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  • 1
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    Online-Ressource
    Handbook of development economics (1988)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040913776
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource
    ISBN: 9780444703378 , 9780444703385 , 9780444823014 , 9780444823021 , 9780444531001 , 9780444529442
    Serie: Handbooks in economics 9
    Anmerkung: Bd. 1 (1988) bis Bd. 5 (2010) im Rahmen einer Nationallizenz (ZDB-1-HBE) verfügbar.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungsökonomie ; Entwicklungsländer ; Strukturwandel ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Ressourcenallokation ; Entwicklungstheorie ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Entwicklungsökonomie ; Aufsatzsammlung
    URL: Volltext
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    BTU Cottbus
  • 2
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    Handbook of development economics : volume 1 (1988)
    Amsterdam : North-Holland
    Dazugehörige Titel
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_789692058
    Umfang: Online Ressource (xiv, 848 pages) , illustrations.
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 0444703373 , 9780444703378
    Serie: Handbooks in economics 9
    Inhalt: For this Handbook authors known to have different views regarding the nature of development economics have been selected. The Handbook is organised around the implications of different sets of assumptions and their associated research programs. It is divided into three volumes, each with three parts which focus on the broad processes of development. Volume 1 of the Handbook begins by discussing the concept of development, its historical antecedents, and alternative approaches to the study of development, broadly construed. The second part is devoted to the structural transformation of economies. The role that human resources play in economic development is the focus of the last section of this volume
    Inhalt: For this Handbook authors known to have different views regarding the nature of development economics have been selected. The Handbook is organised around the implications of different sets of assumptions and their associated research programs. It is divided into three volumes, each with three parts which focus on the broad processes of development. Volume 1 of the Handbook begins by discussing the concept of development, its historical antecedents, and alternative approaches to the study of development, broadly construed. The second part is devoted to the structural transformation of economies. The role that human resources play in economic development is the focus of the last section of this volume
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , v. 1. The concept of development , Alternative approaches to development economics , Analytics of development : dualism , Economic organization, information, and development , Long-run income distribution and growth , Patterns of structural change , The agricultural transformation , Industrialization and trade , Saving and development , Migration and urbanization , Economic approaches to population growth , Education investments and returns , Health and nutrition , Labor markets in low-income countries , Credit markets and interlinked transactions
    Sprache: Englisch
    Fachgebiete: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    RVK:
    QC 340
    RVK:
    QD 000
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Entwicklungsökonomie ; Electronic books ; Electronic books
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    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
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    Introduction to part 1 (1988)
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    UID:
    gbv_1831643499
    ISBN: 0444703373
    Inhalt: This chapter presents an introduction to the handbook on development economics, Part 1. Development, as contrasted with mere growth of the economy, is, according to Schumpeter, a distinct phenomenon, entirely foreign to what may be observed in the circular flow or in the tendency toward equilibrium. In the dominant neoclassical paradigm of the postwar era, Adam Smith's parable of the invisible hand was rigorously restated in terms of the two fundamental theorems of welfare economics. First, under a set of mild restrictions on production technology and individual preferences, the equilibrium of a laissez-faire market economy is a Pareto optimum. Second, given a set of rather restrictive assumptions, including the absence of technological externalities and increasing returns to scale in production of goods, and convexity of consumer preferences, any Pareto optimum is also a competitive equilibrium provided income (or initial endowments) of individuals can be redistributed through lump-sum transfers or other non-distortionary means. In contrast to the neoclassical approach to development, that is a historic and based on virtual time, there is the historical, real-time Marxian approach that is closer to the spirit of Schumpeter's analysis. In this approach, the forces of production, represented by available technology at any point in historical time, and the existing relations of production, represented by the institutions governing ownership and access to the means of production determine equilibrium.
    In: Handbook of development economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1988, (1988), Seite 3-8, 0444703373
    In: 9780444703378
    In: year:1988
    In: pages:3-8
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4471(88)80021-4
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
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    Index (1988)
    Dazugehörige Titel
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    UID:
    gbv_1831643502
    ISBN: 0444703373
    In: Handbook of development economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1988, (1988), Seite 831-848, 0444703373
    In: 9780444703378
    In: year:1988
    In: pages:831-848
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4471(88)01020-4
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  • 5
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    Chapter 14 Health and nutrition (1988)
    Dazugehörige Titel
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    UID:
    gbv_1831643537
    ISBN: 0444703373
    Inhalt: Health and nutrition are important as ends in themselves and often are emphasized as critical components of basic needs in developing countries. Cross-country comparisons of standard data suggest that on the average health and nutrition in the developing world falls considerably short of that in the developed world. The chapter presents a review on a number of issues regarding health and nutrition in developing countries and available studies on the determinants of health and nutrition and on their impact on productivity in developing countries. First, the chapter presents a theoretical framework and some issues pertaining to the empirical representation of health and nutrition. The chapter then presents a survey on existing studies of both health and nutrition determinants and on their productivity influence and conclude with some discussion of policy issues and directions for future research. A theoretical framework for the determinants of health and nutrition and their possible productivity impacts is essential to analyze these variables in an organized manner and to be able to interpret empirical studies. The chapter discusses micro production function and demand considerations. The chapter then discusses in brief the supply side and macro relations. Finally, several major econometric problems are reviewed, stating that they are ubiquitous in empirical studies attempting to relate health, nutrition, and socioeconomic variables. Two broad categories of studies of health determinants are of particular interest: those attempting to estimate the reduced-form demand for health outcomes and health-care goods, and those attempting to estimate the underlying health production function.
    In: Handbook of development economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1988, (1988), Seite 631-711, 0444703373
    In: 9780444703378
    In: year:1988
    In: pages:631-711
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4471(88)01017-4
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  • 6
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    Chapter 7 Patterns of structural change (1988)
    Dazugehörige Titel
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    UID:
    gbv_183164360X
    ISBN: 0444703373
    Inhalt: This chapter presents a discussion on the patterns of structural transformation during the transition from a low income, agrarian rural economy to an industrial urban economy with substantially higher per capita income. The chapter presents a review on the basic concepts of the empirical research program into the economic structure of developing countries during the transition process, which originated with the monumental work of Simon Kuznets. The chapter discusses methodological issues of empirical research on structural transformation. A summary of the main stylized facts of development, with emphasis on growth, accumulation, and sector proportions is presented. Attempts to model and explain the transformation are also presented. The chapter also discusses relative prices and the role of the state in facilitating, fostering, or at times hampering, an efficient transformation. Development economics can be characterized as dealing with issues of structure and growth in less developed countries. Analysis of structure appears in two variants. The first, and more recent, is concerned with the functioning of economies, their markets, institutions, mechanisms for allocating resources, income generation and its distribution, and so on. In the second variant, economic development is seen as an interrelated set of long-run processes of structural transformation that accompany growth. The central features of this approach are economy-wide phenomena such as industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural transformation, regarded as elements of what Kuznets identified as modern economic growth.
    In: Handbook of development economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1988, (1988), Seite 203-273, 0444703373
    In: 9780444703378
    In: year:1988
    In: pages:203-273
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4471(88)01010-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
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    Chapter 11 Migration and urbanization (1988)
    Dazugehörige Titel
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    UID:
    gbv_1831643561
    ISBN: 0444703373
    Inhalt: This chapter presents a discussion on migration and urbanization. The literature on Third World migration and urbanization is enormous and growing. The chapter presents an assessment of the most important components possible. The chapter discusses the demographics of the urban transition. The chapter examines the labor markets that link city with countryside. The size and persistence of rural-urban wage gaps and their implications for national income allocative losses are explored. This is followed by an assessment of the extent to which migrants actually respond to the gaps. From private rationality, the chapter then turns to social optimality including the questions of whether there are too many city immigrants in the Third World and the desirability of suppressing migration through government policy. The chapter also discusses on the sources of city growth and the so-called Hoselitz thesis. The chapter also discusses the question of how urban labor markets work. Here, the main debate since 1969 has been over the Todaro thesis. The chapter explores the evidence and contrasting policies that have emerged from the debate. It turns out that computable general equilibrium models of city growth offer an excellent device for organizing an answer to that question. The economic implications of the young adult selectivity bias appear to be straightforward, although there has been tittle research devoted to an assessment of their quantitative importance. The higher urban activity rates would imply higher per capita incomes.
    In: Handbook of development economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1988, (1988), Seite 425-465, 0444703373
    In: 9780444703378
    In: year:1988
    In: pages:425-465
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4471(88)01014-9
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  • 8
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    Chapter 15 Labor markets in low-income countries (1988)
    Dazugehörige Titel
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    UID:
    gbv_1831643529
    ISBN: 0444703373
    Inhalt: Labor being by far the most abundant resource in low-income countries, the determination of the returns to labor plays a central role in models of development. The chapter discusses the operation of low-income labor markets with reference to the models that have been and continue to be influential in shaping the study of such markets. These models are evaluated in terms of their ability to shed light on the realities of the allocation, pricing, and employment of labor in low-income countries. The chapter discusses models directly concerned with and evidence on the employment and pricing of labor in the rural (agricultural) sector. The chapter also discusses the process of determining rural wages are and their rigidity, the social and private costs of reallocating labor from agriculture to other activities, labor supply behavior, labor market dualism, and unemployment determination. The chapter describes risk-mitigating and effort-eliciting contractual arrangements involving rural labor and the organization of the agricultural enterprise in an environment characterized by incomplete markets. The chapter discusses the issue of whether labor is efficiently allocated across sectors and across geographical areas and problems of barriers to mobility. Models of migration incorporating human capital investments, information and capital constraints, uncertainty with respect to employment, riskiness in annual incomes, temporary migration, remittances, and heterogeneity in preferences and abilities among workers are discussed. The chapter also discusses urban labor markets, and addresses issues concerning the duality of urban labor markets and unemployment determination. The chapter highlights issues of importance to the study of developing economiesin particular, life cycle and intergenerational labor market mobility.
    In: Handbook of development economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1988, (1988), Seite 713-762, 0444703373
    In: 9780444703378
    In: year:1988
    In: pages:713-762
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4471(88)01018-6
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  • 9
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    Chapter 16 Credit markets and interlinked transactions (1988)
    Dazugehörige Titel
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    UID:
    gbv_1831643510
    ISBN: 0444703373
    Inhalt: This chapter presents a discussion on credit markets and interlinked transactions. The chapter discusses a general specification of a credit contract, which is then specialized to yield the three main models to have appeared in the literature. In so doing, most of the important themes and ideas are introduced. The chapter discusses some of the relevant evidence that establishes the empirical importance of interlinking. Following a discussion of the reasons for interlinking, the principal-agent and bargaining theoretic approaches are compared and contrasted in the context of resource allocation, innovation, and welfare. The exposition refers to rural life and its principal actors: farmers, laborers, landlords, tenants, moneylenders, and traders. Much of the analysis, however, can be applied readily to urban life, though the balance of emphasis between the problems of hidden information and hidden actions must then be shifted in favor of the former. Two themes identified above recur throughout this chapter and exert considerable influence over its analytical approach and emphasis. First, where information is concerned, there is the distinction between not knowing what sort of person one is dealing with, which may result in adverse selection, and not knowing what actions that person will take if a contract is sealed, which may result in moral hazard. Second, the problems of contractual enforcement and willful, or strategic, default by borrowers are given a prominent place in the analysis. A third theme stems from these departures from the framework of complete and competitive marketsnamely, how the scope for strategic behavior is resolved in equilibrium. The principal-agent formulation appears in a number of guises throughout the chapter. Strategic default has had a prominent place in the analysis of this chapter.
    In: Handbook of development economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1988, (1988), Seite 763-830, 0444703373
    In: 9780444703378
    In: year:1988
    In: pages:763-830
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4471(88)01019-8
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  • 10
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    Chapter 2 The roots of development theory (1988)
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    UID:
    gbv_1831643650
    ISBN: 0444703373
    Inhalt: This chapter presents an investigation on the availability of the current development theory, in the writings of the 18th century. The theory of economic development established itself in Britain in the century and a half running from about 1650 to Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations. The chapter concentrates on the writings of the three superstars of the eighteenth century, Hume, Steuart, and Adam Smith. The eighteenth century economists did not find the precise distinction between tradeable and non-tradeable goods and services. They were also conscious of the difficulties of exporting imposed constraints on the growth of the economy. If they were obsessed with the balance of payments, it may also be said that mid-twentieth-century economists underestimated the importance of this constraint, and paid the penalty in almost continual international currency crises from 1913 to the time of writing (1985). The Quantity Theory of money was well known to economists throughout the eighteenth century, because of its formulation by John Locke. About the short-term effects on wages of an increase in the demand for labor, the long-run effects were disputed by at least three groups: those who believed in increasing returns, those who saw an infinitely elastic supply of labor, and a third group that expected diminishing returns. Economic institutions were different then from now, and this is reflected in the shape of development theory. The eighteenth century could not contribute spectacularly to the monetary theory of the twentieth century, because the institutional background differed so greatly as between the two periods. This is an age of paper moneybanknotes checks and so onwhereas theirs was still an age of precious metals circulating as money.
    In: Handbook of development economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1988, (1988), Seite 27-37, 0444703373
    In: 9780444703378
    In: year:1988
    In: pages:27-37
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4471(88)01005-8
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