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Format: 1 online resource

ISBN: 9780128204139 , 0128204133

Note: Intro -- Stem Cells and Aging -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 Theories of stem cell aging -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stem cells -- 3 Types of stem cells -- 3.1 Embryonic stem (ES) cells -- 3.2 Mesenchymal stem cells -- 3.3 Adult stem cells -- 4 Aging -- 4.1 Role of stem cells in aging -- 5 Theories of stem cell aging -- 5.1 Free radical theory of aging -- 5.2 Telomere shortening -- 5.3 DNA damage accumulation and mutations -- 5.4 Epigenetic alterations -- References -- Chapter 2 Progress in human embryonic stem cell research and aging -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Properties of hESCs -- 3 Signaling pathways involved in the regulation of hESCs -- 3.1 LIF signaling pathway -- 3.2 Wnt signaling pathway -- 3.3 FGF signaling and its interaction with several other pathways in hESCs -- 4 Metabolic and epigenetic regulation of hESCs -- 5 Sources and regulations for generating human embryonic stem cell lines for research -- 6 Aging and hESCs -- 6.1 Pathways modulating aging in hESCs -- 6.2 Factors contributing to the aging and senescence in hESCs -- 6.2.1 Telomere loss -- 6.2.2 Oxidative stress -- 6.2.3 Autophagy -- 6.2.4 Proteostasis of hESCs in aging -- 6.2.5 Role of heat-shock proteins and chaperones in aging -- 6.2.6 Metabolic and epigenetic alterations in hESCs and aging -- 6.2.7 Role of miRNAs in hESC aging -- 6.3 Beneficial molecules secreted by the hESCs -- 6.3.1 Role of growth factors in the proliferation and maintenance of stem cells -- Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) -- Fetal insulin -- Fetal growth factors -- 6.3.2 Embryonic cholinesterase (ChE) -- 6.3.3 Role of glucocorticoids in the development and preservation of adult stem cell pool -- 6.4 Current application of hESCs -- 6.4.1 hESCs in tissue regeneration -- 6.4.2 hESCs in age-related diseases -- Macular degeneration. , Neurodegenerative diseases -- Degenerative cardiovascular diseases -- Endometrial degeneration -- Diabetes -- 6.4.3 Organoids from hESCs -- 7 Ethical constraints -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Stem cell aging and wound healing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stem cell aging and inflammation -- 3 Role in tissue degeneration -- 4 Role in fibrosis -- 5 Alternative stem cell rejuvenating strategies in aging -- 6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4 Stem cells and multiomics approaches in senescence: From benchside to bedside -- 1 Introduction -- 2 "Omics" in senescence -- 3 Multiomics data integration and its application -- 4 Stem cell-based multiomics and data integration -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Signaling pathways influencing stem cell self-renewal and differentiation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 LIF and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway -- 3 TGF- β /Smad pathway -- 4 ERK1/2 signaling pathway -- 5 Wnt signaling pathway -- 6 Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 6 Immunity, stem cells, and aging -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Epigenetics and aging stem cells -- 1.2 Sex differences in aging -- 2 Aging -- 3 Stem cells in aging -- 4 Immunity and immune cells -- 5 Immunity in aging -- 6 Protein damage, quality control mechanism, and aging -- 7 Molecules and mechanisms involved in stem cells and aging -- 8 Altered developmental pathways during aging -- 8.1 WNT signaling -- 8.2 Notch signaling -- 8.3 Cellular senescence -- 9 Drugs and methods to prevent aging -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Aging of hematopoietic stem cells: Insight into mechanisms and consequences -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Changes in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) due to aging -- 3 Differential expression of genes related to HSC aging -- 4 Mechanism of aging in HSCs -- 5 Cell-intrinsic mechanisms for HSC aging. , 6 DNA damage -- 7 Senescence and polarity -- 8 Impaired autophagy and mitochondrial activity -- 9 Epigenetics and aging -- 10 miRNA -- 11 Clonal hematopoiesis -- 12 Hypercholesterolemia -- 13 Signaling pathways and aging -- 14 Cell-extrinsic mechanism for HSCs aging -- 15 Single cell and HSCs -- 16 Consequence of aging HSCs -- 17 Rejuvenating strategies for HSCs -- 18 Future perspective -- Conflict of interest -- References -- Chapter 8 Ocular stem cells and aging -- 1 Introduction to stem cells -- 2 Stem cells of the cornea -- 2.1 Corneal stem cells -- 2.2 Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESC) -- 2.3 Corneal stromal stem cells (CSSC) -- 2.4 Effect of aging on the stem cells of the anterior cornea -- 2.5 Corneal endothelial stem cells [45] -- 3 Stem cells of the conjunctiva -- 3.1 Conjunctival stem cells (CSC) -- 3.2 Aging in conjunctival stem cells -- 4 Stem cells of the lens -- 4.1 Lens epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LECs) -- 4.2 Cell cycle regulation in lens epithelial stem cells -- 4.3 Changes in the aging lens epithelial stem cells -- 5 Stem cells of the retina -- 5.1 Retinal stem cells -- 5.2 Pathways involved in maintenance of retinal stem cells -- 5.3 Pathway modifications in aged retinal stem cells -- 6 Stem cells of the trabecular meshwork -- 6.1 Trabecular meshwork stem cells -- 6.2 ER stress in aging TM stem cells -- 6.3 Regeneration in the aging TM -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Skeletal muscle cell aging and stem cells -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Skeletal muscle stem cells: Satellite cells -- 2.1 Origin of satellite cells -- 2.2 Transcription factors-mediated gene regulation in satellite cells -- 2.3 Quiescent state of satellite cells -- 3 Skeletal muscle stem cells in adult and aging -- 3.1 Age-dependent changes in satellite cells. , 3.1.1 Function, behavior and heterogeneity of satellite cells -- 4 Aging and metabolism of satellite cells -- 4.1 Mitochondria in satellite cells -- 4.2 Autophagy in satellite cells -- 5 Aging and extrinsic factors of satellite cells -- 5.1 Extracellular matrix of satellite cells -- 5.2 Circulatory factors and satellite cells -- 5.3 Growth factors and satellite cells -- 5.4 Cytokines and satellite cells -- 6 Aging and intrinsic factors of satellite cells -- 6.1 Telomeres in satellite cells -- 6.2 Notch signaling pathway of satellite cells -- 6.3 Wnt/ β -catenin signaling of satellite cells -- 7 Aging and epigenetic regulation of satellite cells -- 7.1 Epigenetic events in quiescent state of satellite cells -- 7.1.1 Cdkn2a/p16 Ink4a and epigenetic regulation of satellite cells -- 7.2 Epigenetic events in proliferative state of satellite cells -- 7.3 Epigenetic events in differentiation state of satellite cells -- 7.3.1 p 38 MAPK and epigenetic regulation of satellite cells -- 8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Conflict of interest -- References -- Chapter 10 Aging and stability of cardiomyocytes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cardiomyocytes and aging -- 2.1 Stability of cardiomyocytes and potential regeneration -- 2.2 Mechanism of aging in cardiomyocytes -- 3 Regeneration of cardiomyocytes-A mechanistic overview -- 3.1 Cardiomyocyte survival and protection -- 3.2 By means of inflammation reduction -- 3.3 Cell-to-cell communication -- 3.4 Through angiogenesis and vascularization -- 3.5 Cardiomyogenesis -- 3.6 Molecular mechanisms behind proliferation and cell cycle -- 3.7 miRNA-mediated regeneration -- 3.8 Cardiac-resident stem cell-mediated regeneration -- 4 Conclusion and future perspectives -- References. , Chapter 11 Signaling pathways influencing stem cell self-renewal and differentiation-Special emphasis on cardiomyocytes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stem cells -- 3 Stem cell culture and therapy -- 4 Signaling pathways and factors involved in the self-renewal and differentiation of cardiomyocytes -- 5 Wnt/ β -catenin signaling pathway -- 6 Differentiation of stem cells -- 7 Notch signaling pathway -- 8 Mechanotransduction pathways -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12 Angiogenesis in aging hearts-Cardiac stem cell therapy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cardiac aging -- 2.1 Factors influencing cardiac aging -- 2.1.1 Cellular senescence in cardiac aging -- 2.2 Vascular changes (impaired angiogenesis) in cardiac aging -- 2.2.1 Angiogenesis -- 2.2.2 Impaired angiogenesis in aged hearts -- 3 Therapy for aging heart -- 3.1 Cardiac stem cells for therapy -- 3.1.1 Cardiac stem cell population -- 3.2 Targeting angiogenesis using cardiac stem cells for therapy -- 3.2.1 Pro-angiogenic potential of cardiac stem cells -- 3.2.2 Cardiomyogenic/angiogenic stimulants -- 3.2.3 Pro-angiogenic potential of stem cells other than CPCs -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 Gut stem cells: Interplay with immune system, microbiota, and aging -- 1 Fundamental background -- 2 Regulatory mechanisms -- 3 Biorhythm and gut stem cells -- 3.1 Mitochondrial function in the gut and stem cell interplay -- 4 Aging gut, microbiota, immune system, and stem cells -- 5 Gut microbiome -- 5.1 Microbiome on the immunity of stem cell aging -- 5.2 Microbiome on epigenetics of stem cell aging -- 6 Tentative interventional perspectives -- Dedication -- References -- Chapter 14 Cellular senescence and aging in bone -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Skeletal aging: An insight into bone cellular senescence -- 3 Key factors regulating senescence in bone cells. , 3.1 Intrinsic factors.

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780128200711

Additional Edition: ISBN 0128200715

Language: English