Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (414 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9789240012677

Serie: WHO Food Additives Series

Anmerkung: COVER -- TITLE -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids -- 1. Explanation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Systematic review approach -- 1.2.1 Objective -- 1.2.2 Research questions -- 1.2.3 Search strategy systematic review -- 1.2.4 Inclusion and exclusion of studies -- 1.2.5 Search strategy: exposure assessment and risk management strategies -- 2. Biological data -- 2.1 Biochemical aspects -- 2.1.1 Absorption, distribution and excretion -- (a) Absorption -- (b) Distribution -- (c) Excretion -- 2.1.2 Biotransformation -- (a) In vitro -- (b) Ex vivo -- (c) In vivo -- (d) Overview biotransformation -- (e) Ruminal microbial metabolism -- 2.1.3 Effects on enzymes and other biochemical parameters -- (a) In vitro CYP inhibition -- (b) In vivo CYP induction -- (c) Effect on Phase II enzymes -- (d) Effect on other enzymes -- (e) Unknown mechanism of action -- 2.1.4 Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling -- 2.1.5 Transfer from feed to food -- (a) Milk -- (b) Avian eggs -- (c) Avian meat -- (d) Mammalian meat -- 2.2 Toxicological studies -- 2.2.1 Acute toxicity -- 2.2.2 Short-term studies of toxicity -- (a) Mouse -- (b) Rat -- (c) Chicken -- (d) Quail -- (e) Pig -- (f) Sheep -- (g) Cows -- (h) Horses and donkeys -- 2.2.3 Long-term studies of toxicity and carcinogenicity -- (a) Mouse -- (b) Rat -- 2.2.4 Genotoxicity -- (a) In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies -- (b) Covalent binding to nucleic acids and/or proteins -- (c) Results of additional assays with end-points related to genotoxicity -- (d) Summary and overall conclusion on genotoxicity -- 2.2.5 Reproductive and developmental toxicity -- (a) Multigeneration reproductive toxicity -- (b) Developmental toxicity -- 2.2.6 Special studies -- (a) Immunotoxicity -- (b) Neurotoxicity -- (c) Photoisomerization -- 2.3 Observations in domestic animals/veterinary toxicology. , (a) Pig -- (b) Horse -- (c) Goat -- (d) Sheep -- (e) Buffaloes -- (f) Cows -- (g) Yaks -- (h) Wombats -- 2.4 Observations in humans -- 2.4.1 Outbreaks -- (a) Central India -- (b) North-western Afghanistan -- (c) Tajikistan -- (d) Northern Iraq -- (e) Northern Ethiopia -- 2.4.2 Case reports -- 2.4.3 Case series -- 2.4.4 Biomarkers -- 2.5 Concluding remarks -- 3. Analytical methods -- 3.1 Chemistry and sources of PAs -- 3.2 Description of analytical methods -- 3.2.1 Introduction -- (a) Summary of analytical issues -- (b) Stability issues -- (c) Solubility issues -- (d) Extraction and isolation -- (e) Reduction of 1,2-unsaturated PA-N-oxides to free bases -- (f) Introduction to methods of separation, detection and quantitation -- 3.2.2 Screening methods for 1,2-unsaturated PAs -- (a) Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) -- (b) Electrophoresis -- (c) Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR spectroscopy) -- (d) Immunological methods -- (e) Summation methods based on spectrophotometry -- (f) 1,2-Unsaturated PA detection by insects -- 3.2.3 Quantitative methods -- (a) Summation methods involving GC-MS or LC-MS -- (b) High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC-MS -- (c) Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-MS -- 3.2.4 Quality assurance considerations -- 3.2.5 Reference methods -- 4. Sampling protocols -- 5. Effects of processing on levels of PA in food and feed -- 5.1 Food processing -- 5.1.1 Fate of PAs during cleaning of cereals -- 5.1.2 Fate of PAs during preparation of black/herbal tea infusions -- 5.1.3 Fate of PAs in processing of honey and honey products -- 5.1.4 Fate of PAs in pollen processing -- 5.1.5 Fate of PAs during borage oil processing -- 5.1.6 Indirect evidence for stability of PAs during processing -- 5.1.7 Fate of PAs transferred to milk, eggs and meat -- 5.2 Feed processing. , 6. Levels and patterns of contamination in food commodities -- 6.1 Submitted data -- 6.1.1 Brazil -- 6.1.2 FoodDrinkEurope -- 6.1.3 Germany -- 6.1.4 Hungary -- 6.1.5 Luxembourg -- 6.2 Literature data -- 6.2.1 Cereal and cereal products -- 6.2.2 Teas and herbal teas -- 6.2.3 Milk and dairy products -- 6.2.4 Eggs -- 6.2.5 Meat, including organ meat -- 6.2.6 Honey -- 6.2.7 Herbal supplements/medicines -- 6.2.8 Culinary herbs -- 6.2.9 Other foods -- (a) Pollen -- (b) Plant oils -- 6.3 Animal feed -- 7. Food consumption and dietary exposure assessment -- 7.1 National estimates of dietary exposure from the scientific literature -- 7.1.1 Germany -- (a) Honey -- (b) Herbal tea and tea -- (c) Culinary herbs -- 7.1.2 Ireland -- (a) Honey -- (b) Tea -- (c) Herbal medicines -- 7.1.3 Netherlands -- (a) Herbal tea -- (b) Herbal supplements -- 7.1.4 USA -- 7.2 National estimates of dietary exposure derived by the Committee -- 7.2.1 Australia -- 7.2.2 Brazil -- 7.3 Regional estimates of dietary exposure -- 7.3.1 Europe, 2011 -- 7.3.2 Europe, 2016 -- 7.4 International estimates of dietary exposure -- 7.5 Summary of dietary exposure estimates -- 7.6 Limitations of the dietary exposure assessment -- 8. Prevention and control -- 8.1 Environmental management - weed control practices -- 8.2 Good manufacturing practices and HACCP -- 8.3 Increased resistance of livestock to 1,2-unsaturated PAs -- 8.4 Management of livestock feed -- 9. Dose-response analysis and estimation of toxic/carcinogenic risk -- 9.1 Identification of key data for risk assessment -- 9.1.1 Pivotal data from biochemical and toxicological studies -- 9.1.2 Pivotal data from human clinical/epidemiological studies -- 9.1.3 Biomarker studies -- 9.2 General modelling considerations -- 9.2.1 Previous analyses of dose-response relationships -- (a) United Kingdom Committee on Carcinogenicity, 2008. , (b) EFSA, 2011 and 2017 -- (c) RIVM, 2014 -- 9.2.2 Dose-response modelling and BMD calculations -- 9.3 Relative potency factors -- 10. Comments -- 10.1 Biochemical aspects -- 10.2 Toxicological studies -- 10.2.1 Acute toxicity of PAs -- 10.2.2 Short-term toxicity -- 10.2.3 Long-term toxicity -- (a) Lasiocarpine (NCI, 1978) -- (b) Riddelliine (NTP, 2003) -- 10.2.4 Genotoxicity -- 10.2.5 Reproductive and developmental toxicity -- 10.2.6 Special studies -- 10.3 Observations in domestic animals/veterinary toxicology -- 10.4 Observations in humans -- 10.5 Analytical methods -- 10.6 Sampling protocols -- 10.7 Effects of processing -- 10.8 Prevention and control -- 10.9 Levels and patterns of contamination in food commodities -- 10.10 Food consumption and dietary exposure assessment -- 10.11 Dose-response analysis -- 10.11.1 Relative potency -- 10.11.2 Point of departure or health-based guidance value for acute or short-term toxicity -- 11. Evaluation -- 11.1 Conclusions -- 11.2 Recommendations -- 12. References -- Annex 1 Reports and other documents resulting from previous meetings of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Com -- Annex 2 Participants in the eightieth meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additive -- Annex 3 Abbreviations used in the monographs -- Annex 4 Systematic review protocol for animal intervention studies -- BACKCOVER.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants Geneva : World Health Organization,c2020

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books. ; Electronic books.

URL: Click here to view book

URL: Click to View

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (362 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9789240060760

Serie: WHO Food Additives Series

Anmerkung: Cover -- Title page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- SAFETY EVALUATIONS OF SPECIFIC CONTAMINANTS IN FOOD -- Cadmium: dietary exposure assessment -- 1. Explanation -- 2. Food consumption and dietary exposure assessment -- 2.1 Concentrations in food used in the dietary exposure estimates -- 2.2 Food consumption data used in the dietary exposure estimates -- 2.3 National estimates of chronic dietary exposure from the literature -- (a) Australia -- (b) Bangladesh -- (c) Benin -- (d) Brazil -- (e) Cameroon -- (f) Canada -- (g) Chile -- (h) China -- (i) Denmark -- (j) Europe -- (k) France -- (l) French Polynesia -- (m) Germany -- (n) Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China -- (o) Iran, Islamic Republic of -- (p) Ireland -- (q) Italy -- (r) Japan -- (s) Korea, Republic of -- (t) Mali -- (u) Netherlands (Kingdom of the) -- (v) New Zealand -- (w) Nigeria -- (x) Poland -- (y) Serbia -- (z) Spain -- (aa) Sri Lanka -- (bb) Sweden -- (cc) Thailand -- (dd) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland -- (ee) United States of America -- (ff) Viet Nam -- (gg) Summary -- 2.4 International estimates of chronic dietary exposure -- 2.4.1 Temporal trends in dietary cadmium exposure -- 2.4.2 Impact of cocoa product source on dietary cadmium exposure -- 2.4.3 Impact of proposed maximum limits for cadmium on cocoa product rejection rates and dietary cadmium exposure -- 3. Evaluation -- 4. References -- 5. Appendix -- Ergot alkaloids -- 1. Explanation -- 2. Biological data -- 2.1 Biochemical aspects -- 2.1.1 Absorption, distribution and excretion -- 2.1.2 Biotransformation -- 2.1.3 Effects on enzymes and other biochemical parameters -- 2.1.4 Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling -- 2.1.5 Transfer from feed to food -- 2.2 Toxicological studies -- 2.2.1 Acute toxicity -- 2.2.2 Short-term studies of toxicity. , 2.2.3 Long-term studies of toxicity and carcinogenicity -- 2.2.4 Genotoxicity -- 2.2.5 Reproductive and developmental toxicity -- 2.2.6 Special studies -- 2.3 Observations in domestic animals/veterinary toxicology -- 2.4 Observations in humans -- 2.4.1 Biomarkers of exposure -- 2.4.2 Biomarkers of effect -- 2.4.3 Clinical observations -- 2.4.4 Epidemiological studies -- 3. Analytical methods -- 3.1 Chemistry -- 3.2 Description of analytical methods -- 3.2.1 Introduction -- 3.2.2 Screening tests -- 3.2.3 Quantitative methods -- 4. Sampling protocols -- 5. Effects of processing -- 5.1 Sorting, cleaning and milling -- 5.2 Thermal and chemical food processing -- 5.3 Fermentation -- 6. Prevention and control -- 6.1 Preharvest control -- 6.2 Postharvest control -- 6.3 Decontamination -- 7. Levels and patterns of contamination in food commodities -- 7.1 Surveillance data -- 7.1.1 African Region -- 7.1.2 Region of the Americas -- 7.1.3 Eastern Mediterranean and South-East Asia regions -- 7.1.4 European Region -- 7.1.5 Western Pacific Region -- 7.2 Conclusions -- 8. Food consumption and dietary exposure estimates -- 8.1 Concentrations in food used in the dietary exposure estimates -- 8.2 Food consumption data used in the dietary exposure estimates -- 8.3 Assessments of dietary exposure -- 8.3.1 National or regional estimates of chronic dietary exposure from the published literature -- 8.3.2 National or regional estimates of chronic dietary exposure derived by the Committee -- 8.3.3 International estimates of chronic dietary exposure derived by the Committee -- 8.3.4 Dietary chronic exposures summary -- 8.4 Assessments of acute dietary exposure -- 8.4.1 National estimates of acute dietary exposure from the published literature -- 8.4.2 National estimates of acute dietary exposure derived by the Committee -- 8.5 Summary of global dietary exposure estimates. , 9. Dose-response analysis and estimation of toxicity/ carcinogenic risk -- 9.1 Identification of key data for risk assessment -- 9.1.1 Pivotal data from biochemical and toxicological studies -- 9.1.2 Pivotal data from human clinical/epidemiological studies -- 9.2 General modelling considerations -- 9.2.1 Selection of data -- 9.2.2 Measure of exposure -- 9.2.3 Measure of response -- 9.2.4 Selection of mathematical model -- 9.3 BMD analysis -- 10. Comments -- 10.1 Biochemical aspects -- 10.2 Toxicological studies -- 10.3 Observations in domestic animals/veterinary toxicology -- 10.4 Observations in humans -- 10.4.1 Biomarkers -- 10.4.2 Clinical observations -- 10.4.3 Epidemiology -- 10.5 Analytical methods -- 10.6 Sampling protocols -- 10.7 Effects of processing -- 10.8 Prevention and control -- 10.9 Levels and patterns of contamination in food commodities -- 10.10 Food consumption and dietary exposure estimates -- 10.10.1 Transfer from feed to food -- 10.11 Dose-response analysis -- 10.11.1 Dose-response data in humans -- 10.11.2 Dose-response data in animals -- 11. Evaluation -- 11.1 Recommendations -- 12. References -- Previous cargoes - solvents and reactants -- A. ASSESSMENT OF SUBSTANCES PROPOSED AS PREVIOUS CARGOES -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 2.1 Global production and consumption of fats and oils -- 2.2 Regulations affecting fats and oils -- 2.3 Global transport of fats and oils -- 2.4 The interrelationship of national, regional and trade interests -- 2.5 Development of the Codex Code of Practice for Storage and Transport of Edible Fats and Oils in Bulk -- 3. Development of criteria -- 4. Basis of evaluation -- 4.1 Chemistry/reactivity -- 4.2 Methods of analysis -- 4.3 Dietary exposure assessment for previous cargo chemical substances -- 4.3.1 Exposure estimates in the 2006 criteria document. , 4.3.2 Exposure estimates based on up-to-date consumption data for adults -- 4.3.3 Exposure estimates for infants and young children -- 4.3.4 Exposure from other dietary sources -- 4.3.5 Conclusion -- 4.4 Approach to toxicological evaluation -- 5. Recommendations -- B. EVALUATION OF SOLVENTS AND REACTANTS -- I. Acetic anhydride -- 1. Explanation -- 2. Chemical and technical considerations -- 2.1 Manufacture and uses of acetic anhydride -- 2.1.1 Acetic acid process (ketene process) -- 2.1.2 Acetaldehyde oxidation process -- 2.1.3 Carbonylation of methyl acetate process -- 2.2 Impurities and secondary contaminants -- 2.3 Reactivity and reactions with fats and oils -- 2.4 Methods of analysis -- 3. Biological data -- 3.1 Biochemical aspects -- 3.2 Toxicity in experimental animals -- 3.2.1 Acute toxicity -- 3.2.2 Short-term and long-term studies of toxicity and carcinogenicity -- 3.2.3 Reproductive and developmental toxicity -- 3.2.4 Genotoxicity -- 3.2.5 Allergenicity -- 3.2.6 Impurities -- 3.3 Observations in humans -- 4. Occurrence and exposure -- 5. Comments -- 5.1 Chemical and technical considerations -- 5.2 Biochemical aspects -- 5.3 Toxicological studies -- 5.4 Allergenicity -- 5.5 Impurities -- 5.6 Assessment of dietary exposure -- 6. Evaluation -- II. sec-Butyl acetate -- 1. Explanation -- 2. Chemical and technical considerations -- 2.1 Manufacture and uses of sec-butyl acetate -- 2.2 Impurities and secondary contaminants -- 2.3 Reactivity and reactions with fats and oils -- 2.4 Methods of analysis -- 3. Biological data -- 3.1 Biochemical aspects -- 3.2 Toxicological studies -- 3.2.1 Acute toxicity -- 3.2.2 Short-term and long-term studies of toxicity and carcinogenicity -- 3.2.3 Reproductive and developmental toxicity -- 3.2.4 Genotoxicity -- 3.2.5 Allergenicity -- 3.2.6 Impurities -- 3.3 Observations in humans -- 4. Occurrence and exposure. , 5. Comments -- 5.1 Chemical and technical considerations -- 5.2 Biochemical aspects -- 5.3 Toxicological studies -- 5.4 Allergenicity -- 5.5 Impurities -- 5.6 Assessment of dietary exposure -- 6. Evaluation -- III. Tert-butyl acetate -- 1. Explanation -- 2. Chemical and technical considerations -- 2.1 Manufacture and uses of tert-butyl acetate -- 2.2 Impurities and secondary contaminants -- 2.3 Reactivity and reactions with fats and oils -- 2.4 Methods of analysis -- 3. Biological data -- 3.1 Biochemical aspects -- 3.2 Toxicological studies -- 3.2.1 Acute toxicity -- 3.2.2 Short-term and long-term studies of toxicity and carcinogenicity -- 3.2.3 Reproductive and developmental toxicity -- 3.2.4 Genotoxicity -- 3.2.5 Allergenicity -- 3.3 Observations in humans -- 4. Occurrence and exposure -- 5. Comments -- 5.1 Chemical and technical considerations -- 5.2 Biochemical aspects -- 5.3 Toxicological studies -- 5.4 Allergenicity -- 5.5 Impurities -- 5.6 Assessment of dietary exposure -- 6. Evaluation -- IV. n-Pentane -- 1. Explanation -- 2. Chemical and technical considerations -- 2.1 Manufacture and uses of n-pentane -- 2.2 Impurities and secondary contaminants -- 2.3 Reactivity and reactions with fats and oils -- 2.4 Methods of analysis -- 3. Biological data -- 3.1 Biochemical aspects -- 3.2 Toxicological studies -- 3.2.1 Acute toxicity -- 3.2.2 Short-term and long-term studies of toxicity and carcinogenicity -- 3.2.3 Reproductive and developmental toxicity -- 3.2.4 Genotoxicity -- 3.2.5 Allergenicity -- 3.2.6 Impurities -- 3.3 Observations in humans -- 4. Occurrence and exposure -- 5. Comments -- 5.1 Chemical and technical considerations -- 5.2 Biochemical aspects -- 5.3 Toxicological studies -- 5.4 Allergenicity -- 5.5 Impurities -- 5.6 Assessment of dietary exposure -- 6. Evaluation -- V. Cyclohexane -- 1. Explanation. , 2. Chemical and technical considerations.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Safety Evaluation of Certain Contaminants in Food Geneva : World Health Organization,c2023

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books. ; Electronic books.

URL: Click here to view book

URL: Click to View

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (xix, 569 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

ISBN: 9781139151825 (ebook)

Inhalt: This book presents topics in a single source format using unified spectral theory of computing. With developments of DNS and LES, practitioners are rediscovering waves as important in fluid flows, and capturing these numerically is central to high accuracy computing. Analysis of waves and its use in numerical methods in propagating energy at the right velocity (dispersion effects) and with right amplitude (dissipation) are essential. Most industrial codes using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with turbulence models cannot conceive of capturing waves. The new themes covered in this book are: • Correct error propagation analysis • Practical compact schemes and global analysis tool • Aliasing error and its alleviation • Spurious upstream propagating q-waves • Explanation of the Gibbs phenomenon • New 1D and 2D filters for LES/DNS without SGS modelling • Anisotropic skewed wave propagation • Development and analysis of dispersion relation preservation (DRP) schemes • Flow instabilities and wave propagation phenomena

Anmerkung: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015). , Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Basic Ideas of Scientific Computing -- 1.1.Overview on Scientific Computing -- 1.2.Major Milestones in Electronic Computing -- 1.3.Supercomputing and High Performance Computing -- 1.3.1.Parallel and cluster computing -- 1.3.2.Algorithmic issues of HPC -- 1.4.Computational Fluid Mechanics -- 1.5.Role of Computational Fluid Mechanics -- ch. 2 Governing Equations in Fluid Mechanics -- 2.1.Introduction -- 2.2.Basic Equations of Fluid Mechanics -- 2.2.1.Finite control volume -- 2.2.2.Infinitesimal fluid element -- 2.2.3.Substantive derivative -- 2.3.Equation of Continuity -- 2.4.Momentum Conservation Equation -- 2.5.Energy Conservation Equation -- 2.6.Alternate Forms of Energy Equation -- 2.7.The Energy Equation in Conservation Form -- 2.8.Notes on Governing Equations -- 2.9.Strong Conservation and Weak Conservation Forms -- 2.10.Boundary and Initial Conditions (Auxiliary Conditions) -- 2.11.Equations of Motion in Non-Inertial Frame -- 2.12.Equations of Motion in Terms of Derived Variables -- 2.13.Vorticity-Vector Potential Formulation -- 2.14.Pressure Poisson Equation -- 2.15.Comparison of Different Formulations -- 2.16.Other Forms of Navier-Stokes Equation -- ch. 3 Classification of Quasi-Linear Partial Differential Equations -- 3.1.Introduction -- 3.2.Classification of Partial Differential Equations -- 3.3.Relationship of Numerical Solution Procedure and Equation Type -- 3.4.Nature of Well-Posed Problems -- 3.5.Non-Dimensional Form of Equations -- ch. 4 Waves and Space-Time Dependence in Computing -- 4.1.Introduction -- 4.2.The Wave Equation -- 4.2.1.Plane waves -- 4.2.2.Three-dimensional axisymmetric wave -- 4.2.3.Doppler shift -- 4.2.4.Surface gravity waves -- 4.3.Deep and Shallow Water Waves -- 4.4.Group Velocity and Energy Flux -- 4.4.1.Physical and computational implications of group velocity -- 4.4.2.Wave-packets and their propagation -- 4.4.3.Waves over layer of constant depth -- 4.4.4.Waves over layer of variable depth H(x) -- 4.4.5.Wave refraction in shallow waters -- 4.4.6.Finite amplitude waves of unchanging form in dispersive medium -- 4.5.Internal Waves at Fluid Interface: Rayleigh-Taylor Problem -- 4.5.1.Internal and surface waves in finite over an infinite deep layer of fluid -- 4.5.2.Barotropic or surface mode -- 4.5.3.Baroclinic or internal mode -- 4.5.4.Rotating shallow water equation and wave dynamics -- 4.6.Shallow Water Equation (SWE) -- 4.6.1.Various frequency regimes of SWE -- 4.7.Additional Issues of Computing: Space-Time Resolution of Flows -- 4.7.1.Spatial scales in turbulent flows -- 4.8.Two- and Three-Dimensional DNS -- 4.9.Temporal Scales in Turbulent Flows -- 4.10.Computing Time-Averaged and Unsteady Flows -- ch. 5 Spatial and Temporal Discretizations of Partial Differential Equations -- 5.1.Introduction -- 5.2.Discretization of Differential Operators -- 5.2.1.Functional representation by the Taylor series -- 5.2.2.Polynomial representation of function -- 5.3.Discretization in Non-Uniform Grids -- 5.4.Higher Order Representation of Derivatives Using Operators -- 5.5.Higher Order Upwind Differences -- 5.5.1.Symmetric stencil for higher derivatives -- 5.6.Numerical Errors -- 5.7.Time Integration -- 5.7.1.Single-step methods -- 5.7.2.Single-step multi-stage methods -- 5.7.3.Runge-Kutta methods -- 5.7.4.Multi-step time integration schemes -- ch. 6 Solution Methods for Parabolic Partial Differential Equations -- 6.1.Introduction -- 6.2.Theoretical Analysis of the Heat Equation -- 6.3.A Classical Algorithm for Solution of the Heat Equation -- 6.4.Spectral Analysis of Numerical Methods -- 6.4.1.A higher order method or Milne's method -- 6.5.Treating Derivative Boundary Condition -- 6.6.Stability, Accuracy and Consistency of Numerical Methods -- 6.6.1.Richardson's method -- 6.6.2.Du Fort -- Frankel method -- 6.7.Implicit Methods -- 6.8.Spectral Stability Analysis of Implicit Methods -- Appendix I -- ch. 7 Solution Methods for Elliptic Partial Differential Equations -- 7.1.Introduction -- 7.2.Jacobi or Richardson Iteration -- 7.3.Interpretation of Classical Iterations -- 7.4.Different Point and Line Iterative Methods -- 7.4.1.Gauss-Seidel point iterative method -- 7.4.2.Line Jacobi method -- 7.4.3.Explanation of line iteration methods -- 7.5.Analysis of Iterative Methods -- 7.6.Convergence Theorem for Stationary Linear Iteration -- 7.7.Relaxation Methods -- 7.8.Efficiency of Iterative Methods and Rate of Convergence -- 7.8.1.Method of acceleration due to Lyusternik -- 7.9.Alternate Direction Implicit (ADI) Method -- 7.9.1.Analysis of ADI method -- 7.9.2.Choice of acceleration parameters -- 7.9.3.Estimates of maximum and minimum eigenvalues -- 7.9.4.Explanatory notes on ADI and other variant methods -- 7.10.Method of Fractional Steps -- 7.11.Multi-Grid Methods -- 7.11.1.Two-Grid method -- 7.11.2.Multi-Grid method -- 7.11.3.Other classifications of multi-grid method -- ch. 8 Solution of Hyperbolic PDEs: Signal and Error Propagation -- 8.1.Introduction -- 8.2.Classical Methods of Solving Hyperbolic Equations -- 8.2.1.Explicit methods -- 8.3.Implicit Methods -- 8.4.General Characteristics of Various Methods for Linear Problems -- 8.5.Non-linear Hyperbolic Problems -- 8.6.Error Dynamics: Beyond von Neumann Analysis -- 8.6.1.Dispersion error and its quantification -- 8.7.Role of Group Velocity and Focussing -- 8.7.1.Focussing phenomenon -- ch. 9 Curvilinear Coordinate and Grid Generation -- 9.1.Introduction -- 9.2.Generalized Curvilinear Scheme -- 9.3.Reciprocal or Dual Base Vectors -- 9.4.Geometric Interpretation of Metrics -- 9.5.Orthogonal Grid System -- 9.6.Generalized Coordinate Transformation -- 9.7.Equations for the Metrics -- 9.8.Navier-Stokes Equation in the Transformed Plane -- 9.9.Linearization of Fluxes -- 9.10.Thin Layer Navier-Stokes Equation -- 9.11.Grid Generation -- 9.12.Types of Grid -- 9.13.Grid Generation Methods -- 9.14.Algebraic Grid Generation Method -- 9.14.1.One-dimensional stretching functions -- 9.15.Grid Generation by Solving Partial Differential Equations -- 9.16.Elliptic Grid Generators -- 9.17.Hyperbolic Grid Generation Method -- 9.18.Orthogonal Grid Generation for Navier-Stokes Computations -- 9.19.Coordinate Transformations and Governing Equations in Orthogonal System -- 9.19.1.Gradient operator -- 9.19.2.Divergence operator -- 9.19.3.The Laplacian operator -- 9.19.4.The curl operator -- 9.19.5.The line integral -- 9.19.6.The surface integral -- 9.19.7.The volume integral -- 9.20.The Gradient and Laplacian of Scalar Function -- 9.21.Vector Operators of a Vector Function -- 9.22.Plane Polar Coordinates -- 9.23.Navier-Stokes Equation in Orthogonal Formulation -- 9.24.Improved Orthogonal Grid Generation Method for Cambered Airfoils -- 9.24.1.Orthogonal grid generation for GA(W)-1 airfoil -- 9.24.2.Orthogonal grid generation for an airfoil with roughness element -- 9.24.3.Solutions of Navier-Stokes equation for flow past SHM-1 airfoil -- 9.24.4.Compressible flow past NACA 0012 airfoil -- 9.25.Governing Euler Equation, Auxiliary Conditions, Numerical Methods and Results -- 9.26.Flow Field Calculation Using Overset or Chimera Grid Technique -- ch. , 10 Spectral Analysis of Numerical Schemes and Aliasing Error -- 10.1.Introduction -- 10.2.Spatial Discretization of First Derivatives -- 10.2.1.Second order central differencing (CD2) scheme -- 10.3.Discrete Computing and Nyquist Criterion -- 10.4.Spectral Accuracy of Differentiation -- 10.5.Spectral Analysis of Fourth Order Central Difference Scheme -- 10.6.Role of Upwinding -- 10.6.1.First order upwind scheme (UD1) -- 10.6.2.Third order upwind scheme (UD3) -- 10.7.Numerical Stability and Concept of Feedback -- 10.8.Spectral Stability Analysis -- 10.9.High Accuracy Schemes for Spatial Derivatives -- 10.10.Temporal Discretization Schemes -- 10.10.1.Euler time integration scheme -- 10.10.2.Four-stage Runge-Kutta (RK4) method -- 10.11.Multi-Time Level Discretization Schemes -- 10.11.1.Mid-point leapfrog scheme -- 10.11.2.Second order Adams-Bashforth scheme -- 10.12.Aliasing Error -- 10.12.1.Why aliasing error is important? -- 10.12.2.Estimation of aliased component -- 10.13.Numerical Estimates of Aliasing Error -- 10.14.Controlling Aliasing Error -- 10.14.1.Aliasing removal by zero padding -- 10.14.2.Aliasing removal by phase shifts and grid-staggering -- ch. 11 Higher Accuracy Methods -- 11.1.Introduction -- 11.2.The General Compact Schemes -- 11.2.1.Approximating first derivatives by central scheme -- 11.3.Method for Solving Periodic Tridiagonal Matrix Equation -- 11.4.An Example of a Sixth Order Scheme -- 11.5.Order of Approximation versus Resolution -- 11.6.Optimization Problem Associated with Discrete Evaluation of First Derivatives -- 11.7.An Optimized Compact Scheme For First Derivative by Grid Search Method -- 11.8.Upwind Compact Schemes -- 11.9.Compact Schemes with Improved Numerical Properties -- 11.9.1.OUCS1 scheme -- 11.9.2.OUCS2 scheme -- 11.9.3.OUCS3 scheme -- 11.9.4.OUCS4 scheme -- 11.10.Approximating Second Derivatives -- 11.11.Optimization Problem for Evaluation of the Second Derivatives -- 11.12.Solution of One-Dimensional Convection Equation -- 11.13.Symmetrized Compact Difference Schemes -- 11.13.1.High accuracy symmetrized compact scheme -- 11.13.2.Solving bidirectional wave equation -- 11.13.3.Transitional channel flow -- 11.13.3.1.Establishment of equilibrium flow -- 11.13.3.2.Receptivity of channel flow to convecting single viscous vortex -- 11.13.4.Transitional channel flow created by vortex street -- 11.14.Combined Compact Difference (CCD) Schemes -- 11.14.1.A new combined compact difference (NCCD) scheme -- 11.14.2.Solving the Stommel Ocean Model problem -- 11.14.3.Operational aspects of the CCD schemes -- 11.14.4.Calibrating NCCD method to solve Navier-Stokes equation for 2D lid-driven cavity problem -- 11.15.Diffusion Discretization and Dealiasing Properties of Compact Schemes -- 11.15.1.Dynamics and aliasing in square LDC problem --

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: ISBN 9781107023635

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books

URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139151825

URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139151825

URL: Volltext

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (xiii, 300 pages)

ISBN: 9781118897140 , 1118897145 , 9781118897126 , 1118897129 , 9781118897133 , 1118897137

Inhalt: A comprehensive guide to automated statistical data cleaning The production of clean data is a complex and time-consuming process that requires both technical know-how and statistical expertise. Statistical Data Cleaning brings together a wide range of techniques for cleaning textual, numeric or categorical data. This book examines technical data cleaning methods relating to data representation and data structure. A prominent role is given to statistical data validation, data cleaning based on predefined restrictions, and data cleaning strategy. Key features: -Focuses on the automation of data cleaning methods, including both theory and applications written in R.-Enables the reader to design data cleaning processes for either one-off analytical purposes or for setting up production systems that clean data on a regular basis.-Explores statistical techniques for solving issues such as incompleteness, contradictions and outliers, integration of data cleaning components and quality monitoring.-Supported by an accompanying website featuring data and R code. This book enables data scientists and statistical analysts working with data to deepen their understanding of data cleaning as well as to upgrade their practical data cleaning skills. It can also be used as material for a course in data cleaning and analyses.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- About the Companion Website -- Chapter 1 Data Cleaning -- 1.1 The Statistical Value Chain -- 1.1.1 Raw Data -- 1.1.2 Input Data -- 1.1.3 Valid Data -- 1.1.4 Statistics -- 1.1.5 Output -- 1.2 Notation and Conventions Used in this Book -- Chapter 2 A Brief Introduction to R -- 2.1 R on the Command Line -- 2.1.1 Getting Help and Learning R -- 2.2 Vectors -- 2.2.1 Computing with Vectors -- 2.2.2 Arrays and Matrices -- 2.3 Data Frames -- 2.3.1 The Formula-Data Interface -- 2.3.2 Selecting Rows and Columns -- Boolean Operators -- 2.3.3 Selection with Indices -- 2.3.4 Data Frame Manipulation: The dplyr Package -- 2.4 Special Values -- 2.4.1 Missing Values -- 2.5 Getting Data into and out of R -- 2.5.1 File Paths in R -- 2.5.2 Formats Provided by Packages -- 2.5.3 Reading Data from a Database -- 2.5.4 Working with Data External to R -- 2.6 Functions -- 2.6.1 Using Functions -- 2.6.2 Writing Functions -- 2.7 Packages Used in this Book -- Chapter 3 Technical Representation of Data -- 3.1 Numeric Data -- 3.1.1 Integers -- 3.1.2 Integers in R -- 3.1.3 Real Numbers -- 3.1.4 Double Precision Numbers -- 3.1.5 The Concept of Machine Precision -- 3.1.6 Consequences of Working with Floating Point Numbers -- 3.1.7 Dealing with the Consequences -- 3.1.8 Numeric Data in R -- 3.2 Text Data -- 3.2.1 Terminology and Encodings -- 3.2.2 Unicode -- 3.2.3 Some Popular Encodings -- 3.2.4 Textual Data in R: Objects of Class Character -- 3.2.5 Encoding in R -- 3.2.6 Reading and Writing of Data with Non-Local Encoding -- 3.2.7 Detecting Encoding -- 3.2.8 Collation and Sorting -- 3.3 Times and Dates -- 3.3.1 AIT, UTC, and POSIX Seconds Since the Epcoch -- 3.3.2 Time and Date Notation -- 3.3.3 Time and Date Storage in R -- 3.3.4 Time and Date Conversion in R -- 3.3.5 Leap Days, Time Zones, and Daylight Saving Times. , 3.4 Notes on Locale Settings -- Chapter 4 Data Structure -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Tabular Data -- 4.2.1 data.frame -- 4.2.2 Databases -- 4.2.3 dplyr -- 4.3 Matrix Data -- 4.4 Time Series -- 4.5 Graph Data -- 4.6 Web Data -- 4.6.1 Web Scraping -- 4.6.2 Web API -- 4.7 Other Data -- 4.8 Tidying Tabular Data -- 4.8.1 Variable Per Column -- 4.8.2 Single Observation Stored in Multiple Tables -- Chapter 5 Cleaning Text Data -- 5.1 Character Normalization -- 5.1.1 Encoding Conversion and Unicode Normalization -- 5.1.2 Character Conversion and Transliteration -- 5.2 Pattern Matching with Regular Expressions -- 5.2.1 Basic Regular Expressions -- 5.2.2 Practical Regular Expressions -- 5.2.3 Generating Regular Expressions in R -- 5.3 Common String Processing Tasks in R -- 5.4 Approximate Text Matching -- 5.4.1 String Metrics -- 5.4.2 String Metrics and Approximate Text Matching in R -- Chapter 6 Data Validation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 A First Look at the validate Package -- 6.2.1 Quick Checks with check_that -- 6.2.2 The Basic Workflow: validator and confront -- 6.2.3 A Little Background on validate and DSLs -- 6.3 Defining Data Validation -- 6.3.1 Formal Definition of Data Validation -- 6.3.2 Operations on Validation Functions -- 6.3.3 Validation and Missing Values -- 6.3.4 Structure of Validation Functions -- 6.3.5 Demarcating Validation Rules in validate -- 6.4 A Formal Typology of Data Validation Functions -- 6.4.1 A Closer Look at Measurement -- 6.4.2 Classification of Validation Rules -- 6.5 Validating Data with the validate Package -- 6.5.1 Validation Rules in the Console and the validator Object -- 6.5.2 Validating in the Pipeline -- 6.5.3 Raising Errors or Warnings -- 6.5.4 Tolerance for Testing Linear Equalities -- 6.5.5 Setting and Resetting Options -- 6.5.6 Importing and Exporting Validation Rules from and to File. , 6.5.7 Checking Variable Types and Metadata -- 6.5.8 Checking Value Ranges and Code Lists -- 6.5.9 Checking In-Record Consistency Rules -- 6.5.10 Checking Cross-Record Validation Rules -- 6.5.11 Checking Functional Dependencies -- 6.5.12 Cross-Dataset Validation -- 6.5.13 Macros, Variable Groups, Keys -- 6.5.14 Analyzing Output: validation Objects -- 6.5.15 Output Dimensionality and Output Selection -- 6.5.15 Exercises for Section -- Chapter 7 Localizing Errors in Data Records -- 7.1 Error Localization -- 7.2 Error Localization with R -- 7.2.1 The Errorlocate Package -- 7.3 Error Localization as MIP-Problem -- 7.3.1 Error Localization and Mixed-Integer Programming -- 7.3.2 Linear Restrictions -- 7.3.3 Categorical Restrictions -- 7.3.4 Mixed-Type Restrictions -- 7.4 Numerical Stability Issues -- 7.4.1 A Short Overview of MIP Solving -- 7.4.2 Scaling Numerical Records -- 7.4.3 Setting Numerical Threshold Values -- 7.5 Practical Issues -- 7.5.1 Setting Reliability Weights -- 7.5.2 Simplifying Conditional Validation Rules -- 7.6 Conclusion -- Chapter 8 Rule Set Maintenance and Simplification -- 8.1 Quality of Validation Rules -- 8.1.1 Completeness -- 8.1.2 Superfluous Rules and Infeasibility -- 8.2 Rules in the Language of Logic -- 8.2.1 Using Logic to Rewrite Rules -- 8.3 Rule Set Issues -- 8.3.1 Infeasible Rule Set -- 8.3.2 Fixed Value -- 8.3.3 Redundant Rule -- 8.3.4 Nonrelaxing Clause -- 8.3.5 Nonconstraining Clause -- 8.4 Detection and Simplification Procedure -- 8.4.1 Mixed-Integer Programming -- 8.4.2 Detecting Feasibility -- 8.4.3 Finding Rules Causing Infeasibility -- 8.4.4 Detecting Conflicting Rules -- 8.4.5 Detect Partial Infeasibility -- 8.4.6 Detect Fixed Values -- 8.4.7 Detect Nonrelaxing Clauses -- 8.4.8 Detect Nonconstraining Clauses -- 8.4.9 Detect Redundant Rules -- 8.5 Conclusion. , Chapter 9 Methods Based on Models for Domain Knowledge -- 9.1 Correction with Data Modifying Rules -- 9.1.1 Modifying Functions -- 9.1.2 A Class of Modifying Functions on Numerical Data -- 9.1.2 Exercises for Section -- 9.2 Rule-Based Correction with dcmodify -- 9.2.1 Reading Rules from File -- 9.2.2 Modifying Rule Syntax -- 9.2.3 Missing Values -- 9.2.4 Sequential and Sequence-Independent Execution -- 9.2.5 Options Settings Management -- 9.3 Deductive Correction -- 9.3.1 Correcting Typing Errors in Numeric Data -- 9.3.1 Exercises for Section -- 9.3.2 Deductive Imputation Using Linear Restrictions -- Chapter 10 Imputation and Adjustment -- 10.1 Missing Data -- 10.1.1 Missing Data Mechanisms -- 10.1.2 Visualizing and Testing for Patterns in Missing Data Using R -- 10.2 Model-Based Imputation -- 10.3 Model-Based Imputation in R -- 10.3.1 Specifying Imputation Methods with simputation -- 10.3.2 Linear Regression-Based Imputation -- 10.3.3 M-Estimation -- 10.3.4 Lasso, Ridge, and Elasticnet Regression -- 10.3.5 Classification and Regression Trees -- 10.3.6 Random Forest -- 10.4 Donor Imputation with R -- 10.4.1 Random and Sequential Hot Deck Imputation -- 10.4.2 k Nearest Neighbors and Predictive Mean Matching -- 10.5 Other Methods in the simputation Package -- 10.6 Imputation Based on the EM Algorithm -- 10.6.1 The EM Algorithm -- 10.6.2 EM Imputation Assuming the Multivariate Normal Distribution -- 10.7 Sampling Variance under Imputation -- 10.8 Multiple Imputations -- 10.8.1 Multiple Imputation Based on the EM Algorithm -- 10.8.2 The Amelia Package -- 10.8.3 Multivariate Imputation with Chained Equations (Mice) -- 10.8.4 Imputation with the mice Package -- 10.9 Analytic Approaches to Estimate Variance of Imputation -- 10.9.1 Imputation as Part of the Estimator -- 10.10 Choosing an Imputation Method -- 10.11 Constraint Value Adjustment. , 10.11.1 Formal Description -- 10.11.2 Application to Imputed Data -- 10.11.3 Adjusting Imputed Values with the rspa Package -- Chapter 11 Example: A Small Data-Cleaning System -- 11.1 Setup -- 11.1.1 Deterministic Methods -- 11.1.2 Error Localization -- 11.1.3 Imputation -- 11.1.4 Adjusting Imputed Data -- 11.2 Monitoring Changes in Data -- 11.2.1 Data Diff (Daff) -- 11.2.2 Summarizing Cell Changes -- 11.2.3 Summarizing Changes in Conformance to Validation Rules -- 11.2.4 Track Changes in Data Automatically with lumberjack -- 11.3 Integration and Automation -- 11.3.1 Using RScript -- 11.3.2 The docopt Package -- 11.3.3 Automated Data Cleaning -- References -- Index -- EULA.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Loo, Mark van der, 1976- Statistical data cleaning with applications in R. Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018 ISBN 9781118897157

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books.

URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118897126

URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118897126

URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118897126

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (243 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9789201135209

Serie: IAEA Nuclear Energy Series ; v.NG-T-2.8

Anmerkung: Intro -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Background -- 1.2. Objective -- 1.3. Scope -- 1.4. Structure -- 1.5. Users -- 2. NUCLEAR FACILITY TRAINING AS PART OF AN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM -- 2.1. Formalization of the training process -- 2.2. Interfaces of the training process -- 2.3. Role of government and regulatory bodies -- 3. THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND TRAINING SYSTEMS -- 3.1. Forms of cooperation -- 3.2. Benefits of cooperation -- 3.3. Role of government in the relationship between education and industry -- 4. ROLES OF MANAGERS AND LEADERS IN TRAINING -- 4.1. Levels of management and leadership -- 4.1.1. Corporate/executive managers -- 4.1.2. Senior managers -- 4.1.3. First level managers/supervisors -- 4.1.4. Roles and responsibilities of corporate/executive managers and leaders related to training and qualification -- 4.1.5. Roles and responsibilities of facility managers, directors and vice presidents related to training and qualification -- 4.1.6. Roles and responsibilities of other senior managers and leaders related to training and qualification -- 4.1.7. Roles and responsibilities of first level managers and supervisors related to training and qualification -- 4.1.8. Roles and responsibilities of the training manager -- 4.1.9. Interfaces between senior managers and training organizations -- 5. TRAINING POLICY -- 5.1. Goals, scope and purpose of the training policy -- 5.2. Training procedures -- 5.3. Selection and recruitment -- 5.4. Relationship between training and knowledge management -- 6. TRAINING CONSULTATION FORUMS AND COMMITTEES -- 6.1. Levels of training forums and committees -- 7. SAT PHASES AND PROCESS -- 7.1. Integration of SAT based training and nuclear facility performance improvement -- 7.2. Initial and continuing training programmes -- 7.3. Incorporating operating experience. , 7.4. Benefits of using SAT -- 7.5. Essential elements of SAT -- 7.5.1. A goal of performance improvement -- 7.5.2. Systematically derived initial and continuing training programmes -- 7.5.3. Consultation and involvement of managers, leaders and workers -- 7.6. Challenges of SAT - applying a graded approach -- 7.6.1. Graded approach - grade 1 roles -- 7.6.2. Graded approach - grade 2 roles -- 7.6.3. Graded approach - grade 3 roles -- 7.6.4. Implementing the graded approach -- 8. SAT IN DEPTH - ANALYSIS PHASE -- 8.1. Overview of the analysis phase -- 8.2. Purpose of the analysis phase -- 8.3. Essentials of the analysis phase -- 8.4. Inputs to the analysis phase -- 8.5. Performance analysis -- 8.6. Training needs analysis -- 8.7. Overview of job and task analysis and job competency analysis -- 8.8. Job and task analysis and job competency analysis -- 8.8.1. Job and task analysis -- 8.8.2. Job competency analysis -- 8.8.3. Combined job and task analysis and job competency analysis -- 8.9. Supplementary analysis methods and techniques -- 8.10. Analysing complex tasks and higher order cognitive competencies -- 8.11. Interpersonal, management and human performance competencies -- 8.12. Selecting the analysis method -- 8.13. Outputs -- 8.14. Lessons learned from the analysis phase -- 9. SAT IN DEPTH - DESIGN PHASE -- 9.1. Overview of the design phase process and activities -- 9.2. Purpose of the design phase -- 9.3. Essentials of the design phase -- 9.4. Inputs to the design phase -- 9.5. Training objectives -- 9.5.1. Three components of training objectives -- 9.5.2. Classification of training objectives -- 9.5.3. Terminal training objectives -- 9.5.4. Enabling training objectives -- 9.6. Design of initial training programmes -- 9.7. Design of continuing training programmes -- 9.8. Just in time training -- 9.9. Selecting the training settings and approach. , 9.9.1. Training settings -- 9.9.2. Training modes -- 9.9.3. Training methods -- 9.9.4. Training tools and aids -- 9.9.5. Factors affecting selection of training settings -- 9.9.6. Assigning training settings -- 9.9.7. Organizing training objectives -- 9.10. Developing questions and constructing tests -- 9.10.1. Develop written test questions -- 9.10.2. Develop skill and knowledge test questions -- 9.10.3. Develop the test specifications -- 9.10.4. Assemble the test -- 9.10.5. Consider additional factors -- 9.11. Training programme and training course descriptions -- 9.12. Estimating resource requirements -- 9.13. Training courses that apply to more than one job -- 9.14. Outputs -- 9.15. Lessons learned in the design phase -- 10. SAT IN DEPTH - DEVELOPMENT PHASE -- 10.1. Overview of the development phase process and activities -- 10.2. Purpose of the development phase -- 10.3. Essentials of the development phase -- 10.4. Inputs to the development phase -- 10.5. Development of training materials -- 10.6. Defining lesson content and training methods -- 10.7. Developing lesson plans -- 10.8. Defining and developing training tools and aids -- 10.9. Infrastructure for training material development -- 10.10. Material for classroom training -- 10.11. Material for simulator training -- 10.11.1. Simulator exercise guides -- 10.11.2. Trainee material for simulator exercises -- 10.12. Material for on the job training -- 10.13. Material for workshop, laboratory and mock-up training -- 10.14. Material for e-learning -- 10.15. Material for self-study -- 10.16. Review, validation, piloting and approval of training material -- 10.16.1. Piloting material -- 10.16.2. Approval and maintenance of training materials -- 10.17. Outputs -- 10.18. Lessons learned/good practices -- 11. SAT IN DEPTH - IMPLEMENTATION PHASE -- 11.1. Overview of the implementation phase. , 11.2. Purpose of the implementation phase -- 11.3. Essentials of the implementation phase -- 11.4. Inputs to the implementation phase -- 11.5. Activities performed during the implementation phase -- 11.5.1. Scheduling implementation -- 11.5.2. Pre-testing trainees -- 11.5.3. Instructor preparation -- 11.5.4. Overall considerations for assessing trainee performance -- 11.6. Implementing various types of training -- 11.6.1. Classroom training -- 11.6.2. Simulator training -- 11.6.3. On the job training -- 11.6.4. Workshop, laboratory and mock-up training -- 11.6.5. E-learning -- 11.6.6. Self-study -- 11.7. Output from the implementation phase -- 11.8. Exemption from training -- 11.9. Administering tests -- 11.10. Feedback to trainees -- 11.11. Performance not meeting required standards -- 11.12. In-training programme evaluation -- 11.13. Training records and reports -- 11.14. Lessons learned/good practices -- 12. SAT IN DEPTH - EVALUATION PHASE -- 12.1. Overview of the evaluation phase -- 12.2. Purpose of the evaluation phase -- 12.3. Essentials of the evaluation phase -- 12.4. Inputs to the evaluation phase -- 12.5. Stakeholders, ownership and responsibilities for evaluating the effectiveness of facility and personnel -- 12.6. Evaluation of training effectiveness -- 12.7. Training course evaluation -- 12.7.1. Student reaction and learning -- 12.7.2. Transfer of knowledge, skills and attitudes to the job -- 12.7.3. Return on investments -- 12.8. Ownership and responsibilities for evaluating the effectiveness of nuclear facility personnel training -- 12.9. Data from the observation of job performance -- 12.10. Input from job incumbents -- 12.11. Plant facility operating experience feedback and performance indicators -- 12.12. Inputs from internal reviews, inspections and audits -- 12.13. External evaluations of training. , 12.14. Formal evaluation of a completed training programme -- 12.15. Measuring the return on training investment -- 12.16. Outputs from the evaluation phase -- 12.17. Lessons learned from the evaluation phase -- 13. SAT APPLICATIONS -- 13.1. Overview of the training model -- 13.1.1. Nuclear fundamentals training -- 13.1.2. Plant systems and processes -- 13.1.3. Role specific training -- 13.1.4. Simulator training -- 13.1.5. Integration of behavioural requirements into nuclear training programmes -- 13.2. Management and leadership training -- 13.2.1. Management roles and responsibilities -- 13.2.2. Management and leadership competencies -- 13.2.3. Management training and qualification: Corporate management training -- 13.2.4. Management experience requirements -- 13.2.5. Initial training of managers -- 13.2.6. Continuing training of managers -- 13.3. Operations personnel training -- 13.3.1. Initial training programmes for authorized operators -- 13.3.2. Initial training programmes for field operators -- 13.3.3. Initial training programmes for shift technical advisers -- 13.3.4. Initial training programmes for fuel handling personnel -- 13.3.5. Initial training programmes for radioactive waste plant personnel -- 13.3.6. Continuing training for main control room operators -- 13.3.7. Continuing training for field operators -- 13.4. Maintenance personnel training -- 13.4.1. Functions and duty areas of maintenance personnel -- 13.4.2. Training and development of maintenance managers -- 13.4.3. Initial training of maintenance personnel -- 13.4.4. Continuing training of maintenance personnel -- 13.5. Engineering and technical support personnel training -- 13.5.1. Functions and duty areas -- 13.5.2. Initial training for engineering and technical support personnel -- 13.5.3. Engineering role/position specific training. , 13.5.4. Continuing training for engineering and technical support personnel.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: IAEA Systematic Approach to Training for Nuclear Facility Personnel: Processes, Methodology and Practices Havertown : International Atomic Energy Agency,c2021

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books.

URL: Click to View

UID:

Umfang: Online-Ressource (XVI, 371 S. 350 Abb, digital)

Ausgabe: 4. Aufl. 2012

ISBN: 9783642289903

Serie: SpringerLink

Inhalt: Einleitung -- Definition und Ziele der Aufladung -- Die Anfänge der Aufladung -- Der theoretische Motorprozess bei Aufladung -- Laderbauarten und Laderkennfelder -- Druckverhältnis-Volumenstrom-Kennfeld des Motors -- Zusammenwirken von Lader und Motor -- Motorprozess-Simulation -- Besonderheiten der Abgasturboaufladung -- Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung von Drehmoment- und Beschleunigungsverhalten bei Abgasturboaufladung -- Besondere Aufladeverfahren unter Nutzung der Abgasenergie -- Ladeluftkühlung und Ladeluftkühler -- Sonderfragen der Aufladung -- Konstruktionsmerkmale von Aufladeaggregaten -- Anwendungsbeispiele von aufgeladenen Motoren.

Inhalt: Im vorliegenden Buch werden die Grundlagen der Aufladung von Verbrennungsmotoren und das Systemverhalten beim Zusammenwirken von Motor, Aufladesystem und dem vom Motor angetriebenen System beschrieben. Es behandelt die aktuellen Aufladeverfahren für Otto- und Dieselmotoren aller Größenordnungen, vom Pkw-Motor bis hin zum großen Schiffsmotor, selbst auf die Anwendung im Motorrad und in Propellerflugzeugen wird eingegangen. Besonderer Wert wird in dieser Neuauflage auf die Behandlung der thermodynamischen und strömungstechnischen Zusammenhänge bei der Aufladung gelegt, etwa auf die Analyse des Abgasenergietransports vom Zylinder zur Turboladerturbine und des Energieumsatzes in dieser. Ein Kapitel befasst sich mit den aktuellen Methoden der Motorprozesssimulation, einem gerade für aufgeladene Motoren heute unverzichtbaren Entwicklungswerkzeug. Wurde in den vorangegangenen Auflagen die Aufladung vornehmlich als Mittel zur Steigerung von Leistungsdichte und Wirkungsgrad von Motoren gesehen, bezieht diese Neuauflage verstärkt das beträchtliche Potenzial der Aufladung zur Senkung der Abgasschadstoffemission mit ein. Es wird der aktuelle konstruktive Aufbau von Aufladeaggregaten einschließlich der dabei eingesetzten Werkstoffe behandelt, so auch der Wälzlagereinsatz in Turboladern. Das Buch wendet sich in erster Linie an Ingenieurinnen und Ingenieure, die sich mit Forschung, Konstruktion und Entwicklung von aufgeladenen Motoren und den zugehörigen Aufladeaggregaten zu befassen haben, aber ebenso an Studierende des Maschinenbaus und der Fahrzeugtechnik und schließlich an alle, die ihre Kenntnisse auf diesem wichtigen und interessanten Gebiet des Motorenbaus vertiefen wollen.

Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record , Vorwort; Formelzeichen und Abkürzungen; Inhalt; Kapitel 1 Einleitung; Literatur; Kapitel 2 Definition und Ziele der Aufladung; 2.1 Zusammenhang zwischen Motorleistung und Aufladung; 2.2 Überblick über die verschiedenen Aufladeverfahren; 2.2.1 Art der Ladedruckerzeugung; 2.2.1.1 Fremdaufladung; 2.2.1.2 Selbstaufladung; 2.2.2 Laderbauart; 2.2.3 Arbeitsverfahren des Motors; 2.3 Resümee; Kapitel 3 Die Anfänge der Aufladung; 3.1 Ottomotoren; 3.2 Dieselmotoren; 3.3 Flugmotoren; 3.4 Die Anfänge der Abgasturboaufladung; Literatur; Kapitel 4 Der theoretische Motorprozess bei Aufladung; 4.1 Allgemeines , 4.2 Mechanische Aufladung4.3 Abgasturboaufladung; Kapitel 5 Laderbauarten und Laderkennfelder; 5.1 Thermodynamik und Verdichtung; 5.2 Laderbauarten; 5.2.1 Allgemeines; 5.2.2 Lader der Verdrängerbauart; 5.2.3 Lader der Strömungsbauart; Literatur; Kapitel 6 Druckverhältnis-Volumenstrom-Kennfeld des Motors; 6.1 Allgemeines und Äquivalenter Spülquerschnitt; 6.2 Zweitaktmotor; 6.3 Viertaktmotor; Kapitel 7 Zusammenwirken von Lader und Motor; 7.1 Dynamische Aufladung; 7.1.1 Abgestimmtes Saugsystem; 7.1.2 Impulsaufladung; 7.2 Mechanische Aufladung; 7.2.1 Viertaktmotor mit Verdrängerlader , 7.2.2 Viertaktmotor mit Strömungslader7.2.3 Zweitaktmotor; 7.3 Abgasturboaufladung; 7.3.1 Unterschiede im Betriebsverhalten des abgasturboaufgeladenen Motors im Vergleich zum mechanisch aufgeladenen; 7.3.2 Hauptgleichungen der Abgasturboaufladung; 7.3.3 Berechnung des effektiven Turbinenquerschnitts; 7.3.4 Einfluss der pulsierenden Turbinenbeaufschlagung; 7.3.5 Turbinenkennfelder; 7.4 Einfluss der Ladeluftkühlung; Literatur; Kapitel 8 Motorprozess-Simulation; 8.1 Allgemeines; 8.2 Zylinderprozess; 8.3 Zustandsänderungen in den Gaswechselleitungen , 8.3.1 Nulldimensionale und eindimensionale Simulation8.3.2 Dreidimensionale Simulation; 8.4 Dynamischer Motorbetrieb; Literatur; Kapitel 9 Besonderheiten der Abgasturboaufladung; 9.1 Einfluss der Abgasleitung; 9.1.1 Leitungszusammenfassungen bei verschiedenen Zylinderzahlen und Zündabständen; 9.1.2 Technisch nutzbare Abgasenergie bei Stoß- und Stauaufladung; 9.1.3 Abwandlungen der Stoßaufladung; 9.2 Beschleunigungsverhalten; 9.3 Drehmomentverhalten; Literatur; Kapitel 10Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung vonDrehmoment- und Beschleunigungsverhalten beiAbgasturboaufladung , 10.1 Ausgangssituation und Gliederung10.2 Waste-Gate; 10.3 Variable Turbinengeometrie; 10.4 Variable Verdichtergeometrie; 10.5 Registeraufladung; 10.6 Zweistufige Aufladung; 10.6.1 Ungeregelte zweistufige Aufladung; 10.6.2 Geregelte zweistufige Aufladung; 10.7 Elektrisch angetriebener Zusatzverdichter; 10.8 Mechanisch angetriebener Zusatzverdichter; 10.9 Elektrisch unterstützter Abgasturbolader (euATL); 10.10 Umblasen von Ladeluft; 10.11 Zufuhr von fremdverdichteter Luft; 10.11.1 Zufuhr in die Ladeluftleitung; 10.11.2 Jet-Assist; 10.11.3 Zufuhr direkt in den Zylinder , 10.12 Kombinierte Aufladung

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9783642289897

Weitere Ausg.: Buchausg. u.d.T. Pucher, Helmut, 1943 - Aufladung von Verbrennungsmotoren Berlin : Springer Vieweg, 2012 ISBN 9783642289897

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 3642289894

Sprache: Deutsch

Fachgebiete: Technik

Schlagwort(e): Verbrennungsmotor ; Aufladung ; Verbrennungsmotor ; Computersimulation ; Verbrennungsmotor ; Aufladung ; Lehrbuch

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28990-3

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

URL: Inhaltstext

Mehr zum Autor: Zinner, Karl

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (242 pages)

Ausgabe: 1

ISBN: 9783410256083

Serie: Beuth Praxis

Anmerkung: FC -- Innentitel -- Impressum -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Vorwort -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 Erfordernis, Ziele und Ablauf der Bauwerksanalyse -- 2.1 Erfordernis und Ziele der Bauwerksanalyse -- 2.2 Ablauf der Bauwerksanalyse -- 3 Schäden, Mängel und Schwachstellen an Bauwerken -- 3.1 Grundsätzliches -- 3.2 Zu den Begriffen Mangel und Schaden -- 3.3 Mögliche Schadensursachen -- 3.4 Schwachstellen und Schadenspunkte an Bauwerken -- 3.4.1 Typische Schwachstellen nach Bauteilgruppen und Fachgebieten -- 3.4.2 Schadensschwerpunkte -- 3.4.3 Beurteilung von Schwachstellen (Schwachstellenanalyse) -- 4 Vorbereitung der Bauwerksanalyse -- 4.1 Inhalte und Aufbau -- 4.2 Einstiegsphase -- 4.2.1 Festlegung der Verantwortlichkeiten -- 4.2.2 Erste gemeinsame Begehung -- 4.2.3 Anlegen der Bauwerksakte -- 4.3 Vorplanung -- 4.3.1 Nutzungsvorstellungen -- 4.3.2 Rechtliche Vorgaben -- 4.3.3 Klärung der Finanzierung -- 4.3.4 Umfeldanalyse -- 5 Ermittlung des Istzustands eines Bauwerks -- 5.1 Aufgaben und Verantwortlichkeiten -- 5.2 Orientierende Bauwerksbegehung -- 5.2.1 Visuell erfassbarer Bauzustand -- 5.2.2 Umfeld und Lage des Bauwerks im Gelände -- 5.2.3 Erkennbare äußere Einflussfaktoren -- 5.3 Erkundungen zur Vorgeschichte des Bauwerks -- 5.3.1 Direkte Erhebungen -- 5.3.2 Sichtung von Dokumenten -- 5.3.3 Befragung von Personen -- 5.3.4 Einbeziehung weiterer Quellen -- 5.3.5 Zusätzliche Beobachtungen -- 5.4 Die Bauaufnahme: Erfassung und Dokumentation -- 5.4.1 Genauigkeitsstufen -- 5.4.2 Aufmaßverfahren -- 5.4.3 Einfaches und verformungsgerechtes Aufmaß -- 5.4.4 Systeme zur Orientierung und Kartierung -- 5.5 Bestandsbeschreibung -- 5.5.1 Raumbuch -- 5.5.2 Baualterspläne -- 5.6 Beweissicherung -- 5.7 Zustandserfassung und Schadensaufnahme -- 5.7.1 Arten und Erscheinungsbilder von Schäden -- 5.7.2 Schadensklassifizierung an Gebäuden nach Naturkatastrophen , 5.7.3 Visuelle Erfassung vor Ort -- 5.7.4 Zustandserfassung und Schadensaufnahme im Überblick -- 6 Der Bauuntersuchungsplan -- 6.1 Notwendigkeit der Untersuchungsplanung -- 6.2 Vorgehen bei der Untersuchungsplanung -- 6.3 Auswahl der Messtechnik und Prüfverfahren -- 6.4 Beauftragung von Fachkundigen -- 7 Bauwerksuntersuchungen - Aufgaben und Ziele -- 7.1 Untersuchungsmethoden -- 7.2 Baugrund- und hydrogeologische Erkundungen -- 7.3 Untersuchung des konstruktiven Gefüges und des Tragsystems -- 7.4 Bestimmung charakteristischer Baustoffeigenschaften -- 7.5 Erfassung von Schadensmechanismen -- 7.5.1 Feuchtigkeit -- 7.5.2 Salze -- 7.5.3 Mikroorganismen -- 7.5.4 Holzzerstörer -- 7.5.5 Schadstoffe -- 7.6 Monitoring (Langzeituntersuchungen) -- 7.7 Weitere Untersuchungsaufgaben -- 8 Untersuchungen am Bauwerk -- 8.1 Überblick über Methoden und Geräte -- 8.2 Strukturerkundung -- 8.2.1 Sondierungsbohrungen -- 8.2.2 Endoskopie -- 8.2.3 Rissaufnahme -- 8.2.4 Ortung von Bewehrung -- 8.2.5 Messung der Betondeckung -- 8.2.6 Zerstörungsarme Verfahren aus der Geophysik -- 8.3 In-Situ Bestimmung von Baustoffeigenschaften -- 8.3.1 Betondruckfestigkeit -- 8.3.2 Haftzugfestigkeit -- 8.3.3 Kapillare Wasseraufnahme -- 8.3.4 Beurteilung der Carbonatisierung -- 8.3.5 Bestimmung der Durchfeuchtung -- 8.3.6 Nachweis von Salzen -- 8.3.7 Raumklimamessungen -- 8.4 Holztechnische Kontrollen -- 8.4.1 Sichtprüfung zur Erstkontrolle -- 8.4.2 Messung der Holzfeuchte -- 8.4.3 Endoskopische Untersuchung -- 8.4.4 Bohrwiderstandsmessung (Resistografie) -- 8.4.5 Kontrolle bei Befall durch Bauholzpilze -- 8.4.6 Kontrolle bei Befall durch holzzerstörende Insekten -- 8.5 Untersuchung auf Schadstoffbelastungen -- 8.6 Monitoring -- 8.6.1 Naturstein-Monitoring -- 8.6.2 Riss-Monitoring -- 8.6.3 Bauklimatische Überwachung -- 8.6.4 Insekten-Monitoring -- 9 Entnahme von Proben , 9.1 Notwendigkeit und Vorbereitung der Probenahme -- 9.2 Entnahme von Bohrkernen, Bohrmehl, Handstücken -- 9.2.1 Bohrkernentnahme -- 9.2.2 Bohrmehlentnahme -- 9.2.3 Handstückentnahme -- 9.3 Entnahme von Putz- und Mörtelproben -- 9.3.1 Putzproben -- 9.3.2 Mörtelproben -- 9.4 Beprobung von Holzbauteilen -- 9.4.1 Entnahme von Proben holzzerstörender Pilze -- 9.4.2 Entnahme von Proben holzzerstörender Insekten -- 9.4.3 Entnahme von Proben zum Nachweis von Holzschutzmitteln -- 9.4.4 Entnahme von Proben zur Bestimmung der Holzart -- 9.4.5 Entnahme von Proben zur Bestimmung des Holzalters (Dendrochronologie) -- 9.5 Entnahme von Proben aus Hausstaub -- 9.6 Entnahme von Proben aus der Raumluft -- 9.6.1 Aktive Probenahme -- 9.6.2 Passive Probenahme -- 9.7 Entnahme von Schimmelpilzproben -- 9.7.1 Probenahme zum Nachweis von Stoffwechselprodukten bzw. von Luftkeimen -- 9.7.2 Staubproben -- 9.7.3 Probenahme bei Luftkeimmessungen -- 9.7.4 Luftpartikelsammlung -- 9.7.5 Probenahme bei Messung der Raumluft zum Nachweis mikrobieller flüchtiger organischer Stoffwechselprodukte (MVOC) von Mikroorganismen -- 10 Untersuchungen im Labor -- 10.1 Überblick über Verfahren und Geräte -- 10.2 Physikalische und chemische Verfahren -- 10.3 Optische Verfahren -- 10.4 Thermische Verfahren -- 10.5 Bestimmung von Festigkeits- und Verformungs­kennwerten -- 10.6 Feuchtetechnische Untersuchungen -- 10.7 Chemisch-mineralogische Baustoffanalyse -- 10.7.1 Bestimmung der Korngrößenverteilung durch Siebung -- 10.7.2 Prüfung des Calciumcarbonatgehalts mit dem Scheibler-Gerät -- 10.7.3 Infrarotspektroskopie zur Ermittlung von Materialstrukturen -- 10.7.4 Atomabsorptionsspektroskopie zur Kationenbestimmung und Baustoffidentifikation -- 10.7.5 Differenzialthermoanalyse -- 10.7.6 Rasterelektronenmikroskopie -- 10.8 Quantitative Salzanalysen -- 10.9 Mikrobiologische Untersuchungen , 10.10 Untersuchung auf Schadstoffbelastungen -- 10.11 Holztechnische Laboruntersuchungen -- 10.11.1 Artenbestimmung von holzzerstörenden Pilzen -- 10.11.2 Artenbestimmung von holzzerstörenden Insekten -- 10.11.3 Altersbestimmung von Hölzern (Dendrochronologie) -- 11 Auswertung, Beurteilung und Dokumentation der Untersuchungsergebnisse -- 11.1 Auswertung und Beurteilung -- 11.1.1 Erster Weg: Vergleich mit Sollwerten -- 11.1.2 Zweiter Weg: Computergestützte Berechnung von Kenndaten -- 11.1.3 Iterativer Lösungsweg -- 11.1.4 Praxisbezogenes Beispiel -- 11.2 Dokumentation des Istzustandes -- 11.3 Gegenüberstellung von Soll- und Istzustand -- 11.4 Daten- und Schadensfallsammlungen -- 11.4.1 Datenbanken -- 11.4.2 Datensammlungen -- 12 Praktische Arbeitshilfen -- 12.1 Vorbemerkungen -- 12.2 Musterdokumente -- 12.2.1 Formblatt Raumbuch -- 12.2.2 Formblatt Fotodokumentation -- 12.2.3 Checkliste Einstiegsphase - Vorplanung -- 12.2.4 Checkliste Gebäudebewertung und Schwachstellenanalyse -- 12.2.5 Checkliste Probenahmeprotokoll -- 12.2.6 Checkliste Laborbericht -- 12.2.7 Checkliste Istzustandsdokumentation -- 13 Abkürzungsverzeichnis -- 14 Literaturnachweis -- 14.1 Bücher und Zeitschriftenartikel -- 14.2 Zitierte Normen, Richtlinien und Merkblätter -- 14.3 Datenbanken -- 14.3.1 Zusätzliche Literatur -- Stichwortverzeichnis -- BC

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Horn, Kornelia Bauen im Bestand Berlin : Beuth Verlag,c2020 ISBN 9783410256076

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books.

URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/th-brandenburg/detail.action?docID=6020992

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (ix, 252 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

ISBN: 1-108-58730-5 , 1-108-67664-2

Inhalt: The role of robots in society keeps expanding and diversifying, bringing with it a host of issues surrounding the relationship between robots and humans. This introduction to human-robot interaction (HRI), written by leading researchers in this developing field, is the first to provide a broad overview of the multidisciplinary topics central to modern HRI research. Students and researchers from robotics, artificial intelligence, psychology, sociology, and design will find it a concise and accessible guide to the current state of the field. Written for students from diverse backgrounds, it presents relevant background concepts, describing how robots work, how to design them, and how to evaluate their performance. Self-contained chapters discuss a wide range of topics, including the different communication modalities such as speech and language, non-verbal communication and the processing of emotions, as well as ethical issues around the application of robots today and in the context of our future society.

Anmerkung: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 28 Feb 2020). , Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 About this book -- 1.2 Christoph Bartneck -- 1.3 Tony Belpaeme -- 1.4 Friederike Eyssel -- 1.5 Takayuki Kanda -- 1.6 Merel Keijsers -- 1.7 Selma Šabanović -- 2 What Is Human-Robot Interaction? -- 2.1 The focus of this book -- 2.2 HRI as an interdisciplinary endeavor -- 2.3 The evolution of HRI -- 3 How a Robot Works -- 3.1 The making of a robot -- 3.2 Robot hardware -- 3.3 Sensors -- 3.3.1 Vision -- 3.3.2 Audio -- 3.3.3 Tactile sensors -- 3.3.4 Other sensors -- 3.4 Actuators -- 3.4.1 Motors -- 3.4.2 Pneumatic actuators -- 3.4.3 Speakers -- 3.5 Software -- 3.5.1 Software architecture -- 3.5.2 Software-implementation platform -- 3.5.3 Machine learning -- 3.5.4 Computer vision -- 3.6 Limitations of robotics for HRI -- 3.7 Conclusion -- 4 Design -- 4.1 Design in HRI -- 4.1.1 Robot morphology and form -- 4.1.2 Affordances -- 4.1.3 Design patterns -- 4.1.4 Design principles in HRI -- 4.2 Anthropomorphization in HRI Design -- 4.2.1 Anthropomorphization and robots -- 4.2.2 Theorizing anthropomorphism -- 4.2.3 Designing anthropomorphism -- 4.2.4 Measuring anthropomorphization -- 4.3 Design methods -- 4.3.1 Engineering design process -- 4.3.2 User-centered design process -- 4.3.3 Participatory design -- 4.4 Prototyping tools -- 4.5 Culture in HRI design -- 4.6 From machines to people, and the in between -- 4.7 Conclusion -- 5 Spatial Interaction -- 5.1 Use of space in human interaction -- 5.1.1 Proxemics -- 5.1.2 Group spatial interaction dynamics -- 5.2 Spatial interaction for robots -- 5.2.1 Localization and navigation -- 5.2.2 Socially appropriate positioning -- 5.2.3 Spatial dynamics of initiating HRI -- 5.2.4 Informing users of the robot's intent -- 5.3 Conclusion -- 6 Nonverbal Interaction -- 6.1 Functions of nonverbal cues in interaction. , 6.2 Types of nonverbal interaction -- 6.2.1 Gaze and eye movement -- 6.2.2 Gesture -- 6.2.3 Mimicry and Imitation -- 6.2.4 Touch -- 6.2.5 Posture and movement -- 6.2.6 Interaction rhythm and timing -- 6.3 Nonverbal interaction in robots -- 6.3.1 Robot perception of nonverbal cues -- 6.3.2 Generating nonverbal cues in robots -- 6.4 Conclusion -- 7 Verbal Interaction -- 7.1 Human-human verbal interaction -- 7.1.1 Components of speech -- 7.1.2 Written text versus spoken language -- 7.2 Speech recognition -- 7.2.1 Basic principles of speech recognition -- 7.2.2 Limitations -- 7.2.3 Practice in HRI -- 7.2.4 Voice-activity detection -- 7.2.5 Language understanding in HRI -- 7.3 Dialogue management -- 7.3.1 Basic principle -- 7.3.2 Practice in HRI -- 7.4 Speech production -- 7.4.1 Practice in HRI -- 7.5 Conclusion -- 8 Emotion -- 8.1 What are emotions, mood, and affect? -- 8.1.1 Emotion and interaction -- 8.2 Understanding human emotions -- 8.3 When emotions go wrong -- 8.4 Emotions for robots -- 8.4.1 Emotion interaction strategies -- 8.4.2 Artificial perception of emotions -- 8.4.3 Expressing emotions with robots -- 8.4.4 Emotion models -- 8.5 Challenges in affective HRI -- 9 Research Methods -- 9.1 Defining a research question and approach -- 9.1.1 Is your research exploratory or confirmatory? -- 9.1.2 Are you establishing correlation or causation? -- 9.2 Choosing among qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods -- 9.2.1 User studies -- 9.2.2 System studies -- 9.2.3 Observational studies -- 9.2.4 Ethnographic studies -- 9.2.5 Conversational analysis -- 9.2.6 Crowdsourced studies -- 9.2.7 Single-Subject Studies -- 9.3 Selecting research participants and study designs -- 9.3.1 Study design -- 9.4 Defining the context of interaction -- 9.4.1 Location of study -- 9.4.2 Temporal context of HRI -- 9.4.3 Social units of interaction in HRI. , 9.5 Choosing a robot for your study -- 9.6 Setting up the mode of interaction -- 9.6.1 Wizard of Oz -- 9.6.2 Real versus simulated interaction -- 9.7 Selecting appropriate HRI measures -- 9.8 Research standards -- 9.8.1 Changing standards of statistical analysis -- 9.8.2 Power -- 9.8.3 Generalizability and replication -- 9.8.4 Ethical considerations in HRI studies -- 9.9 Conclusion -- 10 Applications -- 10.1 Service robots -- 10.1.1 Tour guide robots -- 10.1.2 Receptionist robots -- 10.1.3 Robots for sales promotion -- 10.2 Robots for learning -- 10.3 Robots for entertainment -- 10.3.1 Pet and toy robots -- 10.3.2 Robots for exhibitions -- 10.3.3 Robots in the performing arts -- 10.3.4 Sex robots -- 10.4 Robots in healthcare and therapy -- 10.4.1 Robots for senior citizens -- 10.4.2 Robots for people with autism spectrum disorder -- 10.4.3 Robots for rehabilitation -- 10.5 Robots as personal assistants -- 10.6 Service robots -- 10.7 Collaborative robots -- 10.8 Self-driving cars -- 10.9 Remotely operated robots -- 10.10 Future applications -- 10.11 Problems for robot application -- 10.11.1 Addressing user expectations -- 10.11.2 Addiction -- 10.11.3 Attention theft -- 10.11.4 Loss of interest by user -- 10.11.5 Robot abuse -- 10.12 Conclusion -- 11 Robots in Society -- 11.1 Robots in popular media -- 11.1.1 Robots want to be humans -- 11.1.2 Robots as a threat to humanity -- 11.1.3 Superior robots being good -- 11.1.4 Similarity between humans and robots -- 11.1.5 Narratives of robotic science -- 11.2 Ethics in HRI -- 11.2.1 Robots in research -- 11.2.2 Robots to fulfill emotional needs -- 11.2.3 Robots in the workplace -- 11.3 Conclusion -- 12 The Future -- 12.1 The nature of human-robot relationships -- 12.2 The technology of HRI -- 12.3 Crystal ball problems -- References -- Index -- Notes.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 1-108-73540-1

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (xi, 505 pages)

ISBN: 9781315370309 , 1315370301 , 9781498728010 , 1498728014 , 9781498728034 , 1498728030 , 9781498728027 , 1498728022

Inhalt: Introduction to Mathematical Modeling helps students master the processes used by scientists and engineers to model real-world problems, including the challenges posed by space exploration, climate change, energy sustainability, chaotic dynamical systems and random processes.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyrights -- Contents -- Chapter 1. The Process Of Mathematical Modeling -- 1.1 What Os Model Building? -- 1.2 Modeling Framework -- 1.3 Gens And Biological Reproduction -- Chapter 2. Modeling With Ordinary Differential Equations -- 2.1 The Motion Of A Projectile -- 2.1.1 Approximations And Simplifications -- 2.1.2 Model -- 2.1.3 Model Compounding -- 2.2 Spring Mass Systems -- 2.2.1 Data Collection -- 2.2.2 Approximations And Simplifications -- 2.2.3 Mathematical Model -- 2.2.4 Remarks And Refinements -- 2.3 Electrical Circuits -- 2.3.1 Rlc Circuits -- 2.3.2 Approximations -- 2.4 Population Models -- 2.4.1 Logistic Model -- 2.4.2 Prototype Model -- 2.4.3 Data And Approximations -- 2.4.4 Solution Of The Logistic Equation -- 2.5 Motion In A Central Force Field -- 2.5.1 Radial Coordinate System In R2 -- 2.5.2 Linear Pendulum -- 2.5.3 Nonlinear Pendulum -- 2.5.4 A Short Introduction To Elliptic Functions -- 2.5.5 Motion Of A Projectile On A Rotating Earth -- 2.5.6 A Particle In A Central Force Field -- 2.5.7 Motion Of A Rocket -- 2.5.8 Multistage Rockets -- 2.5.9 Control Of A Satellite In Orbit -- 2.6 Greenhouse Effect -- 2.7 Current Energy Balance Of The Earth -- 2.7.1 Critique Of The Model -- 2.7.2 Humanity And Energy -- Chapter 3. Solutions Of Systems Of Odes -- 3.1 Review -- 3.1.1 Linear Differential Equations With Constant Coefficients -- 3.2 Review Of Linear Algebra -- 3.2.1 Eigenvalues And Eigenvectors -- 3.3 Reformulation Of Systems Odes -- 3.4 Linear Systems With Constant Coefficients -- 3.5 Numerical Solution Of Initial Value Problems -- 3.5.1 Euler Algorithm -- 3.6 Finite Difference Approximations -- 3.6.1 Extension To Higher Dimensions. , 3.7 Modified Euler And Runge Kutta Methods -- 3.7.1 Modified Euler Algorithm -- 3.7.2 Runge-kutta Methods -- 3.8 Boundary Value Problems -- Chapter 4. Stability Theory -- 4.1 General Introduction -- 4.2 Two Species Model -- 4.2.1 Steady States -- 4.2.2 Stability Analysis -- 4.3 Basic Concepts -- 4.4 Linearizable Dynamical Systems -- 4.5 Linearizable Systems In Two Dimensions -- 4.6 Liapounov Method -- 4.7 Periodic Solutions (limit Cycles -- Chapter 5. Bifurcations And Chaos -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Bifurcations Of Co Dimension One -- 5.2.1 Trans-critical Bifurcation -- 5.2.2 Saddle Point Bifurcation -- 5.2.3 Pitchfork Bifurcation -- 5.2.4 Subcritical Bifurcation (hysteresis -- 5.2.5 Hopf Bifurcation -- 5.3 Rossler Oscillator -- 5.4 Lorenz Equations -- 5.5 Nerve Models -- 5.6 Miscellaneous Topics -- 5.6.1 Dimension -- 5.6.2 Liapunov Exponents -- 5.7 Appendix A: Derivation Of Lorenz Equations -- Chapter 6. Perturbations -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Model Equations In Non Dimensional Form -- 6.3 Regular Perturbations -- 6.4 Singular Perturbations -- 6.5 Boundary Layers -- Chapter 7. Modeling With Partial Differential Equations -- 7.1 The Heat (or Diffusion) Equation -- 7.1.1 Burger's Equation -- 7.1.2 Similarity Solutions -- 7.1.3 Stephan Problem(s -- 7.2 Modeling Wave Phenomena -- 7.2.1 Nonlinear Wave Equations -- 7.2.2 Riemann Invariants -- 7.3 Shallow Water Waves -- 7.3.1 Tsunamis -- 7.4 Uniform Transmission Line -- 7.5 The Potential (or Laplace) Equation -- 7.5.1 Kirchoff Transformation -- 7.6 The Continuity Equation -- 7.7 Electromagnetism -- 7.7.1 Maxwell Equations -- 7.7.2 Electrostatic Fields -- 7.7.3 Multipole Expansion -- 7.7.4 Magnetostatic -- 7.7.5 Electromagnetic Waves. , 7.7.6 Electromagnetic Energy And Momentum -- 7.7.7 Electromagnetic Potential -- Chapter 8. Solutions Of Partial Differential Equations -- 8.1 Method Of Separation Of Variables -- 8.1.1 Method Of Separation Of Variables By Example -- 8.1.2 Non Cartesian Coordinate Systems -- 8.1.3 Boundary Value Problems With General Initial Conditions -- 8.1.4 Boundary Value Problems With Inhomogeneous Equations -- 8.2 Green's Functions -- 8.3 Laplace Transform -- 8.3.1 Basic Properties Of The Laplace Transform -- 8.3.2 Applications To The Heat Equation -- 8.4 Numerical Solutions Of Pdes -- 8.4.1 Finite Difference Schemes -- 8.4.2 Numerical Solutions For The Poisson Equation -- 8.4.2.1 Other Boundary Conditions -- 8.4.3 Irregular Regions -- 8.4.4 Numerical Solutions For The Heat And Wave Equations -- Chapter 9. Variational Principles -- 9.1 Extrema Of Functions -- 9.2 Constraints And Lagrange Multipliers -- 9.3 Calculus Of Variations -- 9.3.1 Natural Boundary Conditions -- 9.3.2 Variational Notation -- 9.4 Extensions -- 9.5 Applications -- 9.6 Variation With Constraints -- 9.7 Airplane Control -- Minimum Flight Time -- 9.8 Applications In Elasticity -- 9.9 Rayleigh Ritz Method -- 9.10 The Finite Element Method In 2-d -- 9.10.1 Geometrical Triangulations -- 9.10.2 Linear Interpolation In 2-d -- 9.10.3 Galerkin Formulation Of Fem -- 9.11 Appendix -- Chapter 10. Modeling Fluid Flow -- 10.1 Strain And Stress -- 10.2 Equations Of Motion For Ideal Fluid -- 10.2.1 Continuity Equation -- 10.2.2 Euler's Equations -- 10.3 Navier Stokes Equations -- 10.4 Similarity And Reynolds' Number -- 10.5 Different Formulations Of Navier Stokes Equations -- 10.6 Convection And Boussinesq Approximation. , 10.7 Complex Variables In 2-d Hydrodynamics -- 10.8 Blasius Boundary Layer Equation -- 10.9 Introduction To Turbulence Modeling -- 10.9.1 Incompressible Turbulent Flow -- 10.9.2 Modeling Eddy Viscosity -- 10.9.3 K -- O Model -- 10.9.4 The Turbulent Energy Spectrum -- 10.10 Stability Of Fluid Flow -- 10.11 Astrophysical Applications -- 10.11.1 Derivation Of The Model Equations -- 10.11.2 Steady State Model Equations -- 10.11.3 Physical Meaning Of The Functions H(.), S -- 10.11.4 Radial Solutions For The Steady State Model -- 10.12 Appendix A Gauss Theorem And Its Variants -- 10.13 Appendix B Poincare Inequality And Burger's Equation -- 10.14 Appendix C Gronwell Inequality -- 10.15 Appendix D The Spectrum -- Chapter 11. Modeling Geophysical Phenomena -- 11.1 Atmospheric Structure -- 11.2 Thermodynamics And Compressibility -- 11.2.1 Thermodynamic Modeling -- 11.2.2 Compressibility -- 11.3 General Circulation -- 11.4 Climate -- Chapter 12. Stochastic Modeling -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Pure Birth Process -- 12.3 Kermack And Mckendrick Model -- 12.4 Queuing Models -- 12.5 Markov Chains -- Chapter 13. Answers To Problems.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Humi, Mayer. Introduction to mathematical modeling. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2017] ISBN 9781498728003

Sprache: Englisch

URL: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315370309

URL: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315370309

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (237 pages)

Ausgabe: 5

ISBN: 9783662556603

Inhalt: Mit Beiträgen zahlreicher Fachwissenschaftler.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Vorwort zur 5. Auflage -- Vorwort zur 1. Auflage -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Mitarbeiterverzeichnis -- Einleitung -- Indikationen zur Urinzytologie -- 1.1 Einleitung -- 1.2 Ursachen des weiten Indikations­spektrums der Urinzytologie -- 1.2.1 Urinzytologie als flächendeckende Urotheldiagnostik -- 1.2.2 Hohe Treffsicherheit der konven­tionellen Urinzytologie (High grade) -- 1.2.3 Therapiekontrolle nach operativer Therapie -- 1.2.4 Urinzytologie und Hämaturie -- 1.2.5 Urinzytologie und Medikamenten­abusus -- 1.2.6 Urinzytologie und Karzinogen­exposition -- 1.2.7 Sonstige Indikationen zur ­Urinzytologie -- Literatur -- Das nichtneoplastische Übergangs­epithel der ableitenden Harnwege -- 2.1 Das Urothel -- 2.2 Hellzellige Varianten des Urothels und gutartige urotheliale Proliferationen -- 2.2.1 Von Brunn-Zellnester, Cystitis cystica und Cystitis glandularis -- 2.2.2 Die Plattenepithelmetaplasie -- 2.2.3 Zylinderepithel- und intestinale ­Metaplasie -- 2.2.4 Das nephrogene Adenom -- 2.2.5 Das invertierte Papillom -- 2.3 Die einfache Hyperplasie des Urothels -- 2.4 Die chronisch, mechanische Belastung des Urothels -- 2.5 Die akute, unspezifische Entzündung -- 2.6 Die chronische Entzündung -- 2.7 Die interstitielle chronische Urozystitis (Hunner) -- 2.8 Die Urocystitis tuberculosa -- 2.9 Die Bilharzia-Urozystitis -- 2.10 Die Strahlenzystitis -- Literatur -- Epidemiologie, Ätiologie und Klassi­fikation des Harnblasenkarzinoms -- 3.1 Einleitung -- 3.2 Ätiologie und Risikofaktoren -- Literatur -- Morphologische und molekulare ­Charakteristika flacher ­Urothelveränderungen -- 4.1 Einleitung -- 4.2 Problematik der Nomenklatur -- 4.3 Klassifikation und Diagnose -- 4.4 Häufigkeit -- 4.5 Klinisch-biologische Bedeutung -- Literatur -- Zytomorphologie, Grading und Klassifikation -- 5.1 Allgemeines zur klinischen Zytologie , 5.2 Zytologische Besonderheiten ­ des normalen Urothels -- 5.3 Zytologische Malignitätskriterien -- 5.3.1 Veränderungen des Zytoplasmas -- 5.3.2 Veränderungen des Zellkerns -- 5.3.3 Verteilung der Zellen -- 5.4 Urinzytologisches Grading -- 5.4.1 Praxis des urinzytologischen Gradings -- 5.4.2 Zum Standardisierungsproblem ­ der Malignitätsbeurteilung -- 5.5 Klassifikaton der Urinzytologie nach dem Paris-System -- Literatur -- Urinzytologische Arbeitstechniken -- 6.1 Allgemeines zum zytologischen ­Arbeitsablauf -- 6.1.1 Materialgewinnung -- 6.1.2 Materialverarbeitung -- 6.1.3 Zellanreicherung -- 6.1.4 Nativmikroskopie und Färbemethoden -- 6.2 Arbeitsmaterialien -- 6.3 Materialgewinnung -- 6.3.1 Zeitpunkt und Technik ­ der Uringewinnung -- 6.3.2 Spezielle Techniken -- 6.4 Materialfixierung und Konservierung -- 6.4.1 Konservierung und Fixierung ­ der Zellen des Urins -- 6.4.2 Zellfixierung auf Objektträgern -- 6.5 Zellanreicherungsmethoden -- 6.5.1 Direktzentrifugation -- 6.5.2 Zytozentrifugation -- 6.5.3 Membranfiltertechniken -- 6.5.4 Kapillarfilter-Saug-Technik -- 6.6 Phasenkontrastmikroskopie -- 6.7 Verschiedene Färbeverfahren -- 6.7.1 Schnellfärbungen -- 6.7.2 Differenzierte Färbungen -- 6.7.3 Objektträgereindeckung nach Färbung und Archivierung -- 6.8 Repetitorium urinzytologischer ­Arbeitsabläufe -- 6.8.1 Fehlerquellen -- 6.8.2 Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen -- 6.8.3 Der Urinzytologische Befund ­ und das Befundformular -- 6.9 Referenzliste einiger Bezugsadressen (Stand 2017) -- Literatur -- Urinzytologischer Atlas -- 7.1 Allgemeine Vorbemerkungen -- 7.1.1 Welche mikroskopische Vergrößerung sollte gewählt werden? -- 7.1.2 Abbildungsvergrößerung ­ des Atlasteiles -- 7.1.3 Auswahl der Färbungen -- 7.1.4 Zusammenstellung ­ der Bildbeispiele -- 7.2 Verschiedene Färbungen im Vergleich , 7.2.1 Färbeunterschiede bei Lufttrocknung und ohne Lufttrocknung ­ (. Tab. 7.1 und 7.2) -- 7.3 Das normale Urothel -- 7.4 Wichtige zytologische Differenzial­diagnosen und Fehlermöglichkeiten -- 7.5 Urotheltumoren -- 7.5.1 Hochdifferenzierte Urotheltumoren (GI/Low grade) -- 7.5.2 Mittelgradig differenzierte Urotheltumoren (GII/High grade) (. Abb. 7.40, . Abb. 7.41, . Abb. 7.42, . Abb. 7.43, . Abb. 7.44) -- 7.5.3 Entdifferenzierte Urotheltumoren (GIII/High grade/ Ca in situ) ­ (. Abb. 7.49, . Abb. 7.50, . Abb. 7.51, . Abb. 7.52, . Abb. 7.53, . Abb. 7.54) -- 7.6 Spülzytologie des oberen Harntraktes -- 7.7 Urinzytologische Therapiekontrolle urothelialer Tumoren -- 7.7.1 Urinzytologie nach TUR-B und ­Laservaporisation -- 7.7.2 Urethralavage nach Zystektomie -- 7.7.3 Urinzytologie bei infravesikaler ­Chemo-Immuntherapie -- 7.7.4 Urinzytologie nach Radiatio ­und systemischer Chemotherapie -- 7.7.5 Urinzytologie bei Ileum-Conduit und Darmersatzblase -- 7.8 Seltene urinzytologische Befunde -- 7.8.1 Vesikoenterale Fisteln -- 7.8.2 Parasiten -- 7.8.3 Virusinfektionen des Harntraktes -- 7.8.4 Nierenzystenpunktion -- 7.8.5 Antivirale Therapie bei HIV-Infektion -- 7.8.6 Extravesikale Infiltrationen -- 7.8.7 Neuroendokrines Karzinom ­ (. Abb. 7.103) -- 7.8.8 Plattenepithelkarzinom -- Literatur -- Urinmarker beim Blasenkarzinom -- 8.1 Wozu Urinmarker? -- 8.2 Bewertung von Urinmarkerstudien -- 8.3 Urinmarkersysteme -- 8.3.1 Zellbasierte Verfahren -- 8.3.2 Lösliche Urinmarker -- 8.3.3 Nachweis genetischer Veränderungen -- 8.4 Bewertung der verschiedenen ­Urinmarkerverfahren -- 8.4.1 Metaanalysen -- 8.4.2 Antizipatorisch positive Befunde -- 8.4.3 Screening von Risikogruppen -- 8.4.4 Urinmarker in der Nachsorge -- 8.4.5 Kombination verschiedener Marker -- 8.4.6 Fazit und Ausblick -- Literatur -- Hämaturiediagnostik und Erythrozytenmorphologie -- 9.1 Einleitung , 9.2 Mikro- und Makrohämaturie -- 9.2.1 Definitionen -- 9.2.2 Allgemeine Diagnostik bei einer ­Hämaturie -- 9.2.3 Nachweisverfahren ­ der Mikrohämaturie -- 9.2.4 Klinisch bedeutsame Fragen zur ­Mikrohämaturie -- 9.2.5 Empfehlungen der Fachgesellschaften zum weiteren diagnostischen ­Vorgehen bei einer asymptomatischen Mikrohämaturie -- 9.3 Glomerulär-dysmorphe Erythrozyten -- 9.3.1 Morphologie -- 9.3.2 Sensitivität und Spezifität -- 9.3.3 Quantitative Grenzwerte -- 9.3.4 Ursachen der Erythrozytendysmorphie -- 9.4 Mikroskopische Darstellung ­glomerulärer Erythrozyten -- 9.4.1 Untersuchungszeitpunkt -- 9.4.2 Phasenkontrast- und Interferenz­mikroskopie -- 9.4.3 Schnellfärbeverfahren -- 9.4.4 Alkoholische Färbungen ­(Papanicolaou) -- 9.4.5 Automatisierte Erythrozytenmessung (Autoanalyzer-Technik) -- 9.4.6 Zusammenfassung -- 9.5 Glomeruläre Erythrozyturie: ­ Praktische Konsequenzen -- 9.6 Schlussfolgerung -- Literatur -- Sedimentanalyse -- 10.1 Einleitung -- 10.2 Mikroskopieren mit Hellfeld- ­ und Phasenkontrasttechnik -- 10.3 Zentrifuge -- 10.4 Nativpräparat-Herstellung -- 10.5 Mikroskopeinstellungen, ­Auswertung und Befundung -- 10.6 Urinsedimentbestandteile -- 10.6.1 Allgemeines -- 10.7 Erythrozyten - isomorphe (­eumorphe) und dysmorphe Formen -- 10.7.1 Isomorphe Erythrozyten - bikonkav/Diskusform -- 10.7.2 Isomorphe Erythrozyten - ­monokonkav -- 10.7.3 Isomorphe Erythrozyten - Blut- oder Erythrozytenschatten -- 10.7.4 Isomorphe Erythrozyten - Stechapfelform -- 10.7.5 Dysmorphe Erythrozyten -- 10.7.6 Dysmorphe Erythrozyten - Sonderform Akanthozyt -- 10.8 Leukozyten -- 10.9 Histiozyten (Makrophagen) -- 10.10 Epithelien -- 10.10.1 Plattenepithelien -- 10.10.2 Urothelzellen -- 10.10.3 Alte Epithelien -- 10.10.4 Nierenepithelien = Tubulusepithelzellen -- 10.10.5 Fettkörnchenzellen (oval fat bodies) -- 10.10.6 Decoy-Zellen -- 10.11 Zylinder , 10.11.1 Unechte Zylinder = Schleimfäden -- 10.11.2 Hyaline und granulierte Zylinder -- 10.11.3 Wachszylinder -- 10.11.4 Erythrozytenzylinder -- 10.11.5 Hämoglobinzylinder -- 10.11.6 Leukozytenzylinder -- 10.11.7 Nierenepithelzylinder -- 10.11.8 Fettkörnchenzellzylinder -- 10.11.9 Fett- oder Lipidzylinder -- 10.12 Spermien -- 10.13 Bakterien -- 10.14 Trichomonaden -- 10.15 Hefezellen und Pilzfäden -- 10.16 Enterobius vermicularis Eier -- 10.17 Schistosoma haematobium Eier -- 10.18 Kristalle -- 10.18.1 Harnsäurekristalle -- 10.18.2 Urate -- 10.18.3 Calciumoxalate -- 10.18.4 Amorphe Erdalkaliphosphate -- 10.18.5 Tripelphosphate (= Ammonium­magnesiumphosphate) -- 10.18.6 Ammoniumurate -- 10.18.7 Leucin -- 10.18.8 Zystin -- 10.18.9 Calciumphosphate -- 10.18.10 Cholesterin -- 10.18.11 Medikamenten-Kristalle -- 10.19 Artefakte -- 10.19.1 Glassplitter -- 10.19.2 Fäkalien -- 10.19.3 Staub, Fasern, Haare -- 10.19.4 Luftblasen, Fetttröpfchen -- 10.19.5 Pollen -- Literatur -- Serviceteil -- Sachverzeichnis

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Rathert, Peter Urinzytologie und Sedimentanalyse Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,c2018 ISBN 9783662556597

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books.

URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/th-brandenburg/detail.action?docID=5287470