lagoon -- Facultative Stabilization Lagoon -- 3.6.4 Submerged Aerated Filter Technology -- 3.6.5 Upward Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor Technology -- 3.6.6 Rotating-Disc Biological Contactor Technology -- 3.7 Advances in Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.7.1 Introduction -- 3.7.2 Membrane-integrated Hybrid Treatment Technology -- Principles of Membrane-integrated Hybrid Treatment Technology -- Chemical Treatment -- Biological Treatment -- Principles of Membrane Separation -- Functioning of the Treatment Plant -- Materials -- Operation -- Monitoring Plant Performance -- Plant Performance Analysis -- Response Surface Optimization of Chemical Degradation Process of Cyanide using Design Expert Software -- Biological Degradation of Phenol and Ammonia -- Nanofiltration of Biologically Treated Coke Wastewater -- Effect of Cross-flow Rate and Pressure on Flux -- Effect of Transmembrane Pressure on the Rejection of COD and BOD -- Effect of Nanofiltration (NF1) on TDS, Salinity, and Conductivity -- Economic Evaluation of the Treatment Scheme -- 3.7.3 Anaerobic Anoxic Oxic process -- 3.7.4 Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation -- 3.7.5 Chemical-biological Integrated Treatment Process -- 3.8 Case Studies -- 3.8.1 Activated Sludge Process -- Design Problem 1 -- 3.8.2 Case Study 2 -- 3.8.3 Case Study 3 -- 3.8.4 Detailed Design of Activated-sludge Process -- Case 3.7.4 -- MLVSS and MLSS -- Net Biomass Yield -- Observed Biomass Yield -- 3.8.5 Calculation of COD -- COD of Glucose -- Yield of Cells -- Determine the Treatment Efficiency E -- Determination of SS of the Effluent BOD5 -- Soluble BOD5 of the Influent that Escapes Treatment. , Determination of the Overall Plant Efficiency -- Designing for the Reactor Volume -- Designing the Reactor Volume -- Determining Sludge-wasting Rate Per Day -- 3.8.6 Designing Trickling Filters -- Major Governing Parameters -- Major design parameters in standard symbol -- 3.8.7 Case Study on Trickling Filter design -- Design Conditions -- 3.8.8 Case of simultaneous BOD Removal and Nitrification -- Trickling filter with Plastic Packing -- 3.8.9 Design of a Flow-through Aerated Lagoon -- Process Design Considerations -- BOD Removal -- Effluent Characteristics -- Oxygen Requirement -- Temperature Effects -- Solid Separation -- Determine Surface Area of the Lagoon based on 7-day SRT -- Consideration of Temperature Fluctuations between Summer and Winter -- Observation and Special Considerations for Temperature Fluctuation -- Estimating Effluent BOD -- Suspended Solids in the Lagoon Effluent before Settling -- Determine the Oxygen Requirement -- References -- 4 Physicochemical Treatment Technology -- 4.1 Coagulation-Flocculation-Precipitation-Filtration -- 4.1.1 Chemical Precipitation Technology for Mobilization to Solid Phase -- 4.1.2 Enhanced Coagulation Technology -- 4.1.3 Flocculation -- Perikinetic Flocculation -- Orthokinetic Flocculation -- 4.1.4 Understanding Diffuse-Double-Layer Theory to Destabilize Colloidal Suspension -- 4.1.5 Treatment Strategies for Fast Settling of Particles -- 4.1.6 Particle Settling -- 4.1.7 Filtration -- 4.2 Physicochemical Treatment Technology Based on Coagulation-Flocculation-Settling -- 4.3 Adsorption Principles -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Adsorption Kinetic Models -- 4.3.3 Adsorbent Materials in Water Purification -- Activated Carbon -- Zeolite -- Natural Clay -- Activated Alumina -- Composite Adsorbent -- 4.4 Adsorption-Based Technology -- References -- 5 Water Treatment by Membrane-Separation Technology. , 5.1 Introduction.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-810391-4

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 599 Seiten) , Diagramme

ISBN: 9780128103920 , 0128103922

Content: Industrial Water Treatment Process Technology begins with a brief overview of the challenges in water resource management, covering issues of plenty and scarcity-spatial variation, as well as water quality standards. In this book, the author includes a clear and rigorous exposition of the various water resource management approaches such as: separation and purification (end of discharge pipe), zero discharge approach (green process development), flow management approach, and preservation and control approach. This coverage is followed by deeper discussion of individual technologies and their applications

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9780128103913

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 0128103914

Language: English

Keywords: Abwasserreinigung ; Industrieabwasser

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (600 pages) : , illustrations, tables

ISBN: 0-12-810392-2

Note: Front Cover -- Industrial Water Treatment Process Technology -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction to the Issues of Access to Safe Drinking Water -- 1.2 Worldwide Temporal and Spatial Variation of Water Resources -- 1.3 Water-Quality Standards and Sources and Classification of Pollutants -- 1.3.1 Drinking Water: Standards and Guiding Principles -- 1.3.2 Industrial Discharge Standards: MINAS -- 1.3.3 Sources of Water Pollution -- Surface Water Pollution Sources -- Groundwater Pollution Sources -- Classification of Major Water Pollutants -- 1.4 Introduction to Water Resource Management Approaches -- 1.4.1 Pollution-Prevention Approach -- 1.4.2 Flow Management Approach -- 1.4.3 Efficient Water-Use Approach -- Efficiency in Irrigation and Water Distribution -- Use of Water Footprint in Agriculture -- 1.4.4 Preservation Approach -- Rainwater Harvesting -- Preventing Groundwater Depletion: Pond Management -- Check Dams -- Rejuvenation of Inland Waterways -- Freshwater Flooded Forests -- Educating School Children -- 1.4.5 Purification Approach: Closing the Loop as Sustainable Solution -- References -- 2 Chemical Treatment Technology -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Aeration -- 2.2.1 Mechanism of Water-Quality Improvement by Aeration -- 2.2.2 Oxygen Mass Transfer in Aeration -- 2.2.3 Methods of Aeration -- Fountain or Spray-Nozzle Aerators -- Cascading-Tray Aerators -- Diffused Aerators -- Packed-Tower Stripping Aerators -- Aeration in Odor Removal -- 2.2.4 Other Oxidizing Agents in Odor Removal -- Chlorine (Cl) -- Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) -- Aeration in Removal of Iron (Fe+2) -- Aeration in Removal of Mn+2 -- 2.3 Chemical Coagulation -- 2.3.1 Alum as Coagulant and the Chemical Reactions -- 2.3.2 Ferric Sulfate as Coagulant and the Chemical Reactions -- 2.4 Chemical Neutralization. , 2.5 Chemical Oxidation -- 2.5.1 Oxidation Reactions of Chlorine During Iron Removal -- 2.5.2 Oxidation Reactions of Chlorine During Manganese Removal -- 2.5.3 Oxidation Reactions of Potassium Permanganate During Iron and Manganese Removal -- 2.6 Chemical Precipitation -- 2.6.1 Hardness of Water and Softening by Chemical Precipitation -- 2.6.2 Chemical Precipitation During Removal of Carbonate Hardness -- 2.6.3 Chemical Precipitation During Removal of Noncarbonated Hardness -- 2.6.4 Removal of Dissolved CO2 Prior to Lime Softening -- 2.6.5 Addition of CO2 After Lime Softening -- 2.6.6 Recarbonation After Water Softening: Removal of Excess CaCO3 -- 2.7 Ion Exchange -- 2.7.1 Regeneration of Ion-Exchange Material -- Zero Hardness is not Desirable -- 2.8 Disinfection of Water -- 2.8.1 Technology-based on Ozone Treatment -- 2.8.2 Technology Based on UV Radiation -- 2.8.3 Chlorination Technology -- Liquid Chlorine -- Chlorine Gas -- Calcium Hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 -- Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) -- 2.8.4 Mechanisms of Improvement of Water Quality by Chlorine-based Treatment Technology -- Water-Quality Improvement through Disinfection by Chlorine and its Compounds -- Improvement in Water Quality through Reaction of Chlorine with Iron (Fe) -- Improvement in Water Quality through Reaction with Manganese (Mn) -- Improvement in Water Quality through Reaction with Hydrogen Sulfide -- 2.8.5 Reaction Conditions for Improvement of Water Quality by Chlorination -- Effect of Temperature -- Effect of Contact Time -- Effect of Impurities -- 2.8.6 Strength of Chlorine Disinfection -- 2.8.7 Chlorine Residuals -- 2.8.8 Conventional Technology of a Typical Municipal Water-treatment Plant -- 2.8.9 Harmful Effects of Chlorine-based Treatment Technology -- 2.8.10 Determination of Chlorine Doses -- 2.8.11 Determination Lime and Soda Ash Dosages in Water Softening -- Analysis. , General Conversion Methods -- Analysis -- Computation -- 2.9 Advanced Oxidation Technology -- 2.9.1 Wet-Air Oxidation Technology Using Bubble Column Reactor -- 2.9.2 Supercritical Wet-Air Oxidation Technology (SCWO) -- 2.9.3 Purification Technology based on Fenton and Photo-Fenton Oxidation -- 2.9.4 Ozone-based Oxidation Technology -- 2.9.5 Electrochemical Oxidation Technology -- References -- 3 Biological Treatment Technology -- 3.1 Introduction to Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.2 Wastewater Biodegradability: Selection of Treatment Technology -- 3.3 Microbial Growth Kinetics: Unstructured model -- 3.3.1 Monod Kinetic Equation -- 3.3.2 Diauxic Microbial Growth -- 3.4 Bioreactor Configurations of Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.4.1 Biological Treatment Using Plug-flow Reactor Technology -- 3.4.2 Biological Treatment Using Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor Technology -- 3.4.3 Biological Treatment Using Pack Bed Reactor Technology -- 3.5 Biological Treatment Using Fluidized-Bed Reactor Technology -- 3.6 Conventional Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.6.1 Activated Sludge-based Treatment Technology and Advances -- Advances in ASP technology -- Modeling Activated Sludge Process -- Concentration of Microbial Cell (X) and Substrate (S) in Terms of MCRT and HRT -- Operating Parameters of Activated Sludge Process -- Net Specific Substrate Utilization Rate -- Food-to-microorganism Ratio (F/M) -- Recirculation Ratio -- Minimum Mean Cell Residence Time (θcmin) -- Substrate Utilization Rate -- Material Balance of the Activated Sludge Reactor as Steady-state Chemostat -- Safety Factor Consideration -- Industrial Operations: Practical Considerations and Troubleshooting -- Bulking Sludge-Problem of High Filamentous Growth -- Causes of Rising Sludge -- Troubleshooting -- Use of Selector Technology in Addressing Sludge Bulking. , General Monitoring for Stable Operation -- 3.6.2 Trickling Filter -- Operation of a Trickling Filter -- 3.6.3 Lagoon: the Low-cost Bioremediation Technology -- Anaerobic Lagoons -- Natural Aerobic Lagoon -- Facultative Stabilization Lagoon -- 3.6.4 Submerged Aerated Filter Technology -- 3.6.5 Upward Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor Technology -- 3.6.6 Rotating-Disc Biological Contactor Technology -- 3.7 Advances in Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.7.1 Introduction -- 3.7.2 Membrane-integrated Hybrid Treatment Technology -- Principles of Membrane-integrated Hybrid Treatment Technology -- Chemical Treatment -- Biological Treatment -- Principles of Membrane Separation -- Functioning of the Treatment Plant -- Materials -- Operation -- Monitoring Plant Performance -- Plant Performance Analysis -- Response Surface Optimization of Chemical Degradation Process of Cyanide using Design Expert Software -- Biological Degradation of Phenol and Ammonia -- Nanofiltration of Biologically Treated Coke Wastewater -- Effect of Cross-flow Rate and Pressure on Flux -- Effect of Transmembrane Pressure on the Rejection of COD and BOD -- Effect of Nanofiltration (NF1) on TDS, Salinity, and Conductivity -- Economic Evaluation of the Treatment Scheme -- 3.7.3 Anaerobic Anoxic Oxic process -- 3.7.4 Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation -- 3.7.5 Chemical-biological Integrated Treatment Process -- 3.8 Case Studies -- 3.8.1 Activated Sludge Process -- Design Problem 1 -- 3.8.2 Case Study 2 -- 3.8.3 Case Study 3 -- 3.8.4 Detailed Design of Activated-sludge Process -- Case 3.7.4 -- MLVSS and MLSS -- Net Biomass Yield -- Observed Biomass Yield -- 3.8.5 Calculation of COD -- COD of Glucose -- Yield of Cells -- Determine the Treatment Efficiency E -- Determination of SS of the Effluent BOD5 -- Soluble BOD5 of the Influent that Escapes Treatment. , Determination of the Overall Plant Efficiency -- Designing for the Reactor Volume -- Designing the Reactor Volume -- Determining Sludge-wasting Rate Per Day -- 3.8.6 Designing Trickling Filters -- Major Governing Parameters -- Major design parameters in standard symbol -- 3.8.7 Case Study on Trickling Filter design -- Design Conditions -- 3.8.8 Case of simultaneous BOD Removal and Nitrification -- Trickling filter with Plastic Packing -- 3.8.9 Design of a Flow-through Aerated Lagoon -- Process Design Considerations -- BOD Removal -- Effluent Characteristics -- Oxygen Requirement -- Temperature Effects -- Solid Separation -- Determine Surface Area of the Lagoon based on 7-day SRT -- Consideration of Temperature Fluctuations between Summer and Winter -- Observation and Special Considerations for Temperature Fluctuation -- Estimating Effluent BOD -- Suspended Solids in the Lagoon Effluent before Settling -- Determine the Oxygen Requirement -- References -- 4 Physicochemical Treatment Technology -- 4.1 Coagulation-Flocculation-Precipitation-Filtration -- 4.1.1 Chemical Precipitation Technology for Mobilization to Solid Phase -- 4.1.2 Enhanced Coagulation Technology -- 4.1.3 Flocculation -- Perikinetic Flocculation -- Orthokinetic Flocculation -- 4.1.4 Understanding Diffuse-Double-Layer Theory to Destabilize Colloidal Suspension -- 4.1.5 Treatment Strategies for Fast Settling of Particles -- 4.1.6 Particle Settling -- 4.1.7 Filtration -- 4.2 Physicochemical Treatment Technology Based on Coagulation-Flocculation-Settling -- 4.3 Adsorption Principles -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Adsorption Kinetic Models -- 4.3.3 Adsorbent Materials in Water Purification -- Activated Carbon -- Zeolite -- Natural Clay -- Activated Alumina -- Composite Adsorbent -- 4.4 Adsorption-Based Technology -- References -- 5 Water Treatment by Membrane-Separation Technology. , 5.1 Introduction.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-810391-4

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (600 pages) : , illustrations, tables

ISBN: 0-12-810392-2

Note: Front Cover -- Industrial Water Treatment Process Technology -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction to the Issues of Access to Safe Drinking Water -- 1.2 Worldwide Temporal and Spatial Variation of Water Resources -- 1.3 Water-Quality Standards and Sources and Classification of Pollutants -- 1.3.1 Drinking Water: Standards and Guiding Principles -- 1.3.2 Industrial Discharge Standards: MINAS -- 1.3.3 Sources of Water Pollution -- Surface Water Pollution Sources -- Groundwater Pollution Sources -- Classification of Major Water Pollutants -- 1.4 Introduction to Water Resource Management Approaches -- 1.4.1 Pollution-Prevention Approach -- 1.4.2 Flow Management Approach -- 1.4.3 Efficient Water-Use Approach -- Efficiency in Irrigation and Water Distribution -- Use of Water Footprint in Agriculture -- 1.4.4 Preservation Approach -- Rainwater Harvesting -- Preventing Groundwater Depletion: Pond Management -- Check Dams -- Rejuvenation of Inland Waterways -- Freshwater Flooded Forests -- Educating School Children -- 1.4.5 Purification Approach: Closing the Loop as Sustainable Solution -- References -- 2 Chemical Treatment Technology -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Aeration -- 2.2.1 Mechanism of Water-Quality Improvement by Aeration -- 2.2.2 Oxygen Mass Transfer in Aeration -- 2.2.3 Methods of Aeration -- Fountain or Spray-Nozzle Aerators -- Cascading-Tray Aerators -- Diffused Aerators -- Packed-Tower Stripping Aerators -- Aeration in Odor Removal -- 2.2.4 Other Oxidizing Agents in Odor Removal -- Chlorine (Cl) -- Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) -- Aeration in Removal of Iron (Fe+2) -- Aeration in Removal of Mn+2 -- 2.3 Chemical Coagulation -- 2.3.1 Alum as Coagulant and the Chemical Reactions -- 2.3.2 Ferric Sulfate as Coagulant and the Chemical Reactions -- 2.4 Chemical Neutralization. , 2.5 Chemical Oxidation -- 2.5.1 Oxidation Reactions of Chlorine During Iron Removal -- 2.5.2 Oxidation Reactions of Chlorine During Manganese Removal -- 2.5.3 Oxidation Reactions of Potassium Permanganate During Iron and Manganese Removal -- 2.6 Chemical Precipitation -- 2.6.1 Hardness of Water and Softening by Chemical Precipitation -- 2.6.2 Chemical Precipitation During Removal of Carbonate Hardness -- 2.6.3 Chemical Precipitation During Removal of Noncarbonated Hardness -- 2.6.4 Removal of Dissolved CO2 Prior to Lime Softening -- 2.6.5 Addition of CO2 After Lime Softening -- 2.6.6 Recarbonation After Water Softening: Removal of Excess CaCO3 -- 2.7 Ion Exchange -- 2.7.1 Regeneration of Ion-Exchange Material -- Zero Hardness is not Desirable -- 2.8 Disinfection of Water -- 2.8.1 Technology-based on Ozone Treatment -- 2.8.2 Technology Based on UV Radiation -- 2.8.3 Chlorination Technology -- Liquid Chlorine -- Chlorine Gas -- Calcium Hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 -- Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) -- 2.8.4 Mechanisms of Improvement of Water Quality by Chlorine-based Treatment Technology -- Water-Quality Improvement through Disinfection by Chlorine and its Compounds -- Improvement in Water Quality through Reaction of Chlorine with Iron (Fe) -- Improvement in Water Quality through Reaction with Manganese (Mn) -- Improvement in Water Quality through Reaction with Hydrogen Sulfide -- 2.8.5 Reaction Conditions for Improvement of Water Quality by Chlorination -- Effect of Temperature -- Effect of Contact Time -- Effect of Impurities -- 2.8.6 Strength of Chlorine Disinfection -- 2.8.7 Chlorine Residuals -- 2.8.8 Conventional Technology of a Typical Municipal Water-treatment Plant -- 2.8.9 Harmful Effects of Chlorine-based Treatment Technology -- 2.8.10 Determination of Chlorine Doses -- 2.8.11 Determination Lime and Soda Ash Dosages in Water Softening -- Analysis. , General Conversion Methods -- Analysis -- Computation -- 2.9 Advanced Oxidation Technology -- 2.9.1 Wet-Air Oxidation Technology Using Bubble Column Reactor -- 2.9.2 Supercritical Wet-Air Oxidation Technology (SCWO) -- 2.9.3 Purification Technology based on Fenton and Photo-Fenton Oxidation -- 2.9.4 Ozone-based Oxidation Technology -- 2.9.5 Electrochemical Oxidation Technology -- References -- 3 Biological Treatment Technology -- 3.1 Introduction to Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.2 Wastewater Biodegradability: Selection of Treatment Technology -- 3.3 Microbial Growth Kinetics: Unstructured model -- 3.3.1 Monod Kinetic Equation -- 3.3.2 Diauxic Microbial Growth -- 3.4 Bioreactor Configurations of Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.4.1 Biological Treatment Using Plug-flow Reactor Technology -- 3.4.2 Biological Treatment Using Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor Technology -- 3.4.3 Biological Treatment Using Pack Bed Reactor Technology -- 3.5 Biological Treatment Using Fluidized-Bed Reactor Technology -- 3.6 Conventional Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.6.1 Activated Sludge-based Treatment Technology and Advances -- Advances in ASP technology -- Modeling Activated Sludge Process -- Concentration of Microbial Cell (X) and Substrate (S) in Terms of MCRT and HRT -- Operating Parameters of Activated Sludge Process -- Net Specific Substrate Utilization Rate -- Food-to-microorganism Ratio (F/M) -- Recirculation Ratio -- Minimum Mean Cell Residence Time (θcmin) -- Substrate Utilization Rate -- Material Balance of the Activated Sludge Reactor as Steady-state Chemostat -- Safety Factor Consideration -- Industrial Operations: Practical Considerations and Troubleshooting -- Bulking Sludge-Problem of High Filamentous Growth -- Causes of Rising Sludge -- Troubleshooting -- Use of Selector Technology in Addressing Sludge Bulking. , General Monitoring for Stable Operation -- 3.6.2 Trickling Filter -- Operation of a Trickling Filter -- 3.6.3 Lagoon: the Low-cost Bioremediation Technology -- Anaerobic Lagoons -- Natural Aerobic Lagoon -- Facultative Stabilization Lagoon -- 3.6.4 Submerged Aerated Filter Technology -- 3.6.5 Upward Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor Technology -- 3.6.6 Rotating-Disc Biological Contactor Technology -- 3.7 Advances in Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.7.1 Introduction -- 3.7.2 Membrane-integrated Hybrid Treatment Technology -- Principles of Membrane-integrated Hybrid Treatment Technology -- Chemical Treatment -- Biological Treatment -- Principles of Membrane Separation -- Functioning of the Treatment Plant -- Materials -- Operation -- Monitoring Plant Performance -- Plant Performance Analysis -- Response Surface Optimization of Chemical Degradation Process of Cyanide using Design Expert Software -- Biological Degradation of Phenol and Ammonia -- Nanofiltration of Biologically Treated Coke Wastewater -- Effect of Cross-flow Rate and Pressure on Flux -- Effect of Transmembrane Pressure on the Rejection of COD and BOD -- Effect of Nanofiltration (NF1) on TDS, Salinity, and Conductivity -- Economic Evaluation of the Treatment Scheme -- 3.7.3 Anaerobic Anoxic Oxic process -- 3.7.4 Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation -- 3.7.5 Chemical-biological Integrated Treatment Process -- 3.8 Case Studies -- 3.8.1 Activated Sludge Process -- Design Problem 1 -- 3.8.2 Case Study 2 -- 3.8.3 Case Study 3 -- 3.8.4 Detailed Design of Activated-sludge Process -- Case 3.7.4 -- MLVSS and MLSS -- Net Biomass Yield -- Observed Biomass Yield -- 3.8.5 Calculation of COD -- COD of Glucose -- Yield of Cells -- Determine the Treatment Efficiency E -- Determination of SS of the Effluent BOD5 -- Soluble BOD5 of the Influent that Escapes Treatment. , Determination of the Overall Plant Efficiency -- Designing for the Reactor Volume -- Designing the Reactor Volume -- Determining Sludge-wasting Rate Per Day -- 3.8.6 Designing Trickling Filters -- Major Governing Parameters -- Major design parameters in standard symbol -- 3.8.7 Case Study on Trickling Filter design -- Design Conditions -- 3.8.8 Case of simultaneous BOD Removal and Nitrification -- Trickling filter with Plastic Packing -- 3.8.9 Design of a Flow-through Aerated Lagoon -- Process Design Considerations -- BOD Removal -- Effluent Characteristics -- Oxygen Requirement -- Temperature Effects -- Solid Separation -- Determine Surface Area of the Lagoon based on 7-day SRT -- Consideration of Temperature Fluctuations between Summer and Winter -- Observation and Special Considerations for Temperature Fluctuation -- Estimating Effluent BOD -- Suspended Solids in the Lagoon Effluent before Settling -- Determine the Oxygen Requirement -- References -- 4 Physicochemical Treatment Technology -- 4.1 Coagulation-Flocculation-Precipitation-Filtration -- 4.1.1 Chemical Precipitation Technology for Mobilization to Solid Phase -- 4.1.2 Enhanced Coagulation Technology -- 4.1.3 Flocculation -- Perikinetic Flocculation -- Orthokinetic Flocculation -- 4.1.4 Understanding Diffuse-Double-Layer Theory to Destabilize Colloidal Suspension -- 4.1.5 Treatment Strategies for Fast Settling of Particles -- 4.1.6 Particle Settling -- 4.1.7 Filtration -- 4.2 Physicochemical Treatment Technology Based on Coagulation-Flocculation-Settling -- 4.3 Adsorption Principles -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Adsorption Kinetic Models -- 4.3.3 Adsorbent Materials in Water Purification -- Activated Carbon -- Zeolite -- Natural Clay -- Activated Alumina -- Composite Adsorbent -- 4.4 Adsorption-Based Technology -- References -- 5 Water Treatment by Membrane-Separation Technology. , 5.1 Introduction.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-810391-4

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (600 pages) : , illustrations, tables

ISBN: 0-12-810392-2

Note: Front Cover -- Industrial Water Treatment Process Technology -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction to the Issues of Access to Safe Drinking Water -- 1.2 Worldwide Temporal and Spatial Variation of Water Resources -- 1.3 Water-Quality Standards and Sources and Classification of Pollutants -- 1.3.1 Drinking Water: Standards and Guiding Principles -- 1.3.2 Industrial Discharge Standards: MINAS -- 1.3.3 Sources of Water Pollution -- Surface Water Pollution Sources -- Groundwater Pollution Sources -- Classification of Major Water Pollutants -- 1.4 Introduction to Water Resource Management Approaches -- 1.4.1 Pollution-Prevention Approach -- 1.4.2 Flow Management Approach -- 1.4.3 Efficient Water-Use Approach -- Efficiency in Irrigation and Water Distribution -- Use of Water Footprint in Agriculture -- 1.4.4 Preservation Approach -- Rainwater Harvesting -- Preventing Groundwater Depletion: Pond Management -- Check Dams -- Rejuvenation of Inland Waterways -- Freshwater Flooded Forests -- Educating School Children -- 1.4.5 Purification Approach: Closing the Loop as Sustainable Solution -- References -- 2 Chemical Treatment Technology -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Aeration -- 2.2.1 Mechanism of Water-Quality Improvement by Aeration -- 2.2.2 Oxygen Mass Transfer in Aeration -- 2.2.3 Methods of Aeration -- Fountain or Spray-Nozzle Aerators -- Cascading-Tray Aerators -- Diffused Aerators -- Packed-Tower Stripping Aerators -- Aeration in Odor Removal -- 2.2.4 Other Oxidizing Agents in Odor Removal -- Chlorine (Cl) -- Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) -- Aeration in Removal of Iron (Fe+2) -- Aeration in Removal of Mn+2 -- 2.3 Chemical Coagulation -- 2.3.1 Alum as Coagulant and the Chemical Reactions -- 2.3.2 Ferric Sulfate as Coagulant and the Chemical Reactions -- 2.4 Chemical Neutralization. , 2.5 Chemical Oxidation -- 2.5.1 Oxidation Reactions of Chlorine During Iron Removal -- 2.5.2 Oxidation Reactions of Chlorine During Manganese Removal -- 2.5.3 Oxidation Reactions of Potassium Permanganate During Iron and Manganese Removal -- 2.6 Chemical Precipitation -- 2.6.1 Hardness of Water and Softening by Chemical Precipitation -- 2.6.2 Chemical Precipitation During Removal of Carbonate Hardness -- 2.6.3 Chemical Precipitation During Removal of Noncarbonated Hardness -- 2.6.4 Removal of Dissolved CO2 Prior to Lime Softening -- 2.6.5 Addition of CO2 After Lime Softening -- 2.6.6 Recarbonation After Water Softening: Removal of Excess CaCO3 -- 2.7 Ion Exchange -- 2.7.1 Regeneration of Ion-Exchange Material -- Zero Hardness is not Desirable -- 2.8 Disinfection of Water -- 2.8.1 Technology-based on Ozone Treatment -- 2.8.2 Technology Based on UV Radiation -- 2.8.3 Chlorination Technology -- Liquid Chlorine -- Chlorine Gas -- Calcium Hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 -- Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) -- 2.8.4 Mechanisms of Improvement of Water Quality by Chlorine-based Treatment Technology -- Water-Quality Improvement through Disinfection by Chlorine and its Compounds -- Improvement in Water Quality through Reaction of Chlorine with Iron (Fe) -- Improvement in Water Quality through Reaction with Manganese (Mn) -- Improvement in Water Quality through Reaction with Hydrogen Sulfide -- 2.8.5 Reaction Conditions for Improvement of Water Quality by Chlorination -- Effect of Temperature -- Effect of Contact Time -- Effect of Impurities -- 2.8.6 Strength of Chlorine Disinfection -- 2.8.7 Chlorine Residuals -- 2.8.8 Conventional Technology of a Typical Municipal Water-treatment Plant -- 2.8.9 Harmful Effects of Chlorine-based Treatment Technology -- 2.8.10 Determination of Chlorine Doses -- 2.8.11 Determination Lime and Soda Ash Dosages in Water Softening -- Analysis. , General Conversion Methods -- Analysis -- Computation -- 2.9 Advanced Oxidation Technology -- 2.9.1 Wet-Air Oxidation Technology Using Bubble Column Reactor -- 2.9.2 Supercritical Wet-Air Oxidation Technology (SCWO) -- 2.9.3 Purification Technology based on Fenton and Photo-Fenton Oxidation -- 2.9.4 Ozone-based Oxidation Technology -- 2.9.5 Electrochemical Oxidation Technology -- References -- 3 Biological Treatment Technology -- 3.1 Introduction to Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.2 Wastewater Biodegradability: Selection of Treatment Technology -- 3.3 Microbial Growth Kinetics: Unstructured model -- 3.3.1 Monod Kinetic Equation -- 3.3.2 Diauxic Microbial Growth -- 3.4 Bioreactor Configurations of Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.4.1 Biological Treatment Using Plug-flow Reactor Technology -- 3.4.2 Biological Treatment Using Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor Technology -- 3.4.3 Biological Treatment Using Pack Bed Reactor Technology -- 3.5 Biological Treatment Using Fluidized-Bed Reactor Technology -- 3.6 Conventional Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.6.1 Activated Sludge-based Treatment Technology and Advances -- Advances in ASP technology -- Modeling Activated Sludge Process -- Concentration of Microbial Cell (X) and Substrate (S) in Terms of MCRT and HRT -- Operating Parameters of Activated Sludge Process -- Net Specific Substrate Utilization Rate -- Food-to-microorganism Ratio (F/M) -- Recirculation Ratio -- Minimum Mean Cell Residence Time (θcmin) -- Substrate Utilization Rate -- Material Balance of the Activated Sludge Reactor as Steady-state Chemostat -- Safety Factor Consideration -- Industrial Operations: Practical Considerations and Troubleshooting -- Bulking Sludge-Problem of High Filamentous Growth -- Causes of Rising Sludge -- Troubleshooting -- Use of Selector Technology in Addressing Sludge Bulking. , General Monitoring for Stable Operation -- 3.6.2 Trickling Filter -- Operation of a Trickling Filter -- 3.6.3 Lagoon: the Low-cost Bioremediation Technology -- Anaerobic Lagoons -- Natural Aerobic Lagoon -- Facultative Stabilization Lagoon -- 3.6.4 Submerged Aerated Filter Technology -- 3.6.5 Upward Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor Technology -- 3.6.6 Rotating-Disc Biological Contactor Technology -- 3.7 Advances in Biological Treatment Technologies -- 3.7.1 Introduction -- 3.7.2 Membrane-integrated Hybrid Treatment Technology -- Principles of Membrane-integrated Hybrid Treatment Technology -- Chemical Treatment -- Biological Treatment -- Principles of Membrane Separation -- Functioning of the Treatment Plant -- Materials -- Operation -- Monitoring Plant Performance -- Plant Performance Analysis -- Response Surface Optimization of Chemical Degradation Process of Cyanide using Design Expert Software -- Biological Degradation of Phenol and Ammonia -- Nanofiltration of Biologically Treated Coke Wastewater -- Effect of Cross-flow Rate and Pressure on Flux -- Effect of Transmembrane Pressure on the Rejection of COD and BOD -- Effect of Nanofiltration (NF1) on TDS, Salinity, and Conductivity -- Economic Evaluation of the Treatment Scheme -- 3.7.3 Anaerobic Anoxic Oxic process -- 3.7.4 Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation -- 3.7.5 Chemical-biological Integrated Treatment Process -- 3.8 Case Studies -- 3.8.1 Activated Sludge Process -- Design Problem 1 -- 3.8.2 Case Study 2 -- 3.8.3 Case Study 3 -- 3.8.4 Detailed Design of Activated-sludge Process -- Case 3.7.4 -- MLVSS and MLSS -- Net Biomass Yield -- Observed Biomass Yield -- 3.8.5 Calculation of COD -- COD of Glucose -- Yield of Cells -- Determine the Treatment Efficiency E -- Determination of SS of the Effluent BOD5 -- Soluble BOD5 of the Influent that Escapes Treatment. , Determination of the Overall Plant Efficiency -- Designing for the Reactor Volume -- Designing the Reactor Volume -- Determining Sludge-wasting Rate Per Day -- 3.8.6 Designing Trickling Filters -- Major Governing Parameters -- Major design parameters in standard symbol -- 3.8.7 Case Study on Trickling Filter design -- Design Conditions -- 3.8.8 Case of simultaneous BOD Removal and Nitrification -- Trickling filter with Plastic Packing -- 3.8.9 Design of a Flow-through Aerated Lagoon -- Process Design Considerations -- BOD Removal -- Effluent Characteristics -- Oxygen Requirement -- Temperature Effects -- Solid Separation -- Determine Surface Area of the Lagoon based on 7-day SRT -- Consideration of Temperature Fluctuations between Summer and Winter -- Observation and Special Considerations for Temperature Fluctuation -- Estimating Effluent BOD -- Suspended Solids in the Lagoon Effluent before Settling -- Determine the Oxygen Requirement -- References -- 4 Physicochemical Treatment Technology -- 4.1 Coagulation-Flocculation-Precipitation-Filtration -- 4.1.1 Chemical Precipitation Technology for Mobilization to Solid Phase -- 4.1.2 Enhanced Coagulation Technology -- 4.1.3 Flocculation -- Perikinetic Flocculation -- Orthokinetic Flocculation -- 4.1.4 Understanding Diffuse-Double-Layer Theory to Destabilize Colloidal Suspension -- 4.1.5 Treatment Strategies for Fast Settling of Particles -- 4.1.6 Particle Settling -- 4.1.7 Filtration -- 4.2 Physicochemical Treatment Technology Based on Coagulation-Flocculation-Settling -- 4.3 Adsorption Principles -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Adsorption Kinetic Models -- 4.3.3 Adsorbent Materials in Water Purification -- Activated Carbon -- Zeolite -- Natural Clay -- Activated Alumina -- Composite Adsorbent -- 4.4 Adsorption-Based Technology -- References -- 5 Water Treatment by Membrane-Separation Technology. , 5.1 Introduction.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-810391-4

Language: English