Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Umfang: 1 online resource (272 pages)

ISBN: 9780128223598 , 0128223596

Serie: Woodhead Publishing in food science, technology, and nutrition

Anmerkung: Intro -- Advances in Organic Farming: Agronomic Soil Management Practices -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Concept and global scenario of organic farming -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Concept of organic farming -- 1.2.1 Four principles of organic agriculture approved by IFOAM -- 1.2.1.1 Principle of health -- 1.2.1.2 Ecological principle -- 1.2.1.3 Principle of fairness -- 1.2.1.4 Principle of care -- 1.2.2 Definition of organic farming -- 1.3 Global scenario of organic farming -- 1.3.1 Organic agricultural land -- 1.3.2 Organic share of total agricultural land -- 1.3.3 Growth of the organic agricultural land -- 1.3.4 Further organic areas -- 1.3.5 Organic producers and other operator types -- 1.3.5.1 Producers -- 1.3.5.2 Further operator types -- 1.3.6 Retail sales -- 1.3.7 Growth in most major crop groups -- 1.3.8 Global organic market booming -- 1.3.9 Certification, the obstacle to organic farming -- 1.3.10 Standards, legislation, policy support -- 1.3.11 Participatory guarantee systems (PGS) -- 1.4 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Conservation agricultural practices under organic farming -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Conservation agriculture (CA) and its advantages -- 2.3 Challenges in adopting conservation practices in organic farming (OF) -- 2.4 Soil health and quality as affected by CA and OF -- 2.4.1 Soil fertility and nutrient cycling -- 2.4.1.1 Changes in soil nutrient contents -- 2.4.1.2 Impact on mineralization -- 2.4.2 Soil biological activities -- 2.4.3 Soil physical properties -- 2.4.3.1 Aggregate stability and mitigating soil erosion -- 2.4.3.2 Compaction -- 2.4.3.3 Infiltration and soil water storage -- 2.5 Impact of CA and OF on weed, disease and pest management -- 2.5.1 Weed control -- 2.5.2 Disease and pest control -- 2.6 Impact on crop performances -- 2.6.1 Emergence and root growth of crops -- 2.6.2 Crop yield. , 2.7 Introduction of new optimized techniques -- 2.8 Conclusion and future outlook -- References -- 3 Soil fertility management in organic farming -- 3.1 Loss of organic matter and its restoration -- 3.2 Management controls on soil carbon -- 3.3 Soil fertility renewal and preservation: Organic farming -- 3.4 Nutrient cycling in depleted organic reservoir -- 3.5 Resource optimization -- 3.6 Organic fertility is not a matter of input substitution -- 3.7 Biologically mediated buffering -- 3.8 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Microbial community structure in organic farming and their management -- 4.1 Soil microbes in organic farming: An introduction -- 4.2 Soil microbial abundance and diversity in organic soils -- 4.2.1 Soil beneficial bacteria in organic soils -- 4.2.2 Soil fungal diversity under organic farming -- 4.2.3 The abundance of cyanobacteria in organic soils -- 4.3 The development of disease suppression in organic soils -- 4.4 Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen as reliable soil health indicators in organic soils -- 4.5 Soil microbial respiration in organic soils -- 4.6 Does organic soils promote microbial enzyme activities? -- 4.7 Factors affecting soil microbial abundance and diversity in organic soils -- 4.7.1 Climatic conditions -- 4.7.2 Soil physical properties -- 4.7.3 Soil chemical properties -- 4.7.4 Quality of the organic materials -- 4.7.5 Crop rotation -- 4.8 Management of soil microbial structure under organic farming -- 4.9 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Use of microbial biostimulants in organic farming -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Biostimulants -- 5.3 Microbial biostimulants -- 5.3.1 Nitrogen fixing microorganisms -- 5.3.2 Phosphate-mineralizing and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms -- 5.3.3 Zinc-solubilizing microorganisms -- 5.3.4 Potassium-solubilizing microorganisms -- 5.3.5 Mycorrhizal association. , 5.4 Commercially available biopreparations and bioproducts -- 5.5 Mechanism associated with microbial biostimulants -- 5.5.1 Soil nutrient availability -- 5.5.2 Soil nutrient uptake -- 5.5.3 Soil nutrient assimilation -- 5.6 Microorganisms affecting stress tolerance -- 5.7 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Remediation of salt affected soils through microbes to promote organic farming -- 6.1 Soil salinization: Extent and potential threats to crop productivity -- 6.2 Soil salinity management with beneficial soil microorganisms -- 6.3 Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for ameliorating salinity stress -- 6.4 Halophiles: Overview and classification -- 6.5 Mechanisms of salt stress alleviation via PGPR -- 6.5.1 Biological nitrogen fixation: The need of the essentials -- 6.5.2 Phosphate solubilization: A promising approach of PGPR -- 6.5.3 Production of siderophore -- 6.5.4 Rhizobacterial phytohormone production -- 6.5.4.1 Production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or IAA-like substances -- 6.5.4.2 Production of cytokinins -- 6.5.4.3 Production of gibberellins -- 6.5.5 Production of chitinase and glucanase -- 6.5.6 Production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase -- 6.5.7 Antibiotic production -- 6.5.8 PGPR-induced proline production -- 6.5.9 PGPR-induced antioxidant production -- 6.5.10 PGPR-mediated induced systemic resistance during salt shock -- 6.5.11 Enhanced osmo-tolerance via beneficial soil microorganisms -- 6.5.12 Production of exopolysaccharides in saline soils -- 6.5.13 PGPR-mediated root growth and development -- 6.5.14 Manipulation of nutrient uptake in saline soils via PGPR -- 6.5.15 PGPR-induced correction of nutrient imbalances in saline soils -- 6.6 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Bio-ameliorators of saline soils -- 6.7 Cyanobacteria: An add-ons of the beneficial soil microbiota. , 6.8 Rhizosphere engineering: Manipulating the plant-microbiome interactions in saline soils -- 6.9 Future studies and conclusions -- References -- 7 Improving soil micronutrient availability under organic farming -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Micronutrients and plant health -- 7.3 Micronutrients for human and animal health -- 7.4 Micronutrient diagnosis approaches -- 7.4.1 Crop sensitivity -- 7.4.2 Deficiency symptoms in plants -- 7.4.3 Soil and plant analysis -- 7.5 Micronutrients sources and behavior in soil -- 7.6 Micronutrients in relation to manures and fertilizers -- 7.6.1 Available and total Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn status in surface soil -- 7.6.2 Available and total Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn status in subsurface soils -- 7.6.3 Fractions of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in soil -- 7.7 Kunapajala and Panchagavya manures in relation to micronutrients -- 7.8 Organic sources in relation to micronutrients -- 7.8.1 Farm yard manure (FYM) -- 7.8.2 Compost -- 7.8.3 Oil cakes -- 7.8.4 Liquid organic manures -- 7.8.5 Biofertilizers -- 7.8.6 Animal manures -- 7.8.7 Cropping system management -- 7.8.8 Green manuring -- 7.8.9 Crop residues -- 7.9 Soil organic build-up on micronutrient dynamics and transformations -- 7.10 Summary -- References -- 8 Organic plant nutrient, protection and production management -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Organic plant nutrition -- 8.2.1 Sources of organic nutrition -- 8.2.1.1 Crop residues -- 8.2.1.2 Manures -- Compost -- Methods of compost preparation -- Composting of municipal solid waste ( Biswas and Ghosh, 2015) -- Enriched compost ( Biswas and Ghosh, 2015) -- Advantages of enriched compost -- Vermicompost ( Biswas and Ghosh, 2015) -- Green manuring -- Concentrated organic manures -- 8.2.2 Sewage and sludge -- 8.3 Organic protection -- 8.3.1 Monitoring -- 8.3.2 Avoidance -- 8.3.3 Therapy. , 8.3.4 Methods of insect pests and disease management under organic production -- 8.3.4.1 Cultural methods -- 8.3.4.2 Physical/Mechanical methods -- 8.3.4.3 Biological methods -- 8.3.4.4 Chemical methods -- 8.4 Organic production management -- 8.4.1 Important steps for organic crop production ( De, 2020) -- 8.4.2 Technical issues to be considered -- 8.4.3 Diversified farming systems for sustainable agriculture -- 8.4.3.1 Alternative land use system -- 8.4.3.2 Integrated farming systems -- 8.4.3.3 Indigenous farming systems of North East India ( De and Singh, 2017) -- 8.4.3.4 Agroforestry based cropping systems ( Purohit and Gehlot, 2006) -- 8.4.3.5 Aquaculture based farming systems -- 8.4.3.6 Waste land farming system -- Horticulture based farming systems ( De, 2017) -- References -- Further reading -- 9 Role of biofertilizers and biopesticides in organic farming -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Biofertilizers -- 9.3 Biopesticides -- 9.3.1 The advantages of biopesticides (Kandpal, 2014) -- 9.3.2 Why biopesticides is important in organic crop production -- 9.3.3 Potential significance of biofertilizers and biopesticides in organic farming -- 9.3.4 Effect of biofertilizers and biopesticides on various crops under organic farming -- 9.3.5 Constraints in popularization of biofertilizer and biopesticides technology and possible way-out -- 9.4 Concluding remarks and future prospects -- References -- Further reading -- 10 Toward the mitigation of biotic and abiotic stresses through plant growth promoting rhizobacteria -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Biotic stress -- 10.2.1 Plant pathogens -- 10.3 Abiotic stress -- 10.3.1 Drought stress -- 10.3.2 Saline stress -- 10.3.3 Waterlogging -- References -- 11 Organic seed production and certification with special reference to Rajasthan -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Seed and organic seed -- 11.3 Why organic seed?. , 11.4 National Organic Standards (NOS) for organic seed production ( APEDA, 2020b).

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780128223581

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0128223588

Sprache: Englisch