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Format: 1 online resource (672 pages)

ISBN: 9783030323455

Series Statement: Historical and Cultural Astronomy Ser.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: A New Window on the Universe -- 1.1 Star Noise at the Telephone Company1 -- 1.2 Early Follow-Up to Jansky's Discovery -- 1.3 Grote Reber and Cosmic Static53 -- 1.4 Impact of Karl Jansky and Grote Reber -- Bibliography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2: The Postwar Explosion in Radio Astronomy: The US Falls Behind -- 2.1 Postwar Radio Astronomy -- 2.2 Radio Waves from the Sun3 -- 2.3 Radio Stars and Radio Galaxies -- 2.4 The 21 cm Hydrogen Line: The Beginning of Radio Spectroscopy -- 2.5 Early US University Radio Astronomy Programs -- 2.6 US Government and Military Radio Astronomy Programs -- 2.7 Private Initiatives -- 2.8 Why Did the US Fall Behind the UK and Australia? Or Did It? -- Bibliography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3: A New Era in Radio Astronomy -- 3.1 The Business of Science -- 3.2 First Steps Toward a National Radio Astronomy Facility20 -- 3.3 Creating the National Observatory -- 3.4 Choosing the Site -- 3.5 Confrontation and Decision -- Bibliography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 4: Growing Pains -- 4.1 Finding a Director -- 4.2 Getting Started -- 4.3 The 85 Foot Tatel Radio Telescope (aka 85-1) -- 4.4 The 140 Foot Saga30 -- 4.5 The 300 Foot Transit Radio Telescope -- 4.6 Jumping Ship -- 4.7 Exodus from Green Bank -- Bibliography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 5: Is Anyone Out There? -- 5.1 Project Ozma -- 5.2 Cocconi and Morrison Paper -- 5.3 Reactions to Searching for Extraterrestrials -- 5.4 Development of the SETI Community -- 5.5 SETI After Project Ozma -- 5.6 SETI in the USSR -- 5.7 Continuing SETI Programs -- Bibliography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 6: The Bar Is Open -- 6.1 NRAO Reaches Maturity -- 6.2 First Scientific Studies -- 6.3 The Central Development Laboratory -- 6.4 Open Skies. , 6.5 Community Interactions -- 6.6 Growing Competition -- 6.7 Grote Reber Challenges NRAO32 -- 6.8 Changing Leadership -- Bibliography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 7: The Very Large Array -- 7.1 Background -- 7.2 Origins of the Very Large Array and the Owens Valley Array -- 7.3 The Green Bank Interferometer (GBI) -- 7.4 The NRAO-OVRO Wars -- 7.5 Choosing the VLA Site -- 7.6 Building the VLA -- 7.7 Transition to Operations -- 7.8 The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) -- Bibliography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 8: VLBI and the Very Long Baseline Array -- 8.1 Independent-Oscillator-Tape-Recording Interferometry1 -- 8.2 Penetrating the Iron Curtain -- 8.3 Faster than Light -- 8.4 Advanced VLBI Systems -- 8.5 VLBI Networks -- 8.6 Planning the VLBA -- 8.7 Funding the VLBA -- 8.8 Building the VLBA -- 8.9 Orbiting VLBI (OVLBI) -- 8.10 Reflections -- Bibliography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 9: The Largest Feasible Steerable Telescope -- 9.1 Early Discussions -- 9.2 International Challenges -- 9.3 The Sugar Grove Fiasco -- 9.4 The Largest Feasible Steerable Telescope Project -- 9.5 Challenges from California and Cambridge -- 9.6 A National Disaster Leads to a New Radio Telescope -- 9.7 Building the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) -- Bibliography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 10: Exploring the Millimeter Sky -- 10.1 First Attempts -- 10.2 The NRAO 36 Foot Millimeter Wave Telescope -- 10.3 Replacing the 36 Foot Telescope -- 10.4 US Industrial and University Millimeter Wave Astronomy Programs -- 10.5 International Challenges -- 10.6 The NRAO Millimeter Array (MMA) -- 10.7 The Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) -- Bibliography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 11: NRAO and Radio Astronomy in the Twenty-First Century -- 11.1 New Discoveries and New Problems. , 11.2 Radio Astronomy and Optical Astronomy -- 11.3 NRAO and the US Radio Astronomy Community -- 11.4 Conflict and Collaboration -- 11.5 The National Radio Quiet Zone and Radio Frequency Spectrum Management6 -- 11.6 The Transition to "Big Science" -- 11.7 The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) -- 11.8 The Next Generation VLA (ngVLA) -- 11.9 Divestment -- 11.10 Lessons Learned -- Bibliography -- References -- Further Reading -- Correction to: Open Skies: The National Radio Astronomy Observatory and Its Impact on US Radio Astronomy -- Correction to: K. I. Kellermann et al., Open Skies, Historical & -- Cultural Astronomy, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32345-5 -- Appendix A -- Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in the Text -- Citation Abbreviations for NRAO/AUI Archives Materials -- Citation Abbreviations for Other Archival Materials -- Appendix B -- NRAO Timeline -- Index.

Additional Edition: Print version: Kellermann, Kenneth I. Open Skies Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2020 ISBN 9783030323448

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; History

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Format: 1 online resource (385 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9783031548604

Note: Intro -- Preamble -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Nomenclature -- Chapter 1 About water -- 1.1 On origins -- 1.2 On the origin of life -- 1.3 On the origin of civilisation -- 1.4 On the origin and source of industry -- 1.5 To the origin -- Part I Fundamentals and derivations -- Chapter 2 Essential mathematics -- 2.1 Conventions -- 2.2 Physical quantities and their mathematical descriptions -- 2.2.1 Scalar -- 2.2.2 Vector -- 2.2.3 Tensor -- 2.2.4 Scalar product -- 2.2.5 Cross product -- 2.3 Euler vs. Lagrange -- 2.3.1 Lagrange's perspective -- 2.3.2 Euler's perspective -- 2.4 Functions -- 2.4.1 Derivations -- 2.4.1.1 Partial derivative -- 2.4.1.2 Total derivative -- 2.4.2 Integration -- 2.5 Kinematics -- 2.5.1 Dilatation -- 2.5.2 Shearing -- 2.5.3 Rotation -- 2.5.4 Velocity gradient tensor -- 2.5.5 Divergence -- 2.6 Einstein summation convention -- 2.7 Elementary fluid mechanic terms -- 2.8 Selected flow lines -- 2.8.1 Streakline -- 2.8.2 Streamline -- 2.8.3 Pathline -- 2.8.4 Streamtube -- 2.9 Selected cross-sections -- Chapter 3 Essential physics -- 3.1 Aggregate states -- 3.1.1 Solid -- 3.1.2 Liquid -- 3.1.3 Gaseous -- 3.1.4 Aggregate states of water -- 3.2 Quantities and their units -- 3.3 Newton's axioms -- 3.3.1 Lex prima - inertial law -- 3.3.2 Lex secunda - basic equation of mechanics -- 3.3.3 Lex tertia - "actio = reactio" -- 3.4 Principal physical quantities -- 3.4.1 Force -- 3.4.2 Momentum -- 3.4.3 Work -- 3.4.4 Energy -- 3.4.5 Power -- 3.4.6 Density -- 3.4.7 Stress -- 3.4.8 Deformation (rate) -- 3.4.9 Pressure -- 3.4.9.1 Absolute pressure -- 3.4.9.2 Relative pressure -- 3.4.10 Compressibility -- 3.4.11 Viscosity -- 3.4.12 Surface tension -- 3.4.13 Discharge -- 3.5 Properties of water -- Chapter 4 Introduction to potential theory -- 4.1 Introduction to potential theory -- 4.2 Parallel flow -- 4.3 Source and sink flow. , 4.4 Potential vortex -- 4.5 Summary of the elementary solutions -- Chapter 5 Basic equations -- 5.1 Continuity condition -- 5.2 Cauchy equation -- 5.3 Constitutive equation -- 5.4 Euler equation -- 5.5 Navier-Stokes equation -- 5.6 Dimensionsless Navier-Stokes equation -- 5.7 Bernoulli equation -- 5.8 Momentum equation -- 5.9 Summary of the basic equations -- Chapter 6 Turbulence and its modelling -- 6.1 Introduction to turbulence -- 6.2 Cursory approach to numerics -- 6.3 Direct Numerical Simulation -- 6.4 Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulation -- 6.5 Large Eddy Simulation -- 6.6 Shallow Water Equations -- 6.7 Final considerations on turbulence -- Part II Applied hydraulics -- Chapter 7 Hydrostatics -- 7.1 General information on hydrostatics -- 7.2 Hydrostatic pressure -- 7.3 Pressure force -- 7.4 Buoyancy -- 7.5 Pressure diagrams -- 7.5.1 Pressure diagrams with application of pressure on both sides -- 7.5.2 Fluids with different densities -- 7.5.3 Water pressure on inclined flat objects -- 7.5.4 Decomposition -- 7.5.5 Lines of action of resulting horizontal forces -- 7.5.6 Lines of action of resulting vertical forces -- 7.5.7 'Base point line' -- 7.6 Hydrostatic paradox -- 7.7 Water pressure on arbitrarily inclined flat objects -- 7.8 Moving liquids -- 7.8.1 Acceleration along a straight line -- 7.8.2 Acceleration along a circular path -- 7.9 Boyle-Mariotte law -- Chapter 8 Bernoulli equation and energy diagrams -- 8.1 Classification of the Bernoulli equation -- 8.2 Piezometric pressure height -- 8.3 Excursus: Energy diagram - an introduction -- 8.4 Bernoulli in pipes -- 8.5 Excursus: Energy diagram - a continuation -- 8.6 Bernoulli and outflows -- 8.7 Cavitation -- Chapter 9 Outflow from openings -- 9.1 Outflow through openings -- 9.2 Torricelli equation -- 9.3 Outflow from a "small" and a "large" opening. , 9.4 Outflow at a variable water level -- Chapter 10 Momentum equation -- 10.1 Classification of the law of momentum -- 10.2 Flow forces in open channel flows -- 10.3 Fastening and flange force at a hose with nozzle -- Chapter 11 Steady pipe flow -- 11.1 Dynamic similarities of pipe flows -- 11.2 Description of laminar flows -- 11.3 Wall shear stress in pipe flows -- 11.4 Hydraulic losses of laminar flows -- 11.5 Hydraulic losses of turbulent flows -- 11.6 Minor (local) hydraulic losses -- 11.7 Turbomachines -- 11.7.1 Pumps -- 11.7.1.1 Pipeline characteristic -- 11.7.1.2 Pump characteristic -- 11.7.1.3 Parallel pump arrangement -- 11.7.1.4 Serial pump arrangement -- 11.7.2 Turbines -- 11.8 Pipe junctions -- 11.9 Summary of pipe flow -- Chapter 12 Unsteady pipe flow -- 12.1 General remarks on unsteady pipe flows -- 12.2 Continuity condition according to Alliévi -- 12.3 Energy equation according to Alliévi -- 12.4 Riemann solution of the Alliévi equations -- 12.5 Joukowsky surge -- 12.6 Momentum equation -- 12.7 Method of characteristics -- 12.7.1 Initial characteristic -- 12.7.2 Calculation modules -- 12.7.3 Nodes within the domain -- 12.7.4 Nodes at the left boundary -- 12.7.4.1 Reservoir with constant water level -- 12.7.4.2 Reservoir with time-varying water level -- 12.7.4.3 Time-variable velocity -- 12.7.4.4 Valve -- 12.7.5 Node at the right boundary -- 12.7.5.1 Reservoir with constant water level -- 12.7.5.2 Reservoir with time-varying water level -- 12.7.5.3 Time-variable velocity -- 12.7.5.4 Valve -- 12.8 Summary: unsteady pipe flows -- Chapter 13 Steady free surface flow -- 13.1 Flows with free surface -- 13.2 Dynamic similarities of open channel flows -- 13.3 Bernoulli equation in open channels -- 13.3.1 H-y diagram -- 13.3.2 Mathematical description of the critical conditions -- 13.3.3 q-y diagram -- 13.4 Flow under a sluice gate. , 13.5 Flow over weirs -- 13.5.1 Poleni equation -- 13.5.2 du Buat equation -- 13.5.3 Submerged flow over a weir -- 13.6 Discharge through a siphon weir -- 13.7 Flow depth at a fall -- 13.8 Venturi channel -- 13.9 Steady-state, uniform flow (normal conditions) -- 13.10 Steady-state nonuniform flow -- 13.10.1 Differential equation of the water surface profile -- 13.10.2 Water surface profiles -- 13.10.2.1 Transition subcritical - subcritical -- 13.10.2.2 Transition supercritical - supercritical -- 13.10.2.3 Transition subcritical - supercritical -- 13.10.2.4 Transition supercritical - subcritical: hydraulic jump -- 13.10.2.5 Water surface profiles at the hydraulic jump -- 13.11 Computation of water surface profiles - direct step method -- 13.11.1 Distance Δx of two flow depths -- 13.11.2 Flow depth at distance Δx -- Chapter 14 Unsteady free surface flow -- 14.1 Saint-Venant differential equations -- 14.2 Upsurge and downsurge -- Chapter 15 Introduction to groundwater flow -- Part III Excercises with solutions -- Chapter 16 Exercises -- 1 Hydrostatics -- 2 Outflow through openings -- 3 Momentum equation -- 4 Free surface flows -- 5 Pipe flow -- 6 Cross-cutting issues -- 7 Unsteady free surface flows -- Chapter 17 Solutions -- 1 Solutions: hydrostatics -- 2 Solutions: outflow through openings -- 3 Solutions: momentum equation -- 4 Solutions: free surface flows -- 5 Solutions: pipe flow -- 6 Solutions: cross-cutting issues -- 7 Solutions: unsteady free surface flows -- Part IV Practical examples -- Chapter 18 Forces and moments of force at the weir in Wieblingen -- Chapter 19 Determination of the bearing forces in the Leitzachwerk pumped-storage power station -- Chapter 20 Dimensioning of an interceptor sewer in Hamburg Waltershof -- Chapter 21 Optimisation of the operation level at Uppenbornwerk 1 -- Appendix A -- A.1 Dipole of a potential flow. , A.2 Shear stress balance at the differential element -- A.3 Derivation of the friction coefficient fD -- A.3.1 Reynolds averaging -- A.3.2 Prandtl's mixing length -- A.3.3 Law of the wall -- A.3.3.1 Region I -- A.3.3.2 Region II and III -- A.3.4 Smooth conditions -- A.3.5 Rough conditions -- A.3.6 Transition region -- A.4 Calculation of the determinant of a matrix -- A.5 Derivation of the critical conditions for selected cross-sections -- A.5.1 Trapezoid -- A.5.2 Triangle -- A.5.3 Parabola -- A.6 Wave theory -- A.6.1 Deep water waves -- A.6.2 Shallow-water waves -- A.6.3 Capillary waves -- A.7 Solution for the practical example of the Hamburg interceptor sewer -- A.8 Results for the example of the unsteady pipe flow from page 202 -- References.

Additional Edition: Print version: Rapp, Christoph Hydraulics in Civil Engineering Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2024 ISBN 9783031548598

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Electronic books.

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Format: 1 online resource (xii, 812 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

Edition: Third edition.

ISBN: 9781108781244 , 1108781241

Content: The methods of quantum field theory underpin many conceptual advances in contemporary condensed matter physics and neighbouring fields. This book provides a praxis-oriented and pedagogical introduction to quantum field theory in many-particle physics, emphasizing the application of theory to real physical systems. This third edition is organized into two parts: the first half of the text presents a streamlined introduction, elevating readers to a level where they can engage with contemporary research literature, from the introduction of many-body techniques and functional integration to renormalization group methods, and the second half addresses a range of advanced topics including modern aspects of gauge theory, topological and relativistic quantum matter, and condensed matter physics out of thermal equilibrium. At all stages, the text seeks a balance between methodological aspects of quantum field theory and practical applications. Extended problems with worked solutions provide a bridge between formal theory and a research-oriented approach.

Note: Includes index. , Cover -- Half-title Page -- Title Page -- Imprints Page -- Contents -- Preface -- PART I -- 1 From Particles to Fields -- 1.1 Classical Harmonic Chain: Phonons -- 1.2 Functional Analysis and Variational Principles -- 1.3 Maxwell's Equations as a Variational Principle -- 1.4 Quantum Chain -- 1.5 Quantum Electrodynamics -- 1.6 Noether's Theorem -- 1.7 Summary and Outlook -- 1.8 Problems -- 2 Second Quantization -- 2.1 Introduction to Second Quantization -- 2.2 Applications of Second Quantization -- 2.3 Summary and Outlook -- 2.4 Problems -- 3 Path Integral -- 3.1 The Path Integral: General Formalism -- 3.2 Construction of the Path Integral -- 3.3 Advanced Applications of the Feynman Path Integral -- 3.4 Construction of the Many-Body Field Integral -- 3.5 Field Integral for the Quantum Partition Function -- 3.6 Field-Theoretical Bosonization: A Case Study -- 3.7 Summary and Outlook -- 3.8 Problems -- 4 Perturbation Theory -- 4.1 General Concept and Low-Order Expansions -- 4.2 Ground State Energy of the Interacting Electron Gas -- 4.3 Infinite-Order Expansions -- 4.4 Perturbation Theory of the Disordered Electron Gas -- 4.5 Summary and Outlook -- 4.6 Problems -- 5 Broken Symmetry and Collective Phenomena -- 5.1 Case Study: Plasma Theory of the Electron Gas -- 5.2 Bose-Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity -- 5.3 Superconductivity -- 5.4 Field Theory of the Disordered Electron Gas -- 5.5 Summary and Outlook -- 5.6 Problems -- 6 Renormalization Group -- 6.1 Renormalization: Two Examples -- 6.2 Renormalization Group: General Theory -- 6.3 RG Analysis of the Ferromagnetic Transition -- 6.4 RG Analysis of the Nonlinear σ-Model -- 6.5 Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition -- 6.6 Summary and Outlook -- 6.7 Problems -- 7 Response Functions -- 7.1 Experimental Approaches to Condensed Matter -- 7.2 Linear Response Theory. , 7.3 Analytic Structure of Correlation Functions -- 7.4 Electromagnetic Linear Response -- 7.5 Summary and Outlook -- 7.6 Problems -- PART II -- 8 Topological Field Theory -- 8.1 Topological Quantum Matter -- 8.2 Example: Particle on a Ring -- 8.3 Homotopy -- 8.4 θ-terms -- 8.5 Wess-Zumino Terms -- 8.6 Chern-Simons Terms -- 8.7 Summary and Outlook -- 8.8 Problems -- 9 Relativistic Field Theory -- 9.1 Dirac Theory -- 9.2 Anomalies -- 9.3 Summary and Outlook -- 9.4 Problems -- 10 Gauge Theory -- 10.1 Geometric Approach to Gauge Theory -- 10.2 Connections -- 10.3 Lattice Gauge Theory -- 10.4 Quantum Lattice Gauge Theory -- 10.5 Topological Gauge Theory -- 10.6 Summary and Outlook -- 10.7 Problems -- 11 Nonequilibrium (Classical) -- 11.1 Fundamental Concepts of Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics -- 11.2 Langevin Theory -- 11.3 Boltzmann Kinetic Theory -- 11.4 Stochastic Processes -- 11.5 Field Theory I: Zero-dimensional Theories -- 11.6 Field Theory II: Higher Dimensions -- 11.7 Field Theory III: Applications -- 11.8 Summary and Outlook -- 11.9 Problems -- 12 Nonequilibrium (Quantum) -- 12.1 Prelude: Quantum Master Equation -- 12.2 Keldysh Field Theory: Basics -- 12.3 Particle Coupled to an Environment -- 12.4 Fermion Keldysh Theory -- 12.5 Kinetic Equation -- 12.6 Non-equilibrium Quantum Transport -- 12.7 Full Counting Statistics -- 12.8 Summary and Outlook -- 12.9 Problems -- Appendix -- A.1 Differential Geometry and Differential Forms -- A.2 Elements of Probability Theory -- A.3 Conformal Field Theory Essentials -- A.4 Fourier and Wigner Transforms -- Index.

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781108494601

Additional Edition: ISBN 1108494609

Language: English

Subjects: Physics

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URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108781244

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Format: 1 online resource (206 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 92-64-39678-0

Content: This publication presents guidance for the compilation of distributional results on household income, consumption and saving consistent with national accounts totals.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Executive summary -- 1 Overview -- 1.1. Aim of the Handbook -- 1.2. Background -- 1.3. The importance of distributional results in line with national accounts totals -- 1.4. Relation to other work -- 1.5. Overview of the Handbook -- References -- Notes -- 2 Conceptual framework -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. The position of the work in the System of National Accounts -- 2.3. Delineation of the population -- 2.4. Defining Income, Consumption and Saving -- 2.4.1. Income -- Differences with other income measures -- 2.4.2. Consumption -- Differences with other consumption measures -- 2.4.3. Saving -- 2.5. Household group breakdowns as identified in the work -- 2.5.1. Standard of living (equivalized disposable income) -- 2.5.2. Main source of income -- 2.5.3. Household type -- 2.5.4. Other possible breakdowns -- 2.6. Additional socio-demographic information accompanying the results -- 2.6.1. Household type -- 2.6.2. Housing status -- 2.6.3. Age -- 2.6.4. Sex -- 2.6.5. Main activity -- 2.6.6. Highest level of education achieved -- 2.7. Presentation of the template -- References -- Notes -- 3 Overview of the methodology -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Step-by-step approach -- 4 Adjustment of National Accounts totals -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Adjustment for NPISHs -- 4.3. Adjustment for consumption of non-resident households on the territory and where relevant of residents abroad at the detailed level -- 4.4. Adjustment for institutional households -- 4.5. Overview of adjustments -- References -- Notes -- 5 Determining relevant micro data sources -- 5.1. The importance of selecting the appropriate items from micro data sources -- 5.2. Survey data -- 5.3. Administrative data -- 5.4. Selecting the most appropriate data sources -- 5.5. Overview of data sources currently used in compilation process -- References -- Notes. , 6 Imputation for missing items -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Imputation in case an item is lacking from micro data sources -- 6.3. Imputation in case the micro data source is not (yet) available for a specific period -- 6.4. Imputation for missing parts of the population in the micro data -- 6.5. Imputations for the underground economy, and illegal and informal activities -- 6.6. Conclusions -- References -- Notes -- 7 Aligning micro data with national accounts totals -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. The impact of micro-macro gaps in compiling distributional results -- 7.3. Items that show largest gaps -- 7.4. Possible reasons for micro-macro gaps -- 7.4.1. The quality of the national accounts totals -- 7.4.2. The adjustment of the national accounts totals -- 7.4.3. Conceptual differences and classification issues -- 7.4.4. Correction for missing elements -- 7.4.5. The quality of the micro data -- 7.5. Allocation of gaps to relevant households -- 7.6. A framework to allocate the micro-macro gaps -- References -- Notes -- 8 Linking or matching data across data sources -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Linking records on the basis of identifiers -- 8.3. Integrating data sets through statistical matching -- 8.4. Construct household groupings for each data source separately on the basis of a common variable -- 8.5. Construct household groupings for each data source separately on the basis of an imputed variable -- References -- Notes -- 9 Clustering households into household groups -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Clustering according to standard of living -- 9.3. Clustering according to main source of income -- 9.4. Clustering according to socio-demographic information -- References -- Notes -- 10 Overview of the income items -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Operating surplus from actual and imputed rentals (B2R) -- 10.2.1. Owner-occupied dwelling services (B2R1). , 10.2.2. Leasing of dwellings (B2R2) -- 10.2.3. Consumption of fixed capital (memorandum item) -- 10.3. Mixed income (B3) -- 10.3.1. Own account production (B3R1) -- 10.3.2. Underground production (B3R2) -- 10.3.3. Mixed income excluding underground and own account production (B3R3) -- 10.3.4. Consumption of fixed capital (memorandum item) -- 10.4. Compensation of employees (D1R) -- 10.4.1. Wages and salaries (D11R) -- 10.4.2. Employers' actual social contributions (D121R) -- 10.4.3. Employers' imputed social contributions (D122R) -- 10.5. Net property income (D4N) -- 10.5.1. Interest received (D41R) and paid (D41P) -- Interest (not adjusted for FISIM) received (D41R') and paid (D41P') -- Adjustments for FISIM (D41R_FISIM and D41P_FISIM) -- 10.5.2. Distributed income of corporations received (D42R) -- 10.5.3. Reinvested earnings on foreign direct investment (D43R) -- 10.5.4. Investment income disbursements (D44R) -- Investment income attributed to insurance policy holders (D441R) -- Investment income payable on pension entitlements (D442R) -- Investment income attributable to collective investment funds shareholders (D443R) -- 10.5.5. Rent received (D45R) and paid (D45P) -- 10.6. Current taxes on income and wealth -- 10.7. Net social contributions paid (D61P) -- 10.7.1. Employers' actual social contributions paid (D611P) -- 10.7.2. Employers' imputed social contributions paid (D612P) -- 10.7.3. Households' actual social contribution paid (D613P) -- 10.7.4. Households' social contribution supplements paid (D614P) -- 10.7.5. Social insurance scheme service charges paid -- 10.8. Net social contributions received (D61R) -- 10.8.1. Employers' actual social contributions (D611R) -- 10.8.2. Employers' imputed social contributions (D612R) -- 10.8.3. Households' actual social contributions (D613R) -- 10.8.4. Households' social contribution supplements (D614R). , 10.9. Social benefits other than STiK received (D62R) -- 10.10. Social benefits other than STiK paid (D62P) -- 10.11. Net other current transfers (D7N) -- 10.11.1. Net non-life insurance claims minus premiums (D72R-D71P) -- Net non-life insurance premiums -- Net non-life insurance claims -- 10.11.2. Net miscellaneous current transfers (D75N) -- 10.12. Social Transfers in Kind (D63R) -- 10.12.1. STIK on Health (D63R1) -- 10.12.2. STiK on Education (D63R2) -- 10.12.3. Other STiK and other allocation approaches (D63R3) -- References -- Notes -- 11 Overview of all consumption items -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Food and non-alcoholic beverages (CP010) -- 11.3. Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics (CP020) -- 11.4. Clothing and footwear (CP030) -- 11.5. Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (CP040) -- 11.5.1. Actual rentals on housing (CP041) -- 11.5.2. Imputed rentals on housing (CP042) -- 11.5.3. Maintenance and repair of dwellings (CP043) -- 11.5.4. Water supply and miscellaneous (CP044) -- 11.5.5. Electricity, gas and other fuels (CP045) -- 11.6. Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance (CP050) -- 11.7. Health (CP060) -- 11.7.1. Medical products, appliances and equipment (CP061) -- 11.7.2. Out-patient services (CP062) -- 11.7.3. Hospital services (CP063) -- 11.8. Transport (CP070) -- 11.8.1. Purchases of vehicles (CP071) -- 11.8.2. Operation of personal transport equipment (CP072) -- 11.8.3. Transport services (CP073) -- 11.9. Communication (CP080) -- 11.10. Recreation and culture (CP090) -- 11.11. Education (CP100) -- 11.12. Restaurant and hotels (CP110) -- 11.13. Miscellaneous goods and services (CP120) -- 11.13.1. Insurance expenditures (life and non-life) (CP125) -- 11.13.2. FISIM (CP1261) -- 11.13.3. Miscellaneous (less FISIM, less insurance) (CP12x). , 11.14. Adjustment for expenditures by resident households abroad (and expenditures by non-residents on the territory) (P33 and P34) -- 11.15. Social transfers in kind (D63P) -- 11.16. Change in net equity of households in pension funds (D8) -- 11.17. Taxes less subsidies on production and imports (memorandum item) -- 11.18. Consumer durables (memorandum item) -- References -- Notes -- 12 Consistency and plausibility checks -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Checking consistency and plausibility of distributional results -- 12.2.1. Checking internal consistency of distributional results -- 12.2.2. Analysing changes over time -- 12.2.3. Making cross-country comparisons -- 12.3. Obtaining insight into possible reasons for implausible results -- 12.3.1. Assessing the composition of the distributional results -- 12.3.2. Checking plausibility of the national accounts data -- 12.3.3. Checking plausibility of the micro data -- 12.3.4. Checking plausibility of imputations -- 12.3.5. Checking plausibility of aligning micro-macro gaps -- 12.3.6. Checking plausibility of linking or matching data across data sources -- 12.4. Conclusions -- References -- Notes -- 13 Indicators to present distributional results -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Presentation of data on "per household" or "per consumption unit" basis -- 13.3. Measures of disparity -- 13.4. Composition of household income and consumption -- 13.5. Indicators based on underlying micro data -- References -- 14 Further work -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Broadening the range of countries -- 14.3. Improving the timeliness of the distributional results -- 14.4. Increasing the granularity of the results -- 14.5. Increasing the frequency of the results -- 14.6. Exploring distributional results on wealth -- 14.7. Conclusions -- References -- Notes -- Annex A. Comparison between macro and micro concepts -- References.

Additional Edition: ISBN 92-64-82235-6

Language: English

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Format: 1 online resource (xxiii, 671 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-009-22925-7 , 1-009-22926-5 , 1-009-22927-3

Content: Have you ever wondered whether we are alone in the universe, or if life forms on other planets might exist? If they do exist, how might their languages have evolved? Could we ever understand them, and indeed learn to communicate with them? This highly original, thought-provoking book takes us on a fascinating journey over billions of years, from the formation of galaxies and solar systems, to the appearance of planets in the habitable zones of their parent stars, and then to how biology and, ultimately, human life arose on our own planet. It delves into how our brains and our language developed, in order to explore the likelihood of communication beyond Earth and whether it would evolve along similar lines. In the process, fascinating insights from the fields of astronomy, evolutionary biology, palaeoanthropology, neuroscience and linguistics are uncovered, shedding new light on life as we know it on Earth, and beyond.

Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 15 Sep 2023). , Cover -- Half-title page -- Endorsement page -- Title page -- Imprint page -- Contents -- Tables and Figures -- Preface -- How to Use This Book -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Approaching the Topic -- 1.1 Four Basic Questions -- 1.2 Working Backwards for a Moment -- 1.3 Questions, Questions, Questions -- 1.4 An Unlikely Story -- 1.5 Back to Reality -- 2 Looking beyond Earth -- 2.1 Are We Alone in the Universe? -- 2.2 What We Know about Exoplanets -- 2.3 Exobeings and Their Planetary Environment -- 2.4 Exobeings and Humans on Earth -- 2.5 From Knowns to Unknowns -- 2.6 Sources of Energy and Biological Evolution -- 2.7 The Brains of Exobeings -- 2.8 Emergence and Consciousness -- 3 Striving to Understand -- 3.1 What Is Scientific Speculation? -- 3.2 What Counts as Proof? -- 3.3 What Do Scientists Know and Not Know? -- 3.4 How Accurate Are Facts? -- 3.5 What We Still Cannot Explain -- 3.6 Problems and Mysteries -- 3.7 The Nature of Exceptions -- 3.8 What About 'Weird Life'? -- 3.9 How Different Could They Be from Us? -- 3.10 Two Other Questions -- Part II The Universe We Live In -- 4 Trying to Grasp Size -- 4.1 Astronomy and History -- 4.2 How Has the Universe Developed? -- 4.3 Estimating the Size of the Universe -- 4.4 The Observable Universe -- 5 Star Formation and Planets -- 5.1 Red Dwarfs -- 5.2 Brown Dwarfs -- 5.3 The Life of a Star -- 5.4 Where Do the Elements Come From? -- 5.5 Peering into the Future -- 6 The Likelihood of Life -- 6.1 Basic Preconditions -- 6.2 Favouring Factors -- 6.3 Key Developments and Events -- 6.4 Mass Extinctions in Earth's History -- 6.5 Strikes from Beyond -- 7 Possible Conditions on an Exoplanet -- 7.1 The Fine-Tuning Problem -- 7.2 Small-Scale and Large-Scale Structures -- 7.3 The Underlying Basis of Structure -- 7.4 Emergent Properties -- 7.5 Unintended Side Effects -- 7.6 Things Which Only Happened Once. , 7.7 What Are the Alternatives? -- 8 How and Where to Look for Exolife -- 8.1 Recent Finds in Our Cosmic Neighbourhood -- 8.2 Improved Technology -- 8.3 Methods for Finding Exoplanets -- 8.4 A Planet in the Habitable Zone -- 8.5 What About Rogue Planets? -- 8.6 Rare Earth Hypothesis -- 8.7 The Copernican Principle -- 8.8 Earth Similarity Index and Planetary Habitability Index -- 8.9 Classifying Exoplanets -- 8.10 When is an Exoplanet 'Earth-like'? -- 8.11 Potential for Life on Moons -- 8.12 A Lunar Trio -- 8.13 Microbial Life on a Moon: What Could It Tell Us? -- 8.14 Where Are We at Present? -- 9 The Limits of Exploration -- 9.1 Getting Around the Universe -- 9.2 Sending Out Probes -- 9.3 Getting Here After We Are Gone -- 9.4 A Feeling for Distance -- 10 Assessing Probabilities -- 10.1 Considering the Fermi Paradox -- 10.2 Looking at the Drake Equation -- Part III Our Story on Earth -- 11 The Slow Path of Evolution -- 11.1 Just What Is Life? -- 11.2 Energy Regime of the Body -- 11.3 Finding Out How Life Works -- 11.4 Our Restless World -- 11.5 Energy Gradients -- 11.6 Life Getting Under Way -- 11.7 Functional Principle and Realisation -- 11.8 The Rise of Predators -- 11.9 Different Kinds of Evolution -- 11.10 Genes and Phenotypes -- 11.11 Control from Above or Below? -- 11.12 'Design' from Below -- 12 How Does the Whole Work? -- 12.1 Devices and Organisms -- 12.2 Evolution and Design -- 12.3 Do the Parts Know the Whole? -- 12.4 A Question of Scale -- 12.5 When Do Cells Become an Organism? -- 12.6 Sexual Reproduction -- 12.7 Variety is the Spice of Life -- 12.8 A Quirk in Meiosis -- 12.9 Genetic Mutation -- 12.10 Divergent Evolution -- 12.11 Convergent Evolution -- 12.12 Analogous and Homologous Structures -- 12.13 Epilogue: Profusion in Nature -- 13 The Road to Homo sapiens -- 13.1 The Pitfall of Compressing the Past. , 13.2 Palaeoanthropology: Reaching Back in Time -- 13.3 Rummaging Around in Caves -- 13.4 The Out of Africa Hypothesis -- 13.5 'The March of Progress' -- 13.6 The Context of the Genus Homo -- 13.7 Divisions within the Genus Homo -- 13.8 The Progression of Consciousness -- 13.9 Defining Homo sapiens Anatomically -- 13.10 Energy Intake -- 13.11 Narrow Range of Values -- 13.12 Brain Size -- 13.13 Evolution of Our Anatomy and Physiology -- 13.14 Defining Homo sapiens Culturally -- 13.15 Tool Making, Cognition and Communication -- 13.16 Making Flint Tools -- 13.17 The Management of Fire -- 13.18 The Advent of Cooking -- 13.19 Wearing Clothes -- 13.20 Setbacks in Our Evolution -- 13.21 Hominins: The Big Picture Once More -- 13.22 A Unique Species and the Great Cognitive Gap -- 14 The Rise of Human Societies -- 14.1 In the Beginning Was the Group -- 14.2 Humans, the Great Extenders -- 14.3 The Origins of the Leader -- 14.4 Societies on Exoplanets -- 14.5 The Question of Violence -- 14.6 Evidence for Social Organisation -- 14.7 The Advent of Farming -- 14.8 Culture and Human Evolution -- 14.9 Cultural Buffering -- 14.10 Would Exosocieties Have Money? -- 14.11 And Would They Have Art? -- 14.12 The View from Science Fiction -- Part IV The Runaway Brain -- 15 The Brain-to-Body Relationship -- 15.1 Wallace's Puzzle -- 15.2 Are Brains Necessary for Life? -- 15.3 Structure of the Human Brain -- 15.4 Characteristics of the Human Brain -- 15.5 Windows on the World: The Human Senses -- 15.6 The Cost of Our Brain -- 16 How Brains Develop -- 16.1 Embryogenesis and the Brain -- 16.2 The Proliferation of Neurons -- 16.3 Childhood and Puberty -- 16.4 Lifespan and Aging -- 17 Our Cognition -- 17.1 The Limits of Cognition -- 17.2 Theory of Mind and the Notion of Self -- 17.3 Internalisation of the World We Perceive -- 17.4 The Tiger in the Bush: Our Love of Patterns. , 18 Consciousness -- 18.1 The Role of Emotions -- 18.2 The Origin of Emotions -- 18.3 The Hard Problem -- 18.4 The Sense of Self Again -- 18.5 Size of the Brain and Consciousness -- 18.6 Where Is Consciousness? -- 18.7 Consciousness and Attention -- 18.8 The Conscious and Unconscious Brain: A Division of Labour -- 18.9 The Quantum Brain? -- 18.10 Memory -- 18.11 Neuroplasticity -- 18.12 Consciousness: An Attempted Summary -- 18.13 A Final Remark -- 19 Artificial Intelligence -- 19.1 The Singularity: A Modern Frankenstein? -- 19.2 A Conscious Computer? -- 19.3 Sentio ergo sum Again -- 19.4 The Mental Lives of Exobeings -- Part V Language, Our Greatest Gift -- 20 Looking at Language -- 20.1 What Is Language? -- 20.2 The Purpose of Language -- 20.3 Definitions of Language -- 20.4 Design Features of Language -- 20.5 Structural Notions in Linguistics -- 21 Talking about Language -- 21.1 How Words Represent Meaning -- 21.2 Linguistic Relativity -- 21.3 Language as a Reflection of Speakers' World -- 21.4 Names and Language -- 21.5 Language, Environment and Culture -- 21.6 What Do Speakers Know about Language? -- 21.7 What Are Speaker Intuitions? -- 22 The View from Linguistics -- 22.1 The Complexity Envelope of Language -- 22.2 Levels of Language: Modular Organisation -- 22.3 Language Typology -- 22.4 Language Production -- 22.5 The Human Tongue and Throat -- 22.6 What We Hear -- 22.7 Vowels and Consonants -- 22.8 Convergent Evolution and Language Production -- 23 The Language Faculty and Languages -- 23.1 The Nature of Language Acquisition -- 23.2 The Question of Modality: Sound or Gestures? -- 23.3 Sign Language -- 23.4 Communication by Touch? -- 23.5 Receptive Modality -- 23.6 Language and Writing -- 23.7 Linguistic Diversity on Earth and Beyond -- 23.8 Was There One Original Language? -- 23.9 Language Change -- 24 Language and the Brain. , 24.1 Language Areas in the Brain -- 24.2 The Binding Problem in Language -- 24.3 Evidence from Language Impairments -- 24.4 Types of Aphasia -- 25 Acquiring Language -- 25.1 Are We Predestined for Speech? -- 25.2 The Absence of Exposure to Language -- 25.3 Characteristics of Language Acquisition -- 25.4 Stages of Language Acquisition -- 25.5 Abduction and Ambiguity in Language -- 25.6 Localisation of Language and Early Childhood -- 25.7 Language Transmission -- 25.8 The Logical Problem of Acquisition -- 25.9 The Evidence of Pidgins and Creoles -- 25.10 Is There a Gene for Language? -- 25.11 Constructed Languages -- 26 Humans and Animals -- 26.1 How Intelligent Are Animals? -- Part VI Life and Language, Here and Beyond -- 27 Preconditions for Life -- 27.1 What Can the Range of a Search Be? -- 27.2 The Panspermia Hypothesis -- 27.3 What Can Be Assumed about Exolife Forms? -- 27.4 Habitat Independence and Flexibility -- 27.5 To Recap: The Likelihood of Life -- 27.6 The Role of Serendipity -- 27.7 Being Out of Sync -- 27.8 Post-Human/Post-Biological? -- 28 What Might Exolife Be Like? -- 28.1 Lifespan for Exobeings -- 28.2 What Would Their Average Size Be? -- 28.3 Alternative Ecologies and Behaviours -- 28.4 Feeling Like an Exobeing -- 28.5 What About Free Will and Morality? -- 28.6 What Are Exobeings Likely to Share with Us? -- 28.7 How Smart Might They Be? -- 28.8 How Would They Count? -- 28.9 Would They Have a Sense of Time? -- 29 Looking for Signs of Life -- 29.1 Biosignatures and Technosignatures -- 29.2 The Nature of a Signal -- 29.3 METI: Trying to Get in Touch -- 29.4 Would They Want to Know Us? -- 30 The Issue of First Contact -- 30.1 Some Scenarios -- 30.2 How to Contact Them: Language-Independent Messages -- 30.3 A Messenger from Beyond? -- 30.4 Communicating without Meeting Them -- 30.5 And If We Find One, What Then?. , 30.6 Predicting Reactions.

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-009-22641-X

Language: English

Subjects: Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures

URL: lizenzpflichtig

URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009229272

UID:

Format: X, 214 S. , online resource.

Edition: 29th ed. 2003.

ISBN: 9783322848826

Content: Das bewährte Lehrbuch erklärt die Grundlagen der Vermessung. So zum Beispiel die vermessungstechnische Überprüfung und die Absteckung von Bauwerken, die geometrische Prüfung und Überwachung der Bauausführung nach Lage und Höhe während der Bauphase und nach Fertigstellung. Die beschriebenen Arbeitsabläufe sind ebenso Grundlage der Bauaufnahme, die als Umkehrung des vermessungstechnischen Arbeitens beim Bauen angesehen werden kann. Im vorliegenden Teil 1 werden Anwendung und Prüfung der Rollbandmasse für die Längenmessung, der analogen und digitalen Nivellierinstrumente für die Höhenmessung sowie der analogen und digitalen Theodolite eingehend besprochen. Geräte zur elektronischen Streckenmessung, digitale Tachymeter und Computertachymeter werden in Teil 2 behandelt.

Note: 1 Grundlage der Vermessungen -- 1.1 Bezugsflächen -- 1.2 Koordinatensysteme -- 1.3 Maße -- 1.4 Fehler, Standardabweichung, Vertrauensbereich -- 1.5 Toleranzen im Bauwesen -- 2 Lagemessungen (Horizontalmessungen) -- 2.1 Bezeichnen von Punkten in der Örtlichkeit -- 2.2 Abstecken von Geraden -- 2.3 Abstecken von rechten Winkeln -- 2.4 Einfache Längenmessung -- 3 Geländeaufnahme (Stückvermessung) -- 3.1 Rechtwinkelverfahren -- 3.2 Einbindeverfahren -- 3.3 Vereinigtes Rechtwinkel- und Einbindeverfahren -- 3.4 Polarverfahren -- 3.5 Verfahren der freien Standpunktwahl (freie Stationierung) -- 3.6 Messungsproben -- 3.7 Führen des Risses (Feldbuches) -- 4 Fertigen von Lageplänen -- 4.1 Auftragen von Punkten nach Koordinaten -- 4.2 Vervielfältigungen von Plänen -- 5 Einfache Koordinatenberechnung -- 5.1 Höhe und Höhenfußpunkt -- 5.2 Einrechnen von Kleinpunkten auf der Linie -- 5.3 Einrechnen von seitwärts der Linie gelegenen Punkten -- 5.4 Schnittpunkt zweier Geraden -- 6 Flächenberechnungen, Flächenteilungen -- 6.1 Flächenberechnung aus örtlich gemessenen Maßen (aus Dreiecken und Trapezen) -- 6.2 Flächenberechnung aus rechtwinkligen Koordinaten -- 6.3 Flächenberechnung aus Polarkoordinaten -- 6.4 Halbgraphische Flächenberechnung -- 6.5 Graphische Flächenbestimmung -- 6.6 Planimeter -- 6.7 Zulässige Abweichungen für Flächenberechnungen -- 6.8 Praktische Hinweise zur Flächenberechnung -- 6.9 Flächenteilungen, Flächenausgleich -- 7 Hauptbestandteile der Vermessungsinstrumente -- 7.1 Das Fernrohr -- 7.2 Libellen -- 8 Einfache Geräte zur Höhenmessung -- 8.1 Schlauchwaage 11° -- 8.2 Setzlatte -- 8.3 Pentagonprisma und Schnurlot -- 9 Das Nivellierinstrument -- 9.1 Stativ, Befestigung des Nivellierinstrumentes auf dem Stativ -- 9.2 Der Aufbau des Nivellierinstrumentes -- 9.3 Nivellierinstrumente-Typen (analoge und digitale) -- 9.4 Prüfen und Berichtigen des Nivellierinstrumentes -- 9.5 Nivellierlatten und Zubehör -- 10 Höhenmessung (Nivellement) -- 10.1 Festlegen und Vermarken der Nivellementpunkte -- 10.2 Die Ausführung des Nivellements -- 10.3 Streckennivellements -- 10.4 Längs- und Querprofile -- 10.5 Flächennivellement -- 10.6 Praktische Hinweise zur Höhenmessung -- 11 Der Theodolit -- 11.1 Horizontalwinkel, Vertikalwinkel, Richtungen -- 11.2 Stativ, Befestigen des Theodolits auf dem Stativ -- 11.3 Der Aufbau des Theodolits -- 11.4 Ablotevorrichtungen -- 11.5 Ableseeinrichtungen -- 11.6 Theodolit-Typen (analoge und digitale) -- 11.7 Sonderzubehör -- 11.8 Prüfen und Berichtigen des Theodolits -- 11.9 Behandlung und Pflege des Theodolits -- 12 Winkelmessung -- 12.1 Zentrieren und Horizontieren -- 12.2 Einstellen des Fernrohrs auf das Ziel -- 12.3 Horizontalwinkel -- 12.4 Vertikalwinkel -- 12.5 Praktische Hinweise zur Winkelmessung -- Schrifttum.

In: Springer eBooks

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783519252528

Language: German

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-322-84882-6

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84882-6

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xii, 513 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-108-80076-9 , 1-108-77875-5

Content: This new book on mathematical logic by Jeremy Avigad gives a thorough introduction to the fundamental results and methods of the subject from the syntactic point of view, emphasizing logic as the study of formal languages and systems and their proper use. Topics include proof theory, model theory, the theory of computability, and axiomatic foundations, with special emphasis given to aspects of mathematical logic that are fundamental to computer science, including deductive systems, constructive logic, the simply typed lambda calculus, and type-theoretic foundations. Clear and engaging, with plentiful examples and exercises, it is an excellent introduction to the subject for graduate students and advanced undergraduates who are interested in logic in mathematics, computer science, and philosophy, and an invaluable reference for any practicing logician's bookshelf.

Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 09 Sep 2022). , Cover -- Half-title page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Fundamentals -- 1.1 Languages and Structures -- 1.2 Inductively Defined Sets -- 1.3 Terms and Formulas -- 1.4 Trees -- 1.5 Structural Recursion -- 1.6 Bound Variables -- Bibliographical Notes -- 2 Propositional Logic -- 2.1 The Language of Propositional Logic -- 2.2 Axiomatic Systems -- 2.3 The Provability Relation -- 2.4 Natural Deduction -- 2.5 Some Propositional Validities -- 2.6 Normal Forms for Classical Logic -- 2.7 Translations Between Logics -- 2.8 Other Deductive Systems -- Bibliographical Notes -- 3 Semantics of Propositional Logic -- 3.1 Classical Logic -- 3.2 Algebraic Semantics for Classical Logic -- 3.3 Intuitionistic Logic -- 3.4 Algebraic Semantics for Intuitionistic Logic -- 3.5 Variations -- Bibliographical Notes -- 4 First-Order Logic -- 4.1 The Language of First-Order Logic -- 4.2 Quantifiers -- 4.3 Equality -- 4.4 Equational and Quantifier-Free Logic -- 4.5 Normal Forms for Classical Logic -- 4.6 Translations Between Logics -- 4.7 Definite Descriptions -- 4.8 Sorts and Undefined Terms -- Bibliographical Notes -- 5 Semantics of First-Order Logic -- 5.1 Classical Logic -- 5.2 Equational and Quantifier-Free Logic -- 5.3 Intuitionistic Logic -- 5.4 Algebraic Semantics -- 5.5 Definability -- 5.6 Some Model Theory -- Bibliographical Notes -- 6 Cut Elimination -- 6.1 An Intuitionistic Sequent Calculus -- 6.2 Classical Sequent Calculi -- 6.3 Cut-Free Completeness of Classical Logic -- 6.4 Cut Elimination for Classical Logic -- 6.5 Cut Elimination for Intuitionistic Logic -- 6.6 Equality -- 6.7 Variations on Cut Elimination -- 6.8 Cut-Free Completeness of Intuitionistic Logic -- Bibliographical Notes -- 7 Properties of First-Order Logic -- 7.1 Herbrand's Theorem -- 7.2 Explicit Definability and the Disjunction Property. , 7.3 Interpolation Theorems -- 7.4 Indefinite Descriptions -- 7.5 Skolemization in Classical Theories -- Bibliographical Notes -- 8 Primitive Recursion -- 8.1 The Primitive Recursive Functions -- 8.2 Some Primitive Recursive Functions and Relations -- 8.3 Finite Sets and Sequences -- 8.4 Other Recursion Principles -- 8.5 Recursion along Well-Founded Relations -- 8.6 Diagonalization and Reflection -- Bibliographical Notes -- 9 Primitive Recursive Arithmetic -- 9.1 A Quantifier-Free Axiomatization -- 9.2 Bootstrapping PRA -- 9.3 Finite Sets and Sequences -- 9.4 First-Order PRA -- 9.5 Equational PRA -- Bibliographical Notes -- 10 First-Order Arithmetic -- 10.1 Peano Arithmetic and Heyting Arithmetic -- 10.2 The Arithmetic Hierarchy -- 10.3 Subsystems of First-Order Arithmetic -- 10.4 Interpreting PRA -- 10.5 Truth and Reflection -- 10.6 Conservation Results via Cut Elimination -- 10.7 Conservation Results via Model Theory -- Bibliographical Notes -- 11 Computability -- 11.1 The Computable Functions -- 11.2 Computability and Arithmetic Definability -- 11.3 Undecidability and the Halting Problem -- 11.4 Computably Enumerable Sets -- 11.5 The Recursion Theorem -- 11.6 Turing Machines -- 11.7 The Lambda Calculus -- 11.8 Relativized Computation -- 11.9 Computability and Infinite Binary Trees -- Bibliographical Notes -- 12 Undecidability and Incompleteness -- 12.1 Computability and Representability -- 12.2 Incompleteness via Undecidability -- 12.3 Incompleteness via Self-Reference -- 12.4 The Second Incompleteness Theorem -- 12.5 Some Decidable Theories -- Bibliographical Notes -- 13 Finite Types -- 13.1 The Simply Typed Lambda Calculus -- 13.2 Strong Normalization -- 13.3 Confluence -- 13.4 Combinatory Logic -- 13.5 Equational Theories -- 13.6 First-Order Theories and Models -- 13.7 Primitive Recursive Functionals -- 13.8 Propositions as Types. , Bibliographical Notes -- 14 Arithmetic and Computation -- 14.1 Realizability -- 14.2 Metamathematical Applications -- 14.3 Modified Realizability -- 14.4 Finite-Type Arithmetic -- 14.5 The Dialectica Interpretation -- Bibliographical Notes -- 15 Second-Order Logic and Arithmetic -- 15.1 Second-Order Logic -- 15.2 Semantics of Second-Order Logic -- 15.3 Cut Elimination -- 15.4 Second-Order Arithmetic -- 15.5 The Analytic Hierarchy -- 15.6 The Second-Order Typed Lambda Calculus -- 15.7 Higher-Order Logic and Arithmetic -- Bibliographical Notes -- 16 Subsystems of Second-Order Arithmetic -- 16.1 Arithmetic Comprehension -- 16.2 Recursive Comprehension -- 16.3 Formalizing Analysis -- 16.4 Weak Kőnig's Lemma -- 16.5 ∏ [(1/1)] Comprehension and Inductive Definitions -- 16.6 Arithmetic Transfinite Recursion -- Bibliographical Notes -- 17 Foundations -- 17.1 Simple Type Theory -- 17.2 Mathematics in Simple Type Theory -- 17.3 Set Theory -- 17.4 Mathematics in Set Theory -- 17.5 Dependent Type Theory -- 17.6 Inductive Types -- 17.7 Mathematics in Dependent Type Theory -- Bibliographical Notes -- Appendix A Background -- A.1 Naive Set Theory -- A.2 Orders and Equivalence Relations -- A.3 Cardinality and Zorn's Lemma -- A.4 Topology -- A.5 Category Theory -- References -- Notation -- Typographical conventions -- Symbols -- Index.

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781108478755

Language: English

Subjects: Mathematics

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

URL: lizenzpflichtig

URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108778756

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (242 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9783031364945

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Environmental Pollutants and Human Exposure -- 1.1 The Biological Agents -- 1.2 Radiations -- 1.3 Chemical Contaminants -- 1.3.1 Endocrine Disruptors -- 1.4 Global Warming -- References -- Chapter 2: Cellular Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption -- 2.1 Endocrine Disruptors: Impact on Health -- 2.1.1 Effects of EDCs on Metabolism -- 2.1.2 EDCs and Cancer -- 2.1.3 Effects of EDCs on Reproduction, Growth, and Development -- 2.2 Targets of EDCs: Genomic and Nongenomic Modulation -- 2.2.1 EDCs and Genomic Modulation -- 2.2.2 EDCs and Nongenomic Modulation -- 2.3 Hormone Mimicry and Disruption by EDCs: Modulation of Hormone Activity -- 2.4 Mechanism of Action of EDCs and Estrogens -- 2.5 Mechanism of Action of EDCs and Androgens -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Endocrine Disruptors, Epigenetic Changes, and Transgenerational Transmission -- 3.1 Effects of Epigenetics on Human Reproduction: An Introduction -- 3.2 Association Between EDCs and Epigenetics on Human Fertility -- 3.3 Effect of EDC Epigenetics Modification on Gene Expression in Human Reproduction -- 3.4 Effect of EDC-Induced DNA Methylation on Male and Female Reproductive Tract -- 3.5 Effects of EDC-Induced DNA Methylation During Development and Germ Line Differentiation -- 3.6 Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 4: Introduction to Environmental Pollutants and Human Reproduction -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Recent Trends in Human Reproduction -- 4.1.2 Environmental Pollutants -- 4.1.2.1 Air Pollution -- 4.1.2.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- 4.1.2.3 Pesticides -- 4.1.2.4 Parabens -- 4.1.2.5 Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)/Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) -- 4.1.3 A Striking Example: The Role of Bisphenol -- 4.1.3.1 Bisphenol Pathophysiological Impact -- 4.1.3.2 Bisphenol A and Infertility. , The Reproductive Organ Impairment in Females -- The Folliculogenesis Impairment -- The Altered Embryo Implantation -- 4.1.3.3 To Strengthen the Concept: The Role of Phthalates -- References -- Chapter 5: Endocrine Disruption in Women: A Cause of PCOS, Early Puberty, or Endometriosis -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 PCOS -- 5.3 Early Puberty and EDCs -- 5.4 Phthalates -- 5.5 BPA (Bisphenol A) -- 5.6 Pesticides -- 5.7 Endometriosis -- 5.8 Bisphenols -- 5.9 Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds -- 5.10 Phthalates -- 5.11 Medications as Endocrine Disruptors -- 5.11.1 Diethylstilbestrol -- 5.12 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Endocrine Disruptors and Cancers in Women -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Importance of Studying Endocrine Disruptors When Studying the Genesis of Breast Cancer -- 6.3 Endocrine Disruptors and Breast Cancer -- 6.3.1 Organochlorines (DDT, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [DDE], and PCB) -- 6.3.1.1 In Vitro Studies and Organochlorines -- 6.3.1.2 In Vivo Studies and Serum Organochlorine Levels -- 6.3.1.3 In Vivo Studies and Fat Levels of Organochlorines -- 6.3.2 Bisphenol A and Phthalates -- 6.4 Endocrine Disruptors and Endometrial/Ovarian Cancer -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Endocrine Disruption in the Male -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Mechanism of Action of EDCs on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis -- 7.3 Bisphenol A -- 7.4 Phthalates -- 7.5 Perfluoroalkyl Compounds -- 7.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) and Reproductive Outcomes -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Impact of EDCs on IVF Outcomes -- 8.2.1 Bisphenol A -- 8.2.2 Phthalates -- 8.2.3 Triclosan -- 8.2.4 Parabens -- 8.2.5 Persistent Organic Pollutants -- 8.2.6 Implications for Practice -- 8.3 Impact of EDCs on Pregnancy Outcomes -- 8.3.1 Miscarriage -- 8.3.2 Preeclampsia -- 8.3.3 Infant Birth Weight -- 8.3.4 Cholestasis. , 8.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and the Offsprings: Prenatal Exposure -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Identification Overview -- 9.2.1 Endocrine Glands and System -- 9.2.1.1 Glands -- 9.2.1.2 Hormones -- 9.2.1.3 Receptors -- 9.2.2 Reproductive Health -- 9.2.3 Environment -- 9.2.4 Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals -- 9.2.4.1 Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals and Action Overview -- 9.2.4.2 Endocrine Disruptor Chemical Effects on Human Body Systems, Reproductive Health, Prenatal Exposure, and Offsprings -- 9.2.4.3 EDCs' Effects on Female and Male Reproductive Health -- 9.3 States of EDC Science -- References -- Chapter 10: Policy Implication and Community Interventions to Reduce EDCs Exposure -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Europe Police Priorities on EDCs: REACH Regulation, European Plant Protection Products Regulation (PPPR), Biocidal Products Regulation (BPR) -- 10.3 Other EDCs Regulations -- 10.4 Economic Burden -- 10.5 Limiting Exposure to EDCs -- 10.6 Policy Management and Recommendations -- 10.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Talking with Patients and the Public About Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals -- 11.1 Scope of the Problem -- 11.2 Empowering Healthcare Professionals to Talk with Patients and the Public About EDCs -- 11.3 Taking An Environmental Exposure History -- 11.4 Patient (and Clinician) Resources -- 11.5 Resources for Healthcare Professionals, Trainees, and Others -- 11.6 Talking with Patients and the Public About EDCs and Risk Assessment and Mitigation -- 11.7 How Healthcare Providers Can Advocate for Change -- 11.8 What Will It Take for People to Pay Attention to EDCs and Human Health? -- 11.9 Summary -- References.

Additional Edition: Print version: Marci, Roberto Environment Impact on Reproductive Health Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2023 ISBN 9783031364938

Language: English

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ISBN: 9781119092933 , 1119092930 , 9781119092926 , 1119092922 , 9781119092919 , 1119092914

Content: Giving extensive coverage to computer science and software engineering since they play such a central role in the daily work of a data scientist, this comprehensive book provides a crash course in data science, combining all the necessary skills into a unified discipline. --

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction: Becoming a Unicorn -- 1.1 Aren't Data Scientists Just Overpaid Statisticians? -- 1.2 How Is This Book Organized? -- 1.3 How to Use This Book? -- 1.4 Why Is It All in Python™, Anyway? -- 1.5 Example Code and Datasets -- 1.6 Parting Words -- Part 1 The Stuff You'll Always Use -- Chapter 2 The Data Science Road Map -- 2.1 Frame the Problem -- 2.2 Understand the Data: Basic Questions -- 2.3 Understand the Data: Data Wrangling -- 2.4 Understand the Data: Exploratory Analysis -- 2.5 Extract Features -- 2.6 Model -- 2.7 Present Results -- 2.8 Deploy Code -- 2.9 Iterating -- 2.10 Glossary -- Chapter 3 Programming Languages -- 3.1 Why Use a Programming Language? What Are the Other Options? -- 3.2 A Survey of Programming Languages for Data Science -- 3.3 Python Crash Course -- 3.4 Strings -- 3.5 Defining Functions -- 3.6 Python's Technical Libraries -- 3.7 Other Python Resources -- 3.8 Further Reading -- 3.9 Glossary -- Interlude: My Personal Toolkit -- Chapter 4 Data Munging: String Manipulation, Regular Expressions, and Data Cleaning -- 4.1 The Worst Dataset in the World -- 4.2 How to Identify Pathologies -- 4.3 Problems with Data Content -- 4.4 Formatting Issues -- 4.5 Example Formatting Script -- 4.6 Regular Expressions -- 4.7 Life in the Trenches -- 4.8 Glossary -- Chapter 5 Visualizations and Simple Metrics -- 5.1 A Note on Python's Visualization Tools -- 5.2 Example Code -- 5.3 Pie Charts -- 5.4 Bar Charts -- 5.5 Histograms -- 5.6 Means, Standard Deviations, Medians, and Quantiles -- 5.7 Boxplots -- 5.8 Scatterplots -- 5.9 Scatterplots with Logarithmic Axes -- 5.10 Scatter Matrices -- 5.11 Heatmaps -- 5.12 Correlations -- 5.13 Anscombe's Quartet and the Limits of Numbers -- 5.14 Time Series -- 5.15 Further Reading -- 5.16 Glossary. , Chapter 6 Machine Learning Overview -- 6.1 Historical Context -- 6.2 Supervised versus Unsupervised -- 6.3 Training Data, Testing Data, and the Great Boogeyman of Overfitting -- 6.4 Further Reading -- 6.5 Glossary -- Chapter 7 Interlude: Feature Extraction Ideas -- 7.1 Standard Features -- 7.2 Features That Involve Grouping -- 7.3 Preview of More Sophisticated Features -- 7.4 Defining the Feature You Want to Predict -- Chapter 8 Machine Learning Classification -- 8.1 What Is a Classifier, and What Can You Do with It? -- 8.2 A Few Practical Concerns -- 8.3 Binary versus Multiclass -- 8.4 Example Script -- 8.5 Specific Classifiers -- 8.6 Evaluating Classifiers -- 8.7 Selecting Classification Cutoffs -- 8.8 Further Reading -- 8.9 Glossary -- Chapter 9 Technical Communication and Documentation -- 9.1 Several Guiding Principles -- 9.2 Slide Decks -- 9.3 Written Reports -- 9.4 Speaking: What Has Worked for Me -- 9.5 Code Documentation -- 9.6 Further Reading -- 9.7 Glossary -- Part II Stuff You Still Need to Know -- Chapter 10 Unsupervised Learning: Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction -- 10.1 The Curse of Dimensionality -- 10.2 Example: Eigenfaces for Dimensionality Reduction -- 10.3 Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis -- 10.4 Skree Plots and Understanding Dimensionality -- 10.5 Factor Analysis -- 10.6 Limitations of PCA -- 10.7 Clustering -- 10.8 Further Reading -- 10.9 Glossary -- Chapter 11 Regression -- 11.1 Example: Predicting Diabetes Progression -- 11.2 Least Squares -- 11.3 Fitting Nonlinear Curves -- 11.4 Goodness of Fit: R2 and Correlation -- 11.5 Correlation of Residuals -- 11.6 Linear Regression -- 11.7 LASSO Regression and Feature Selection -- 11.8 Further Reading -- 11.9 Glossary -- Chapter 12 Data Encodings and File Formats -- 12.1 Typical File Format Categories -- 12.2 CSV Files -- 12.3 JSON Files -- 12.4 XML Files. , 17.5 Smoothing Signals -- 17.6 Logarithms and Other Transformations -- 17.7 Trends and Periodicity -- 17.8 Windowing -- 17.9 Brainstorming Simple Features -- 17.10 Better Features: Time Series as Vectors -- 17.11 Fourier Analysis: Sometimes a Magic Bullet -- 17.12 Time Series in Context: The Whole Suite of Features -- 17.13 Further Reading -- 17.14 Glossary -- Chapter 18 Probability -- 18.1 Flipping Coins: Bernoulli Random Variables -- 18.2 Throwing Darts: Uniform Random Variables -- 18.3 The Uniform Distribution and Pseudorandom Numbers -- 18.4 Nondiscrete, Noncontinuous Random Variables -- 18.5 Notation, Expectations, and Standard Deviation -- 18.6 Dependence, Marginal and Conditional Probability -- 18.7 Understanding the Tails -- 18.8 Binomial Distribution -- 18.9 Poisson Distribution -- 18.10 Normal Distribution -- 18.11 Multivariate Gaussian -- 18.12 Exponential Distribution -- 18.13 Log-Normal Distribution -- 18.14 Entropy -- 18.15 Further Reading -- 18.16 Glossary -- Chapter 19 Statistics -- 19.1 Statistics in Perspective -- 19.2 Bayesian versus Frequentist: Practical Tradeoffs and Differing Philosophies -- 19.3 Hypothesis Testing: Key Idea and Example -- 19.4 Multiple Hypothesis Testing -- 19.5 Parameter Estimation -- 19.6 Hypothesis Testing: t-Test -- 19.7 Confidence Intervals -- 19.8 Bayesian Statistics -- 19.9 Naive Bayesian Statistics -- 19.10 Bayesian Networks -- 19.11 Choosing Priors: Maximum Entropy or Domain Knowledge -- 19.12 Further Reading -- 19.13 Glossary -- Chapter 20 Programming Language Concepts -- 20.1 Programming Paradigms -- 20.2 Compilation and Interpretation -- 20.3 Type Systems -- 20.4 Further Reading -- 20.5 Glossary -- Chapter 21 Performance and Computer Memory -- 21.1 Example Script -- 21.2 Algorithm Performance and Big-O Notation -- 21.3 Some Classic Problems: Sorting a List and Binary Search. , 21.4 Amortized Performance and Average Performance -- 21.5 Two Principles: Reducing Overhead and Managing Memory -- 21.6 Performance Tip: Use Numerical Libraries When Applicable -- 21.7 Performance Tip: Delete Large Structures You Don't Need -- 21.8 Performance Tip: Use Built-In Functions When Possible -- 21.9 Performance Tip: Avoid Superfluous Function Calls -- 21.10 Performance Tip: Avoid Creating Large New Objects -- 21.11 Further Reading -- 21.12 Glossary -- Part III Specialized or Advanced Topics -- Chapter 22 Computer Memory and Data Structures -- 22.1 Virtual Memory, the Stack, and the Heap -- 22.2 Example C Program -- 22.3 Data Types and Arrays in Memory -- 22.4 Structs -- 22.5 Pointers, the Stack, and the Heap -- 22.6 Key Data Structures -- 22.7 Further Reading -- 22.8 Glossary -- Chapter 23 Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Optimization -- 23.1 Maximum Likelihood Estimation -- 23.2 A Simple Example: Fitting a Line -- 23.3 Another Example: Logistic Regression -- 23.4 Optimization -- 23.5 Gradient Descent and Convex Optimization -- 23.6 Convex Optimization -- 23.7 Stochastic Gradient Descent -- 23.8 Further Reading -- 23.9 Glossary -- Chapter 24 Advanced Classifiers -- 24.1 A Note on Libraries -- 24.2 Basic Deep Learning -- 24.3 Convolutional Neural Networks -- 24.4 Different Types of Layers. What the Heck Is a Tensor? -- 24.5 Example: The MNIST Handwriting Dataset -- 24.6 Recurrent Neural Networks -- 24.7 Bayesian Networks -- 24.8 Training and Prediction -- 24.9 Markov Chain Monte Carlo -- 24.10 PyMC Example -- 24.11 Further Reading -- 24.12 Glossary -- Chapter 25 Stochastic Modeling -- 25.1 Markov Chains -- 25.2 Two Kinds of Markov Chain, Two Kinds of Questions -- 25.3 Markov Chain Monte Carlo -- 25.4 Hidden Markov Models and the Viterbi Algorithm -- 25.5 The Viterbi Algorithm -- 25.6 Random Walks -- 25.7 Brownian Motion.

Additional Edition: Print version: Cady, Field, 1984- Data science handbook. Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017 ISBN 9781119092940

Language: English

Subjects: Computer Science

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Handbooks and manuals. ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; Electronic books. ; Handbooks and manuals. ; Handbook ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; Electronic books. ; Handbooks and manuals. ; Electronic books.

URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119092919

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Format: 1 online resource (xvii, 248 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

Edition: Second edition.

ISBN: 9781009208857 , 1009208853 , 9781009208871 , 100920887X , 9781009208840 , 1009208845

Series Statement: Cambridge fundamentals of neuroscience in psychology

Content: The Neuroscience of Sleep and Dreams provides comprehensive coverage of the basic neuroscience of both sleep and dreams for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students. It details new scientific discoveries, places those discoveries within evolutionary context, and links established findings with implications for sleep medicine. This second edition focuses on recent developments in the social nature of sleep and dreams. Coverage includes the neuroscience of all stages of sleep; the lifespan development of these sleep stages; the role of non-REM and REM sleep in health and mental health; comparative sleep; biological rhythms; sleep disorders; sleep memory; dream content; dream phenomenology, and dream functions. Students, scientists, and interested non-specialists will find this book accessible and informative.

Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 06 Apr 2023). , Cover -- Half-title -- Series information -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter One What Is Sleep?: The Evolutionary Background -- Learning Objectives -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Major Characteristics of Sleep -- 1.2.1 Sleep Is a Homeostatically Regulated Process -- 1.2.2 Sleep Is Restorative -- 1.2.3 The Role of Local Slow Waves in Restorative Sleep -- 1.2.4 The Unusual Regulation of REM in Relation to Restorative Sleep -- 1.2.5 Sleep Is a Reversible State -- 1.2.6 Sleep Is Brain State Regulated by Both Top-Down and Bottom-Up Processes -- 1.2.7 Sleep Is Embedded within Circadian and Social-Physiologic Organization -- 1.2.8 NREM Is a Quiescent State While REM Is Not -- 1.2.9 Sleep Is Also Characterized by Perceptual Disengagement -- 1.2.10 Sleep Is Associated with a Species-Specific Posture and Eye Closure -- 1.2.11 Sleep Is Associated with Elevated Arousal Thresholds -- 1.2.12 Sleep Onset Is Associated with Ritualized Social Signaling Behaviors -- 1.2.13 Interim Summary -- 1.3 Comparative Sleep -- 1.3.1 Invertebrates -- 1.3.2 Vertebrates -- Fish -- Reptiles -- 1.3.3 Avian Sleep -- Monotremes -- 1.3.4 Aquatic Mammals -- 1.3.5 Terrestrial Mammals -- 1.3.6 Primates -- 1.3.7 Ancestral Human Sleep -- 1.3.8 Summary -- 1.4 Review Questions -- Further Reading -- Part I Sleep -- Chapter Two From Biological Rhythms to the Sleep Cycle -- Learning Objectives -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Circadian Rhythms and Sleep -- 2.2.1 Introduction -- 2.2.2 The REM-NREM Cycle -- 2.2.3 What Triggers the Ultradian Sleep Cycle? -- 2.2.4 The Interaction of Circadian Rhythms with Sleep Rhythms: The Two-Process Sleep Regulation Model -- 2.2.5 Social Modulation of Biological Rhythms -- 2.2.6 Rhythm Disorders -- 2.2.7 Conclusion -- 2.3 Review Questions -- Further Reading. , Chapter Three Expression of Sleep across the Human Lifespan -- Learning Objectives -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Gut Micro-Biome and Sleep across the Lifespan -- 3.3 Evolutionary Background to Lifespan Sleep Schedules -- 3.3.1 Heterochrony or Changes in the Timing of Neurodevelopmental Processes -- 3.3.2 Executive Control Neural Networks, Technology, and Sleep -- 3.3.3 Cumulative Cultural Evolution, Executive Cognitive Control, and REM Sleep -- 3.3.4 REM Sleep and Dreams as Critical for Cumulative Cultural Evolution -- 3.3.5 Humans Differentially Invested in REM in the Upper Paleolithic -- 3.3.6 Parent-Offspring Conflict and Sleep -- 3.3.7 Life History Theory and Sleep -- 3.3.8 Attachment Theory and Sleep -- 3.4 Lifespan Development of Sleep -- 3.4.1 Fetal Sleep -- 3.4.2 Neonatal Sleep -- 3.4.3 Attachment and Infant Sleep -- 3.4.4 Infant Sleep and Genetic Conflict -- 3.4.5 Sleep in Childhood -- 3.4.6 Sleep in Teens -- 3.4.7 Sleep in Adulthood: Women -- 3.4.8 Sleep in the Elderly -- 3.4.9 Conclusions -- 3.5 Review Questions -- Further Reading -- Chapter Four Characteristics of REM and NREM Sleep -- Learning Objectives -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Characteristics of NREM -- 4.2.1 Brain Mechanisms in NREM -- 4.2.2 Slow Wave Sleep and Growth Hormone -- 4.2.3 Slow Wave Activity and Memory -- 4.2.4 Special Role of N3 SWS Sleep in Children -- 4.2.5 Bodily Changes during NREM -- 4.2.6 Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI) -- 4.3 Characteristics of REM -- 4.3.1 The Biobehavioral Characteristics of REM -- 4.3.2 REM On and REM Off Cellular Networks -- 4.3.3 Brain Mechanisms in REM -- 4.3.4 REM and Motivational Reward -- 4.3.5 REM-Related Physiologic Phenomena -- 4.3.6 REM Dream Content -- 4.3.7 Conclusions: REM versus NREM Sleep -- 4.4 Review Questions -- Further Reading -- Chapter Five Sleep Disorders -- Learning Objectives -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Dyssomnias. , 5.2.1 Insomnia -- 5.2.2 Primary Insomnia -- 5.2.3 Secondary Insomnia -- 5.2.4 Major Depression -- 5.2.5 Sleep Apnea -- 5.2.6 Narcolepsy -- 5.3 Parasomnias -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Non-Rem Parasomnias Sleepwalking -- 5.3.3 Sleep Sex -- 5.3.4 Night Terrors -- 5.3.5 Sleep-Related Binge Eating -- 5.3.6 Sleep Talking -- 5.3.7 ''Exploding Head Syndrome'' -- 5.3.8 REM Parasomnias -- 5.3.9 Nightmares -- 5.3.10 REM Behavior Disorder -- 5.3.11 Sleep Paralysis -- 5.3.12 Conclusions -- 5.4 Review Questions -- Further Reading -- Chapter Six Theories of REM and NREM Sleep -- Learning Objectives -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 NREM -- 6.2.1 NREM Sleep Promotes Optimal Immune System Responses -- 6.2.2 Sleep Is for Rest/Replenishment: Sleep Restores Energy -- 6.2.3 NREM Restore Optimal Cognitive Performance Particularly for Frontal Lobes -- 6.2.4 NREM Promotes Optimal Neuronal Connectivity -- 6.2.5 NREM Promotes Certain Forms of Memory Processing -- 6.3 REM -- 6.3.1 Memory Consolidation -- 6.3.2 Dialogue between the Hippocampus and Cortex during REM -- 6.3.3 REM Functions to Promote Brain Development -- 6.3.4 REM Regulates Expressions of Emotions and/or Emotional Balance -- 6.3.5 NREM-REM Interactions and Genetic Conflict -- 6.3.6 Conclusions -- 6.4 Review Questions -- Further Reading -- Part II Dreams -- Chapter Seven What Are Dreams? -- Learning Objectives -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Increased Emotions in Dreams -- 7.3 Hypermnesia within the Dream and Amnesia for the Dream -- 7.4 The Visual Sense Predominates in Dreams -- 7.5 Automaticity -- 7.6 Perceptual Disengagement -- 7.7 Hyper-creativity -- 7.8 Self-Reflectiveness in Dreams -- 7.9 Mind Reading in Dreams -- 7.10 Basic Ontology of the Dreamworld -- 7.11 Narrative Structure -- 7.12 Brain and the Phenomenology of Dreams -- 7.13 Conclusions -- 7.14 Review Questions -- Further Reading. , Chapter Eight Dreams across the Human Lifespan -- Learning Objectives -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Dreaming and the Social Brain -- 8.3 Overlap of the Social Brain with the REM Dreaming Brain -- 8.4 Children's Dreams and Nightmares -- 8.5 Adulthood: Male versus Female Dreams -- 8.6 Attachment Dreams -- 8.7 Changes in Dream Content with Age -- 8.8 Death and Dreams -- 8.9 Conclusions -- 8.10 Review Questions -- Further Reading -- Chapter Nine Characteristics of REM and NREM Dreams -- Learning Objectives -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 NREM-REM Content Differences: Evidence from Dream Enactment Studies -- 9.1.2 The Interaction of REM and NREM Dreams -- 9.2 Characteristics of REM Dreams -- 9.2.1 Introduction -- 9.2.2 REM Dreams Are Associated with Reduced Self-Reflectiveness -- 9.2.3 REM Dreams Have an Unusually Large Number of Familiar and Unfamiliar Characters -- 9.2.4 REM Dreams Have Greater Numbers of Social Interactions and Higher Levels of Aggression -- 9.2.5 REM Dreams Engage in Greater Amounts of Emotional Processing -- 9.2.6 REM Dreams May Be More Storylike Than NREM Dreams -- 9.2.7 Conclusions -- 9.3 Review Questions -- Further Reading -- Chapter Ten Dream Varieties -- Learning Objectives -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Dream Recall -- 10.3 Neural Correlates of Dream Recall -- 10.4 Lucid Dreamers Are Specially High Dream Recallers -- 10.5 What Can Be Done to Boost Dream Recall Rates -- 10.6 Dreams in Traditional Societies -- 10.7 Physical Symptom Dreams -- 10.8 Dreams of Patients with Multiple Personality Disorder/Dissociative Identity Disorder (MPD/DID) -- 10.9 Sexual Dreams -- 10.10 Incubated Dreams -- 10.11 Lucid Dreams -- 10.12 Twin Dreams -- 10.13 Big Dreams -- 10.14 Nightmares -- 10.15 Meeting One's Double in a Dream/Nightmare -- 10.16 Visitation Dreams -- 10.17 False Awakenings and Sleep Paralysis Dreams -- 10.18 Sleep Paralysis Dreams. , 10.19 Musical Dreams -- 10.20 Dreams of the Sensorially Limited -- 10.21 Recurrent Dreams -- 10.22 Conclusions -- 10.23 Review Questions -- Further Reading -- Chapter Eleven Theories of Dreaming -- Learning Objectives -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 AIM Theory and Hobson -- 11.3 Dreams as Virtual Simulation and Predictions of Reality -- 11.4 Solms -- 11.1.4 Emotional Processing Functions of Dreams -- 11.5 Fear Extinction and the Affective Network Dysfunction (AND) Model -- 11.6 Continuity Hypothesis (CH) on Dreams -- 11.7 Dreams Are Hyper-Associative -- 11.8 Empathy Theory of Dream Sharing -- 11.9 Threat Simulation Theory -- 11.10 Social Simulation Theory (SST) -- 11.11 Conclusions -- 11.12 Review Questions -- Further Reading -- References -- Index.

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781009208895

Additional Edition: ISBN 1009208896

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781009208888

Additional Edition: ISBN 1009208888

Language: English

Subjects: Psychology , Medicine

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

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