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  • 1
    UID:
    almafu_9960130549402883
    Format: 1 online resource (1025 p.)
    Edition: Fourth editions
    ISBN: 9780444537676 , 0444537678
    Series Statement: Handbooks in Economics Series
    Content: The ability to understand and predict behavior in strategic situations, in which an individual's success in making choices depends on the choices of others, has been the domain of game theory since the 1950's. Developing the theories at the heart of game theory has resulted in 8 Nobel Prizes and insights that researchers in many fields continue to develop. In Volume 4, top scholars synthesize and analyze mainstream scholarship on games and economic behavior, providing an updated account of developments in game theory since the 2002 publication of Volume 3, which only covers work through the mi
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Handbook of Game Theory; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Preface; Acknowledgments; Introduction to the Series; Chapter 1: Rationality; 1.1 Neoclassical Rationality; 1.1.1 Substantive or procedural?; 1.1.1.1 Evolution; 1.1.2 Rationality as consistency; 1.1.3 Positive or normative?; 1.2 Revealed Preference; 1.2.1 Independence of irrelevant alternatives; 1.2.1.1 Aesop; 1.2.1.2 Utility; 1.2.1.3 Causal utility fallacy; 1.2.2 Revealed preference in game theory; 1.3 Decisions under Risk; 1.3.1 VN&M utility functions; 1.3.1.1 Attitudes to risk; 1.3.1.2 Unbounded utility? , 1.3.1.3 Utilitarianism 1.4 Bayesian Decision Theory; 1.4.1 Savage's theory; 1.4.1.1 Bayes'' rule; 1.4.2 Small worlds; 1.4.2.1 Bayesianism?; 1.4.2.2 Where do Savage's priors come from?; 1.4.2.3 When are the worlds of game theory small?; 1.4.2.4 Common priors?; 1.5 Knowledge; 1.5.1 Knowledge as commitment; 1.5.1.1 Contradicting knowledge?; 1.5.2 Common knowledge; 1.5.3 Common knowledge of rationality?; 1.5.3.1 Counterfactuals; 1.6 Nash Equilibrium; 1.6.1 Evolutionary game theory; 1.6.2 Knowledge requirements; 1.6.3 Equilibrium selection problem; 1.6.3.1 Refinements of Nash equilibrium , 1.7 Black Boxes 1.7.1 Nash program; 1.7.2 Other pre-play activity; 1.8 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 2: Advances in Zero-Sum Dynamic Games; 2.1 Introduction; 2.1.1 General model of repeated games (RG); 2.1.2 Compact evaluations; 2.1.3 Asymptotic analysis; 2.1.4 Uniform analysis; 2.2 Recursive Structure; 2.2.1 Discounted stochastic games; 2.2.2 General discounted repeated games; 2.2.2.1 Recursive structure; 2.2.2.2 Specific classes of repeated games; 2.2.3 Compact evaluations and continuous time extension; 2.3 Asymptotic Analysis; 2.3.1 Benchmark model; 2.3.2 Basic results , 2.3.2.1 Incomplete information 2.3.2.2 Stochastic games; 2.3.3 Operator approach; 2.3.3.1 Nonexpansive monotone maps; 2.3.3.2 Applications to RG; 2.3.4 Variational approach; 2.3.4.1 Discounted values and variational inequalities; 2.3.4.2 General RG and viscosity tools; 2.3.4.3 Compact discounted games and comparison criteria; 2.4 The Dual Game; 2.4.1 Definition and basic results; 2.4.2 Recursive structure and optimal strategies of the non-informed player; 2.4.3 The dual differential game; 2.4.4 Error term, control of martingales, and applications to price dynamics; 2.5 Uniform Analysis , 2.5.1 Basic results2.5.1.1 Incomplete information; 2.5.1.2 Stochastic games; 2.5.1.3 Symmetric case; 2.5.2 From asymptotic value to uniform value; 2.5.3 Dynamic programming and MDP; 2.5.4 Games with transition controlled by one player; 2.5.5 Stochastic games with signals on actions; 2.5.6 Further results; 2.6 Differential Games; 2.6.1 A short presentation of differential games (DG); 2.6.2 Quantitative differential games; 2.6.3 Quantitative differential games with incomplete information; 2.7 Approachability; 2.7.1 Definition; 2.7.2 Weak approachability and quantitative differential games , 2.7.3 Approachability and B-sets , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9780444537669
    Additional Edition: ISBN 044453766X
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9781322184111
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1322184119
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : North-Holland
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040921129
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    ISBN: 9780444880987 , 9780444894274 , 9780444894281 , 9780444537669
    Series Statement: Handbooks in economics 11
    Note: Bd. 1 (1992) bis Bd. 4 (2015) im Rahmen einer Nationallizenz (ZDB-1-HBE) verfügbar.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Spieltheorie ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Spieltheorie ; Wirtschaft
    Author information: Aumann, Robert J. 1930-
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  • 3
    UID:
    gbv_1655675486
    Format: Online Ressource (xv, 1008 pages)
    ISBN: 9780444537676 , 0444537678
    Series Statement: Handbooks in economics 11
    Content: The ability to understand and predict behavior in strategic situations, in which an individual's success in making choices depends on the choices of others, has been the domain of game theory since the 1950s. Developing the theories at the heart of game theory has resulted in 8 Nobel Prizes and insights that researchers in many fields continue to develop. In Volume 4, top scholars synthesize and analyze mainstream scholarship on games and economic behavior, providing an updated account of developments in game theory since the 2002 publication of Volume 3, which only covers work through the mi
    Additional Edition: ISBN 0444537678
    Additional Edition: ISBN 044453766X
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9780444537676
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9780444537669
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Handbook of Game Theory
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics , Mathematics
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Spieltheorie ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Electronic books
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Author information: Zamir, Shemuʾel 1939-
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  • 4
    UID:
    gbv_1831642174
    ISBN: 9780444894281
    Content: In this survey article, we report results on the existence of pure-strategy Nash equilibria in games with an atomless continuum of players, each with an action set that is not necessarily finite. We also discuss purification and symmetrization of mixed-strategy Nash equilibria, and settings in which private information, anonymity and idiosyncratic shocks are given particular prominence.
    In: Handbook of game theory with economic applications, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite 1761-1808, 9780444894281
    In: 0444894284
    In: 9780444537669
    In: 044453766X
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:1761-1808
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    UID:
    gbv_1831642034
    ISBN: 9780444894281
    Content: We offer a selective survey of the uses of cooperative and non-cooperative game theory in the analysis of legal rules and institutions. In so doing, we illustrate some of the ways in which law influences behavior, analyze the mechanism design aspect of legal rules and institutions, and examine some of the difficulties in the use of game-theoretic concepts to clarify legal doctrine.
    In: Handbook of game theory with economic applications, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite 2229-2269, 9780444894281
    In: 0444894284
    In: 9780444537669
    In: 044453766X
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:2229-2269
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    UID:
    gbv_1831642123
    ISBN: 9780444894281
    Content: Starting with the analysis of arms control and disarmament problems in the sixties, inspection games have evolved into a special area of game theory with specific theoretical aspects, and, equally important, practical applications in various fields of human activity where inspection is mandatory. In this contribution, a survey of applications is given first. These include arms control and disarmament, theoretical approaches to auditing and accounting, for example in insurance, and problems of environmental surveillance. Then, the general problem of inspection is presented in a game-theoretic framework that extends a statistical hypothesis testing problem. This defines a game since the data can be strategically manipulated by an inspectee who wants to conceal illegal actions. Using this framework, two models are solved, which are practically significant and technically interesting: material accountancy and data verification. A second important aspect of inspection games is the fact that inspection resources are limited and have to be used strategically. This is demonstrated in the context of sequential inspection games, where many mathematically challenging models have been studied. Finally, the important concept of leadership, where the inspector becomes a leader by announcing and committing himself to his strategy, is shown to apply naturally to inspection games.
    In: Handbook of game theory with economic applications, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite 1947-1987, 9780444894281
    In: 0444894284
    In: 9780444537669
    In: 044453766X
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:1947-1987
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    UID:
    gbv_1831642042
    ISBN: 9780444894281
    Content: Early results on the emptiness of the core and the majority-rule-chaos results led to the recognition of the importance of modeling institutional details in political processes. A sample of the literature on game-theoretic models of political phenomena that ensued is presented. In the case of sophisticated voting over certain kinds of binary agendas, such as might occur in a legislative setting, equilibria exist and can be nicely characterized. Endogenous choice of the agenda can sometimes yield “sophisticated sincerity”, where equilibrium voting behavior is indistinguishable from sincere voting. Under some conditions there exist agenda-independent outcomes. Various kinds of “structure-induced equilibria” are also discussed. Finally, the effect of various types of incomplete information is considered. Incomplete information of how the voters will behave leads to probabilistic voting models that typically yield utilitarian outcomes. Uncertainty among the voters over which is the preferred outcome yields the pivotal voting phenomenon, in which voters can glean information from the fact that they are pivotal. The implications of this phenomenon are illustrated by results on the Condorcet Jury problem, where voters have common interests but different information.
    In: Handbook of game theory with economic applications, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite 2203-2228, 9780444894281
    In: 0444894284
    In: 9780444537669
    In: 044453766X
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:2203-2228
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Show associated volumes
    UID:
    gbv_183164200X
    ISBN: 9780444894281
    In: Handbook of game theory with economic applications, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite I-1-I-14, 9780444894281
    In: 0444894284
    In: 9780444537669
    In: 044453766X
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:I-1-I-14
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    UID:
    gbv_1831642131
    ISBN: 9780444894281
    Content: A central question in economics is understanding the difficulties that parties have in reaching mutually beneficial agreements. Informational differences provide an appealing explanation for bargaining inefficiencies. This chapter provides an overview of the theoretical and empirical literature on bargaining with incomplete information.The chapter begins with an analysis of bargaining within a mechanism design framework. A modern development is provided of the classic result that, given two parties with independent private valuations, ex post efficiency is attainable if and only if it is common knowledge that gains from trade exist. The classic problems of efficient trade with one-sided incomplete information but interdependent valuations, and of efficiently dissolving a partnership with two-sided incomplete information, are also reviewed using mechanism design.The chapter then proceeds to study bargaining where the parties sequentially exchange offers. Under one-sided incomplete information, it considers sequential bargaining between a seller with a known valuation and a buyer with a private valuation. When there is a “gap” between the seller's valuation and the support of buyer valuations, the seller-offer game has essentially a unique sequential equilibrium. This equilibrium exhibits the following properties: it is stationary, trade occurs in finite time, and the price is favorable to the informed party (the Coase Conjecture). The alternating-offer game exhibits similar properties, when a refinement of sequential equilibrium is applied. However, in the case of “no gap” between the seller's valuation and the support of buyer valuations, the bargaining does not conclude with probability one after any finite number of periods, and it does not follow that sequential equilibria need be stationary. If stationarity is nevertheless assumed, then the results parallel those for the “gap” case. However, if stationarity is not assumed, then instead a folk theorem obtains, so substantial delay is possible and the uninformed party may receive substantial surplus.The chapter also briefly sketches results for sequential bargaining with two-sided incomplete information. Finally, it reviews the empirical evidence on strategic bargaining with private information by focusing on one of the most prominent examples of bargaining: union contract negotiations.
    In: Handbook of game theory with economic applications, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite 1897-1945, 9780444894281
    In: 0444894284
    In: 9780444537669
    In: 044453766X
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:1897-1945
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    UID:
    gbv_1831642182
    ISBN: 9780444894281
    Content: This paper is a self-contained survey of algorithms for computing Nash equilibria of two-person games. The games may be given in strategic form or extensive form. The classical Lemke-Howson algorithm finds one equilibrium of a bimatrix game, and provides an elementary proof that a Nash equilibrium exists. It can be given a strong geometric intuition using graphs that show the subdivision of the players' mixed strategy sets into best-response regions. The Lemke-Howson algorithm is presented with these graphs, as well as algebraically in terms of complementary pivoting. Degenerate games require a refinement of the algorithm based on lexicographic perturbations. Commonly used definitions of degenerate games are shown as equivalent. The enumeration of all equilibria is expressed as the problem of finding matching vertices in pairs of polytopes. Algorithms for computing simply stable equilibria and perfect equilibria are explained. The computation of equilibria for extensive games is difficult for larger games since the reduced strategic form may be exponentially large compared to the game tree. If the players have perfect recall, the sequence form of the extensive game is a strategic description that is more suitable for computation. In the sequence form, pure strategies of a player are replaced by sequences of choices along a play in the game. The sequence form has the same size as the game tree, and can be used for computing equilibria with the same methods as the strategic form. The paper concludes with remarks on theoretical and practical issues of concern to these computational approaches.
    In: Handbook of game theory with economic applications, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite 1723-1759, 9780444894281
    In: 0444894284
    In: 9780444537669
    In: 044453766X
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:1723-1759
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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