Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (526 pages).

Edition: Fourth edition.

ISBN: 0-12-813293-0

Series Statement: Plastics Design Library

Note: Includes index. , Front Cover -- FILM PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS -- Series Page -- FILM PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 - Introduction to Plastics and Polymers -- 1.1 Polymerization -- 1.1.1 Addition Polymerization -- 1.1.2 Condensation Polymerization -- 1.2 Copolymers -- 1.3 Linear, Branched, and Cross-linked Polymers -- 1.4 Polarity -- 1.5 Unsaturation -- 1.6 Steric Hindrance -- 1.7 Isomers -- 1.7.1 Structural Isomers -- 1.7.2 Geometric Isomers -- 1.7.3 Stereoisomers-Syndiotactic, Isotactic, Atactic -- 1.8 Inter- and Intramolecular Attractions in Polymers -- 1.8.1 Hydrogen Bonding -- 1.8.2 Van der Waals Forces -- 1.8.3 Chain Entanglement -- 1.9 General Classifications -- 1.9.1 Molecular Weight -- 1.9.2 Thermosets Versus Thermoplastics -- 1.9.3 Crystalline Versus Amorphous -- 1.9.4 Orientation -- 1.10 Plastic Compositions -- 1.10.1 Polymer Blends -- 1.10.2 Elastomers -- 1.10.3 Additives -- 1.10.3.1 Fillers, Reinforcement, Composites -- 1.10.3.2 Combustion Modifiers, Fire, Flame Retardants, and Smoke Suppressants -- 1.10.3.3 Release Agents -- 1.10.3.4 Slip Additives/Internal Lubricants -- 1.10.3.5 Antiblock Additives -- 1.10.3.6 Catalysts -- 1.10.3.7 Impact Modifiers and Tougheners -- 1.10.3.8 UV Stabilizers -- 1.10.3.9 Optical Brighteners -- 1.10.3.10 Plasticizers -- 1.10.3.11 Pigments, Extenders, Dyes, Mica -- 1.10.3.11.1 Titanium Dioxide -- 1.10.3.11.2 Carbon Black -- 1.10.3.12 Coupling Agents -- 1.10.3.13 Thermal Stabilizers -- 1.10.3.14 Antistatic and Conductivity -- 1.10.3.15 Antioxidants -- 1.10.3.16 Antifog Additives -- 1.10.3.17 Nucleating Agents/Clarifying Agents -- 1.10.3.18 Antimicrobials/Biocides -- 1.10.3.19 Oxygen Scavangers -- 1.10.3.20 Odor Absorbers -- 1.10.3.21 Desiccants -- 1.11 Polymer Nomenclature -- 1.12 Summary. , 2 - Introduction to the Mechanical, Thermal, and Permeation Properties of Plastics and Elastomer Films -- 2.1 Physical Property Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.1.1 Specific Gravity and Density -- 2.1.2 Dimensional Stability on Heating -- 2.1.3 Hygroscopic Expansion -- 2.1.4 Residual Shrinkage/Strain Relief -- 2.1.5 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion -- 2.1.6 Appearance: Color, Haze, and Gloss -- 2.1.6.1 Color -- 2.1.6.2 Gloss Measurement -- 2.1.6.3 Haze Measurement -- 2.1.7 Coefficient of Friction -- 2.2 Mechanical Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.2.1 Tensile Properties -- 2.2.2 Flexural Properties -- 2.2.3 Folding Endurance (MIT Flex Life Machine) -- 2.2.4 Puncture Properties -- 2.2.4.1 High-Speed Puncture Test -- 2.2.4.2 Drop Dart Impact Test for Plastics Film -- 2.2.4.3 Spencer Impact Test -- 2.2.5 Tear Properties -- 2.2.5.1 Elmendorf Tear Strength -- 2.2.5.2 Trouser Tear Resistance -- 2.3 Thermal Property Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.3.1 Melt Flow Index -- 2.3.2 Melting Point, Tm -- 2.3.3 Glass Transition Temperature, Tg -- 2.3.4 Other Thermal Tests -- 2.4 Electrical Properties of Films -- 2.4.1 Dielectric Constant (or Relative Permittivity) -- 2.4.2 Dissipation Factor -- 2.4.3 Dielectric Strength -- 2.4.4 Surface Resistivity -- 2.4.5 Volume Resistivity -- 2.5 Permeation of Films -- 2.5.1 History -- 2.5.2 Transport of Gases and Vapors Though Solid Materials -- 2.5.3 Effusion -- 2.5.4 Solution-Diffusion and Pore-Flow Models -- 2.5.4.1 Non-Fickian Diffusion -- 2.5.4.2 Dependence of Permeability, Diffusion, and Solubility Pressure -- 2.5.4.3 Dependence of Permeability, Diffusion, and Solubility on Temperature-The Arrhenius Equation -- 2.5.5 Multiple-layered Films -- 2.5.6 Permeation and Vapor Transmission Testing -- 2.5.6.1 Units of Measurement -- 2.5.6.2 Gas Permeation Test Cells -- 2.5.6.3 Vapor Permeation Cup Testing. , 2.5.6.4 Mass Spectrometry and Calibrated Standard Gas Leaks -- 2.5.6.5 Standard Tests for Permeation and Vapor Transmission -- 3 - Production of Films -- 3.1 Extrusion -- 3.2 Blown Film -- 3.3 Calendering -- 3.4 Casting Film Lines -- 3.5 Post-Film Formation Processing -- 3.6 Web Coating -- 3.6.1 Gravure Coating -- 3.6.2 Reverse Roll Coating -- 3.6.3 Knife on Roll Coating -- 3.6.4 Metering Rod (Meyer Rod) Coating -- 3.6.5 Slot Die (Slot, Extrusion) Coating -- 3.6.6 Immersion (Dip) Coating -- 3.6.7 Vacuum Deposition -- 3.6.8 Web Coating Process Summary -- 3.7 Lamination -- 3.7.1 Hot Roll/Belt Lamination -- 3.7.2 Flame Lamination -- 3.8 Orientation -- 3.8.1 Machine Direction Orientation -- 3.8.2 Biaxial Orientation -- 3.8.3 Blown Film Orientation -- 3.9 Skiving -- 3.10 Coatings -- 3.11 Summary -- 4 - Uses of Barrier Films -- 4.1 Barrier Films in Packaging -- 4.1.1 Water Vapor -- 4.1.2 Atmospheric Gases -- 4.1.3 Odors and Flavors -- 4.2 Markets and Applications of Barrier Films -- 4.3 EVAL™ Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer-Based Multiple Layered Films and Their Applications -- 4.4 Some Illustrated Applications of Multiple Layered Films -- 5 - Styrenic Plastics -- 5.1 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer -- 5.2 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate -- 5.3 Polystyrene -- 5.4 Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer -- 5.5 Styrenic Block Copolymers -- 6 - Polyesters -- 6.1 Polycarbonate -- 6.2 Polybutylene Terephthalate -- 6.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate -- 6.3.1 DuPont™ Teijin Films™ -- 6.3.2 Mitsubishi Polyester Film Hostaphan® -- 6.3.3 Toray Industries Lumirror® -- 6.3.4 Generic -- 6.4 Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 6.5 Polycyclohexylene-Dimethylene Terephthalate -- 6.6 Polyethylene Naphthalate -- 6.7 Copolyesters -- 7 - Polyimides -- 7.1 Polyamide-Imide -- 7.2 Polyetherimide -- 7.3 Polyimide -- 7.3.1 DuPont™ Kapton® -- 7.3.2 UBE Industries Upilex® Polyimide Films. , 7.3.3 Saint-Gobain Norton -- 7.4 Thermoplastic Polyimide -- 8 - Polyamides (Nylons) -- 8.1 Polyamide 6 (Nylon 6) -- 8.1.1 Honeywell -- 8.1.2 EMS Grivory -- 8.1.3 UBE -- 8.1.4 Generic Nylon 6 -- 8.2 Polyamide 11 (Nylon 11) -- 8.3 Polyamide 12 (Nylon 12) -- 8.4 Polyamide 66 (Nylon 66) -- 8.5 Polyamide 610 (Nylon 610) -- 8.6 Polyamide 66/610 (Nylon 66/610) -- 8.7 Polyamide 6/12 (Nylon 6/12) -- 8.8 Polyamide 666 (Nylon 666 or 6/66) -- 8.9 Polyamide 6/69 (Nylon 6/6.9) -- 8.10 Polyamide 1010 (Nylon 1010) -- 8.11 Polyamide 1012 (Nylon 1012) -- 8.12 Amorphous Polyamides -- 8.13 Nylon PACM-12 -- 8.14 Polyarylamide -- 9 - Polyolefins -- 9.1 Polyethylene -- 9.1.1 Unclassified Polyethylene -- 9.1.2 Ultralow-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.3 Linear Low-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.4 Low-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.5 Medium-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.6 High-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.6.1 LyondellBasell -- 9.1.6.2 Equistar Chemicals -- 9.1.6.3 ExxonMobil™ -- 9.1.6.4 NOVA Chemicals High-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.7 Metallocene Polyethylene -- 9.1.8 Enhanced Polyethylene -- 9.2 Polypropylene -- 9.3 Polybutadiene -- 9.4 Polymethyl Pentene -- 9.5 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer -- 9.6 Plastomer -- 10 - Polyvinyls and Acrylics -- 10.1 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer -- 10.1.1 DuPont™ Elvax® -- 10.1.2 Arkema Evatane® -- 10.1.3 LyondellBasell Ultrathene Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers -- 10.2 Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer -- 10.2.1 Kuraray EVAL™ -- 10.2.2 Nippon Gohsei Soarnol® -- 10.3 Polyvinyl Alcohol -- 10.4 Polyvinyl Chloride -- 10.5 Polyvinylidene Chloride -- 10.6 Polyacrylics -- 10.7 Acrylonitrile-Methyl Acrylate Copolymer -- 10.8 Ionomers -- 10.8.1 DuPont™ Surlyn® -- 10.8.2 ExxonMobil Chemical Iotek™ Ionomer Films -- 11 - Fluoropolymers -- 11.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 11.2 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.2.1 Chemours Teflon® Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene. , 11.2.2 Daikin Neoflon™ Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.2.3 Generic/Unspecified Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.3 Perfluoroalkoxy -- 11.3.1 PFA -- 11.3.2 Perfluoromethoxy -- 11.4 Hexafluoropropylene, Tetrafluoroethylene, Ethylene Terpolymer -- 11.5 Tetrafluoroethylene, Hexafluoropropylene, Vinylidene Fluoride Terpolymer™ -- 11.6 Amorphous Fluoropolymer-Teflon AF® -- 11.7 Polyvinyl Fluoride -- 11.7.1 DuPont Tedlar® -- 11.8 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene -- 11.8.1 Honeywell Aclar® PCTFE Film -- 11.8.2 Daikin Industries Neoflon® PCTFE Film -- 11.8.3 Arkema Voltalef® PCTFE Film -- 11.9 Polyvinylidene Fluoride -- 11.10 Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.10.1 Chemours Tefzel® -- 11.10.2 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Norton® ETFE -- 11.10.3 Asahi Glass Fluon® -- 11.10.4 Generic Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.11 Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.12 Summary -- 12 - High-Temperature/High-Performance Polymers -- 12.1 Polyaryletherketones -- 12.2 Polyphenylene Sulfide -- 12.3 Polysulfone -- 12.4 Polyethersulfone -- 12.5 Polybenzimidazole -- 12.6 Parylene (Poly(p-Xylylene)) -- 12.7 Polyphenylene Sulfone -- 13 - Elastomers and Rubbers -- 13.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers -- 13.2 Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 13.3 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers -- 13.4 Thermoplastic Polyether Block Polyamide Elastomers -- 13.5 Styrenic Butadiene Copolymer Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 13.6 Syndiotactic 1,2-Polybutadiene -- 13.7 Polysiloxane -- 14 - Renewable Resource and Biodegradable Polymers -- 14.1 Cellophane™ -- 14.2 Nitrocellulose -- 14.3 Cellulose Acetate -- 14.4 Cellulose Acetate Butyrate -- 14.5 Cellulose Acetate Propionate -- 14.6 Ethyl Cellulose -- 14.7 Polycaprolactone -- 14.8 Poly(Lactic Acid) -- 14.9 Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate -- 14.10 Polyglycolic Acid -- 15 - Multilayered Films. , 15.1 Prediction of Properties of Multilayered Films.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-813292-2

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (407 p.)

Edition: 3rd ed.

ISBN: 1-283-73497-4 , 1-4557-2801-2

Series Statement: PDL handbook series

Content: Now in its 3e, Film Properties of Plastics and Elastomers, has been extensively revised. This is the only data handbook available on the engineering properties of commercial polymeric films. It details many physical, mechanical, optical, electrical, and permeation properties within the context of specific test parameters, providing a ready reference for comparing materials in the same family as well as materials in different families. Data is presented on the characteristics of 47 major plastic and elastomer packaging materials. New to this edition, the resin chapters each contain te

Note: At head of title: Plastics Design Library. , Front Cover; Series Page; Film Properties of Plastics and Elastomers; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Chapter 1 - Introduction to Plastics and Polymers; 1.1 Polymerization; 1.2 Copolymers; 1.3 Linear, Branched and Crosslinked Polymers; 1.4 Polarity; 1.5 Unsaturation; 1.6 Steric Hindrance; 1.7 Isomers; 1.8 Inter and Intra Molecular Attractions in Polymers; 1.9 General Classifications; 1.10 Plastic Compositions; 1.11 Summary; References; Chapter 2 - Introduction to the Properties of Plastic and Elastomer Films; 2.1 Physical Property Testing of Plastic Films , 2.2 Mechanical Testing of Plastic Films2.3 Thermal Property Testing of Plastic Films; 2.4 Electrical Properties of Films; 2.5 Permeation of Films; References; Chapter 3 - Production of Films; 3.1 Extrusion; 3.2 Blown Film; 3.3 Calendering; 3.4 Casting Film Lines; 3.5 Post Film Formation Processing; 3.6 Web Coating; 3.7 Lamination; 3.8 Orientation; 3.9 Skiving8; 3.10 Coatings; 3.11 Summary; References; Chapter 4 - Uses of Barrier Films; 4.1 Barrier Films in Packaging; Chapter 5 - Styrenic Plastics; 5.1 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer; 5.2 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate , 5.3 Polystyrene5.4 Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer; References; Chapter 6 - Polyesters; 6.1 Liquid Crystalline Polymers; 6.2 Polybutylene Terephthalate; 6.3 Polycarbonate; 6.4 Polycyclohexylene-dimethylene Terephthalate; 6.5 Polyethylene Naphthalate; 6.6 Polyethylene Terephthalate; References; Chapter 7 - Polyimides; 7.1 Polyamide-Imide; 7.2 Polyetherimide; 7.3 Polyimide; References; Chapter 8 - Polyamides (Nylons); 8.1 Polyamide 6 (Nylon 6); 8.2 Polyamide 12 (Nylon 12); 8.3 Polyamide 66 (Nylon 66); 8.4 Polyamide 66/610 (Nylon 66/610); 8.5 Polyamide 6/12 (Nylon 6/12) , 8.6 Polyamide 666 (Nylon 666 or 6/66)8.7 Polyamide 6/69 (Nylon 6/69); 8.8 Nylon 1010; 8.9 Specialty Polyamides; References; Chapter 9 - Polyolefins; 9.1 Polyethylene; 9.2 Polypropylene; 9.3 Polybutene-1; 9.4 Polymethyl Pentene; 9.5 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer; 9.6 Plastomer; References; Chapter 10 - Polyvinyls and Acrylics; 10.1 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer; 10.2 Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer; 10.3 Polyvinyl Alcohol; 10.4 Polyvinyl Chloride; 10.5 Polyvinylidene Chloride; 10.6 Polyacrylics; 10.7 Acrylonitrile-Methyl Acrylate Copolymer; 10.8 Ionomers; References; Chapter 11 - Fluoropolymers , 11.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene11.2 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene; 11.3 Perfluoroalkoxy; 11.4 Amorphous Fluoropolymer-Teflon AF®; 11.5 Polyvinyl Fluoride; 11.6 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene; 11.7 Polyvinylidene Fluoride; 11.8 Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer; 11.9 Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer; References; Chapter 12 - High Temperature/High Performance Polymers; 12.1 Polyetheretherketone; 12.2 Polysiloxane; 12.3 Polyphenylene Sulfide; 12.4 Polysulfone; 12.5 Polyethersulfone; 12.6 Polybenzimidazole; 12.7 Parylene (poly(p-xylylene)); 12.8 Polyphenylene Sulfone; References , Chapter 13 - Elastomers and Rubbers , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4557-2551-X

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (526 pages).

Edition: Fourth edition.

ISBN: 0-12-813293-0

Series Statement: Plastics Design Library

Note: Includes index. , Front Cover -- FILM PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS -- Series Page -- FILM PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 - Introduction to Plastics and Polymers -- 1.1 Polymerization -- 1.1.1 Addition Polymerization -- 1.1.2 Condensation Polymerization -- 1.2 Copolymers -- 1.3 Linear, Branched, and Cross-linked Polymers -- 1.4 Polarity -- 1.5 Unsaturation -- 1.6 Steric Hindrance -- 1.7 Isomers -- 1.7.1 Structural Isomers -- 1.7.2 Geometric Isomers -- 1.7.3 Stereoisomers-Syndiotactic, Isotactic, Atactic -- 1.8 Inter- and Intramolecular Attractions in Polymers -- 1.8.1 Hydrogen Bonding -- 1.8.2 Van der Waals Forces -- 1.8.3 Chain Entanglement -- 1.9 General Classifications -- 1.9.1 Molecular Weight -- 1.9.2 Thermosets Versus Thermoplastics -- 1.9.3 Crystalline Versus Amorphous -- 1.9.4 Orientation -- 1.10 Plastic Compositions -- 1.10.1 Polymer Blends -- 1.10.2 Elastomers -- 1.10.3 Additives -- 1.10.3.1 Fillers, Reinforcement, Composites -- 1.10.3.2 Combustion Modifiers, Fire, Flame Retardants, and Smoke Suppressants -- 1.10.3.3 Release Agents -- 1.10.3.4 Slip Additives/Internal Lubricants -- 1.10.3.5 Antiblock Additives -- 1.10.3.6 Catalysts -- 1.10.3.7 Impact Modifiers and Tougheners -- 1.10.3.8 UV Stabilizers -- 1.10.3.9 Optical Brighteners -- 1.10.3.10 Plasticizers -- 1.10.3.11 Pigments, Extenders, Dyes, Mica -- 1.10.3.11.1 Titanium Dioxide -- 1.10.3.11.2 Carbon Black -- 1.10.3.12 Coupling Agents -- 1.10.3.13 Thermal Stabilizers -- 1.10.3.14 Antistatic and Conductivity -- 1.10.3.15 Antioxidants -- 1.10.3.16 Antifog Additives -- 1.10.3.17 Nucleating Agents/Clarifying Agents -- 1.10.3.18 Antimicrobials/Biocides -- 1.10.3.19 Oxygen Scavangers -- 1.10.3.20 Odor Absorbers -- 1.10.3.21 Desiccants -- 1.11 Polymer Nomenclature -- 1.12 Summary. , 2 - Introduction to the Mechanical, Thermal, and Permeation Properties of Plastics and Elastomer Films -- 2.1 Physical Property Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.1.1 Specific Gravity and Density -- 2.1.2 Dimensional Stability on Heating -- 2.1.3 Hygroscopic Expansion -- 2.1.4 Residual Shrinkage/Strain Relief -- 2.1.5 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion -- 2.1.6 Appearance: Color, Haze, and Gloss -- 2.1.6.1 Color -- 2.1.6.2 Gloss Measurement -- 2.1.6.3 Haze Measurement -- 2.1.7 Coefficient of Friction -- 2.2 Mechanical Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.2.1 Tensile Properties -- 2.2.2 Flexural Properties -- 2.2.3 Folding Endurance (MIT Flex Life Machine) -- 2.2.4 Puncture Properties -- 2.2.4.1 High-Speed Puncture Test -- 2.2.4.2 Drop Dart Impact Test for Plastics Film -- 2.2.4.3 Spencer Impact Test -- 2.2.5 Tear Properties -- 2.2.5.1 Elmendorf Tear Strength -- 2.2.5.2 Trouser Tear Resistance -- 2.3 Thermal Property Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.3.1 Melt Flow Index -- 2.3.2 Melting Point, Tm -- 2.3.3 Glass Transition Temperature, Tg -- 2.3.4 Other Thermal Tests -- 2.4 Electrical Properties of Films -- 2.4.1 Dielectric Constant (or Relative Permittivity) -- 2.4.2 Dissipation Factor -- 2.4.3 Dielectric Strength -- 2.4.4 Surface Resistivity -- 2.4.5 Volume Resistivity -- 2.5 Permeation of Films -- 2.5.1 History -- 2.5.2 Transport of Gases and Vapors Though Solid Materials -- 2.5.3 Effusion -- 2.5.4 Solution-Diffusion and Pore-Flow Models -- 2.5.4.1 Non-Fickian Diffusion -- 2.5.4.2 Dependence of Permeability, Diffusion, and Solubility Pressure -- 2.5.4.3 Dependence of Permeability, Diffusion, and Solubility on Temperature-The Arrhenius Equation -- 2.5.5 Multiple-layered Films -- 2.5.6 Permeation and Vapor Transmission Testing -- 2.5.6.1 Units of Measurement -- 2.5.6.2 Gas Permeation Test Cells -- 2.5.6.3 Vapor Permeation Cup Testing. , 2.5.6.4 Mass Spectrometry and Calibrated Standard Gas Leaks -- 2.5.6.5 Standard Tests for Permeation and Vapor Transmission -- 3 - Production of Films -- 3.1 Extrusion -- 3.2 Blown Film -- 3.3 Calendering -- 3.4 Casting Film Lines -- 3.5 Post-Film Formation Processing -- 3.6 Web Coating -- 3.6.1 Gravure Coating -- 3.6.2 Reverse Roll Coating -- 3.6.3 Knife on Roll Coating -- 3.6.4 Metering Rod (Meyer Rod) Coating -- 3.6.5 Slot Die (Slot, Extrusion) Coating -- 3.6.6 Immersion (Dip) Coating -- 3.6.7 Vacuum Deposition -- 3.6.8 Web Coating Process Summary -- 3.7 Lamination -- 3.7.1 Hot Roll/Belt Lamination -- 3.7.2 Flame Lamination -- 3.8 Orientation -- 3.8.1 Machine Direction Orientation -- 3.8.2 Biaxial Orientation -- 3.8.3 Blown Film Orientation -- 3.9 Skiving -- 3.10 Coatings -- 3.11 Summary -- 4 - Uses of Barrier Films -- 4.1 Barrier Films in Packaging -- 4.1.1 Water Vapor -- 4.1.2 Atmospheric Gases -- 4.1.3 Odors and Flavors -- 4.2 Markets and Applications of Barrier Films -- 4.3 EVAL™ Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer-Based Multiple Layered Films and Their Applications -- 4.4 Some Illustrated Applications of Multiple Layered Films -- 5 - Styrenic Plastics -- 5.1 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer -- 5.2 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate -- 5.3 Polystyrene -- 5.4 Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer -- 5.5 Styrenic Block Copolymers -- 6 - Polyesters -- 6.1 Polycarbonate -- 6.2 Polybutylene Terephthalate -- 6.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate -- 6.3.1 DuPont™ Teijin Films™ -- 6.3.2 Mitsubishi Polyester Film Hostaphan® -- 6.3.3 Toray Industries Lumirror® -- 6.3.4 Generic -- 6.4 Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 6.5 Polycyclohexylene-Dimethylene Terephthalate -- 6.6 Polyethylene Naphthalate -- 6.7 Copolyesters -- 7 - Polyimides -- 7.1 Polyamide-Imide -- 7.2 Polyetherimide -- 7.3 Polyimide -- 7.3.1 DuPont™ Kapton® -- 7.3.2 UBE Industries Upilex® Polyimide Films. , 7.3.3 Saint-Gobain Norton -- 7.4 Thermoplastic Polyimide -- 8 - Polyamides (Nylons) -- 8.1 Polyamide 6 (Nylon 6) -- 8.1.1 Honeywell -- 8.1.2 EMS Grivory -- 8.1.3 UBE -- 8.1.4 Generic Nylon 6 -- 8.2 Polyamide 11 (Nylon 11) -- 8.3 Polyamide 12 (Nylon 12) -- 8.4 Polyamide 66 (Nylon 66) -- 8.5 Polyamide 610 (Nylon 610) -- 8.6 Polyamide 66/610 (Nylon 66/610) -- 8.7 Polyamide 6/12 (Nylon 6/12) -- 8.8 Polyamide 666 (Nylon 666 or 6/66) -- 8.9 Polyamide 6/69 (Nylon 6/6.9) -- 8.10 Polyamide 1010 (Nylon 1010) -- 8.11 Polyamide 1012 (Nylon 1012) -- 8.12 Amorphous Polyamides -- 8.13 Nylon PACM-12 -- 8.14 Polyarylamide -- 9 - Polyolefins -- 9.1 Polyethylene -- 9.1.1 Unclassified Polyethylene -- 9.1.2 Ultralow-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.3 Linear Low-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.4 Low-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.5 Medium-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.6 High-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.6.1 LyondellBasell -- 9.1.6.2 Equistar Chemicals -- 9.1.6.3 ExxonMobil™ -- 9.1.6.4 NOVA Chemicals High-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.7 Metallocene Polyethylene -- 9.1.8 Enhanced Polyethylene -- 9.2 Polypropylene -- 9.3 Polybutadiene -- 9.4 Polymethyl Pentene -- 9.5 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer -- 9.6 Plastomer -- 10 - Polyvinyls and Acrylics -- 10.1 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer -- 10.1.1 DuPont™ Elvax® -- 10.1.2 Arkema Evatane® -- 10.1.3 LyondellBasell Ultrathene Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers -- 10.2 Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer -- 10.2.1 Kuraray EVAL™ -- 10.2.2 Nippon Gohsei Soarnol® -- 10.3 Polyvinyl Alcohol -- 10.4 Polyvinyl Chloride -- 10.5 Polyvinylidene Chloride -- 10.6 Polyacrylics -- 10.7 Acrylonitrile-Methyl Acrylate Copolymer -- 10.8 Ionomers -- 10.8.1 DuPont™ Surlyn® -- 10.8.2 ExxonMobil Chemical Iotek™ Ionomer Films -- 11 - Fluoropolymers -- 11.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 11.2 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.2.1 Chemours Teflon® Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene. , 11.2.2 Daikin Neoflon™ Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.2.3 Generic/Unspecified Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.3 Perfluoroalkoxy -- 11.3.1 PFA -- 11.3.2 Perfluoromethoxy -- 11.4 Hexafluoropropylene, Tetrafluoroethylene, Ethylene Terpolymer -- 11.5 Tetrafluoroethylene, Hexafluoropropylene, Vinylidene Fluoride Terpolymer™ -- 11.6 Amorphous Fluoropolymer-Teflon AF® -- 11.7 Polyvinyl Fluoride -- 11.7.1 DuPont Tedlar® -- 11.8 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene -- 11.8.1 Honeywell Aclar® PCTFE Film -- 11.8.2 Daikin Industries Neoflon® PCTFE Film -- 11.8.3 Arkema Voltalef® PCTFE Film -- 11.9 Polyvinylidene Fluoride -- 11.10 Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.10.1 Chemours Tefzel® -- 11.10.2 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Norton® ETFE -- 11.10.3 Asahi Glass Fluon® -- 11.10.4 Generic Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.11 Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.12 Summary -- 12 - High-Temperature/High-Performance Polymers -- 12.1 Polyaryletherketones -- 12.2 Polyphenylene Sulfide -- 12.3 Polysulfone -- 12.4 Polyethersulfone -- 12.5 Polybenzimidazole -- 12.6 Parylene (Poly(p-Xylylene)) -- 12.7 Polyphenylene Sulfone -- 13 - Elastomers and Rubbers -- 13.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers -- 13.2 Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 13.3 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers -- 13.4 Thermoplastic Polyether Block Polyamide Elastomers -- 13.5 Styrenic Butadiene Copolymer Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 13.6 Syndiotactic 1,2-Polybutadiene -- 13.7 Polysiloxane -- 14 - Renewable Resource and Biodegradable Polymers -- 14.1 Cellophane™ -- 14.2 Nitrocellulose -- 14.3 Cellulose Acetate -- 14.4 Cellulose Acetate Butyrate -- 14.5 Cellulose Acetate Propionate -- 14.6 Ethyl Cellulose -- 14.7 Polycaprolactone -- 14.8 Poly(Lactic Acid) -- 14.9 Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate -- 14.10 Polyglycolic Acid -- 15 - Multilayered Films. , 15.1 Prediction of Properties of Multilayered Films.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-813292-2

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (526 pages).

Edition: Fourth edition.

ISBN: 0-12-813293-0

Series Statement: Plastics Design Library

Note: Includes index. , Front Cover -- FILM PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS -- Series Page -- FILM PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 - Introduction to Plastics and Polymers -- 1.1 Polymerization -- 1.1.1 Addition Polymerization -- 1.1.2 Condensation Polymerization -- 1.2 Copolymers -- 1.3 Linear, Branched, and Cross-linked Polymers -- 1.4 Polarity -- 1.5 Unsaturation -- 1.6 Steric Hindrance -- 1.7 Isomers -- 1.7.1 Structural Isomers -- 1.7.2 Geometric Isomers -- 1.7.3 Stereoisomers-Syndiotactic, Isotactic, Atactic -- 1.8 Inter- and Intramolecular Attractions in Polymers -- 1.8.1 Hydrogen Bonding -- 1.8.2 Van der Waals Forces -- 1.8.3 Chain Entanglement -- 1.9 General Classifications -- 1.9.1 Molecular Weight -- 1.9.2 Thermosets Versus Thermoplastics -- 1.9.3 Crystalline Versus Amorphous -- 1.9.4 Orientation -- 1.10 Plastic Compositions -- 1.10.1 Polymer Blends -- 1.10.2 Elastomers -- 1.10.3 Additives -- 1.10.3.1 Fillers, Reinforcement, Composites -- 1.10.3.2 Combustion Modifiers, Fire, Flame Retardants, and Smoke Suppressants -- 1.10.3.3 Release Agents -- 1.10.3.4 Slip Additives/Internal Lubricants -- 1.10.3.5 Antiblock Additives -- 1.10.3.6 Catalysts -- 1.10.3.7 Impact Modifiers and Tougheners -- 1.10.3.8 UV Stabilizers -- 1.10.3.9 Optical Brighteners -- 1.10.3.10 Plasticizers -- 1.10.3.11 Pigments, Extenders, Dyes, Mica -- 1.10.3.11.1 Titanium Dioxide -- 1.10.3.11.2 Carbon Black -- 1.10.3.12 Coupling Agents -- 1.10.3.13 Thermal Stabilizers -- 1.10.3.14 Antistatic and Conductivity -- 1.10.3.15 Antioxidants -- 1.10.3.16 Antifog Additives -- 1.10.3.17 Nucleating Agents/Clarifying Agents -- 1.10.3.18 Antimicrobials/Biocides -- 1.10.3.19 Oxygen Scavangers -- 1.10.3.20 Odor Absorbers -- 1.10.3.21 Desiccants -- 1.11 Polymer Nomenclature -- 1.12 Summary. , 2 - Introduction to the Mechanical, Thermal, and Permeation Properties of Plastics and Elastomer Films -- 2.1 Physical Property Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.1.1 Specific Gravity and Density -- 2.1.2 Dimensional Stability on Heating -- 2.1.3 Hygroscopic Expansion -- 2.1.4 Residual Shrinkage/Strain Relief -- 2.1.5 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion -- 2.1.6 Appearance: Color, Haze, and Gloss -- 2.1.6.1 Color -- 2.1.6.2 Gloss Measurement -- 2.1.6.3 Haze Measurement -- 2.1.7 Coefficient of Friction -- 2.2 Mechanical Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.2.1 Tensile Properties -- 2.2.2 Flexural Properties -- 2.2.3 Folding Endurance (MIT Flex Life Machine) -- 2.2.4 Puncture Properties -- 2.2.4.1 High-Speed Puncture Test -- 2.2.4.2 Drop Dart Impact Test for Plastics Film -- 2.2.4.3 Spencer Impact Test -- 2.2.5 Tear Properties -- 2.2.5.1 Elmendorf Tear Strength -- 2.2.5.2 Trouser Tear Resistance -- 2.3 Thermal Property Testing of Plastic Films -- 2.3.1 Melt Flow Index -- 2.3.2 Melting Point, Tm -- 2.3.3 Glass Transition Temperature, Tg -- 2.3.4 Other Thermal Tests -- 2.4 Electrical Properties of Films -- 2.4.1 Dielectric Constant (or Relative Permittivity) -- 2.4.2 Dissipation Factor -- 2.4.3 Dielectric Strength -- 2.4.4 Surface Resistivity -- 2.4.5 Volume Resistivity -- 2.5 Permeation of Films -- 2.5.1 History -- 2.5.2 Transport of Gases and Vapors Though Solid Materials -- 2.5.3 Effusion -- 2.5.4 Solution-Diffusion and Pore-Flow Models -- 2.5.4.1 Non-Fickian Diffusion -- 2.5.4.2 Dependence of Permeability, Diffusion, and Solubility Pressure -- 2.5.4.3 Dependence of Permeability, Diffusion, and Solubility on Temperature-The Arrhenius Equation -- 2.5.5 Multiple-layered Films -- 2.5.6 Permeation and Vapor Transmission Testing -- 2.5.6.1 Units of Measurement -- 2.5.6.2 Gas Permeation Test Cells -- 2.5.6.3 Vapor Permeation Cup Testing. , 2.5.6.4 Mass Spectrometry and Calibrated Standard Gas Leaks -- 2.5.6.5 Standard Tests for Permeation and Vapor Transmission -- 3 - Production of Films -- 3.1 Extrusion -- 3.2 Blown Film -- 3.3 Calendering -- 3.4 Casting Film Lines -- 3.5 Post-Film Formation Processing -- 3.6 Web Coating -- 3.6.1 Gravure Coating -- 3.6.2 Reverse Roll Coating -- 3.6.3 Knife on Roll Coating -- 3.6.4 Metering Rod (Meyer Rod) Coating -- 3.6.5 Slot Die (Slot, Extrusion) Coating -- 3.6.6 Immersion (Dip) Coating -- 3.6.7 Vacuum Deposition -- 3.6.8 Web Coating Process Summary -- 3.7 Lamination -- 3.7.1 Hot Roll/Belt Lamination -- 3.7.2 Flame Lamination -- 3.8 Orientation -- 3.8.1 Machine Direction Orientation -- 3.8.2 Biaxial Orientation -- 3.8.3 Blown Film Orientation -- 3.9 Skiving -- 3.10 Coatings -- 3.11 Summary -- 4 - Uses of Barrier Films -- 4.1 Barrier Films in Packaging -- 4.1.1 Water Vapor -- 4.1.2 Atmospheric Gases -- 4.1.3 Odors and Flavors -- 4.2 Markets and Applications of Barrier Films -- 4.3 EVAL™ Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer-Based Multiple Layered Films and Their Applications -- 4.4 Some Illustrated Applications of Multiple Layered Films -- 5 - Styrenic Plastics -- 5.1 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer -- 5.2 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate -- 5.3 Polystyrene -- 5.4 Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer -- 5.5 Styrenic Block Copolymers -- 6 - Polyesters -- 6.1 Polycarbonate -- 6.2 Polybutylene Terephthalate -- 6.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate -- 6.3.1 DuPont™ Teijin Films™ -- 6.3.2 Mitsubishi Polyester Film Hostaphan® -- 6.3.3 Toray Industries Lumirror® -- 6.3.4 Generic -- 6.4 Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 6.5 Polycyclohexylene-Dimethylene Terephthalate -- 6.6 Polyethylene Naphthalate -- 6.7 Copolyesters -- 7 - Polyimides -- 7.1 Polyamide-Imide -- 7.2 Polyetherimide -- 7.3 Polyimide -- 7.3.1 DuPont™ Kapton® -- 7.3.2 UBE Industries Upilex® Polyimide Films. , 7.3.3 Saint-Gobain Norton -- 7.4 Thermoplastic Polyimide -- 8 - Polyamides (Nylons) -- 8.1 Polyamide 6 (Nylon 6) -- 8.1.1 Honeywell -- 8.1.2 EMS Grivory -- 8.1.3 UBE -- 8.1.4 Generic Nylon 6 -- 8.2 Polyamide 11 (Nylon 11) -- 8.3 Polyamide 12 (Nylon 12) -- 8.4 Polyamide 66 (Nylon 66) -- 8.5 Polyamide 610 (Nylon 610) -- 8.6 Polyamide 66/610 (Nylon 66/610) -- 8.7 Polyamide 6/12 (Nylon 6/12) -- 8.8 Polyamide 666 (Nylon 666 or 6/66) -- 8.9 Polyamide 6/69 (Nylon 6/6.9) -- 8.10 Polyamide 1010 (Nylon 1010) -- 8.11 Polyamide 1012 (Nylon 1012) -- 8.12 Amorphous Polyamides -- 8.13 Nylon PACM-12 -- 8.14 Polyarylamide -- 9 - Polyolefins -- 9.1 Polyethylene -- 9.1.1 Unclassified Polyethylene -- 9.1.2 Ultralow-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.3 Linear Low-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.4 Low-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.5 Medium-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.6 High-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.6.1 LyondellBasell -- 9.1.6.2 Equistar Chemicals -- 9.1.6.3 ExxonMobil™ -- 9.1.6.4 NOVA Chemicals High-Density Polyethylene -- 9.1.7 Metallocene Polyethylene -- 9.1.8 Enhanced Polyethylene -- 9.2 Polypropylene -- 9.3 Polybutadiene -- 9.4 Polymethyl Pentene -- 9.5 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer -- 9.6 Plastomer -- 10 - Polyvinyls and Acrylics -- 10.1 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer -- 10.1.1 DuPont™ Elvax® -- 10.1.2 Arkema Evatane® -- 10.1.3 LyondellBasell Ultrathene Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers -- 10.2 Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer -- 10.2.1 Kuraray EVAL™ -- 10.2.2 Nippon Gohsei Soarnol® -- 10.3 Polyvinyl Alcohol -- 10.4 Polyvinyl Chloride -- 10.5 Polyvinylidene Chloride -- 10.6 Polyacrylics -- 10.7 Acrylonitrile-Methyl Acrylate Copolymer -- 10.8 Ionomers -- 10.8.1 DuPont™ Surlyn® -- 10.8.2 ExxonMobil Chemical Iotek™ Ionomer Films -- 11 - Fluoropolymers -- 11.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 11.2 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.2.1 Chemours Teflon® Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene. , 11.2.2 Daikin Neoflon™ Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.2.3 Generic/Unspecified Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene -- 11.3 Perfluoroalkoxy -- 11.3.1 PFA -- 11.3.2 Perfluoromethoxy -- 11.4 Hexafluoropropylene, Tetrafluoroethylene, Ethylene Terpolymer -- 11.5 Tetrafluoroethylene, Hexafluoropropylene, Vinylidene Fluoride Terpolymer™ -- 11.6 Amorphous Fluoropolymer-Teflon AF® -- 11.7 Polyvinyl Fluoride -- 11.7.1 DuPont Tedlar® -- 11.8 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene -- 11.8.1 Honeywell Aclar® PCTFE Film -- 11.8.2 Daikin Industries Neoflon® PCTFE Film -- 11.8.3 Arkema Voltalef® PCTFE Film -- 11.9 Polyvinylidene Fluoride -- 11.10 Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.10.1 Chemours Tefzel® -- 11.10.2 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Norton® ETFE -- 11.10.3 Asahi Glass Fluon® -- 11.10.4 Generic Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.11 Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer -- 11.12 Summary -- 12 - High-Temperature/High-Performance Polymers -- 12.1 Polyaryletherketones -- 12.2 Polyphenylene Sulfide -- 12.3 Polysulfone -- 12.4 Polyethersulfone -- 12.5 Polybenzimidazole -- 12.6 Parylene (Poly(p-Xylylene)) -- 12.7 Polyphenylene Sulfone -- 13 - Elastomers and Rubbers -- 13.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers -- 13.2 Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 13.3 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers -- 13.4 Thermoplastic Polyether Block Polyamide Elastomers -- 13.5 Styrenic Butadiene Copolymer Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 13.6 Syndiotactic 1,2-Polybutadiene -- 13.7 Polysiloxane -- 14 - Renewable Resource and Biodegradable Polymers -- 14.1 Cellophane™ -- 14.2 Nitrocellulose -- 14.3 Cellulose Acetate -- 14.4 Cellulose Acetate Butyrate -- 14.5 Cellulose Acetate Propionate -- 14.6 Ethyl Cellulose -- 14.7 Polycaprolactone -- 14.8 Poly(Lactic Acid) -- 14.9 Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate -- 14.10 Polyglycolic Acid -- 15 - Multilayered Films. , 15.1 Prediction of Properties of Multilayered Films.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-813292-2

Language: English