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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford, [England] ; : William Andrew,
    UID:
    almahu_9949232400402882
    Format: 1 online resource (526 pages).
    Edition: Fourth edition.
    ISBN: 0-12-813293-0
    Series Statement: Plastics Design Library
    Note: Includes index. , Front Cover -- FILM PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS -- Series Page -- FILM PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 - Introduction to Plastics and Polymers -- 1.1 Polymerization -- 1.1.1 Addition Polymerization -- 1.1.2 Condensation Polymerization -- 1.2 Copolymers -- 1.3 Linear, Branched, and Cross-linked Polymers -- 1.4 Polarity -- 1.5 Unsaturation -- 1.6 Steric Hindrance -- 1.7 Isomers -- 1.7.1 Structural Isomers -- 1.7.2 Geometric Isomers -- 1.7.3 Stereoisomers-Syndiotactic, Isotactic, Atactic -- 1.8 Inter- and Intramolecular Attractions in Polymers -- 1.8.1 Hydrogen Bonding -- 1.8.2 Van der Waals Forces -- 1.8.3 Chain Entanglement -- 1.9 General Classifications -- 1.9.1 Molecular Weight -- 1.9.2 Thermosets Versus Thermoplastics -- 1.9.3 Crystalline Versus Amorphous -- 1.9.4 Orientation -- 1.10 Plastic Compositions -- 1.10.1 Polymer Blends -- 1.10.2 Elastomers -- 1.10.3 Additives -- 1.10.3.1 Fillers, Reinforcement, Composites -- 1.10.3.2 Combustion Modifiers, Fire, Flame Retardants, and Smoke Suppressants -- 1.10.3.3 Release Agents -- 1.10.3.4 Slip Additives/Internal Lubricants -- 1.10.3.5 Antiblock Additives -- 1.10.3.6 Catalysts -- 1.10.3.7 Impact Modifiers and Tougheners -- 1.10.3.8 UV Stabilizers -- 1.10.3.9 Optical Brighteners -- 1.10.3.10 Plasticizers -- 1.10.3.11 Pigments, Extenders, Dyes, Mica -- 1.10.3.11.1 Titanium Dioxide -- 1.10.3.11.2 Carbon Black -- 1.10.3.12 Coupling Agents -- 1.10.3.13 Thermal Stabilizers -- 1.10.3.14 Antistatic and Conductivity -- 1.10.3.15 Antioxidants -- 1.10.3.16 Antifog Additives -- 1.10.3.17 Nucleating Agents/Clarifying Agents -- 1.10.3.18 Antimicrobials/Biocides -- 1.10.3.19 Oxygen Scavangers -- 1.10.3.20 Odor Absorbers -- 1.10.3.21 Desiccants -- 1.11 Polymer Nomenclature -- 1.12 Summary. , 2 - Introduction to the Mechanical, Thermal, and Permeation Properties of Plastics and Elastomer Films -- 2.1 Physical Property Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.1.1 Specific Gravity and Density -- 2.1.2 Dimensional Stability on Heating -- 2.1.3 Hygroscopic Expansion -- 2.1.4 Residual Shrinkage/Strain Relief -- 2.1.5 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion -- 2.1.6 Appearance: Color, Haze, and Gloss -- 2.1.6.1 Color -- 2.1.6.2 Gloss Measurement -- 2.1.6.3 Haze Measurement -- 2.1.7 Coefficient of Friction -- 2.2 Mechanical Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.2.1 Tensile Properties -- 2.2.2 Flexural Properties -- 2.2.3 Folding Endurance (MIT Flex Life Machine) -- 2.2.4 Puncture Properties -- 2.2.4.1 High-Speed Puncture Test -- 2.2.4.2 Drop Dart Impact Test for Plastics Film -- 2.2.4.3 Spencer Impact Test -- 2.2.5 Tear Properties -- 2.2.5.1 Elmendorf Tear Strength -- 2.2.5.2 Trouser Tear Resistance -- 2.3 Thermal Property Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.3.1 Melt Flow Index -- 2.3.2 Melting Point, Tm -- 2.3.3 Glass Transition Temperature, Tg -- 2.3.4 Other Thermal Tests -- 2.4 Electrical Properties of Films -- 2.4.1 Dielectric Constant (or Relative Permittivity) -- 2.4.2 Dissipation Factor -- 2.4.3 Dielectric Strength -- 2.4.4 Surface Resistivity -- 2.4.5 Volume Resistivity -- 2.5 Permeation of Films -- 2.5.1 History -- 2.5.2 Transport of Gases and Vapors Though Solid Materials -- 2.5.3 Effusion -- 2.5.4 Solution-Diffusion and Pore-Flow Models -- 2.5.4.1 Non-Fickian Diffusion -- 2.5.4.2 Dependence of Permeability, Diffusion, and Solubility Pressure -- 2.5.4.3 Dependence of Permeability, Diffusion, and Solubility on Temperature-The Arrhenius Equation -- 2.5.5 Multiple-layered Films -- 2.5.6 Permeation and Vapor Transmission Testing -- 2.5.6.1 Units of Measurement -- 2.5.6.2 Gas Permeation Test Cells -- 2.5.6.3 Vapor Permeation Cup Testing. , 2.5.6.4 Mass Spectrometry and Calibrated Standard Gas Leaks -- 2.5.6.5 Standard Tests for Permeation and Vapor Transmission -- 3 - Production of Films -- 3.1 Extrusion -- 3.2 Blown Film -- 3.3 Calendering -- 3.4 Casting Film Lines -- 3.5 Post-Film Formation Processing -- 3.6 Web Coating -- 3.6.1 Gravure Coating -- 3.6.2 Reverse Roll Coating -- 3.6.3 Knife on Roll Coating -- 3.6.4 Metering Rod (Meyer Rod) Coating -- 3.6.5 Slot Die (Slot, Extrusion) Coating -- 3.6.6 Immersion (Dip) Coating -- 3.6.7 Vacuum Deposition -- 3.6.8 Web Coating Process Summary -- 3.7 Lamination -- 3.7.1 Hot Roll/Belt Lamination -- 3.7.2 Flame Lamination -- 3.8 Orientation -- 3.8.1 Machine Direction Orientation -- 3.8.2 Biaxial Orientation -- 3.8.3 Blown Film Orientation -- 3.9 Skiving -- 3.10 Coatings -- 3.11 Summary -- 4 - Uses of Barrier Films -- 4.1 Barrier Films in Packaging -- 4.1.1 Water Vapor -- 4.1.2 Atmospheric Gases -- 4.1.3 Odors and Flavors -- 4.2 Markets and Applications of Barrier Films -- 4.3 EVAL™ Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer-Based Multiple Layered Films and Their Applications -- 4.4 Some Illustrated Applications of Multiple Layered Films -- 5 - Styrenic Plastics -- 5.1 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer -- 5.2 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate -- 5.3 Polystyrene -- 5.4 Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer -- 5.5 Styrenic Block Copolymers -- 6 - Polyesters -- 6.1 Polycarbonate -- 6.2 Polybutylene Terephthalate -- 6.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate -- 6.3.1 DuPont™ Teijin Films™ -- 6.3.2 Mitsubishi Polyester Film Hostaphan® -- 6.3.3 Toray Industries Lumirror® -- 6.3.4 Generic -- 6.4 Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 6.5 Polycyclohexylene-Dimethylene Terephthalate -- 6.6 Polyethylene Naphthalate -- 6.7 Copolyesters -- 7 - Polyimides -- 7.1 Polyamide-Imide -- 7.2 Polyetherimide -- 7.3 Polyimide -- 7.3.1 DuPont™ Kapton® -- 7.3.2 UBE Industries Upilex® Polyimide Films. , 7.3.3 Saint-Gobain Norton -- 7.4 Thermoplastic Polyimide -- 8 - Polyamides (Nylons) -- 8.1 Polyamide 6 (Nylon 6) -- 8.1.1 Honeywell -- 8.1.2 EMS Grivory -- 8.1.3 UBE -- 8.1.4 Generic Nylon 6 -- 8.2 Polyamide 11 (Nylon 11) -- 8.3 Polyamide 12 (Nylon 12) -- 8.4 Polyamide 66 (Nylon 66) -- 8.5 Polyamide 610 (Nylon 610) -- 8.6 Polyamide 66/610 (Nylon 66/610) -- 8.7 Polyamide 6/12 (Nylon 6/12) -- 8.8 Polyamide 666 (Nylon 666 or 6/66) -- 8.9 Polyamide 6/69 (Nylon 6/6.9) -- 8.10 Polyamide 1010 (Nylon 1010) -- 8.11 Polyamide 1012 (Nylon 1012) -- 8.12 Amorphous Polyamides -- 8.13 Nylon PACM-12 -- 8.14 Polyarylamide -- 9 - Polyolefins -- 9.1 Polyethylene -- 9.1.1 Unclassified Polyethylene -- 9.1.2 Ultralow-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.3 Linear Low-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.4 Low-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.5 Medium-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.6 High-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.6.1 LyondellBasell -- 9.1.6.2 Equistar Chemicals -- 9.1.6.3 ExxonMobil™ -- 9.1.6.4 NOVA Chemicals High-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.7 Metallocene Polyethylene -- 9.1.8 Enhanced Polyethylene -- 9.2 Polypropylene -- 9.3 Polybutadiene -- 9.4 Polymethyl Pentene -- 9.5 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer -- 9.6 Plastomer -- 10 - Polyvinyls and Acrylics -- 10.1 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer -- 10.1.1 DuPont™ Elvax® -- 10.1.2 Arkema Evatane® -- 10.1.3 LyondellBasell Ultrathene Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers -- 10.2 Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer -- 10.2.1 Kuraray EVAL™ -- 10.2.2 Nippon Gohsei Soarnol® -- 10.3 Polyvinyl Alcohol -- 10.4 Polyvinyl Chloride -- 10.5 Polyvinylidene Chloride -- 10.6 Polyacrylics -- 10.7 Acrylonitrile-Methyl Acrylate Copolymer -- 10.8 Ionomers -- 10.8.1 DuPont™ Surlyn® -- 10.8.2 ExxonMobil Chemical Iotek™ Ionomer Films -- 11 - Fluoropolymers -- 11.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 11.2 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.2.1 Chemours Teflon® Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene. , 11.2.2 Daikin Neoflon™ Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.2.3 Generic/Unspecified Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.3 Perfluoroalkoxy -- 11.3.1 PFA -- 11.3.2 Perfluoromethoxy -- 11.4 Hexafluoropropylene, Tetrafluoroethylene, Ethylene Terpolymer -- 11.5 Tetrafluoroethylene, Hexafluoropropylene, Vinylidene Fluoride Terpolymer™ -- 11.6 Amorphous Fluoropolymer-Teflon AF® -- 11.7 Polyvinyl Fluoride -- 11.7.1 DuPont Tedlar® -- 11.8 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene -- 11.8.1 Honeywell Aclar® PCTFE Film -- 11.8.2 Daikin Industries Neoflon® PCTFE Film -- 11.8.3 Arkema Voltalef® PCTFE Film -- 11.9 Polyvinylidene Fluoride -- 11.10 Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.10.1 Chemours Tefzel® -- 11.10.2 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Norton® ETFE -- 11.10.3 Asahi Glass Fluon® -- 11.10.4 Generic Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.11 Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.12 Summary -- 12 - High-Temperature/High-Performance Polymers -- 12.1 Polyaryletherketones -- 12.2 Polyphenylene Sulfide -- 12.3 Polysulfone -- 12.4 Polyethersulfone -- 12.5 Polybenzimidazole -- 12.6 Parylene (Poly(p-Xylylene)) -- 12.7 Polyphenylene Sulfone -- 13 - Elastomers and Rubbers -- 13.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers -- 13.2 Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 13.3 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers -- 13.4 Thermoplastic Polyether Block Polyamide Elastomers -- 13.5 Styrenic Butadiene Copolymer Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 13.6 Syndiotactic 1,2-Polybutadiene -- 13.7 Polysiloxane -- 14 - Renewable Resource and Biodegradable Polymers -- 14.1 Cellophane™ -- 14.2 Nitrocellulose -- 14.3 Cellulose Acetate -- 14.4 Cellulose Acetate Butyrate -- 14.5 Cellulose Acetate Propionate -- 14.6 Ethyl Cellulose -- 14.7 Polycaprolactone -- 14.8 Poly(Lactic Acid) -- 14.9 Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate -- 14.10 Polyglycolic Acid -- 15 - Multilayered Films. , 15.1 Prediction of Properties of Multilayered Films.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-813292-2
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amsterdam ; : Elsevier,
    UID:
    almahu_9949697348302882
    Format: 1 online resource (407 p.)
    Edition: 3rd ed.
    ISBN: 1-283-73497-4 , 1-4557-2801-2
    Series Statement: PDL handbook series
    Content: Now in its 3e, Film Properties of Plastics and Elastomers, has been extensively revised. This is the only data handbook available on the engineering properties of commercial polymeric films. It details many physical, mechanical, optical, electrical, and permeation properties within the context of specific test parameters, providing a ready reference for comparing materials in the same family as well as materials in different families. Data is presented on the characteristics of 47 major plastic and elastomer packaging materials. New to this edition, the resin chapters each contain te
    Note: At head of title: Plastics Design Library. , Front Cover; Series Page; Film Properties of Plastics and Elastomers; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Chapter 1 - Introduction to Plastics and Polymers; 1.1 Polymerization; 1.2 Copolymers; 1.3 Linear, Branched and Crosslinked Polymers; 1.4 Polarity; 1.5 Unsaturation; 1.6 Steric Hindrance; 1.7 Isomers; 1.8 Inter and Intra Molecular Attractions in Polymers; 1.9 General Classifications; 1.10 Plastic Compositions; 1.11 Summary; References; Chapter 2 - Introduction to the Properties of Plastic and Elastomer Films; 2.1 Physical Property Testing of Plastic Films , 2.2 Mechanical Testing of Plastic Films2.3 Thermal Property Testing of Plastic Films; 2.4 Electrical Properties of Films; 2.5 Permeation of Films; References; Chapter 3 - Production of Films; 3.1 Extrusion; 3.2 Blown Film; 3.3 Calendering; 3.4 Casting Film Lines; 3.5 Post Film Formation Processing; 3.6 Web Coating; 3.7 Lamination; 3.8 Orientation; 3.9 Skiving8; 3.10 Coatings; 3.11 Summary; References; Chapter 4 - Uses of Barrier Films; 4.1 Barrier Films in Packaging; Chapter 5 - Styrenic Plastics; 5.1 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer; 5.2 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate , 5.3 Polystyrene5.4 Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer; References; Chapter 6 - Polyesters; 6.1 Liquid Crystalline Polymers; 6.2 Polybutylene Terephthalate; 6.3 Polycarbonate; 6.4 Polycyclohexylene-dimethylene Terephthalate; 6.5 Polyethylene Naphthalate; 6.6 Polyethylene Terephthalate; References; Chapter 7 - Polyimides; 7.1 Polyamide-Imide; 7.2 Polyetherimide; 7.3 Polyimide; References; Chapter 8 - Polyamides (Nylons); 8.1 Polyamide 6 (Nylon 6); 8.2 Polyamide 12 (Nylon 12); 8.3 Polyamide 66 (Nylon 66); 8.4 Polyamide 66/610 (Nylon 66/610); 8.5 Polyamide 6/12 (Nylon 6/12) , 8.6 Polyamide 666 (Nylon 666 or 6/66)8.7 Polyamide 6/69 (Nylon 6/69); 8.8 Nylon 1010; 8.9 Specialty Polyamides; References; Chapter 9 - Polyolefins; 9.1 Polyethylene; 9.2 Polypropylene; 9.3 Polybutene-1; 9.4 Polymethyl Pentene; 9.5 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer; 9.6 Plastomer; References; Chapter 10 - Polyvinyls and Acrylics; 10.1 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer; 10.2 Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer; 10.3 Polyvinyl Alcohol; 10.4 Polyvinyl Chloride; 10.5 Polyvinylidene Chloride; 10.6 Polyacrylics; 10.7 Acrylonitrile-Methyl Acrylate Copolymer; 10.8 Ionomers; References; Chapter 11 - Fluoropolymers , 11.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene11.2 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene; 11.3 Perfluoroalkoxy; 11.4 Amorphous Fluoropolymer-Teflon AF®; 11.5 Polyvinyl Fluoride; 11.6 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene; 11.7 Polyvinylidene Fluoride; 11.8 Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer; 11.9 Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer; References; Chapter 12 - High Temperature/High Performance Polymers; 12.1 Polyetheretherketone; 12.2 Polysiloxane; 12.3 Polyphenylene Sulfide; 12.4 Polysulfone; 12.5 Polyethersulfone; 12.6 Polybenzimidazole; 12.7 Parylene (poly(p-xylylene)); 12.8 Polyphenylene Sulfone; References , Chapter 13 - Elastomers and Rubbers , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4557-2551-X
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford, [England] ; : William Andrew,
    UID:
    edoccha_9960161217002883
    Format: 1 online resource (526 pages).
    Edition: Fourth edition.
    ISBN: 0-12-813293-0
    Series Statement: Plastics Design Library
    Note: Includes index. , Front Cover -- FILM PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS -- Series Page -- FILM PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 - Introduction to Plastics and Polymers -- 1.1 Polymerization -- 1.1.1 Addition Polymerization -- 1.1.2 Condensation Polymerization -- 1.2 Copolymers -- 1.3 Linear, Branched, and Cross-linked Polymers -- 1.4 Polarity -- 1.5 Unsaturation -- 1.6 Steric Hindrance -- 1.7 Isomers -- 1.7.1 Structural Isomers -- 1.7.2 Geometric Isomers -- 1.7.3 Stereoisomers-Syndiotactic, Isotactic, Atactic -- 1.8 Inter- and Intramolecular Attractions in Polymers -- 1.8.1 Hydrogen Bonding -- 1.8.2 Van der Waals Forces -- 1.8.3 Chain Entanglement -- 1.9 General Classifications -- 1.9.1 Molecular Weight -- 1.9.2 Thermosets Versus Thermoplastics -- 1.9.3 Crystalline Versus Amorphous -- 1.9.4 Orientation -- 1.10 Plastic Compositions -- 1.10.1 Polymer Blends -- 1.10.2 Elastomers -- 1.10.3 Additives -- 1.10.3.1 Fillers, Reinforcement, Composites -- 1.10.3.2 Combustion Modifiers, Fire, Flame Retardants, and Smoke Suppressants -- 1.10.3.3 Release Agents -- 1.10.3.4 Slip Additives/Internal Lubricants -- 1.10.3.5 Antiblock Additives -- 1.10.3.6 Catalysts -- 1.10.3.7 Impact Modifiers and Tougheners -- 1.10.3.8 UV Stabilizers -- 1.10.3.9 Optical Brighteners -- 1.10.3.10 Plasticizers -- 1.10.3.11 Pigments, Extenders, Dyes, Mica -- 1.10.3.11.1 Titanium Dioxide -- 1.10.3.11.2 Carbon Black -- 1.10.3.12 Coupling Agents -- 1.10.3.13 Thermal Stabilizers -- 1.10.3.14 Antistatic and Conductivity -- 1.10.3.15 Antioxidants -- 1.10.3.16 Antifog Additives -- 1.10.3.17 Nucleating Agents/Clarifying Agents -- 1.10.3.18 Antimicrobials/Biocides -- 1.10.3.19 Oxygen Scavangers -- 1.10.3.20 Odor Absorbers -- 1.10.3.21 Desiccants -- 1.11 Polymer Nomenclature -- 1.12 Summary. , 2 - Introduction to the Mechanical, Thermal, and Permeation Properties of Plastics and Elastomer Films -- 2.1 Physical Property Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.1.1 Specific Gravity and Density -- 2.1.2 Dimensional Stability on Heating -- 2.1.3 Hygroscopic Expansion -- 2.1.4 Residual Shrinkage/Strain Relief -- 2.1.5 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion -- 2.1.6 Appearance: Color, Haze, and Gloss -- 2.1.6.1 Color -- 2.1.6.2 Gloss Measurement -- 2.1.6.3 Haze Measurement -- 2.1.7 Coefficient of Friction -- 2.2 Mechanical Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.2.1 Tensile Properties -- 2.2.2 Flexural Properties -- 2.2.3 Folding Endurance (MIT Flex Life Machine) -- 2.2.4 Puncture Properties -- 2.2.4.1 High-Speed Puncture Test -- 2.2.4.2 Drop Dart Impact Test for Plastics Film -- 2.2.4.3 Spencer Impact Test -- 2.2.5 Tear Properties -- 2.2.5.1 Elmendorf Tear Strength -- 2.2.5.2 Trouser Tear Resistance -- 2.3 Thermal Property Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.3.1 Melt Flow Index -- 2.3.2 Melting Point, Tm -- 2.3.3 Glass Transition Temperature, Tg -- 2.3.4 Other Thermal Tests -- 2.4 Electrical Properties of Films -- 2.4.1 Dielectric Constant (or Relative Permittivity) -- 2.4.2 Dissipation Factor -- 2.4.3 Dielectric Strength -- 2.4.4 Surface Resistivity -- 2.4.5 Volume Resistivity -- 2.5 Permeation of Films -- 2.5.1 History -- 2.5.2 Transport of Gases and Vapors Though Solid Materials -- 2.5.3 Effusion -- 2.5.4 Solution-Diffusion and Pore-Flow Models -- 2.5.4.1 Non-Fickian Diffusion -- 2.5.4.2 Dependence of Permeability, Diffusion, and Solubility Pressure -- 2.5.4.3 Dependence of Permeability, Diffusion, and Solubility on Temperature-The Arrhenius Equation -- 2.5.5 Multiple-layered Films -- 2.5.6 Permeation and Vapor Transmission Testing -- 2.5.6.1 Units of Measurement -- 2.5.6.2 Gas Permeation Test Cells -- 2.5.6.3 Vapor Permeation Cup Testing. , 2.5.6.4 Mass Spectrometry and Calibrated Standard Gas Leaks -- 2.5.6.5 Standard Tests for Permeation and Vapor Transmission -- 3 - Production of Films -- 3.1 Extrusion -- 3.2 Blown Film -- 3.3 Calendering -- 3.4 Casting Film Lines -- 3.5 Post-Film Formation Processing -- 3.6 Web Coating -- 3.6.1 Gravure Coating -- 3.6.2 Reverse Roll Coating -- 3.6.3 Knife on Roll Coating -- 3.6.4 Metering Rod (Meyer Rod) Coating -- 3.6.5 Slot Die (Slot, Extrusion) Coating -- 3.6.6 Immersion (Dip) Coating -- 3.6.7 Vacuum Deposition -- 3.6.8 Web Coating Process Summary -- 3.7 Lamination -- 3.7.1 Hot Roll/Belt Lamination -- 3.7.2 Flame Lamination -- 3.8 Orientation -- 3.8.1 Machine Direction Orientation -- 3.8.2 Biaxial Orientation -- 3.8.3 Blown Film Orientation -- 3.9 Skiving -- 3.10 Coatings -- 3.11 Summary -- 4 - Uses of Barrier Films -- 4.1 Barrier Films in Packaging -- 4.1.1 Water Vapor -- 4.1.2 Atmospheric Gases -- 4.1.3 Odors and Flavors -- 4.2 Markets and Applications of Barrier Films -- 4.3 EVAL™ Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer-Based Multiple Layered Films and Their Applications -- 4.4 Some Illustrated Applications of Multiple Layered Films -- 5 - Styrenic Plastics -- 5.1 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer -- 5.2 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate -- 5.3 Polystyrene -- 5.4 Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer -- 5.5 Styrenic Block Copolymers -- 6 - Polyesters -- 6.1 Polycarbonate -- 6.2 Polybutylene Terephthalate -- 6.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate -- 6.3.1 DuPont™ Teijin Films™ -- 6.3.2 Mitsubishi Polyester Film Hostaphan® -- 6.3.3 Toray Industries Lumirror® -- 6.3.4 Generic -- 6.4 Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 6.5 Polycyclohexylene-Dimethylene Terephthalate -- 6.6 Polyethylene Naphthalate -- 6.7 Copolyesters -- 7 - Polyimides -- 7.1 Polyamide-Imide -- 7.2 Polyetherimide -- 7.3 Polyimide -- 7.3.1 DuPont™ Kapton® -- 7.3.2 UBE Industries Upilex® Polyimide Films. , 7.3.3 Saint-Gobain Norton -- 7.4 Thermoplastic Polyimide -- 8 - Polyamides (Nylons) -- 8.1 Polyamide 6 (Nylon 6) -- 8.1.1 Honeywell -- 8.1.2 EMS Grivory -- 8.1.3 UBE -- 8.1.4 Generic Nylon 6 -- 8.2 Polyamide 11 (Nylon 11) -- 8.3 Polyamide 12 (Nylon 12) -- 8.4 Polyamide 66 (Nylon 66) -- 8.5 Polyamide 610 (Nylon 610) -- 8.6 Polyamide 66/610 (Nylon 66/610) -- 8.7 Polyamide 6/12 (Nylon 6/12) -- 8.8 Polyamide 666 (Nylon 666 or 6/66) -- 8.9 Polyamide 6/69 (Nylon 6/6.9) -- 8.10 Polyamide 1010 (Nylon 1010) -- 8.11 Polyamide 1012 (Nylon 1012) -- 8.12 Amorphous Polyamides -- 8.13 Nylon PACM-12 -- 8.14 Polyarylamide -- 9 - Polyolefins -- 9.1 Polyethylene -- 9.1.1 Unclassified Polyethylene -- 9.1.2 Ultralow-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.3 Linear Low-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.4 Low-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.5 Medium-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.6 High-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.6.1 LyondellBasell -- 9.1.6.2 Equistar Chemicals -- 9.1.6.3 ExxonMobil™ -- 9.1.6.4 NOVA Chemicals High-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.7 Metallocene Polyethylene -- 9.1.8 Enhanced Polyethylene -- 9.2 Polypropylene -- 9.3 Polybutadiene -- 9.4 Polymethyl Pentene -- 9.5 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer -- 9.6 Plastomer -- 10 - Polyvinyls and Acrylics -- 10.1 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer -- 10.1.1 DuPont™ Elvax® -- 10.1.2 Arkema Evatane® -- 10.1.3 LyondellBasell Ultrathene Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers -- 10.2 Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer -- 10.2.1 Kuraray EVAL™ -- 10.2.2 Nippon Gohsei Soarnol® -- 10.3 Polyvinyl Alcohol -- 10.4 Polyvinyl Chloride -- 10.5 Polyvinylidene Chloride -- 10.6 Polyacrylics -- 10.7 Acrylonitrile-Methyl Acrylate Copolymer -- 10.8 Ionomers -- 10.8.1 DuPont™ Surlyn® -- 10.8.2 ExxonMobil Chemical Iotek™ Ionomer Films -- 11 - Fluoropolymers -- 11.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 11.2 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.2.1 Chemours Teflon® Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene. , 11.2.2 Daikin Neoflon™ Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.2.3 Generic/Unspecified Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.3 Perfluoroalkoxy -- 11.3.1 PFA -- 11.3.2 Perfluoromethoxy -- 11.4 Hexafluoropropylene, Tetrafluoroethylene, Ethylene Terpolymer -- 11.5 Tetrafluoroethylene, Hexafluoropropylene, Vinylidene Fluoride Terpolymer™ -- 11.6 Amorphous Fluoropolymer-Teflon AF® -- 11.7 Polyvinyl Fluoride -- 11.7.1 DuPont Tedlar® -- 11.8 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene -- 11.8.1 Honeywell Aclar® PCTFE Film -- 11.8.2 Daikin Industries Neoflon® PCTFE Film -- 11.8.3 Arkema Voltalef® PCTFE Film -- 11.9 Polyvinylidene Fluoride -- 11.10 Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.10.1 Chemours Tefzel® -- 11.10.2 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Norton® ETFE -- 11.10.3 Asahi Glass Fluon® -- 11.10.4 Generic Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.11 Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.12 Summary -- 12 - High-Temperature/High-Performance Polymers -- 12.1 Polyaryletherketones -- 12.2 Polyphenylene Sulfide -- 12.3 Polysulfone -- 12.4 Polyethersulfone -- 12.5 Polybenzimidazole -- 12.6 Parylene (Poly(p-Xylylene)) -- 12.7 Polyphenylene Sulfone -- 13 - Elastomers and Rubbers -- 13.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers -- 13.2 Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 13.3 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers -- 13.4 Thermoplastic Polyether Block Polyamide Elastomers -- 13.5 Styrenic Butadiene Copolymer Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 13.6 Syndiotactic 1,2-Polybutadiene -- 13.7 Polysiloxane -- 14 - Renewable Resource and Biodegradable Polymers -- 14.1 Cellophane™ -- 14.2 Nitrocellulose -- 14.3 Cellulose Acetate -- 14.4 Cellulose Acetate Butyrate -- 14.5 Cellulose Acetate Propionate -- 14.6 Ethyl Cellulose -- 14.7 Polycaprolactone -- 14.8 Poly(Lactic Acid) -- 14.9 Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate -- 14.10 Polyglycolic Acid -- 15 - Multilayered Films. , 15.1 Prediction of Properties of Multilayered Films.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-813292-2
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford, [England] ; : William Andrew,
    UID:
    edocfu_9960161217002883
    Format: 1 online resource (526 pages).
    Edition: Fourth edition.
    ISBN: 0-12-813293-0
    Series Statement: Plastics Design Library
    Note: Includes index. , Front Cover -- FILM PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS -- Series Page -- FILM PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 - Introduction to Plastics and Polymers -- 1.1 Polymerization -- 1.1.1 Addition Polymerization -- 1.1.2 Condensation Polymerization -- 1.2 Copolymers -- 1.3 Linear, Branched, and Cross-linked Polymers -- 1.4 Polarity -- 1.5 Unsaturation -- 1.6 Steric Hindrance -- 1.7 Isomers -- 1.7.1 Structural Isomers -- 1.7.2 Geometric Isomers -- 1.7.3 Stereoisomers-Syndiotactic, Isotactic, Atactic -- 1.8 Inter- and Intramolecular Attractions in Polymers -- 1.8.1 Hydrogen Bonding -- 1.8.2 Van der Waals Forces -- 1.8.3 Chain Entanglement -- 1.9 General Classifications -- 1.9.1 Molecular Weight -- 1.9.2 Thermosets Versus Thermoplastics -- 1.9.3 Crystalline Versus Amorphous -- 1.9.4 Orientation -- 1.10 Plastic Compositions -- 1.10.1 Polymer Blends -- 1.10.2 Elastomers -- 1.10.3 Additives -- 1.10.3.1 Fillers, Reinforcement, Composites -- 1.10.3.2 Combustion Modifiers, Fire, Flame Retardants, and Smoke Suppressants -- 1.10.3.3 Release Agents -- 1.10.3.4 Slip Additives/Internal Lubricants -- 1.10.3.5 Antiblock Additives -- 1.10.3.6 Catalysts -- 1.10.3.7 Impact Modifiers and Tougheners -- 1.10.3.8 UV Stabilizers -- 1.10.3.9 Optical Brighteners -- 1.10.3.10 Plasticizers -- 1.10.3.11 Pigments, Extenders, Dyes, Mica -- 1.10.3.11.1 Titanium Dioxide -- 1.10.3.11.2 Carbon Black -- 1.10.3.12 Coupling Agents -- 1.10.3.13 Thermal Stabilizers -- 1.10.3.14 Antistatic and Conductivity -- 1.10.3.15 Antioxidants -- 1.10.3.16 Antifog Additives -- 1.10.3.17 Nucleating Agents/Clarifying Agents -- 1.10.3.18 Antimicrobials/Biocides -- 1.10.3.19 Oxygen Scavangers -- 1.10.3.20 Odor Absorbers -- 1.10.3.21 Desiccants -- 1.11 Polymer Nomenclature -- 1.12 Summary. , 2 - Introduction to the Mechanical, Thermal, and Permeation Properties of Plastics and Elastomer Films -- 2.1 Physical Property Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.1.1 Specific Gravity and Density -- 2.1.2 Dimensional Stability on Heating -- 2.1.3 Hygroscopic Expansion -- 2.1.4 Residual Shrinkage/Strain Relief -- 2.1.5 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion -- 2.1.6 Appearance: Color, Haze, and Gloss -- 2.1.6.1 Color -- 2.1.6.2 Gloss Measurement -- 2.1.6.3 Haze Measurement -- 2.1.7 Coefficient of Friction -- 2.2 Mechanical Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.2.1 Tensile Properties -- 2.2.2 Flexural Properties -- 2.2.3 Folding Endurance (MIT Flex Life Machine) -- 2.2.4 Puncture Properties -- 2.2.4.1 High-Speed Puncture Test -- 2.2.4.2 Drop Dart Impact Test for Plastics Film -- 2.2.4.3 Spencer Impact Test -- 2.2.5 Tear Properties -- 2.2.5.1 Elmendorf Tear Strength -- 2.2.5.2 Trouser Tear Resistance -- 2.3 Thermal Property Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.3.1 Melt Flow Index -- 2.3.2 Melting Point, Tm -- 2.3.3 Glass Transition Temperature, Tg -- 2.3.4 Other Thermal Tests -- 2.4 Electrical Properties of Films -- 2.4.1 Dielectric Constant (or Relative Permittivity) -- 2.4.2 Dissipation Factor -- 2.4.3 Dielectric Strength -- 2.4.4 Surface Resistivity -- 2.4.5 Volume Resistivity -- 2.5 Permeation of Films -- 2.5.1 History -- 2.5.2 Transport of Gases and Vapors Though Solid Materials -- 2.5.3 Effusion -- 2.5.4 Solution-Diffusion and Pore-Flow Models -- 2.5.4.1 Non-Fickian Diffusion -- 2.5.4.2 Dependence of Permeability, Diffusion, and Solubility Pressure -- 2.5.4.3 Dependence of Permeability, Diffusion, and Solubility on Temperature-The Arrhenius Equation -- 2.5.5 Multiple-layered Films -- 2.5.6 Permeation and Vapor Transmission Testing -- 2.5.6.1 Units of Measurement -- 2.5.6.2 Gas Permeation Test Cells -- 2.5.6.3 Vapor Permeation Cup Testing. , 2.5.6.4 Mass Spectrometry and Calibrated Standard Gas Leaks -- 2.5.6.5 Standard Tests for Permeation and Vapor Transmission -- 3 - Production of Films -- 3.1 Extrusion -- 3.2 Blown Film -- 3.3 Calendering -- 3.4 Casting Film Lines -- 3.5 Post-Film Formation Processing -- 3.6 Web Coating -- 3.6.1 Gravure Coating -- 3.6.2 Reverse Roll Coating -- 3.6.3 Knife on Roll Coating -- 3.6.4 Metering Rod (Meyer Rod) Coating -- 3.6.5 Slot Die (Slot, Extrusion) Coating -- 3.6.6 Immersion (Dip) Coating -- 3.6.7 Vacuum Deposition -- 3.6.8 Web Coating Process Summary -- 3.7 Lamination -- 3.7.1 Hot Roll/Belt Lamination -- 3.7.2 Flame Lamination -- 3.8 Orientation -- 3.8.1 Machine Direction Orientation -- 3.8.2 Biaxial Orientation -- 3.8.3 Blown Film Orientation -- 3.9 Skiving -- 3.10 Coatings -- 3.11 Summary -- 4 - Uses of Barrier Films -- 4.1 Barrier Films in Packaging -- 4.1.1 Water Vapor -- 4.1.2 Atmospheric Gases -- 4.1.3 Odors and Flavors -- 4.2 Markets and Applications of Barrier Films -- 4.3 EVAL™ Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer-Based Multiple Layered Films and Their Applications -- 4.4 Some Illustrated Applications of Multiple Layered Films -- 5 - Styrenic Plastics -- 5.1 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer -- 5.2 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate -- 5.3 Polystyrene -- 5.4 Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer -- 5.5 Styrenic Block Copolymers -- 6 - Polyesters -- 6.1 Polycarbonate -- 6.2 Polybutylene Terephthalate -- 6.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate -- 6.3.1 DuPont™ Teijin Films™ -- 6.3.2 Mitsubishi Polyester Film Hostaphan® -- 6.3.3 Toray Industries Lumirror® -- 6.3.4 Generic -- 6.4 Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 6.5 Polycyclohexylene-Dimethylene Terephthalate -- 6.6 Polyethylene Naphthalate -- 6.7 Copolyesters -- 7 - Polyimides -- 7.1 Polyamide-Imide -- 7.2 Polyetherimide -- 7.3 Polyimide -- 7.3.1 DuPont™ Kapton® -- 7.3.2 UBE Industries Upilex® Polyimide Films. , 7.3.3 Saint-Gobain Norton -- 7.4 Thermoplastic Polyimide -- 8 - Polyamides (Nylons) -- 8.1 Polyamide 6 (Nylon 6) -- 8.1.1 Honeywell -- 8.1.2 EMS Grivory -- 8.1.3 UBE -- 8.1.4 Generic Nylon 6 -- 8.2 Polyamide 11 (Nylon 11) -- 8.3 Polyamide 12 (Nylon 12) -- 8.4 Polyamide 66 (Nylon 66) -- 8.5 Polyamide 610 (Nylon 610) -- 8.6 Polyamide 66/610 (Nylon 66/610) -- 8.7 Polyamide 6/12 (Nylon 6/12) -- 8.8 Polyamide 666 (Nylon 666 or 6/66) -- 8.9 Polyamide 6/69 (Nylon 6/6.9) -- 8.10 Polyamide 1010 (Nylon 1010) -- 8.11 Polyamide 1012 (Nylon 1012) -- 8.12 Amorphous Polyamides -- 8.13 Nylon PACM-12 -- 8.14 Polyarylamide -- 9 - Polyolefins -- 9.1 Polyethylene -- 9.1.1 Unclassified Polyethylene -- 9.1.2 Ultralow-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.3 Linear Low-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.4 Low-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.5 Medium-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.6 High-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.6.1 LyondellBasell -- 9.1.6.2 Equistar Chemicals -- 9.1.6.3 ExxonMobil™ -- 9.1.6.4 NOVA Chemicals High-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.7 Metallocene Polyethylene -- 9.1.8 Enhanced Polyethylene -- 9.2 Polypropylene -- 9.3 Polybutadiene -- 9.4 Polymethyl Pentene -- 9.5 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer -- 9.6 Plastomer -- 10 - Polyvinyls and Acrylics -- 10.1 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer -- 10.1.1 DuPont™ Elvax® -- 10.1.2 Arkema Evatane® -- 10.1.3 LyondellBasell Ultrathene Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers -- 10.2 Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer -- 10.2.1 Kuraray EVAL™ -- 10.2.2 Nippon Gohsei Soarnol® -- 10.3 Polyvinyl Alcohol -- 10.4 Polyvinyl Chloride -- 10.5 Polyvinylidene Chloride -- 10.6 Polyacrylics -- 10.7 Acrylonitrile-Methyl Acrylate Copolymer -- 10.8 Ionomers -- 10.8.1 DuPont™ Surlyn® -- 10.8.2 ExxonMobil Chemical Iotek™ Ionomer Films -- 11 - Fluoropolymers -- 11.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 11.2 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.2.1 Chemours Teflon® Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene. , 11.2.2 Daikin Neoflon™ Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.2.3 Generic/Unspecified Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.3 Perfluoroalkoxy -- 11.3.1 PFA -- 11.3.2 Perfluoromethoxy -- 11.4 Hexafluoropropylene, Tetrafluoroethylene, Ethylene Terpolymer -- 11.5 Tetrafluoroethylene, Hexafluoropropylene, Vinylidene Fluoride Terpolymer™ -- 11.6 Amorphous Fluoropolymer-Teflon AF® -- 11.7 Polyvinyl Fluoride -- 11.7.1 DuPont Tedlar® -- 11.8 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene -- 11.8.1 Honeywell Aclar® PCTFE Film -- 11.8.2 Daikin Industries Neoflon® PCTFE Film -- 11.8.3 Arkema Voltalef® PCTFE Film -- 11.9 Polyvinylidene Fluoride -- 11.10 Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.10.1 Chemours Tefzel® -- 11.10.2 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Norton® ETFE -- 11.10.3 Asahi Glass Fluon® -- 11.10.4 Generic Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.11 Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.12 Summary -- 12 - High-Temperature/High-Performance Polymers -- 12.1 Polyaryletherketones -- 12.2 Polyphenylene Sulfide -- 12.3 Polysulfone -- 12.4 Polyethersulfone -- 12.5 Polybenzimidazole -- 12.6 Parylene (Poly(p-Xylylene)) -- 12.7 Polyphenylene Sulfone -- 13 - Elastomers and Rubbers -- 13.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers -- 13.2 Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 13.3 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers -- 13.4 Thermoplastic Polyether Block Polyamide Elastomers -- 13.5 Styrenic Butadiene Copolymer Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 13.6 Syndiotactic 1,2-Polybutadiene -- 13.7 Polysiloxane -- 14 - Renewable Resource and Biodegradable Polymers -- 14.1 Cellophane™ -- 14.2 Nitrocellulose -- 14.3 Cellulose Acetate -- 14.4 Cellulose Acetate Butyrate -- 14.5 Cellulose Acetate Propionate -- 14.6 Ethyl Cellulose -- 14.7 Polycaprolactone -- 14.8 Poly(Lactic Acid) -- 14.9 Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate -- 14.10 Polyglycolic Acid -- 15 - Multilayered Films. , 15.1 Prediction of Properties of Multilayered Films.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-813292-2
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin Heidelberg :
    UID:
    almahu_9949198597702882
    Format: XV, 464 p. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 1990.
    ISBN: 9783642757624
    Series Statement: Springer Series in Surface Sciences, 22
    Content: This volume contains review articles written by the invited speakers at the ninth International Summer Institute in Surface Science (ISISS 1989), held at the Uni­ versity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee in August of 1989. During the course of ISISS, invited speakers, all internationally recognized experts in the various fields of surface science, present tutorial review lectures. In addition, these experts are asked to write review articles on their lecture topic. Former ISISS speakers serve as advisors concerning the selection of speakers and lecture topics. Emphasis is given to those areas which have not been covered in depth by recent Summer Institutes, as well as to areas which have recently gained in significance and in which important progress has been made. Because of space limitations, no individual volume of Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces can possibly cover the whole area of modern surface science, or even give a complete survey of recent progress in this field. However, an attempt is made to present a balanced overview in the series as a whole. With its comprehensive literature references and extensive subject indices, this series has become a valuable resource for experts and students alike. The collected articles, which stress particularly the gas-solid interface, have been published under the following titles: Surface Science: Recent Progress and Perspectives, Crit. Rev. Solid State Sci.
    Note: 1. Reactivity of Surfaces -- 1.1 Chemisorbed Phases-Alterations of the Substrate Bonds -- 1.2 Chemical Transformation-Alteration of the Adsorbate Bonds -- 1.3 Nonlinear Dynamics in Surface Reactions -- 1.4 Conclusion -- References -- 2. New Mechanisms for the Activation and Desorption of Molecules at Surfaces -- 2.1 Translational Activation of CH4 -- 2.2 Collision Induced Dissociative Chemisorption and Collision Induced Desorption of CH4 -- 2.3 New Methods for Activation: New Syntheses -- References -- 3. Photochemistry at Adsorbate-Metal Interfaces: Intra-adsorbate Bond Breaking -- 3.1 General Considerations -- 3.2 Experimental Considerations -- 3.3 Examples -- 3.4 Prospects -- References -- 4. Desorption Induced by Electronic Transitions -- 4.1 Mechanisms of DIET -- 4.2 Experimental Procedures for Positive and Negative Ion ESDIAD -- 4.3 DIET Studies of a Model System: PF3 on Ru{0001} -- 4.4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 5. Transition Metal Clusters and Isolated Atoms in Zeolite Cages -- 5.1 Preparation of Encaged Particles -- 5.2 Thermodynamic "Driving Forces" Favoring Locations and Particle Morphology -- 5.3 Mechanisms of Metal Particle Formation -- 5.4 Identification of Isolated Atoms and Electron Deficient Particles -- 5.5 Formation of Bimetallic Particles -- 5.6 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 6. Studies of Bonding and Reaction on Metal Surfaces Using Second-Harmonic and Sum-Frequency Generation -- 6.1 Second-Harmonic Generation -- 6.2 Sum-Frequency Generation -- References -- 7. Surface Physics and Chemistry in High Electric Fields -- 7.1 Electric Fields at Metal Surfaces -- 7.2 Dispersion and Polarization Forces -- 7.3 Field-Induced Chemisorption -- 7.4 Field Evaporation -- 7.5 Thermal Field Desorption -- 7.6 Field-Induced Chemistry -- 7.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 8. Chaos in Surface Dynamics -- 8.1 Concepts in Chaos -- 8.2 Examples -- 8.3 Period Doubling -- 8.4 Hamiltonian Systems -- References -- 9. Ten Years of Low Energy Positron Diffraction -- 9.1 Low-Energy Electron Diffraction -- 9.2 The First LEPD Experiments (1979) -- 9.3 Brightness Enhancement -- 9.4 Surface Structure Determinations with Modern LEPD: CdSe{1010} and CdSe{1120} -- 9.5 Positron Diffraction at Very Low Energy -- 9.6 Conclusions -- References -- 10. Time-of-Flight Scattering and Recoiling Spectrometry (TOF-SARS) for Surface Analysis -- 10.1 Historical Review -- 10.2 Experimental Method -- 10.3 Examples of Experimental Results -- 10.4 Summary -- References -- 11. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Polarization Analysis: Studies of Magnetic Microstructure -- 11.1 Spin Polarization of Secondary Electrons -- 11.2 Experimental -- 11.3 SEMPA Measurement Examples -- 11.4 Summary and Future Directions -- References -- 12. Low Energy Electron Microscopy -- 12.1 Fundamentals of LEEM -- 12.2 LEEM Studies of Clean Surfaces -- 12.3 LEEM Studies of Surface Layers -- 12.4 Outlook -- 12.5 Summary -- References -- 13. Atomic Scale Surface Characterization with Photoemission of Adsorbed Xenon (PAX) -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Principles of the PAX-Technique -- 13.3 Selected Case Studies of Metallic Surfaces -- 13.4 Summary and Implications -- References -- 14. Theoretical Aspects of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy -- 14.1 General Tunneling Theory -- 14.2 STM Images and their Interpretation -- 14.3 Spectroscopy -- 14.4 Mechanical Interactions Between Tip and Sample -- 14.5 Conclusion -- References -- 15. Proximal Probes: Techniques for Measuring at the Nanometer Scale -- 15.1 Proximal Probes -- 15.2 Nanoscale Fabrication Using Proximal Probes -- 15.3 Conclusion -- References -- 16. Studying Surface Chemistry Atom-by-Atom Using the Scanning Tunneling Microscope -- 16.1 Topography and Spectroscopy with the STM -- 16.2 Imaging Semiconductor Surface Chemistry Atom-by-Atom Using the STM -- 16.3 The Structure of the Si{111}-7 × 7 Surface -- 16.4 Site-Selective Reactions of Si{111}-7 × 7 -- 16.5 Molecular Adsorption on Si{111}-7 × 7 -- 16.6 Reactions That Involve Extensive Atomic Rearrangements -- 16.7 Doping Effects on Silicon Surface Chemistry -- 16.8 Conclusions and Prospects for the Future -- References -- 17. Bonding and Structure on Semiconductor Surfaces -- 17.1 Basic Mechanism Driving Surface Reconstruction -- 17.2 The Geometric and Electronic Structures of GaAs{110} -- 17.3 The GaAs{111}(2 × 2) Surface Reconstruction -- 17.4 Structure of the Si{111}7 × 7 Surface -- 17.5 The Ge{111} c(2 × 8) Reconstruction -- 17.6 Summary -- References -- 18. Tribology at the Atomic Scale -- 18.1 Concepts in Classical Tribology -- 18.2 Experimental Approaches -- 18.3 Theoretical Descriptions of Tribology -- 18.4 Summary and Future Directions -- References -- of Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces IV (Springer Series in Chemical Physics, Vol. 20) -- of Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces V (Springer Series in Chemical Physics, Vol. 35) -- of Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces VI (Springer Series in Surface Sciences, Vol. 5) -- of Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces VII (Springer Series in Surface Sciences, Vol. 10).
    In: Springer Nature eBook
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783642757648
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783540526797
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783642757631
    Language: English
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