Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (605 pages)

Edition: Second edition.

ISBN: 0-12-809823-6

Note: Front Cover -- Sustainable Design Through Process Integration -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction to Sustainability, Sustainable Design, and Process Integration -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 What is Sustainability? -- 1.3 What is Sustainable Design Through Process Integration? -- 1.4 Motivating Examples on the Generation and Integration of Sustainable-Design Alternatives -- 1.5 Structure and Learning Outcomes of the Book -- References -- 2 Overview of Process Economics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Cost Types and Estimation -- 2.2.1 Capital Cost Estimation -- 2.2.1.1 Manufacturer's Quotation -- 2.2.1.2 Computer-Aided Tools -- 2.2.1.3 Capacity Ratio With Exponent -- 2.2.1.3.1 Updates Using Cost Indices -- 2.2.1.3.2 Ratio Factors Based on Delivered Equipment Cost -- 2.2.1.3.3 Empirical Correlations -- 2.2.1.3.4 Gas-Conversion Plants -- 2.2.1.3.5 Liquid- and/or Solid-Phase Plants -- 2.2.1.3.6 Turnover Ratio -- 2.2.2 Equipment-Cost Estimation -- 2.2.2.1 Manufacturer's Quotation -- 2.2.2.2 Computer-Aided Tools -- 2.2.2.3 Capacity Ratio With Exponent -- 2.2.2.4 Updates Using Cost Indices -- 2.2.2.5 Cost Charts -- 2.2.3 Operating-Cost or Operating-Expenditure (OPEX) Estimation -- 2.2.4 Production-Cost Estimation -- 2.3 Depreciation -- 2.3.1 Linear Depreciation (Straight-Line Method) -- 2.3.2 Declining-Balance Method -- 2.3.3 Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System -- 2.4 Break-Even Analysis -- 2.5 Time Value of Money -- 2.5.1 Compound Interest of a Single Payment -- 2.5.2 Cash Flow Diagram -- 2.5.3 Annuities -- 2.6 Profitability Analysis -- 2.6.1 Profitability Criteria without the Time-Value of Money -- 2.6.2 Profitability Criteria with the Time-Value of Money -- 2.6.2.1 Net Present Value (NPV) or Net Present Worth (NPW) -- 2.6.2.2 Discounted Cash Flow Return on Investment (Internal Rate of Return). , 2.6.2.3 Discounted Payback Period -- 2.6.3 Comparison of Alternatives -- 2.6.3.1 Net Present Value (Net Present Worth) -- 2.6.3.2 Annual Cost/Revenue -- 2.6.3.3 Total Annualized Cost -- 2.6.3.4 Incremental Return on Investment (IROI) -- 2.7 Homework Problems -- References -- 3 Benchmarking Process Performance Through Overall Mass Targeting -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Stoichiometry-Based Targeting -- 3.2.1 Stoichiometric Targeting -- 3.2.2 Stoichiometric-Economic "Stoichionomic" Targeting -- 3.3 Mass Integration Targeting -- 3.3.1 Targeting for Minimum Waste Discharge -- 3.3.2 Targeting for Minimum Purchase of Fresh Material Utilities -- 3.3.3 Targeting for Maximum Product Yield -- 3.4 Mass Integration Strategies for Attaining the Targets -- 3.5 Inclusion of Sustainability and Targeting in Profitability Calculations: Sustainability Weighted Return on Investment f... -- 3.6 Atomic Targeting for Multiscale Systems: C-H-O Symbiosis Networks (CHOSYNs) for the Design of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) -- 3.6.1 Problem Statement -- 3.6.2 Atomic Targeting Approach -- 3.7 Homework Problems -- References -- 4 Direct-Recycle Networks: Graphical and Algebraic Targeting Approaches -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Problem Statement for the Design of Direct-Recycle Networks -- 4.3 Selection of Sources, Sinks, and Recycle Routes -- 4.4 Direct-Recycle Targets Through Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram -- 4.5 Design Rules From the Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram -- 4.6 Extension to the Case of Impure Fresh -- 4.7 Insights for Process Modifications -- 4.8 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Direct Recycle Networks -- 4.9 Algebraic Targeting Procedure -- 4.10 Case Study: Targeting for Water Usage and Discharge in a Formic Acid Plant -- Solution -- 4.11 Generating Implementation Designs Using the Source-Sink Mapping Diagram for Matching Sources and Sinks. , 4.12 Multicomponent Source-Sink Mapping Diagram -- 4.13 Homework Problems -- Coating -- Dryer -- Neutralization -- Acid Tower -- First Absorber -- Nomenclature -- Superscripts -- Subscripts -- Greek Letters -- References -- 5 Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Mass-Exchange Network Synthesis Task -- 5.3 The MEN-Targeting Approach -- 5.4 The Corresponding Composition Scales -- 5.5 The Mass-Exchange Pinch Diagram -- 5.6 Constructing Pinch Diagrams without Process MSAs -- 5.7 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Mass-Exchange Networks -- 5.7.1 The Composition-Interval Diagram -- 5.7.2 Table of Exchangeable Loads -- 5.7.3 Mass-Exchange Cascade Diagram -- 5.8 Construction of the MEN Configuration With Minimum Number of Exchangers -- 5.8.1 Feasibility Criteria at the Pinch -- 5.8.1.1 Stream Population -- 5.8.2 Operating Line versus Equilibrium Line -- 5.8.3 Network Synthesis -- 5.9 Trading Off Fixed Cost Versus Operating Cost -- 5.9.1 Trading off Fixed and Operating Costs by Varying the Mass-Exchange Driving Forces -- 5.9.2 Trading Off Fixed and Operating Costs by Mixing Rich Streams -- 5.9.3 Trading Off Fixed and Operating Costs Using Mass-Load Paths -- 5.10 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- Greek -- References -- 6 Combining Mass-Integration Strategies -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Process Representation from A Mass-Integration Species Perspective -- 6.3 Homework Problems -- References -- 7 Heat Integration -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 HEN-Synthesis Problem Statement -- 7.3 Minimum Utility Targets Via the Thermal Pinch Diagram -- 7.4 Minimum Utility Targets Using the Algebraic Cascade Diagram -- 7.5 Screening of Multiple Utilities Using the Grand Composite Representation -- 7.5.1 Stream Matching and the Synthesis of Heat-Exchange Networks -- 7.5.2 Stream Population Rules for Matching -- 7.5.3 Flowrate*Specific Heat Rules for Matching. , 7.6 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- Greek -- References -- 8 Integration of Combined Heat and Power Systems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Heat Engines -- 8.3 Steam Turbines and Power Plants -- 8.4 Placement of Heat Engines and Integration With Thermal Pinch Analysis -- 8.5 Heat Pumps -- 8.6 Closed-Cycle Vapor Compression Heat Pumps Using a Separate Working Fluid (Refrigerant) -- 8.6.1 Description and Modeling of a Heat Pump -- 8.6.2 Dual-Mode Heat Pumps -- 8.7 Vapor-Compression Heat Pumps and Thermal Pinch Diagram -- 8.8 Open-Cycle Mechanical Vapor Recompression Using a Process Stream as the Working Fluid -- 8.9 Absorption Refrigeration Cycles -- 8.10 Cogeneration Targeting -- 8.11 Additional Readings -- 8.12 Homework Problems -- References -- 9 Synthesis of Heat-Induced Separation Network for Condensation of Volatile Organic Compounds -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Problem Statement -- 9.3 System Configuration -- 9.4 Integration of Mass and Heat Objectives -- 9.5 Design Approach -- 9.5.1 Minimization of External Cooling Utility -- 9.5.2 Selection of Cooling Utilities -- 9.5.3 Trading Off Fixed Cost versus Operating Cost -- 9.6 Special Case: Dilute Waste Streams -- 9.7 Case Study: Removal of Methyl Ethyl Ketone -- 9.8 Solution -- 9.9 Effect of Pressure -- 9.10 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- Greek -- References -- 10 Property Integration -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Property-Based Material Recycle Pinch Diagram -- 10.3 Process Modification Based on Property-Based Pinch Diagram -- 10.4 Clustering Techniques for Multiple Properties -- 10.5 Cluster-Based Source-Sink Mapping Diagram For Property-Based Recycle And Interception -- 10.6 Property-Based Design Rules for Recycle and Interception -- 10.6.1 Source Prioritization Rule -- 10.6.2 Lever-Arm Source Prioritization Rule -- 10.7 Dealing With Multiplicity of Cluster-to-Property Mapping (El-Halwagi et al., 2004). , 10.8 Relationship Between Clusters and Mass Fractions -- 10.9 Additional Readings -- 10.10 Homework PROBLEMS -- Nomenclature -- Subscripts -- Superscripts -- Greek Letters -- References -- 11 Overview of Optimization -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 What is Mathematical Programming? -- 11.3 How to Formulate An Optimization Model -- 11.4 Using the Software LINGO to Solve Optimization Problems -- 11.5 Interpreting Dual Prices in the Results of a LINGO Solution -- 11.6 A Brief Introduction to Sets, Convex Analysis, and Symbols Used in Optimization -- 11.6.1 Sets -- 11.6.2 Convex Analysis -- 11.6.3 Symbols Used in Optimization Formulations -- 11.7 The Use of 0-1 Binary-Integer Variables -- 11.8 Enumerating Multiple Solutions Using Integer Cuts -- 11.9 Modeling Disjunctions and Discontinuous Functions with Binary Integer Variables -- 11.9.1 Discontinuous Functions -- 11.9.2 Big-M Reformulation -- 11.9.3 Convex-Hull Reformulation -- 11.10 Using Set Formulations in LINGO -- 11.10.1 Summation -- 11.10.2 Defining Sets -- 11.10.3 Entering Data -- 11.10.4 The @FOR Command -- 11.10.5 Dealing with Double Summations -- 11.10.6 Entering Two-Dimensional Data -- 11.10.7 Using @FOR in the Case of Repeating Constraints with Two-Dimensional Variables -- 11.10.8 Adding Logical Operators -- 11.11 Homework Problems -- References -- 12 An Optimization Approach to Direct Recycle -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Problem Statement -- 12.3 Problem Representation -- 12.4 Optimization Formulation -- 12.5 Additional Readings -- 12.6 Homework Problems -- References -- 13 Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks: A Mathematical Programming Approach -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Generalization of the Composition Interval Diagram -- 13.3 Problem Formulation -- 13.4 Optimization of Outlet Compositions -- 13.5 Stream Matching and Network Synthesis -- 13.6 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- References. , 14 Synthesis of Reactive Mass-Exchange Networks.

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books.

URL: Click to View

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (605 pages)

Edition: Second edition.

ISBN: 0-12-809823-6

Note: Front Cover -- Sustainable Design Through Process Integration -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction to Sustainability, Sustainable Design, and Process Integration -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 What is Sustainability? -- 1.3 What is Sustainable Design Through Process Integration? -- 1.4 Motivating Examples on the Generation and Integration of Sustainable-Design Alternatives -- 1.5 Structure and Learning Outcomes of the Book -- References -- 2 Overview of Process Economics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Cost Types and Estimation -- 2.2.1 Capital Cost Estimation -- 2.2.1.1 Manufacturer's Quotation -- 2.2.1.2 Computer-Aided Tools -- 2.2.1.3 Capacity Ratio With Exponent -- 2.2.1.3.1 Updates Using Cost Indices -- 2.2.1.3.2 Ratio Factors Based on Delivered Equipment Cost -- 2.2.1.3.3 Empirical Correlations -- 2.2.1.3.4 Gas-Conversion Plants -- 2.2.1.3.5 Liquid- and/or Solid-Phase Plants -- 2.2.1.3.6 Turnover Ratio -- 2.2.2 Equipment-Cost Estimation -- 2.2.2.1 Manufacturer's Quotation -- 2.2.2.2 Computer-Aided Tools -- 2.2.2.3 Capacity Ratio With Exponent -- 2.2.2.4 Updates Using Cost Indices -- 2.2.2.5 Cost Charts -- 2.2.3 Operating-Cost or Operating-Expenditure (OPEX) Estimation -- 2.2.4 Production-Cost Estimation -- 2.3 Depreciation -- 2.3.1 Linear Depreciation (Straight-Line Method) -- 2.3.2 Declining-Balance Method -- 2.3.3 Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System -- 2.4 Break-Even Analysis -- 2.5 Time Value of Money -- 2.5.1 Compound Interest of a Single Payment -- 2.5.2 Cash Flow Diagram -- 2.5.3 Annuities -- 2.6 Profitability Analysis -- 2.6.1 Profitability Criteria without the Time-Value of Money -- 2.6.2 Profitability Criteria with the Time-Value of Money -- 2.6.2.1 Net Present Value (NPV) or Net Present Worth (NPW) -- 2.6.2.2 Discounted Cash Flow Return on Investment (Internal Rate of Return). , 2.6.2.3 Discounted Payback Period -- 2.6.3 Comparison of Alternatives -- 2.6.3.1 Net Present Value (Net Present Worth) -- 2.6.3.2 Annual Cost/Revenue -- 2.6.3.3 Total Annualized Cost -- 2.6.3.4 Incremental Return on Investment (IROI) -- 2.7 Homework Problems -- References -- 3 Benchmarking Process Performance Through Overall Mass Targeting -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Stoichiometry-Based Targeting -- 3.2.1 Stoichiometric Targeting -- 3.2.2 Stoichiometric-Economic "Stoichionomic" Targeting -- 3.3 Mass Integration Targeting -- 3.3.1 Targeting for Minimum Waste Discharge -- 3.3.2 Targeting for Minimum Purchase of Fresh Material Utilities -- 3.3.3 Targeting for Maximum Product Yield -- 3.4 Mass Integration Strategies for Attaining the Targets -- 3.5 Inclusion of Sustainability and Targeting in Profitability Calculations: Sustainability Weighted Return on Investment f... -- 3.6 Atomic Targeting for Multiscale Systems: C-H-O Symbiosis Networks (CHOSYNs) for the Design of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) -- 3.6.1 Problem Statement -- 3.6.2 Atomic Targeting Approach -- 3.7 Homework Problems -- References -- 4 Direct-Recycle Networks: Graphical and Algebraic Targeting Approaches -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Problem Statement for the Design of Direct-Recycle Networks -- 4.3 Selection of Sources, Sinks, and Recycle Routes -- 4.4 Direct-Recycle Targets Through Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram -- 4.5 Design Rules From the Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram -- 4.6 Extension to the Case of Impure Fresh -- 4.7 Insights for Process Modifications -- 4.8 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Direct Recycle Networks -- 4.9 Algebraic Targeting Procedure -- 4.10 Case Study: Targeting for Water Usage and Discharge in a Formic Acid Plant -- Solution -- 4.11 Generating Implementation Designs Using the Source-Sink Mapping Diagram for Matching Sources and Sinks. , 4.12 Multicomponent Source-Sink Mapping Diagram -- 4.13 Homework Problems -- Coating -- Dryer -- Neutralization -- Acid Tower -- First Absorber -- Nomenclature -- Superscripts -- Subscripts -- Greek Letters -- References -- 5 Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Mass-Exchange Network Synthesis Task -- 5.3 The MEN-Targeting Approach -- 5.4 The Corresponding Composition Scales -- 5.5 The Mass-Exchange Pinch Diagram -- 5.6 Constructing Pinch Diagrams without Process MSAs -- 5.7 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Mass-Exchange Networks -- 5.7.1 The Composition-Interval Diagram -- 5.7.2 Table of Exchangeable Loads -- 5.7.3 Mass-Exchange Cascade Diagram -- 5.8 Construction of the MEN Configuration With Minimum Number of Exchangers -- 5.8.1 Feasibility Criteria at the Pinch -- 5.8.1.1 Stream Population -- 5.8.2 Operating Line versus Equilibrium Line -- 5.8.3 Network Synthesis -- 5.9 Trading Off Fixed Cost Versus Operating Cost -- 5.9.1 Trading off Fixed and Operating Costs by Varying the Mass-Exchange Driving Forces -- 5.9.2 Trading Off Fixed and Operating Costs by Mixing Rich Streams -- 5.9.3 Trading Off Fixed and Operating Costs Using Mass-Load Paths -- 5.10 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- Greek -- References -- 6 Combining Mass-Integration Strategies -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Process Representation from A Mass-Integration Species Perspective -- 6.3 Homework Problems -- References -- 7 Heat Integration -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 HEN-Synthesis Problem Statement -- 7.3 Minimum Utility Targets Via the Thermal Pinch Diagram -- 7.4 Minimum Utility Targets Using the Algebraic Cascade Diagram -- 7.5 Screening of Multiple Utilities Using the Grand Composite Representation -- 7.5.1 Stream Matching and the Synthesis of Heat-Exchange Networks -- 7.5.2 Stream Population Rules for Matching -- 7.5.3 Flowrate*Specific Heat Rules for Matching. , 7.6 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- Greek -- References -- 8 Integration of Combined Heat and Power Systems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Heat Engines -- 8.3 Steam Turbines and Power Plants -- 8.4 Placement of Heat Engines and Integration With Thermal Pinch Analysis -- 8.5 Heat Pumps -- 8.6 Closed-Cycle Vapor Compression Heat Pumps Using a Separate Working Fluid (Refrigerant) -- 8.6.1 Description and Modeling of a Heat Pump -- 8.6.2 Dual-Mode Heat Pumps -- 8.7 Vapor-Compression Heat Pumps and Thermal Pinch Diagram -- 8.8 Open-Cycle Mechanical Vapor Recompression Using a Process Stream as the Working Fluid -- 8.9 Absorption Refrigeration Cycles -- 8.10 Cogeneration Targeting -- 8.11 Additional Readings -- 8.12 Homework Problems -- References -- 9 Synthesis of Heat-Induced Separation Network for Condensation of Volatile Organic Compounds -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Problem Statement -- 9.3 System Configuration -- 9.4 Integration of Mass and Heat Objectives -- 9.5 Design Approach -- 9.5.1 Minimization of External Cooling Utility -- 9.5.2 Selection of Cooling Utilities -- 9.5.3 Trading Off Fixed Cost versus Operating Cost -- 9.6 Special Case: Dilute Waste Streams -- 9.7 Case Study: Removal of Methyl Ethyl Ketone -- 9.8 Solution -- 9.9 Effect of Pressure -- 9.10 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- Greek -- References -- 10 Property Integration -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Property-Based Material Recycle Pinch Diagram -- 10.3 Process Modification Based on Property-Based Pinch Diagram -- 10.4 Clustering Techniques for Multiple Properties -- 10.5 Cluster-Based Source-Sink Mapping Diagram For Property-Based Recycle And Interception -- 10.6 Property-Based Design Rules for Recycle and Interception -- 10.6.1 Source Prioritization Rule -- 10.6.2 Lever-Arm Source Prioritization Rule -- 10.7 Dealing With Multiplicity of Cluster-to-Property Mapping (El-Halwagi et al., 2004). , 10.8 Relationship Between Clusters and Mass Fractions -- 10.9 Additional Readings -- 10.10 Homework PROBLEMS -- Nomenclature -- Subscripts -- Superscripts -- Greek Letters -- References -- 11 Overview of Optimization -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 What is Mathematical Programming? -- 11.3 How to Formulate An Optimization Model -- 11.4 Using the Software LINGO to Solve Optimization Problems -- 11.5 Interpreting Dual Prices in the Results of a LINGO Solution -- 11.6 A Brief Introduction to Sets, Convex Analysis, and Symbols Used in Optimization -- 11.6.1 Sets -- 11.6.2 Convex Analysis -- 11.6.3 Symbols Used in Optimization Formulations -- 11.7 The Use of 0-1 Binary-Integer Variables -- 11.8 Enumerating Multiple Solutions Using Integer Cuts -- 11.9 Modeling Disjunctions and Discontinuous Functions with Binary Integer Variables -- 11.9.1 Discontinuous Functions -- 11.9.2 Big-M Reformulation -- 11.9.3 Convex-Hull Reformulation -- 11.10 Using Set Formulations in LINGO -- 11.10.1 Summation -- 11.10.2 Defining Sets -- 11.10.3 Entering Data -- 11.10.4 The @FOR Command -- 11.10.5 Dealing with Double Summations -- 11.10.6 Entering Two-Dimensional Data -- 11.10.7 Using @FOR in the Case of Repeating Constraints with Two-Dimensional Variables -- 11.10.8 Adding Logical Operators -- 11.11 Homework Problems -- References -- 12 An Optimization Approach to Direct Recycle -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Problem Statement -- 12.3 Problem Representation -- 12.4 Optimization Formulation -- 12.5 Additional Readings -- 12.6 Homework Problems -- References -- 13 Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks: A Mathematical Programming Approach -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Generalization of the Composition Interval Diagram -- 13.3 Problem Formulation -- 13.4 Optimization of Outlet Compositions -- 13.5 Stream Matching and Network Synthesis -- 13.6 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- References. , 14 Synthesis of Reactive Mass-Exchange Networks.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (605 pages)

Edition: Second edition.

ISBN: 0-12-809823-6

Note: Front Cover -- Sustainable Design Through Process Integration -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction to Sustainability, Sustainable Design, and Process Integration -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 What is Sustainability? -- 1.3 What is Sustainable Design Through Process Integration? -- 1.4 Motivating Examples on the Generation and Integration of Sustainable-Design Alternatives -- 1.5 Structure and Learning Outcomes of the Book -- References -- 2 Overview of Process Economics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Cost Types and Estimation -- 2.2.1 Capital Cost Estimation -- 2.2.1.1 Manufacturer's Quotation -- 2.2.1.2 Computer-Aided Tools -- 2.2.1.3 Capacity Ratio With Exponent -- 2.2.1.3.1 Updates Using Cost Indices -- 2.2.1.3.2 Ratio Factors Based on Delivered Equipment Cost -- 2.2.1.3.3 Empirical Correlations -- 2.2.1.3.4 Gas-Conversion Plants -- 2.2.1.3.5 Liquid- and/or Solid-Phase Plants -- 2.2.1.3.6 Turnover Ratio -- 2.2.2 Equipment-Cost Estimation -- 2.2.2.1 Manufacturer's Quotation -- 2.2.2.2 Computer-Aided Tools -- 2.2.2.3 Capacity Ratio With Exponent -- 2.2.2.4 Updates Using Cost Indices -- 2.2.2.5 Cost Charts -- 2.2.3 Operating-Cost or Operating-Expenditure (OPEX) Estimation -- 2.2.4 Production-Cost Estimation -- 2.3 Depreciation -- 2.3.1 Linear Depreciation (Straight-Line Method) -- 2.3.2 Declining-Balance Method -- 2.3.3 Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System -- 2.4 Break-Even Analysis -- 2.5 Time Value of Money -- 2.5.1 Compound Interest of a Single Payment -- 2.5.2 Cash Flow Diagram -- 2.5.3 Annuities -- 2.6 Profitability Analysis -- 2.6.1 Profitability Criteria without the Time-Value of Money -- 2.6.2 Profitability Criteria with the Time-Value of Money -- 2.6.2.1 Net Present Value (NPV) or Net Present Worth (NPW) -- 2.6.2.2 Discounted Cash Flow Return on Investment (Internal Rate of Return). , 2.6.2.3 Discounted Payback Period -- 2.6.3 Comparison of Alternatives -- 2.6.3.1 Net Present Value (Net Present Worth) -- 2.6.3.2 Annual Cost/Revenue -- 2.6.3.3 Total Annualized Cost -- 2.6.3.4 Incremental Return on Investment (IROI) -- 2.7 Homework Problems -- References -- 3 Benchmarking Process Performance Through Overall Mass Targeting -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Stoichiometry-Based Targeting -- 3.2.1 Stoichiometric Targeting -- 3.2.2 Stoichiometric-Economic "Stoichionomic" Targeting -- 3.3 Mass Integration Targeting -- 3.3.1 Targeting for Minimum Waste Discharge -- 3.3.2 Targeting for Minimum Purchase of Fresh Material Utilities -- 3.3.3 Targeting for Maximum Product Yield -- 3.4 Mass Integration Strategies for Attaining the Targets -- 3.5 Inclusion of Sustainability and Targeting in Profitability Calculations: Sustainability Weighted Return on Investment f... -- 3.6 Atomic Targeting for Multiscale Systems: C-H-O Symbiosis Networks (CHOSYNs) for the Design of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) -- 3.6.1 Problem Statement -- 3.6.2 Atomic Targeting Approach -- 3.7 Homework Problems -- References -- 4 Direct-Recycle Networks: Graphical and Algebraic Targeting Approaches -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Problem Statement for the Design of Direct-Recycle Networks -- 4.3 Selection of Sources, Sinks, and Recycle Routes -- 4.4 Direct-Recycle Targets Through Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram -- 4.5 Design Rules From the Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram -- 4.6 Extension to the Case of Impure Fresh -- 4.7 Insights for Process Modifications -- 4.8 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Direct Recycle Networks -- 4.9 Algebraic Targeting Procedure -- 4.10 Case Study: Targeting for Water Usage and Discharge in a Formic Acid Plant -- Solution -- 4.11 Generating Implementation Designs Using the Source-Sink Mapping Diagram for Matching Sources and Sinks. , 4.12 Multicomponent Source-Sink Mapping Diagram -- 4.13 Homework Problems -- Coating -- Dryer -- Neutralization -- Acid Tower -- First Absorber -- Nomenclature -- Superscripts -- Subscripts -- Greek Letters -- References -- 5 Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Mass-Exchange Network Synthesis Task -- 5.3 The MEN-Targeting Approach -- 5.4 The Corresponding Composition Scales -- 5.5 The Mass-Exchange Pinch Diagram -- 5.6 Constructing Pinch Diagrams without Process MSAs -- 5.7 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Mass-Exchange Networks -- 5.7.1 The Composition-Interval Diagram -- 5.7.2 Table of Exchangeable Loads -- 5.7.3 Mass-Exchange Cascade Diagram -- 5.8 Construction of the MEN Configuration With Minimum Number of Exchangers -- 5.8.1 Feasibility Criteria at the Pinch -- 5.8.1.1 Stream Population -- 5.8.2 Operating Line versus Equilibrium Line -- 5.8.3 Network Synthesis -- 5.9 Trading Off Fixed Cost Versus Operating Cost -- 5.9.1 Trading off Fixed and Operating Costs by Varying the Mass-Exchange Driving Forces -- 5.9.2 Trading Off Fixed and Operating Costs by Mixing Rich Streams -- 5.9.3 Trading Off Fixed and Operating Costs Using Mass-Load Paths -- 5.10 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- Greek -- References -- 6 Combining Mass-Integration Strategies -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Process Representation from A Mass-Integration Species Perspective -- 6.3 Homework Problems -- References -- 7 Heat Integration -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 HEN-Synthesis Problem Statement -- 7.3 Minimum Utility Targets Via the Thermal Pinch Diagram -- 7.4 Minimum Utility Targets Using the Algebraic Cascade Diagram -- 7.5 Screening of Multiple Utilities Using the Grand Composite Representation -- 7.5.1 Stream Matching and the Synthesis of Heat-Exchange Networks -- 7.5.2 Stream Population Rules for Matching -- 7.5.3 Flowrate*Specific Heat Rules for Matching. , 7.6 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- Greek -- References -- 8 Integration of Combined Heat and Power Systems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Heat Engines -- 8.3 Steam Turbines and Power Plants -- 8.4 Placement of Heat Engines and Integration With Thermal Pinch Analysis -- 8.5 Heat Pumps -- 8.6 Closed-Cycle Vapor Compression Heat Pumps Using a Separate Working Fluid (Refrigerant) -- 8.6.1 Description and Modeling of a Heat Pump -- 8.6.2 Dual-Mode Heat Pumps -- 8.7 Vapor-Compression Heat Pumps and Thermal Pinch Diagram -- 8.8 Open-Cycle Mechanical Vapor Recompression Using a Process Stream as the Working Fluid -- 8.9 Absorption Refrigeration Cycles -- 8.10 Cogeneration Targeting -- 8.11 Additional Readings -- 8.12 Homework Problems -- References -- 9 Synthesis of Heat-Induced Separation Network for Condensation of Volatile Organic Compounds -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Problem Statement -- 9.3 System Configuration -- 9.4 Integration of Mass and Heat Objectives -- 9.5 Design Approach -- 9.5.1 Minimization of External Cooling Utility -- 9.5.2 Selection of Cooling Utilities -- 9.5.3 Trading Off Fixed Cost versus Operating Cost -- 9.6 Special Case: Dilute Waste Streams -- 9.7 Case Study: Removal of Methyl Ethyl Ketone -- 9.8 Solution -- 9.9 Effect of Pressure -- 9.10 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- Greek -- References -- 10 Property Integration -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Property-Based Material Recycle Pinch Diagram -- 10.3 Process Modification Based on Property-Based Pinch Diagram -- 10.4 Clustering Techniques for Multiple Properties -- 10.5 Cluster-Based Source-Sink Mapping Diagram For Property-Based Recycle And Interception -- 10.6 Property-Based Design Rules for Recycle and Interception -- 10.6.1 Source Prioritization Rule -- 10.6.2 Lever-Arm Source Prioritization Rule -- 10.7 Dealing With Multiplicity of Cluster-to-Property Mapping (El-Halwagi et al., 2004). , 10.8 Relationship Between Clusters and Mass Fractions -- 10.9 Additional Readings -- 10.10 Homework PROBLEMS -- Nomenclature -- Subscripts -- Superscripts -- Greek Letters -- References -- 11 Overview of Optimization -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 What is Mathematical Programming? -- 11.3 How to Formulate An Optimization Model -- 11.4 Using the Software LINGO to Solve Optimization Problems -- 11.5 Interpreting Dual Prices in the Results of a LINGO Solution -- 11.6 A Brief Introduction to Sets, Convex Analysis, and Symbols Used in Optimization -- 11.6.1 Sets -- 11.6.2 Convex Analysis -- 11.6.3 Symbols Used in Optimization Formulations -- 11.7 The Use of 0-1 Binary-Integer Variables -- 11.8 Enumerating Multiple Solutions Using Integer Cuts -- 11.9 Modeling Disjunctions and Discontinuous Functions with Binary Integer Variables -- 11.9.1 Discontinuous Functions -- 11.9.2 Big-M Reformulation -- 11.9.3 Convex-Hull Reformulation -- 11.10 Using Set Formulations in LINGO -- 11.10.1 Summation -- 11.10.2 Defining Sets -- 11.10.3 Entering Data -- 11.10.4 The @FOR Command -- 11.10.5 Dealing with Double Summations -- 11.10.6 Entering Two-Dimensional Data -- 11.10.7 Using @FOR in the Case of Repeating Constraints with Two-Dimensional Variables -- 11.10.8 Adding Logical Operators -- 11.11 Homework Problems -- References -- 12 An Optimization Approach to Direct Recycle -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Problem Statement -- 12.3 Problem Representation -- 12.4 Optimization Formulation -- 12.5 Additional Readings -- 12.6 Homework Problems -- References -- 13 Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks: A Mathematical Programming Approach -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Generalization of the Composition Interval Diagram -- 13.3 Problem Formulation -- 13.4 Optimization of Outlet Compositions -- 13.5 Stream Matching and Network Synthesis -- 13.6 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- References. , 14 Synthesis of Reactive Mass-Exchange Networks.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (605 pages)

Edition: Second edition.

ISBN: 0-12-809823-6

Note: Front Cover -- Sustainable Design Through Process Integration -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction to Sustainability, Sustainable Design, and Process Integration -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 What is Sustainability? -- 1.3 What is Sustainable Design Through Process Integration? -- 1.4 Motivating Examples on the Generation and Integration of Sustainable-Design Alternatives -- 1.5 Structure and Learning Outcomes of the Book -- References -- 2 Overview of Process Economics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Cost Types and Estimation -- 2.2.1 Capital Cost Estimation -- 2.2.1.1 Manufacturer's Quotation -- 2.2.1.2 Computer-Aided Tools -- 2.2.1.3 Capacity Ratio With Exponent -- 2.2.1.3.1 Updates Using Cost Indices -- 2.2.1.3.2 Ratio Factors Based on Delivered Equipment Cost -- 2.2.1.3.3 Empirical Correlations -- 2.2.1.3.4 Gas-Conversion Plants -- 2.2.1.3.5 Liquid- and/or Solid-Phase Plants -- 2.2.1.3.6 Turnover Ratio -- 2.2.2 Equipment-Cost Estimation -- 2.2.2.1 Manufacturer's Quotation -- 2.2.2.2 Computer-Aided Tools -- 2.2.2.3 Capacity Ratio With Exponent -- 2.2.2.4 Updates Using Cost Indices -- 2.2.2.5 Cost Charts -- 2.2.3 Operating-Cost or Operating-Expenditure (OPEX) Estimation -- 2.2.4 Production-Cost Estimation -- 2.3 Depreciation -- 2.3.1 Linear Depreciation (Straight-Line Method) -- 2.3.2 Declining-Balance Method -- 2.3.3 Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System -- 2.4 Break-Even Analysis -- 2.5 Time Value of Money -- 2.5.1 Compound Interest of a Single Payment -- 2.5.2 Cash Flow Diagram -- 2.5.3 Annuities -- 2.6 Profitability Analysis -- 2.6.1 Profitability Criteria without the Time-Value of Money -- 2.6.2 Profitability Criteria with the Time-Value of Money -- 2.6.2.1 Net Present Value (NPV) or Net Present Worth (NPW) -- 2.6.2.2 Discounted Cash Flow Return on Investment (Internal Rate of Return). , 2.6.2.3 Discounted Payback Period -- 2.6.3 Comparison of Alternatives -- 2.6.3.1 Net Present Value (Net Present Worth) -- 2.6.3.2 Annual Cost/Revenue -- 2.6.3.3 Total Annualized Cost -- 2.6.3.4 Incremental Return on Investment (IROI) -- 2.7 Homework Problems -- References -- 3 Benchmarking Process Performance Through Overall Mass Targeting -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Stoichiometry-Based Targeting -- 3.2.1 Stoichiometric Targeting -- 3.2.2 Stoichiometric-Economic "Stoichionomic" Targeting -- 3.3 Mass Integration Targeting -- 3.3.1 Targeting for Minimum Waste Discharge -- 3.3.2 Targeting for Minimum Purchase of Fresh Material Utilities -- 3.3.3 Targeting for Maximum Product Yield -- 3.4 Mass Integration Strategies for Attaining the Targets -- 3.5 Inclusion of Sustainability and Targeting in Profitability Calculations: Sustainability Weighted Return on Investment f... -- 3.6 Atomic Targeting for Multiscale Systems: C-H-O Symbiosis Networks (CHOSYNs) for the Design of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) -- 3.6.1 Problem Statement -- 3.6.2 Atomic Targeting Approach -- 3.7 Homework Problems -- References -- 4 Direct-Recycle Networks: Graphical and Algebraic Targeting Approaches -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Problem Statement for the Design of Direct-Recycle Networks -- 4.3 Selection of Sources, Sinks, and Recycle Routes -- 4.4 Direct-Recycle Targets Through Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram -- 4.5 Design Rules From the Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram -- 4.6 Extension to the Case of Impure Fresh -- 4.7 Insights for Process Modifications -- 4.8 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Direct Recycle Networks -- 4.9 Algebraic Targeting Procedure -- 4.10 Case Study: Targeting for Water Usage and Discharge in a Formic Acid Plant -- Solution -- 4.11 Generating Implementation Designs Using the Source-Sink Mapping Diagram for Matching Sources and Sinks. , 4.12 Multicomponent Source-Sink Mapping Diagram -- 4.13 Homework Problems -- Coating -- Dryer -- Neutralization -- Acid Tower -- First Absorber -- Nomenclature -- Superscripts -- Subscripts -- Greek Letters -- References -- 5 Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Mass-Exchange Network Synthesis Task -- 5.3 The MEN-Targeting Approach -- 5.4 The Corresponding Composition Scales -- 5.5 The Mass-Exchange Pinch Diagram -- 5.6 Constructing Pinch Diagrams without Process MSAs -- 5.7 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Mass-Exchange Networks -- 5.7.1 The Composition-Interval Diagram -- 5.7.2 Table of Exchangeable Loads -- 5.7.3 Mass-Exchange Cascade Diagram -- 5.8 Construction of the MEN Configuration With Minimum Number of Exchangers -- 5.8.1 Feasibility Criteria at the Pinch -- 5.8.1.1 Stream Population -- 5.8.2 Operating Line versus Equilibrium Line -- 5.8.3 Network Synthesis -- 5.9 Trading Off Fixed Cost Versus Operating Cost -- 5.9.1 Trading off Fixed and Operating Costs by Varying the Mass-Exchange Driving Forces -- 5.9.2 Trading Off Fixed and Operating Costs by Mixing Rich Streams -- 5.9.3 Trading Off Fixed and Operating Costs Using Mass-Load Paths -- 5.10 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- Greek -- References -- 6 Combining Mass-Integration Strategies -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Process Representation from A Mass-Integration Species Perspective -- 6.3 Homework Problems -- References -- 7 Heat Integration -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 HEN-Synthesis Problem Statement -- 7.3 Minimum Utility Targets Via the Thermal Pinch Diagram -- 7.4 Minimum Utility Targets Using the Algebraic Cascade Diagram -- 7.5 Screening of Multiple Utilities Using the Grand Composite Representation -- 7.5.1 Stream Matching and the Synthesis of Heat-Exchange Networks -- 7.5.2 Stream Population Rules for Matching -- 7.5.3 Flowrate*Specific Heat Rules for Matching. , 7.6 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- Greek -- References -- 8 Integration of Combined Heat and Power Systems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Heat Engines -- 8.3 Steam Turbines and Power Plants -- 8.4 Placement of Heat Engines and Integration With Thermal Pinch Analysis -- 8.5 Heat Pumps -- 8.6 Closed-Cycle Vapor Compression Heat Pumps Using a Separate Working Fluid (Refrigerant) -- 8.6.1 Description and Modeling of a Heat Pump -- 8.6.2 Dual-Mode Heat Pumps -- 8.7 Vapor-Compression Heat Pumps and Thermal Pinch Diagram -- 8.8 Open-Cycle Mechanical Vapor Recompression Using a Process Stream as the Working Fluid -- 8.9 Absorption Refrigeration Cycles -- 8.10 Cogeneration Targeting -- 8.11 Additional Readings -- 8.12 Homework Problems -- References -- 9 Synthesis of Heat-Induced Separation Network for Condensation of Volatile Organic Compounds -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Problem Statement -- 9.3 System Configuration -- 9.4 Integration of Mass and Heat Objectives -- 9.5 Design Approach -- 9.5.1 Minimization of External Cooling Utility -- 9.5.2 Selection of Cooling Utilities -- 9.5.3 Trading Off Fixed Cost versus Operating Cost -- 9.6 Special Case: Dilute Waste Streams -- 9.7 Case Study: Removal of Methyl Ethyl Ketone -- 9.8 Solution -- 9.9 Effect of Pressure -- 9.10 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- Greek -- References -- 10 Property Integration -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Property-Based Material Recycle Pinch Diagram -- 10.3 Process Modification Based on Property-Based Pinch Diagram -- 10.4 Clustering Techniques for Multiple Properties -- 10.5 Cluster-Based Source-Sink Mapping Diagram For Property-Based Recycle And Interception -- 10.6 Property-Based Design Rules for Recycle and Interception -- 10.6.1 Source Prioritization Rule -- 10.6.2 Lever-Arm Source Prioritization Rule -- 10.7 Dealing With Multiplicity of Cluster-to-Property Mapping (El-Halwagi et al., 2004). , 10.8 Relationship Between Clusters and Mass Fractions -- 10.9 Additional Readings -- 10.10 Homework PROBLEMS -- Nomenclature -- Subscripts -- Superscripts -- Greek Letters -- References -- 11 Overview of Optimization -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 What is Mathematical Programming? -- 11.3 How to Formulate An Optimization Model -- 11.4 Using the Software LINGO to Solve Optimization Problems -- 11.5 Interpreting Dual Prices in the Results of a LINGO Solution -- 11.6 A Brief Introduction to Sets, Convex Analysis, and Symbols Used in Optimization -- 11.6.1 Sets -- 11.6.2 Convex Analysis -- 11.6.3 Symbols Used in Optimization Formulations -- 11.7 The Use of 0-1 Binary-Integer Variables -- 11.8 Enumerating Multiple Solutions Using Integer Cuts -- 11.9 Modeling Disjunctions and Discontinuous Functions with Binary Integer Variables -- 11.9.1 Discontinuous Functions -- 11.9.2 Big-M Reformulation -- 11.9.3 Convex-Hull Reformulation -- 11.10 Using Set Formulations in LINGO -- 11.10.1 Summation -- 11.10.2 Defining Sets -- 11.10.3 Entering Data -- 11.10.4 The @FOR Command -- 11.10.5 Dealing with Double Summations -- 11.10.6 Entering Two-Dimensional Data -- 11.10.7 Using @FOR in the Case of Repeating Constraints with Two-Dimensional Variables -- 11.10.8 Adding Logical Operators -- 11.11 Homework Problems -- References -- 12 An Optimization Approach to Direct Recycle -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Problem Statement -- 12.3 Problem Representation -- 12.4 Optimization Formulation -- 12.5 Additional Readings -- 12.6 Homework Problems -- References -- 13 Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks: A Mathematical Programming Approach -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Generalization of the Composition Interval Diagram -- 13.3 Problem Formulation -- 13.4 Optimization of Outlet Compositions -- 13.5 Stream Matching and Network Synthesis -- 13.6 Homework Problems -- Symbols -- References. , 14 Synthesis of Reactive Mass-Exchange Networks.

Language: English