Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (396 pages) : , illustrations, tables

ISBN: 0-12-813461-5

Uniform Title: Antimicrobial stewardship (Pulcini)

Note: Front Cover -- Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword by Prof. Mario Poljak -- Introduction by Murat Akova -- Introduction by Jesús Rodríguez-Baño -- Introduction by Evelina Tacconelli -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Section A: The Global Picture of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance -- Chapter 1: The Global Crisis of Antimicrobial Resistance -- Introduction -- Mechanisms of AMR -- Intrinsic Resistance -- Acquired Resistance -- Prevention of Access to Target -- Reduced Permeability -- Increased Efflux Pumps -- Target Modification of the Antibiotic by Genetic Mutation or Posttranslational Modification -- Direct Modification of Antibiotics -- Degradation of Antibiotics by Enzyme Hydrolysis -- Inactivation of Antibiotics by Transfer of a Chemical Group -- AMR in Gram-Positives -- AMR in Gram-Negatives -- References -- Chapter 2: Antimicrobial Stewardship: Efficacy and Implementation of Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Overuse and Resi ... -- Introduction -- The Relationship Between Antibiotic Use and Drug Resistance -- The Evidence Supporting Antimicrobial Stewardship Strategies -- Choosing a Stewardship Strategy -- Implementation of an ASP in Nontertiary Care Settings -- Building the Stewardship Team -- Messaging the Importance of antimicrobial stewardship -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Quality Indicators and Quantity Metrics of Antibiotic Use -- Quality Versus Performance Indicators -- Measuring Performance -- Quantity Metrics and Quality Indicators of Antibiotic Use: What is the Difference? -- Quantity Metrics -- Outpatient and Inpatient Antibiotic Use: How to Measure? -- International Recommendations -- Wide Variations in the Literature -- Quality Indicators -- Outpatient Quality Indicators -- Inpatient QIs -- Conclusion -- References -- Section B: AMS Strategies. , Chapter 4: Improving Antimicrobial Prescribing: Input from Behavioral Strategies and Quality Improvement Methods -- Stewardship Interventions -- Effectiveness of Behavioral Stewardship Interventions -- The Importance of Understanding the Key Drivers of Current Prescribing Behavior -- The Key Drivers of Current Antimicrobial Prescribing Behavior -- Use of Theories in Selecting and Developing Behavioral Stewardship Interventions -- Use of Systematic Reviews of Behavioral Interventions in Selecting and Developing Behavioral Stewardship Interventions -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Education of Healthcare Professionals on Responsible Antimicrobial Prescribing -- Introduction -- Undergraduate Education of Prescribers -- What Content Should Be Included for Undergraduates? -- How Should Content Be Structured and Delivered in an Undergraduate Program? -- Postgraduate Education of Prescribers -- Medical Doctors in Training (Internship, Specialization) -- Continuing Medical Education and Continuing Professional Development -- Types of Educational Activities for Healthcare Professionals -- Education of Other Healthcare Professionals in Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Competencies in Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Key Issues -- Steps Forward -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 6: Rapid Diagnostics and Biomarkers for Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Introduction -- Rapid Diagnostic Tests -- Why Do We Need Rapid Diagnostic Tests? -- Novel Technologies to Speed up Microbial Identification -- Application of Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Different Clinical Scenarios -- Selection and Implementation of Rapid Diagnostic Tests at a Local Level -- Biomarkers -- The Ideal Biomarker for Clinical Use in Infectious Diseases -- C-Reactive Protein -- Procalcitonin -- Implementation of a Biomarker-Based Strategy to Guide Antimicrobial Therapy -- Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 7: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Tools to Increase Efficacy -- Introduction -- PK/PD of Antimicrobials: Efficacy and Resistance -- Dose Optimisation Strategies -- Alternative Dosing Strategies -- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Approaches for Dose Modification -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: The Use of Computerized Decision Support Systems to Support Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs -- Introduction -- Passive Decision Support and Mobile Applications -- Back-End Computerized Decision Support and Surveillance Systems -- Antimicrobial Restriction/Approval Based Systems -- Electronic Prescribing Systems (With or Without CDSS) -- Advanced Decision Support -- Implementation Barriers -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: The Role of Microbiology Laboratory in Promoting Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Introduction -- Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) -- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing -- Communication between AMS team members -- References -- Chapter 10: The Role of Pharmacists -- Introduction -- Hospital Pharmacy -- Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs -- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Dose Optimisation -- Audit and Feedback -- Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption and Linking to Resistance -- Procurement, Medicines Preparation and Managing Shortages -- Risk Management -- Education of Healthcare, Staff and Patients -- Primary Care Pharmacy -- Community Pharmacy -- References -- Chapter 11: The Roles of Nurses in Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Introduction -- Nurses With Prescribing Rights -- Nonprescribing Staff Nurses in Hospitals, in the Outpatient Setting and in Long Term Care Facilities -- What Could Be Done? -- What Needs to Be Addressed? -- Nurses Working Within an AMS Team -- Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 12: Antifungal Stewardship -- Introduction -- Basic Principles of Antifungal Stewardship. , Invasive Candidiasis -- Diagnosis (Table 3) -- Use of Cultures for the Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis -- Is There a Useful Biomarker or a Molecular Diagnostic Tool for the Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis? -- What Should Be Done for Detection of Distant Foci? -- Is There a "Pre-Emptive" Modality for the Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis? -- Are Antifungal Susceptibility Tests Helpful for the Management of Invasive Candidiasis? -- How to Choose an Antifungal Drug -- C. parapsilosis: Treat With What? -- What is the Duration of Therapy? -- When to Switch to Oral Therapy? -- What About Intravascular Catheters? -- Approach to Candiduria -- Candida Growth in Respiratory Specimens -- Candida Colonization: Does It Matter? -- What Are the Differences in the Management of Candidiasis Among Neutropenic and Nonneutropenic Patients? -- Antifungal Prophylaxis -- Invasive Aspergillosis -- Diagnosis -- The Role of "Conventional" Microbiology in the Diagnosis of IA: Microscopy, Stains, and Culture -- Is There a Useful Biomarker or a Molecular Diagnostic Tool for the Diagnosis of IA? -- The Role of Radiology in the Diagnosis of IA -- Antifungal Susceptibility Tests for the Management of IA -- Primary Prophylaxis -- Secondary Prophylaxis -- References -- Section C: AMS in Specific Clinical Settings -- Chapter 13: Optimising Prescribing for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections as an Example for Antimicrobial Stewardship in ... -- Antibiotics in Primary Care -- Barriers to Rational Use of Antibiotics -- Approaches to AMS in Primary Care -- Communication -- Lab-Tests and Biomarkers -- Systematic Prescribing Feedback -- Governance and the Public -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Antimicrobial Stewardship: What to Tell the Patients and the General Public -- Background -- Studies of Patient Satisfaction -- Knowledge on Antimicrobials and Resistance -- Campaigns. , Measuring the Impact of Interventions -- Campaign Messages -- References -- Chapter 15: Antimicrobial Stewardship in Long-Term Care Facilities -- Introduction -- Antibiotic Use in LTCFs -- Bacterial Resistance in LTCFs -- Antibiotic Prescribing: A Challenge in LTCFs -- Difficult Decision-Making Process: High Level of Diagnostic Uncertainty -- Healthcare Organization and Culture -- Lack of Local Resistance and Antibiotic Use Data -- High Prevalence of Bacterial Colonization -- Antibiotic Use and End-of-Life Care -- Patients' and Families' Expectations -- Guidelines -- Lack of Awareness of the Bacterial Resistance Problem -- Potential Strategies to Improve Antibiotic Use in LTCFs -- Where to Start? -- Limit Antibiotic Prescriptions Without a Clinical Examination -- Education -- Microbiological Investigations -- Reassess Antibiotic Prescriptions Around Day 3 -- Role of the Microbiology Laboratory -- Rapid and Point-of-Care Diagnostic Tests -- Innovative Strategies Need to be Tested -- Regulatory Measures -- Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 16: Antimicrobial Stewardship in ICU -- Introduction -- Definition of AMS in the ICU, Rationale for Stewardship. Who Does What? -- Appropriate Diagnostics in Suspected Bacterial Infections in ICU Patients -- Selection of Initial Antibiotic Therapy and Timeliness -- Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamics-Optimized Antimicrobial Therapy -- PK/PD Optimized Therapy-Putting the Pieces of the Puzzle Together -- Step 1. Selecting the PK/PD Target -- Step 2. Front Loading -- Step 3. Optimized Maintenance Dose -- Antimicrobial Therapy De-escalation -- Shortening Antimicrobial Treatment Duration -- Implementing a Structured Antibiotic stewardship Program -- Measuring Effectiveness of an AMS in ICU: Quality Indicators and Bundle Approach -- Quantity Metrics. , Decision Support/Use of Modern Technology to Optimize Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in ICU.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-810477-5

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource.

ISBN: 978-0-12-813461-0 , 0-12-813461-5

Series Statement: Developments in emerging and existing infectious diseases

Content: Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS), Volume Two includes the experience of ESGAP workshops and courses on antibiotic stewardship since 2012. It combines clinical and laboratory information about AMS, with a focus on human medicine. The ESCMID study group on antibiotic policies (ESGAP) is one of the most productive groups in the field, organizing courses and workshops. This book is an ideal tool for the participants of these workshops. With short chapters (around 1500 words) written on different topics, the authors insisted on the following points: A 'hands on', practical approach,ïÅư tips to increase success, a description of the most common mistakes, a global picture (out- and inpatient settings, all countries) and a short list of 10-20 landmark references

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9780128104774

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 0128104775

Language: English

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (396 pages) : , illustrations, tables

ISBN: 0-12-813461-5

Uniform Title: Antimicrobial stewardship (Pulcini)

Note: Front Cover -- Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword by Prof. Mario Poljak -- Introduction by Murat Akova -- Introduction by Jesús Rodríguez-Baño -- Introduction by Evelina Tacconelli -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Section A: The Global Picture of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance -- Chapter 1: The Global Crisis of Antimicrobial Resistance -- Introduction -- Mechanisms of AMR -- Intrinsic Resistance -- Acquired Resistance -- Prevention of Access to Target -- Reduced Permeability -- Increased Efflux Pumps -- Target Modification of the Antibiotic by Genetic Mutation or Posttranslational Modification -- Direct Modification of Antibiotics -- Degradation of Antibiotics by Enzyme Hydrolysis -- Inactivation of Antibiotics by Transfer of a Chemical Group -- AMR in Gram-Positives -- AMR in Gram-Negatives -- References -- Chapter 2: Antimicrobial Stewardship: Efficacy and Implementation of Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Overuse and Resi ... -- Introduction -- The Relationship Between Antibiotic Use and Drug Resistance -- The Evidence Supporting Antimicrobial Stewardship Strategies -- Choosing a Stewardship Strategy -- Implementation of an ASP in Nontertiary Care Settings -- Building the Stewardship Team -- Messaging the Importance of antimicrobial stewardship -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Quality Indicators and Quantity Metrics of Antibiotic Use -- Quality Versus Performance Indicators -- Measuring Performance -- Quantity Metrics and Quality Indicators of Antibiotic Use: What is the Difference? -- Quantity Metrics -- Outpatient and Inpatient Antibiotic Use: How to Measure? -- International Recommendations -- Wide Variations in the Literature -- Quality Indicators -- Outpatient Quality Indicators -- Inpatient QIs -- Conclusion -- References -- Section B: AMS Strategies. , Chapter 4: Improving Antimicrobial Prescribing: Input from Behavioral Strategies and Quality Improvement Methods -- Stewardship Interventions -- Effectiveness of Behavioral Stewardship Interventions -- The Importance of Understanding the Key Drivers of Current Prescribing Behavior -- The Key Drivers of Current Antimicrobial Prescribing Behavior -- Use of Theories in Selecting and Developing Behavioral Stewardship Interventions -- Use of Systematic Reviews of Behavioral Interventions in Selecting and Developing Behavioral Stewardship Interventions -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Education of Healthcare Professionals on Responsible Antimicrobial Prescribing -- Introduction -- Undergraduate Education of Prescribers -- What Content Should Be Included for Undergraduates? -- How Should Content Be Structured and Delivered in an Undergraduate Program? -- Postgraduate Education of Prescribers -- Medical Doctors in Training (Internship, Specialization) -- Continuing Medical Education and Continuing Professional Development -- Types of Educational Activities for Healthcare Professionals -- Education of Other Healthcare Professionals in Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Competencies in Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Key Issues -- Steps Forward -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 6: Rapid Diagnostics and Biomarkers for Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Introduction -- Rapid Diagnostic Tests -- Why Do We Need Rapid Diagnostic Tests? -- Novel Technologies to Speed up Microbial Identification -- Application of Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Different Clinical Scenarios -- Selection and Implementation of Rapid Diagnostic Tests at a Local Level -- Biomarkers -- The Ideal Biomarker for Clinical Use in Infectious Diseases -- C-Reactive Protein -- Procalcitonin -- Implementation of a Biomarker-Based Strategy to Guide Antimicrobial Therapy -- Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 7: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Tools to Increase Efficacy -- Introduction -- PK/PD of Antimicrobials: Efficacy and Resistance -- Dose Optimisation Strategies -- Alternative Dosing Strategies -- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Approaches for Dose Modification -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: The Use of Computerized Decision Support Systems to Support Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs -- Introduction -- Passive Decision Support and Mobile Applications -- Back-End Computerized Decision Support and Surveillance Systems -- Antimicrobial Restriction/Approval Based Systems -- Electronic Prescribing Systems (With or Without CDSS) -- Advanced Decision Support -- Implementation Barriers -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: The Role of Microbiology Laboratory in Promoting Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Introduction -- Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) -- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing -- Communication between AMS team members -- References -- Chapter 10: The Role of Pharmacists -- Introduction -- Hospital Pharmacy -- Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs -- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Dose Optimisation -- Audit and Feedback -- Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption and Linking to Resistance -- Procurement, Medicines Preparation and Managing Shortages -- Risk Management -- Education of Healthcare, Staff and Patients -- Primary Care Pharmacy -- Community Pharmacy -- References -- Chapter 11: The Roles of Nurses in Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Introduction -- Nurses With Prescribing Rights -- Nonprescribing Staff Nurses in Hospitals, in the Outpatient Setting and in Long Term Care Facilities -- What Could Be Done? -- What Needs to Be Addressed? -- Nurses Working Within an AMS Team -- Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 12: Antifungal Stewardship -- Introduction -- Basic Principles of Antifungal Stewardship. , Invasive Candidiasis -- Diagnosis (Table 3) -- Use of Cultures for the Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis -- Is There a Useful Biomarker or a Molecular Diagnostic Tool for the Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis? -- What Should Be Done for Detection of Distant Foci? -- Is There a "Pre-Emptive" Modality for the Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis? -- Are Antifungal Susceptibility Tests Helpful for the Management of Invasive Candidiasis? -- How to Choose an Antifungal Drug -- C. parapsilosis: Treat With What? -- What is the Duration of Therapy? -- When to Switch to Oral Therapy? -- What About Intravascular Catheters? -- Approach to Candiduria -- Candida Growth in Respiratory Specimens -- Candida Colonization: Does It Matter? -- What Are the Differences in the Management of Candidiasis Among Neutropenic and Nonneutropenic Patients? -- Antifungal Prophylaxis -- Invasive Aspergillosis -- Diagnosis -- The Role of "Conventional" Microbiology in the Diagnosis of IA: Microscopy, Stains, and Culture -- Is There a Useful Biomarker or a Molecular Diagnostic Tool for the Diagnosis of IA? -- The Role of Radiology in the Diagnosis of IA -- Antifungal Susceptibility Tests for the Management of IA -- Primary Prophylaxis -- Secondary Prophylaxis -- References -- Section C: AMS in Specific Clinical Settings -- Chapter 13: Optimising Prescribing for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections as an Example for Antimicrobial Stewardship in ... -- Antibiotics in Primary Care -- Barriers to Rational Use of Antibiotics -- Approaches to AMS in Primary Care -- Communication -- Lab-Tests and Biomarkers -- Systematic Prescribing Feedback -- Governance and the Public -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Antimicrobial Stewardship: What to Tell the Patients and the General Public -- Background -- Studies of Patient Satisfaction -- Knowledge on Antimicrobials and Resistance -- Campaigns. , Measuring the Impact of Interventions -- Campaign Messages -- References -- Chapter 15: Antimicrobial Stewardship in Long-Term Care Facilities -- Introduction -- Antibiotic Use in LTCFs -- Bacterial Resistance in LTCFs -- Antibiotic Prescribing: A Challenge in LTCFs -- Difficult Decision-Making Process: High Level of Diagnostic Uncertainty -- Healthcare Organization and Culture -- Lack of Local Resistance and Antibiotic Use Data -- High Prevalence of Bacterial Colonization -- Antibiotic Use and End-of-Life Care -- Patients' and Families' Expectations -- Guidelines -- Lack of Awareness of the Bacterial Resistance Problem -- Potential Strategies to Improve Antibiotic Use in LTCFs -- Where to Start? -- Limit Antibiotic Prescriptions Without a Clinical Examination -- Education -- Microbiological Investigations -- Reassess Antibiotic Prescriptions Around Day 3 -- Role of the Microbiology Laboratory -- Rapid and Point-of-Care Diagnostic Tests -- Innovative Strategies Need to be Tested -- Regulatory Measures -- Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 16: Antimicrobial Stewardship in ICU -- Introduction -- Definition of AMS in the ICU, Rationale for Stewardship. Who Does What? -- Appropriate Diagnostics in Suspected Bacterial Infections in ICU Patients -- Selection of Initial Antibiotic Therapy and Timeliness -- Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamics-Optimized Antimicrobial Therapy -- PK/PD Optimized Therapy-Putting the Pieces of the Puzzle Together -- Step 1. Selecting the PK/PD Target -- Step 2. Front Loading -- Step 3. Optimized Maintenance Dose -- Antimicrobial Therapy De-escalation -- Shortening Antimicrobial Treatment Duration -- Implementing a Structured Antibiotic stewardship Program -- Measuring Effectiveness of an AMS in ICU: Quality Indicators and Bundle Approach -- Quantity Metrics. , Decision Support/Use of Modern Technology to Optimize Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in ICU.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-810477-5

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (396 pages) : , illustrations, tables

ISBN: 0-12-813461-5

Uniform Title: Antimicrobial stewardship (Pulcini)

Note: Front Cover -- Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword by Prof. Mario Poljak -- Introduction by Murat Akova -- Introduction by Jesús Rodríguez-Baño -- Introduction by Evelina Tacconelli -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Section A: The Global Picture of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance -- Chapter 1: The Global Crisis of Antimicrobial Resistance -- Introduction -- Mechanisms of AMR -- Intrinsic Resistance -- Acquired Resistance -- Prevention of Access to Target -- Reduced Permeability -- Increased Efflux Pumps -- Target Modification of the Antibiotic by Genetic Mutation or Posttranslational Modification -- Direct Modification of Antibiotics -- Degradation of Antibiotics by Enzyme Hydrolysis -- Inactivation of Antibiotics by Transfer of a Chemical Group -- AMR in Gram-Positives -- AMR in Gram-Negatives -- References -- Chapter 2: Antimicrobial Stewardship: Efficacy and Implementation of Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Overuse and Resi ... -- Introduction -- The Relationship Between Antibiotic Use and Drug Resistance -- The Evidence Supporting Antimicrobial Stewardship Strategies -- Choosing a Stewardship Strategy -- Implementation of an ASP in Nontertiary Care Settings -- Building the Stewardship Team -- Messaging the Importance of antimicrobial stewardship -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Quality Indicators and Quantity Metrics of Antibiotic Use -- Quality Versus Performance Indicators -- Measuring Performance -- Quantity Metrics and Quality Indicators of Antibiotic Use: What is the Difference? -- Quantity Metrics -- Outpatient and Inpatient Antibiotic Use: How to Measure? -- International Recommendations -- Wide Variations in the Literature -- Quality Indicators -- Outpatient Quality Indicators -- Inpatient QIs -- Conclusion -- References -- Section B: AMS Strategies. , Chapter 4: Improving Antimicrobial Prescribing: Input from Behavioral Strategies and Quality Improvement Methods -- Stewardship Interventions -- Effectiveness of Behavioral Stewardship Interventions -- The Importance of Understanding the Key Drivers of Current Prescribing Behavior -- The Key Drivers of Current Antimicrobial Prescribing Behavior -- Use of Theories in Selecting and Developing Behavioral Stewardship Interventions -- Use of Systematic Reviews of Behavioral Interventions in Selecting and Developing Behavioral Stewardship Interventions -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Education of Healthcare Professionals on Responsible Antimicrobial Prescribing -- Introduction -- Undergraduate Education of Prescribers -- What Content Should Be Included for Undergraduates? -- How Should Content Be Structured and Delivered in an Undergraduate Program? -- Postgraduate Education of Prescribers -- Medical Doctors in Training (Internship, Specialization) -- Continuing Medical Education and Continuing Professional Development -- Types of Educational Activities for Healthcare Professionals -- Education of Other Healthcare Professionals in Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Competencies in Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Key Issues -- Steps Forward -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 6: Rapid Diagnostics and Biomarkers for Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Introduction -- Rapid Diagnostic Tests -- Why Do We Need Rapid Diagnostic Tests? -- Novel Technologies to Speed up Microbial Identification -- Application of Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Different Clinical Scenarios -- Selection and Implementation of Rapid Diagnostic Tests at a Local Level -- Biomarkers -- The Ideal Biomarker for Clinical Use in Infectious Diseases -- C-Reactive Protein -- Procalcitonin -- Implementation of a Biomarker-Based Strategy to Guide Antimicrobial Therapy -- Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 7: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Tools to Increase Efficacy -- Introduction -- PK/PD of Antimicrobials: Efficacy and Resistance -- Dose Optimisation Strategies -- Alternative Dosing Strategies -- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Approaches for Dose Modification -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: The Use of Computerized Decision Support Systems to Support Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs -- Introduction -- Passive Decision Support and Mobile Applications -- Back-End Computerized Decision Support and Surveillance Systems -- Antimicrobial Restriction/Approval Based Systems -- Electronic Prescribing Systems (With or Without CDSS) -- Advanced Decision Support -- Implementation Barriers -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: The Role of Microbiology Laboratory in Promoting Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Introduction -- Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) -- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing -- Communication between AMS team members -- References -- Chapter 10: The Role of Pharmacists -- Introduction -- Hospital Pharmacy -- Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs -- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Dose Optimisation -- Audit and Feedback -- Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption and Linking to Resistance -- Procurement, Medicines Preparation and Managing Shortages -- Risk Management -- Education of Healthcare, Staff and Patients -- Primary Care Pharmacy -- Community Pharmacy -- References -- Chapter 11: The Roles of Nurses in Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Introduction -- Nurses With Prescribing Rights -- Nonprescribing Staff Nurses in Hospitals, in the Outpatient Setting and in Long Term Care Facilities -- What Could Be Done? -- What Needs to Be Addressed? -- Nurses Working Within an AMS Team -- Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 12: Antifungal Stewardship -- Introduction -- Basic Principles of Antifungal Stewardship. , Invasive Candidiasis -- Diagnosis (Table 3) -- Use of Cultures for the Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis -- Is There a Useful Biomarker or a Molecular Diagnostic Tool for the Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis? -- What Should Be Done for Detection of Distant Foci? -- Is There a "Pre-Emptive" Modality for the Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis? -- Are Antifungal Susceptibility Tests Helpful for the Management of Invasive Candidiasis? -- How to Choose an Antifungal Drug -- C. parapsilosis: Treat With What? -- What is the Duration of Therapy? -- When to Switch to Oral Therapy? -- What About Intravascular Catheters? -- Approach to Candiduria -- Candida Growth in Respiratory Specimens -- Candida Colonization: Does It Matter? -- What Are the Differences in the Management of Candidiasis Among Neutropenic and Nonneutropenic Patients? -- Antifungal Prophylaxis -- Invasive Aspergillosis -- Diagnosis -- The Role of "Conventional" Microbiology in the Diagnosis of IA: Microscopy, Stains, and Culture -- Is There a Useful Biomarker or a Molecular Diagnostic Tool for the Diagnosis of IA? -- The Role of Radiology in the Diagnosis of IA -- Antifungal Susceptibility Tests for the Management of IA -- Primary Prophylaxis -- Secondary Prophylaxis -- References -- Section C: AMS in Specific Clinical Settings -- Chapter 13: Optimising Prescribing for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections as an Example for Antimicrobial Stewardship in ... -- Antibiotics in Primary Care -- Barriers to Rational Use of Antibiotics -- Approaches to AMS in Primary Care -- Communication -- Lab-Tests and Biomarkers -- Systematic Prescribing Feedback -- Governance and the Public -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Antimicrobial Stewardship: What to Tell the Patients and the General Public -- Background -- Studies of Patient Satisfaction -- Knowledge on Antimicrobials and Resistance -- Campaigns. , Measuring the Impact of Interventions -- Campaign Messages -- References -- Chapter 15: Antimicrobial Stewardship in Long-Term Care Facilities -- Introduction -- Antibiotic Use in LTCFs -- Bacterial Resistance in LTCFs -- Antibiotic Prescribing: A Challenge in LTCFs -- Difficult Decision-Making Process: High Level of Diagnostic Uncertainty -- Healthcare Organization and Culture -- Lack of Local Resistance and Antibiotic Use Data -- High Prevalence of Bacterial Colonization -- Antibiotic Use and End-of-Life Care -- Patients' and Families' Expectations -- Guidelines -- Lack of Awareness of the Bacterial Resistance Problem -- Potential Strategies to Improve Antibiotic Use in LTCFs -- Where to Start? -- Limit Antibiotic Prescriptions Without a Clinical Examination -- Education -- Microbiological Investigations -- Reassess Antibiotic Prescriptions Around Day 3 -- Role of the Microbiology Laboratory -- Rapid and Point-of-Care Diagnostic Tests -- Innovative Strategies Need to be Tested -- Regulatory Measures -- Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 16: Antimicrobial Stewardship in ICU -- Introduction -- Definition of AMS in the ICU, Rationale for Stewardship. Who Does What? -- Appropriate Diagnostics in Suspected Bacterial Infections in ICU Patients -- Selection of Initial Antibiotic Therapy and Timeliness -- Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamics-Optimized Antimicrobial Therapy -- PK/PD Optimized Therapy-Putting the Pieces of the Puzzle Together -- Step 1. Selecting the PK/PD Target -- Step 2. Front Loading -- Step 3. Optimized Maintenance Dose -- Antimicrobial Therapy De-escalation -- Shortening Antimicrobial Treatment Duration -- Implementing a Structured Antibiotic stewardship Program -- Measuring Effectiveness of an AMS in ICU: Quality Indicators and Bundle Approach -- Quantity Metrics. , Decision Support/Use of Modern Technology to Optimize Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in ICU.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-810477-5

Language: English