Format:
xiii, 464 Seiten
Edition:
Second Edition
ISBN:
9783319486857
Content:
Contents -- Contributors -- 1: Changing Demographics of the American Population -- Introduction -- The Aging Population -- The Cost of Caring for the Elderly -- Effects of Aging on Organ Function -- Trauma in the Elderly -- Early Inpatient Rehabilitation -- End-of-Life Issues -- References -- 2: Effect of Aging on Cardiac Function Plus Monitoring and Support -- Introduction -- Effect of Aging on the Right Ventricle -- Effect of Aging on the Left Ventricle -- Effect of Aging on Vascular Structures -- Effect of Aging on Cardiac Output -- Effect of Aging on the Beta-Adrenergic Response -- Effect of Aging on the Baroreflex Response -- Effect of Surgery on the Geriatric Cardiovascular System -- Effect of Comorbidities on Cardiovascular Function: Atrial Fibrillation -- Effect of Comorbidities on Cardiovascular Function: Ischemic Heart Disease -- Effect of Comorbidities on Cardiovascular Function: Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction -- Monitoring the Aging Cardiovascular System -- Support of the Aging Cardiovascular System -- Summary -- References -- 3: Pulmonary Anatomy -- Introduction -- Anatomy -- Lung Anatomy -- Chest Wall -- Diaphragm -- Pulmonary Physiology -- Effects of Aging -- Pulmonary Function Testing -- Chest Wall -- Rib Fracture -- Airway Diseases -- COPD -- Alveoli -- Bronchioles -- Asthma -- Restrictive Lung Disease -- Pulmonary Embolism -- Infections -- Aspiration Pneumonitis -- Cancer -- Sleep Disorders -- Summary -- References -- 4: Renal Function in the Elderly -- Introduction -- Renal Biomass and Aging -- Evaluation of Renal Function -- Urinalysis -- BUN, Scr, and BUN/Scr Ratio -- Urine Electrolytes -- Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) or Urea Nitrogen (FEUN) -- 24-Hour Creatinine Clearance (CrCl24) -- eGFR -- Urinary Biomarkers -- Limitations in Renal Function Assessment
Content:
Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury and Acute Renal Failure -- Etiology of Acute Kidney Injury and Acute Renal Failure -- Molecular Underpinnings of AKI -- Strong Ions, Acute Kidney Injury, and Acute Renal Failure -- References -- 5: The Gastrointestinal Tract -- Introduction -- Age-Related Changes in Gastrointestinal Physiology -- Gastrointestinal Motility -- Enteric Nervous System -- Gut Mucosa -- Enteral Absorption -- Mucosal Immunity -- Gastrointestinal Injury -- Gastrointestinal Ileus -- Ogilvie Syndrome -- Summary -- References -- 6: Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Healing in the Elderly -- Introduction -- Skin Changes with Aging -- Diseases of the Elderly Affecting Wound Healing -- Malnutrition -- Diabetes Mellitus -- Therapies That Alter Wound Healing -- Neurologic Diseases -- Problem Wounds of the Elderly -- Pressure Ulcers -- Arterial Insufficiency Ulcers -- Venous Stasis Disease -- Principles of Wound Healing of Chronic Wounds -- Burns in the Elderly Population -- Prevention -- Outcomes for Wounds in the Elderly -- Summary -- References -- 7: Immunologic -- Introduction -- Aging of the Innate Immune System -- Neutrophils -- Macrophages -- Natural Killer Cells -- Dendritic Cells -- Aging of the Adaptive Immune System -- T Lymphocytes -- B Lymphocytes -- Inflammaging: Age-Related Subclinical Chronic Inflammation -- Risk Factors for Infection -- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) -- Diabetes Mellitus -- Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease -- Traumatic Injury -- Challenges in Diagnosing Infection in the Elderly -- Microbiology of Infection in the Elderly -- Common Infections -- Urinary Tract Infection -- Respiratory Infections -- Prevention and Potential Therapies -- Summary -- References -- 8: Hematological Changes with Aging -- Introduction -- Anemia -- Bone Marrow Changes -- Response to Hemorrhage
Content:
Hypercoagulability Associated with Aging -- Medication of an Aged Population That Affects the Hematologic System -- References -- 9: Geriatric Psychology and the Injured Elderly -- Introduction -- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia -- Types of Dementia -- Alzheimer's Disease -- Vascular Dementia -- Lewy Body Dementia -- Frontal Lobe Dementias -- Cognitive Screening Tests -- Overview of Treatments -- Delirium -- Definition and Epidemiology -- Causes and Risk Factors -- Diagnosis and Screening -- Prevention and Treatment -- Depression -- Epidemiology -- Assessment and Screening -- Treatment -- Substance Abuse -- Epidemiology -- Diagnosis and Screening -- Treatment -- Post-traumatic Stress Disorder -- Summary/Differentiating Features/Impact on Care -- References -- 10: Frailty -- Introduction -- Definition -- Diagnosing and Measuring Frailty -- Using Debility in Management -- Outpatient Care -- Preoperative Optimization -- Future Research -- References -- 11: Health-Care Economics and the Impact of Aging on Rising Health-Care Costs -- Trends in US Health-Care Spending -- Key Drivers of Health-Care Spending -- References -- 12: Operative Risk Stratification of the Geriatric Patient -- Introduction -- Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment -- Cardiac Evaluation -- Pulmonary Evaluation -- Mental Status and Cognitive Assessment -- Dementia -- Delirium -- Depression -- Substance Abuse -- Nutritional Evaluation -- Functional Assessment -- Frailty -- Laboratory Testing -- Medications and Supplements -- Cardiac Medications -- Patient Preferences, Decision-Making, and Advanced Directives -- Decision-Making Capacity -- Advanced Directives and Code Status -- Summary -- References -- 13: Appendicitis -- Introduction -- History -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Presentation -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Outcomes -- Malignancy and Mucocele -- References -- 14: Biliary
Content:
Introduction -- Biliary Physiology and Age-Related Pathophysiologic Changes -- Perioperative Considerations -- Diagnostic Investigation -- Laboratory Testing -- Noninvasive Imaging -- Plain Radiographs -- Ultrasound -- Biliary Scintigraphy (HIDA) -- Computerized Tomography -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cholangiopancreatography (MRI/MRCP) -- Invasive Imaging -- Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography -- Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC) -- Benign Calculous Diseases -- Acute Calculous Cholecystitis -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- Treatment of Acute Calculous Cholecystitis -- Chronic Calculous Cholecystitis -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- Treatment of Chronic Calculous Cholecystitis -- Choledocholithiasis -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- Treatment of Choledocholithiasis -- Cholangitis -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- Treatment of Cholangitis -- Biliary Pancreatitis -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- Treatment of Biliary Pancreatitis -- Gallstone Ileus -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- Treatment of Gallstone Ileus -- Benign Acalculous Diseases -- Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- Treatment of Acalculous Cholecystitis -- Motility Disorders of the Biliary Tree -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- Treatment of Biliary Motility Disorders -- Neoplasms of the Gallbladder -- Gallbladder Polyps -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- Treatment of Gallbladder Polyps -- Gallbladder Carcinoma -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- Treatment of Gallbladder Carcinoma -- References -- 15: Diverticulitis -- Anatomy of the Colon -- Effects of Aging on Colon Motility and Function -- Epidemiology and Pathology of Diverticular Disease -- Treatment of Diverticular Disease -- Uncomplicated (Simple) Diverticulitis -- Complicated Diverticulitis
Content:
Diverticulitis Associated with Free Perforation -- Summary -- References -- 16: Intestinal Obstruction -- Background -- Causes -- Signs and Symptoms -- Workup and Evaluation -- Treatment and Intervention -- Special Considerations -- References -- 17: Intestinal Hemorrhage in the Elderly -- Introduction -- Causes of Gastrointestinal Bleeding -- Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding -- Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding -- Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding -- Diagnosis -- Endoscopy -- Angiography -- Nuclear Medicine -- Computed Tomographic Scanning -- CT Enterography -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Capsule Endoscopy -- Management -- Initial Evaluation -- Aspiration Risk in Elderly -- Fluid Resuscitation -- Medications -- Endoscopy -- Angiography -- Surgery -- Summary -- References -- 18: Acute Abdomen -- Acute Abdomen -- History and Physical Exam -- Laboratory Analyses -- Diagnostic Imaging -- Differential Diagnosis -- Pitfalls -- References -- 19: Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections -- Epidemiology -- History -- Incidence -- Mortality -- Etiology -- Risk Factors -- Classification -- Microbiology -- Location -- Diagnosis -- Clinical Exam -- Radiology -- Plain Films -- Ultrasound -- Computed Tomography (CT) -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -- Laboratory -- Surgical Exploration -- Adjunctive Treatments -- Antibiotics -- Hyperbaric Oxygen -- IVIG -- Other -- References -- 20: Acute Vascular Insufficiency in the Elderly -- Educational Objectives -- Introduction -- Acute Limb Ischemia -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- Endovascular vs. Open Surgical Management -- Open Surgical Management -- Fasciotomy -- Postoperative Considerations -- Acute Mesenteric Ischemia -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- Management of Mesenteric Ischemia -- Summary -- Illustrative Case Presentations -- References
Content:
21: Thoracic Diseases in the Elderly for Geriatric Trauma and Emergency Care
Language:
English
Keywords:
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