Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (430 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-80064-858-8

Note: Intro -- Preface: A Vision of Transformed Conservation Practice -- References -- List of Authors -- Acknowledgements -- Reference -- PART I: WHAT IS THE PROBLEM? -- 1. Introduction: The Evidence Crisis and the Evidence Revolution -- 1.1 The Aim of the Book -- 1.2 The Evidence Crisis -- 1.3 Why is Poor Decision Making So Common? -- 1.4 The Evidence Revolution -- 1.5 The Case for Adopting Evidence Use -- 1.6 The Inefficiency Paradox -- 1.7 Transforming Decision Making -- 1.8 Structure of the Book -- References -- PART II: OBTAINING, ASSESSING AND SUMMARISING EVIDENCE -- 2. Gathering and Assessing Pieces of Evidence -- 2.1 What Counts as Evidence? -- 2.2 A Framework for Assessing the Weight of Evidence -- 2.3 Weighing the Evidence -- 2.4 Subjects of Evidence -- 2.5 Sources of Evidence -- 2.6 Types of Evidence -- 2.7 Acknowledgements -- References -- 3. Assessing Collated and Synthesised Evidence -- 3.1 Collating the Evidence -- 3.2 Systematic Maps -- 3.3 Subject-Wide Evidence Syntheses -- 3.4 Systematic Reviews -- 3.5 Rapid Evidence Assessments -- 3.6 Meta-Analyses -- 3.7 Open Access Effect Sizes -- 3.8 Overviews of Reviews -- References -- 4. Presenting Conclusions from Assessed Evidence -- 4.1 Principles for Presenting Evidence -- 4.2 Describing Evidence Searches -- 4.3 Presenting Different Types of Evidence -- 4.4 Presenting Evidence Quality -- 4.5 Balancing Evidence of Varying Strength -- 4.6 Visualising the Balance of Evidence -- 4.7 Synthesising Multiple Evidence Sources -- References -- 5. Improving the Reliability of Judgements -- 5.1 The Role of Judgements in Decision-Making -- 5.2 When Experts Are Good (and Not so Good) -- 5.3 Blind Spots of the Human Mind -- 5.4 Strategies for Improving Judgements -- 5.5 Structured Frameworks for Making Group Judgements -- 5.6 Practical Methods for Improving Routine Judgements -- References. , PART III: MAKING AND APPLYING DECISIONS -- 6. Identifying Stakeholders and Collaborating with Communities -- 6.1 The Benefits of Community-Working -- 6.2 Types of Community Engagement -- 6.3 Identifying Who to Collaborate With -- 6.4 Initiating Contact -- 6.5 Creating and Maintaining Trust -- 6.6 Collaborating -- References -- 7. Framing the Problem and Identifying Potential Solutions -- 7.1 The Approach to Identifying Problems and Potential Solutions -- 7.2 Defining the Scope of the Project and the Conservation Targets -- 7.3 Understanding the Biological and Human System -- 7.4 Identifying Threats and Opportunities -- 7.5 Taking Stock -- 7.6 Identifying Potential Actions -- 7.7 Developing Questions and Assumptions -- References -- 8 Making Decisions for Policy and Practice -- 8.1 What is a Structured Approach to Decision-Making? -- 8.2 Filter Easy Decisions: Deciding Whether to Invest in Decision Making -- 8.3 Preparing to Make the Decision -- 8.4 Making Decisions -- 8.5 Multi-Criteria Analysis -- 8.6 Strategy Table -- 8.7 Classifying Decisions -- 8.8 Decision Trees -- 8.9 Creating Models -- 8.10 Achieving Consensus -- References -- 9. Creating Evidence-Based Policy and Practice -- 9.1 How Embedding Evidence Improves Processes -- 9.2 General Principles for Embedding Evidence into Processes -- 9.3 Evaluating Evidence Use -- 9.4 Evidence-Based Species and Habitat Management Plans -- 9.5 Evidence-Based Guidance -- 9.6 Evidence-Based Policy -- 9.7 Evidence-Based Business Decisions -- 9.8 Evidence-Based Writing and Journalism -- 9.9 Evidence-Based Funding -- 9.10 Evidence-Based Decision-Support Tools -- 9.11 Evidence-Based Models -- References -- 10. How Conservation Practice Can Generate Evidence -- 10.1 Ensuring Data Collection is Useful -- 10.2 Collecting Data Along the Causal Chain -- 10.3 Incorporating Tests into Conservation Practice. , 10.4 Design of Experiments and Tests -- 10.5 Value of Information: When Do We Know Enough? -- 10.6 Writing Up and Sharing Results -- References -- PART IV: TRANSFORMING SOCIETY -- 11. Creating a Culture of Evidence Use -- 11.1 Why Changing Cultures is Critical -- 11.2 Auditing Current Evidence Use -- 11.3 Creating an Evidence-Use Plan -- 11.4 Creating Expectations and Opportunities for Evidence Use -- 11.5 Providing the Capacity to Deliver Evidence Use -- 11.6 Training, Capacity Building, and Certification -- 11.7 Learning from Failure -- 11.8 Case Studies: Organisations who Shifted to Embrace Evidence Use -- References -- 12. Transforming Practice: Checklists for Delivering Change -- 12.1 The Importance of Checklists -- 12.2 The Decision-Making Process -- 12.3 Organisations -- 12.4 Knowledge Brokers -- 12.5 Practitioners and Decision Makers -- 12.6 Commissioners of Reports and Advice -- 12.7 Funders and Philanthropists -- 12.8 The Research and Education Community -- References -- 13. Supplementary Material from Online Resources -- 13.1 Sources of Evidence -- 13.2 Teaching Evidence Use -- 13.3 Building the Evidence Base -- 13.4 Delivering Change -- 13.5 Collaborators -- References -- Checklists, Boxes and Tables -- Checklists -- Boxes -- Tables -- Figures -- Index.

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books.

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Format: XII, 451 S. 315 Abb. , online resource.

Edition: 2nd ed. 2003.

ISBN: 9783322940544

Series Statement: Teubner Studienbücher Bauwesen

Content: Zentrales Anliegen des Buches ist eine widerspruchsfreie Grundlagenvermittlung. Nach der dem neuesten Stand der Wissenschaft entsprechenden Beschreibung der Baustoffeigenschaften wird das Sicherheitskonzept vorgestellt und die Beanspruchung aus Last und Zwang charakterisiert. Die beiden Autoren beschreiben nach Erörterung von Kraftfluss in Stahlbetonteilen die einzelnen Bemessungsmodelle im Gebrauchs- und Bruchzustand und liefern die Begründung für die konstruktive Durchbildung der Bauteile. In einzelnen Schritten wird an einem konkreten Gebäude die Ingenieurarbeit veranschaulicht. Besonderen Wert legen die Autoren auf die Erläuterung der zweckmäßigen Systemwahl zur Beschreibung des Bauwerksverhaltens, damit die Leser so Einblicke in das Vorgehen eines Ingenieurs gewinnen können.

Note: 1 Bauwerke aus Stahlbeton -- 1.1 Gliederung der Bauwerkstypen -- 1.2 Überführung eines Bauwerks in ein Tragwerk -- 2 Ausgangsstoffe des Stahlbetons -- 2.1 Beton -- 2.2 Betonstahl -- 2.3 Verbundgesetze und Mitwirkung des Betons zwischen den Rissen -- 3 Einwirkungen auf Bauwerke -- 3.1 Lasteinwirkungen -- 3.2 Verformungseinwirkungen -- 3.3 Mechanische Klassifikation der Einwirkungen -- 3.4 Lastannahmen in Deutschen und Europäischen Normen -- 4 Sicherheitskonzept und Nachweiskonzept -- 4.1 Definition der Grenzzustände -- 4.2 Sicherheitstheorie -- 4.3 Nachweisformat nach DIN 1045-1 -- 5 Schnittgrößenermittlung -- 5.1 Tragwerksidealisierung -- 5.2 Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Schnittgrößen -- 5.3 Definition der Schnittgrößenumlagerung -- 5.4 Ermittlung der Schnittgrößen nach DIN 1045-1 -- 6 Verhalten von Stahlbetonbauteilen -- 6.1 Verhalten von Stahlbetonstäben -- 6.2 Verhalten von Stahlbetonbalken -- 7 Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit -- 7.1 Rechenmodelle und Annahmen -- 7.2 Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit infolge Biegung mit Normalkraft -- 7.3 Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit infolge Querkraft -- 7.4 Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit infolge Torsion -- 7.5 Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit beeinflusst durch Tragwerksverf -- 8 Grenzzustände der Gebrauchstauglichkeit -- 8.1 Begrenzung der Stahl- und Betonspannung -- 8.2 Begrenzung der Durchbiegung -- 8.3 Beschränkung der Rissbreiten -- 8.4 Verformungseinwirkung im Gebrauchszustand -- 9 Diskontinuitätsbereiche -- 9.1 Stabwerkmodelle -- 9.2 Öffnungen in Trägern -- 9.3 Lasteinleitungsbereiche -- 9.4 Konsolen -- 9.5 Indirekte Lagerungen -- 9.6 Ausklinkungen -- 9.7 Rahmenecken und Rahmenknoten -- 9.8 Krümmungen -- 9.9 Höhenversprünge an Balken -- 9.10 Trapezträger -- 9.11 Teilflächenbelastung -- 10 Platten -- 10.1 Theorie -- 10.2 Abgrenzung und Einteilung von Platten -- 10.3 Einachsig gespannte Platten -- 10.4 Mehrachsig gespannte Platten -- 10.5 Punktförmig gelagerte Platten -- 10.6 Öffnungen in Platten -- 10.7 Unterbrochene Stützung -- 10.8 Konstruktive Durchbildung von Platten -- 11 Scheiben und wandartige Träger -- 11.1 Wandartige Einfeldträger -- 11.2 Wandartige Mehrfeldträger -- 11.3 Scheibe unter horizontaler Belastung -- 11.4 Die Finite-Elemente-Methode -- 12 Konstruktive Durchbildung -- 12.1 Verankerungslängen -- 12.2 Stöße -- 12.3 Zugkraftdeckung -- 12.4 Querkraft- und Torsionsbewehrung -- 12.5 Sonstige Konstruktionsregeln -- 12.6 Bewehrung stabförmiger Bauteile -- Symbole und Abkürzungen.

In: Springer eBooks

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783519102168

Language: German

Keywords: Lehrbuch ; Lehrbuch

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-322-94054-4

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-94054-4

URL: Volltext

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UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xiii, 381 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

ISBN: 1-108-61724-7 , 1-108-62022-1 , 1-108-75507-0

Series Statement: Educational and psychological testing in a global context

Content: To look forward, it is necessary to look back and learn. History is more than just facts about the past; it is a narrative told from a particular perspective. A proverb from Africa, 'Until lions have their own historians, tales of the hunt shall always glorify the hunter,' captures this best. Most of the scholarship about psychological assessment comes from very specific nationalities and cultures, which does not truly reflect the diversity and breadth of histories pertaining to the field. Covering 50 countries, this collection gives voice to those that have previously been under represented and sometimes marginalized. This book not only describes important moments in psychological assessment from around the globe, but also equips readers with the tools to map the future of psychological assessment across nations. It advocates for a more globally inclusive science of assessment that holds promise for enhancing creativity and innovation in the field.

Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 01 Aug 2022). , Cover -- Half-title -- Series information -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Contributors -- Series Editor's Foreword -- Chapter 1 Histories of Psychological Assessment: An Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Overview of the Book -- 1.3 Africa -- 1.4 The Arab Regions -- 1.5 Europe -- 1.6 Asia -- 1.7 Oceania -- 1.8 The Americas -- 1.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Psychological Assessment in Southern Africa -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Psychological Assessment in South Africa -- 2.3 Psychological Assessment in Botswana -- 2.3.1 Projective Tests Study -- 2.3.2 Regional Comparative or Benchmark Studies -- 2.3.3 Policy Formulation and Support Studies -- 2.4 Psychological Assessment in Zimbabwe -- 2.5 Psychological Assessment in Zambia -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Psychological Testing and Inclusive Schooling: Issues and Prospects in Central Africa -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Types of Psychological Tests and Inclusive Schooling in Central Africa -- 3.3 Issues/Problems Associated with the Current State of Psychological Testing in Central Africa -- 3.4 Prospects of Psychological Testing and School Reforms in Central Africa -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Psychological Assessment in West Africa -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Psychological Assessment in Ghana -- 4.3 Psychological Assessment in Nigeria -- 4.4 Psychological Assessment in Liberia and Sierra Leone -- 4.5 Current Challenges -- 4.6 Future Prospects -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Psychological Assessment in the Levant -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Historical Development -- 5.2 Psychological Assessment Research in Levant -- 5.2.1 Jordan -- 5.2.2 Lebanon -- 5.2.3 Palestine -- 5.2.4 Syria -- 5.3 The Current Impact of Sociocultural Factors on Assessment -- 5.3.1 Arabic Language -- 5.3.2 Bilingualism. , 5.3.3 Intellectual Dependency -- 5.3.4 Economic and Sociopolitical Context -- 5.3.5 Education, Training, and Professional Regulation -- 5.3.6 Collaboration -- 5.4 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 6 The History of Assessment in the Nordic Countries -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Scandinavian Psychology Prior to the World Wars -- 6.3 Psychology and Assessment in Scandinavia during the World Wars (1923-1945) -- 6.4 Scandinavian Psychology Post the World Wars -- 6.5 Scandinavian Psychological Assessment: 1960s-1970s -- 6.6 Psychological Assessment: 2000-Present -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Key Episodes in The History of Testing in Central Western Europe -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Wilhelm Wundt, Experimental Psychological Laboratories, and Early Testing -- 7.3 Alfred Binet and the Measurement of Intelligence -- 7.4 William Stern and the Foundation of Differential Psychology -- 7.5 Hugo Münsterberg and the First Selection Tests -- 7.6 Otto Lipmann, William Stern, Institutes of Applied Psychology and the First Journal of Applied Psychology -- 7.7 The Exodus from Germany -- 7.8 Wehrmachtpsychologie Testing -- 7.9 Dutch Psychometrics and the Centraal Instituut voor Toetsontwikkeling -- 7.10 Internationalization and Critical Psychology -- 7.11 University Entry Selection in Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands -- 7.12 Modern Use of Tests in Organizations -- 7.13 Outlook and Trends -- References -- Chapter 8 The Beginnings of Psychological Assessment in Spain and Portugal -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Huarte de San Juan, a Precursor -- 8.3 Psychological Assessment in the Nineteenth Century -- 8.4 Psychological Assessment in the Twentieth Century (1900-1949) -- 8.5 Further Developments in Psychological Assessment (1950-1969) -- 8.6 Psychological Assessment in Spain and Portugal (1970-1990). , 8.7 Psychological Assessment in Spain and Portugal Post 1990 -- 8.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Histories of Psychological Assessments in the United Kingdom -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The Early Development of Psychological Assessment (1859-1890) -- 9.3 From the 1890s to the Great War of 1914-1918 -- 9.4 The Development of Psychometrics -- 9.5 The Great 1914-1918 War -- 9.6 The Inter-war Years (1918-1939) -- 9.7 World War II and the Post-war Years (1940s-1970s) -- 9.8 The Development of Assessment Centers -- 9.9 The 1970s and 1980s: Assessment Centers in the Private Sector -- 9.10 Concerns over Bias and Fairness in Testing -- 9.11 The Cyril Burt Saga and the Continuing Eugenics Issue -- 9.12 The Growth in Use of Personality Assessment -- 9.13 The Growth of Occupational Assessment in the United Kingdom (1970s-1990s) -- 9.14 The Technological Revolution in the 1980s to the Late 1990s -- 9.15 Item Response Theory -- 9.16 The British Ability Scales -- 9.17 Item Generation and Test Generation -- 9.18 The Internet (Late 1990s to Now) -- 9.19 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 The Early History of Psychological Testing in Eastern Europe and Russia -- 10.1 The General Context of Eastern Europe -- 10.2 Psychology in Eastern Europe: The Early Days -- 10.2.1 Russia -- 10.2.2 Romania -- 10.2.3 Poland -- 10.2.4 The Former Kingdom/Republic of Yugoslavia -- 10.2.5 Czechoslovakia -- 10.2.6 Hungary -- 10.3 The Dark Days -- 10.4 The Revival -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Hearing the Untold: A Review of Central Asia's Contribution to the Expansion of Psychological Assessment -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Iran -- 11.3 Pakistan -- 11.4 Afghanistan -- 11.5 Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan -- 11.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12 History of Psychological Assessment in Southern Asia -- 12.1 Introduction. , 12.2 Assessment in South Asia Pre-colonialism -- 12.3 Psychological Assessment in India -- 12.4 Assessment in Educational Settings -- 12.5 Assessment in Clinical Settings -- 12.6 Assessment in Social Settings -- 12.7 Assessment in Workplace Settings -- 12.8 Assessment in Military Settings -- 12.9 Psychological Assessment in Sri Lanka -- 12.10 Psychological Assessment in Bangladesh -- 12.11 Psychological Assessment in Nepal -- 12.12 Psychological Assessment in Bhutan -- 12.13 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 The History of Psychological Testing in East Asia -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The History of Psychological Testing in China -- 13.2.1 The Idea and Practice of Psychological Testing in Ancient China -- 13.2.2 Development of Modern Psychological Testing in China (1915-1948) -- 13.2.3 Development of Psychological Testing in China after 1949 -- 13.2.4 cpai: One Representative Personality Test -- 13.3 Psychological Testing in Japan -- 13.4 Psychological Testing in South Korea -- 13.5 Challenges and Future Directions of Psychological Testing in East Asia -- References -- Chapter 14 Psychological Assessment and Testing in Malaysia and Singapore -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Contextualizing Malaysia -- 14.3 History of Psychology in Malaysia -- 14.4 The Development of Psychological Assessments in Malaysia -- 14.5 Contextualizing Singapore -- 14.6 History of Psychology in Singapore -- 14.7 The Development of Psychological Assessment in Singapore -- 14.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15 A Brief History of Testing and Assessment in Oceania -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Australia: Beginnings at the Turn of the Twentieth Century -- 15.3 World War I and the Interwar Years -- 15.4 World War II and the Postwar Years -- 15.5 Testing in Australia: 1960-1990 -- 15.6 Changes with the Coming of the Twenty-First Century. , 15.7 Recognizing Cultural Differences in Test Use -- 15.8 Aotearoa/New Zealand: The Early Years -- 15.9 Testing in Education, Industry, and the Clinics: 1940 Onwards -- 15.10 Testing in New Zealand: The Current Climate -- 15.11 Recognition of Cultural Differences -- 15.12 PNG and the Pacific Islands -- 15.13 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16 Psychological Assessment in South America: Perspectives from Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Brazil -- 16.2.1 Historical Aspects of Test Use in Brazil -- 16.2.2 The Development of Psychological Assessment -- 16.2.3 Professional Regulations and Training -- 16.2.4 Increase of Research Groups and Production -- 16.2.5 Challenges and Vision of the Future -- 16.3 Bolivia -- 16.3.1 History of Psychological Assessment -- 16.3.2 Professional Training in Psychology -- 16.3.3 Assessment Practice -- 16.3.4 Challenges -- 16.4 Chile -- 16.4.1 Initial Historical Context -- 16.4.2 Deregulation and Attempts at Regulation -- 16.4.2.1 Training -- 16.4.2.2 Professional Practice -- 16.4.2.3 Research -- 16.4.3 Conclusions and Challenges for Assessment in Chile -- 16.5 Peru -- 16.5.1 History of Psychological Assessment in Peru -- 16.5.2 Training -- 16.5.3 Research -- 16.5.4 Challenges -- 16.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17 Historical Development of Psychological Assessment in the Caribbean -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Pre-Columbian Era to the Eighteenth Century -- 17.3 Slavery to the Nineteenth Century -- 17.4 Traditional Healers -- 17.5 Emancipation to the Twentieth Century -- 17.6 The Twenty-First Century and Cross-cultural Issues of Euro-American Assessment Methods -- 17.7 Conclusion -- Reference -- Chapter 18 The History of Psychological Assessment in North America -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Antecedents of Psychological Testing in North America -- 18.3 Intellectual Assessment. , 18.3.1 Adaptations of the Binet Scales.

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-108-48500-6

Language: English

URL: lizenzpflichtig

URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108755078

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (viii, 424 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

ISBN: 1-108-62032-9 , 1-108-61736-0 , 1-108-75552-6

Content: This book provides an introduction to the mathematical and algorithmic foundations of data science, including machine learning, high-dimensional geometry, and analysis of large networks. Topics include the counterintuitive nature of data in high dimensions, important linear algebraic techniques such as singular value decomposition, the theory of random walks and Markov chains, the fundamentals of and important algorithms for machine learning, algorithms and analysis for clustering, probabilistic models for large networks, representation learning including topic modelling and non-negative matrix factorization, wavelets and compressed sensing. Important probabilistic techniques are developed including the law of large numbers, tail inequalities, analysis of random projections, generalization guarantees in machine learning, and moment methods for analysis of phase transitions in large random graphs. Additionally, important structural and complexity measures are discussed such as matrix norms and VC-dimension. This book is suitable for both undergraduate and graduate courses in the design and analysis of algorithms for data.

Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 29 Jan 2020). , Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 High-Dimensional Space -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Law of Large Numbers -- 2.3 The Geometry of High Dimensions -- 2.4 Properties of the Unit Ball -- 2.4.1 Volume of the Unit Ball -- 2.4.2 Volume near the Equator -- 2.5 Generating Points Uniformly at Random from a Ball -- 2.6 Gaussians in High Dimension -- 2.7 Random Projection and Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma -- 2.8 Separating Gaussians -- 2.9 Fitting a Spherical Gaussian to Data -- 2.10 Bibliographic Notes -- 2.11 Exercises -- 3 Best-Fit Subspaces and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Preliminaries -- 3.3 Singular Vectors -- 3.4 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) -- 3.5 Best Rank-k Approximations -- 3.6 Left Singular Vectors -- 3.7 Power Method for Singular Value Decomposition -- 3.7.1 A Faster Method -- 3.8 Singular Vectors and Eigenvectors -- 3.9 Applications of Singular Value Decomposition -- 3.9.1 Centering Data -- 3.9.2 Principal Component Analysis -- 3.9.3 Clustering a Mixture of Spherical Gaussians -- 3.9.4 Ranking Documents and Web Pages -- 3.9.5 An Illustrative Application of SVD -- 3.9.6 An Application of SVD to a Discrete Optimization Problem -- 3.10 Bibliographic Notes -- 3.11 Exercises -- 4 Random Walks and Markov Chains -- 4.1 Stationary Distribution -- 4.2 Markov Chain Monte Carlo -- 4.2.1 Metropolis-Hasting Algorithm -- 4.2.2 Gibbs Sampling -- 4.3 Areas and Volumes -- 4.4 Convergence of Random Walks on Undirected Graphs -- 4.4.1 Using Normalized Conductance to Prove Convergence -- 4.5 Electrical Networks and Random Walks -- 4.6 Random Walks on Undirected Graphs with Unit Edge Weights -- 4.6.1 Hitting Time -- 4.6.2 Commute Time -- 4.6.3 Cover Time -- 4.7 Random Walks in Euclidean Space -- 4.7.1 Random Walks on Lattices -- 4.7.2 Two Dimensions. , 4.7.3 Three Dimensions -- 4.8 The Web as a Markov Chain -- 4.8.1 Pagerank -- 4.8.2 Relation to Hitting Time -- 4.8.3 Spam -- 4.8.4 Personalized Pagerank -- 4.8.5 Algorithm for Computing Personalized Pagerank -- 4.9 Bibliographic Notes -- 4.10 Exercises -- 5 Machine Learning -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 The Core Problem -- 5.1.2 How to Learn -- 5.2 The Perceptron Algorithm -- 5.3 Kernel Functions and Nonlinearly Separable Data -- 5.4 Generalizing to New Data -- 5.4.1 Overfitting and Uniform Convergence -- 5.4.2 Occam's Razor -- 5.4.3 Regularization: Penalizing Complexity -- 5.5 VC-Dimension -- 5.5.1 Definitions and Key Theorems -- 5.5.2 VC-Dimension of Some Set Systems -- 5.5.3 Shatter Function for Set Systems of Bounded VC-Dimension -- 5.5.4 VC-Dimension of Combinations of Concepts -- 5.5.5 The Key Theorem -- 5.6 VC-Dimension and Machine Learning -- 5.7 Other Measures of Complexity -- 5.8 Deep Learning -- 5.8.1 Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) -- 5.9 Gradient Descent -- 5.9.1 Stochastic Gradient Descent -- 5.9.2 Regularizer -- 5.10 Online Learning -- 5.10.1 An Example: Learning Disjunctions -- 5.10.2 The Halving Algorithm -- 5.10.3 The Perceptron Algorithm -- 5.10.4 Inseparable Data and Hinge Loss -- 5.10.5 Online to Batch Conversion -- 5.10.6 Combining (Sleeping) Expert Advice -- 5.11 Boosting -- 5.12 Further Current Directions -- 5.12.1 Semi-Supervised Learning -- 5.12.2 Active Learning -- 5.12.3 Multitask Learning -- 5.13 Bibliographic Notes -- 5.14 Exercises -- 6 Algorithms for Massive Data Problems: Streaming, Sketching, and Sampling -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Frequency Moments of Data Streams -- 6.2.1 Number of Distinct Elements in a Data Stream -- 6.2.2 Number of Occurrences of a Given Element -- 6.2.3 Frequent Elements -- 6.2.4 The Second Moment -- 6.3 Matrix Algorithms Using Sampling -- 6.3.1 Matrix Multiplication Using Sampling. , 6.3.2 Implementing Length Squared Sampling in Two Passes -- 6.3.3 Sketch of a Large Matrix -- 6.4 Sketches of Documents -- 6.5 Bibliographic Notes -- 6.6 Exercises -- 7 Clustering -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Preliminaries -- 7.1.2 Two General Assumptions on the Form of Clusters -- 7.1.3 Spectral Clustering -- 7.2 k-Means Clustering -- 7.2.1 A Maximum-Likelihood Motivation -- 7.2.2 Structural Properties of the k-Means Objective -- 7.2.3 Lloyd's Algorithm -- 7.2.4 Ward's Algorithm -- 7.2.5 k-Means Clustering on the Line -- 7.3 k-Center Clustering -- 7.4 Finding Low-Error Clusterings -- 7.5 Spectral Clustering -- 7.5.1 Why Project? -- 7.5.2 The Algorithm -- 7.5.3 Means Separated by Ω(1) Standard Deviations -- 7.5.4 Laplacians -- 7.5.5 Local Spectral Clustering -- 7.6 Approximation Stability -- 7.6.1 The Conceptual Idea -- 7.6.2 Making This Formal -- 7.6.3 Algorithm and Analysis -- 7.7 High-Density Clusters -- 7.7.1 Single Linkage -- 7.7.2 Robust Linkage -- 7.8 Kernel Methods -- 7.9 Recursive Clustering Based on Sparse Cuts -- 7.10 Dense Submatrices and Communities -- 7.11 Community Finding and Graph Partitioning -- 7.12 Spectral Clustering Applied to Social Networks -- 7.13 Bibliographic Notes -- 7.14 Exercises -- 8 Random Graphs -- 8.1 The G(n,p) Model -- 8.1.1 Degree Distribution -- 8.1.2 Existence of Triangles in G(n, d/n) -- 8.2 Phase Transitions -- 8.3 Giant Component -- 8.3.1 Existence of a Giant Component -- 8.3.2 No Other Large Components -- 8.3.3 The Case of p < -- 1/n -- 8.4 Cycles and Full Connectivity -- 8.4.1 Emergence of Cycles -- 8.4.2 Full Connectivity -- 8.4.3 Threshold for O(ln n) Diameter -- 8.5 Phase Transitions for Increasing Properties -- 8.6 Branching Processes -- 8.7 CNF-SAT -- 8.7.1 SAT-Solvers in Practice -- 8.7.2 Phase Transitions for CNF-SAT -- 8.8 Nonuniform Models of Random Graphs. , 8.8.1 Giant Component in Graphs with Given Degree Distribution -- 8.9 Growth Models -- 8.9.1 Growth Model without Preferential Attachment -- 8.9.2 Growth Model with Preferential Attachment -- 8.10 Small-World Graphs -- 8.11 Bibliographic Notes -- 8.12 Exercises -- 9 Topic Models, Nonnegative Matrix Factorization, Hidden Markov Models, and Graphical Models -- 9.1 Topic Models -- 9.2 An Idealized Model -- 9.3 Nonnegative Matrix Factorization -- 9.4 NMF with Anchor Terms -- 9.5 Hard and Soft Clustering -- 9.6 The Latent Dirichlet Allocation Model for Topic Modeling -- 9.7 The Dominant Admixture Model -- 9.8 Formal Assumptions -- 9.9 Finding the Term-Topic Matrix -- 9.10 Hidden Markov Models -- 9.11 Graphical Models and Belief Propagation -- 9.12 Bayesian or Belief Networks -- 9.13 Markov Random Fields -- 9.14 Factor Graphs -- 9.15 Tree Algorithms -- 9.16 Message Passing in General Graphs -- 9.16.1 Graphs with a Single Cycle -- 9.16.2 Belief Update in Networks with a Single Loop -- 9.16.3 Maximum Weight Matching -- 9.17 Warning Propagation -- 9.18 Correlation between Variables -- 9.19 Bibliographic Notes -- 9.20 Exercises -- 10 Other Topics -- 10.1 Ranking and Social Choice -- 10.1.1 Randomization -- 10.1.2 Examples -- 10.2 Compressed Sensing and Sparse Vectors -- 10.2.1 Unique Reconstruction of a Sparse Vector -- 10.2.2 Efficiently Finding the Unique Sparse Solution -- 10.3 Applications -- 10.3.1 Biological -- 10.3.2 Low-Rank Matrices -- 10.4 An Uncertainty Principle -- 10.4.1 Sparse Vector in Some Coordinate Basis -- 10.4.2 A Representation Cannot Be Sparse in Both Time and Frequency Domains -- 10.5 Gradient -- 10.6 Linear Programming -- 10.6.1 The Ellipsoid Algorithm -- 10.7 Integer Optimization -- 10.8 Semi-Definite Programming -- 10.9 Bibliographic Notes -- 10.10 Exercises -- 11 Wavelets -- 11.1 Dilation -- 11.2 The Haar Wavelet. , 11.3 Wavelet Systems -- 11.4 Solving the Dilation Equation -- 11.5 Conditions on the Dilation Equation -- 11.6 Derivation of the Wavelets from the Scaling Function -- 11.7 Sufficient Conditions for the Wavelets to Be Orthogonal -- 11.8 Expressing a Function in Terms of Wavelets -- 11.9 Designing a Wavelet System -- 11.10 Applications -- 11.11 Bibliographic Notes -- 11.12 Exercises -- 12 Background Material -- 12.1 Definitions and Notation -- 12.1.1 Integers -- 12.1.2 Substructures -- 12.1.3 Asymptotic Notation -- 12.2 Useful Relations -- 12.3 Useful Inequalities -- 12.4 Probability -- 12.4.1 Sample Space, Events, and Independence -- 12.4.2 Linearity of Expectation -- 12.4.3 Union Bound -- 12.4.4 Indicator Variables -- 12.4.5 Variance -- 12.4.6 Variance of the Sum of Independent Random Variables -- 12.4.7 Median -- 12.4.8 The Central Limit Theorem -- 12.4.9 Probability Distributions -- 12.4.10 Bayes Rule and Estimators -- 12.5 Bounds on Tail Probability -- 12.5.1 Chernoff Bounds -- 12.5.2 More General Tail Bounds -- 12.6 Applications of the Tail Bound -- 12.7 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors -- 12.7.1 Symmetric Matrices -- 12.7.2 Relationship between SVD and Eigen Decomposition -- 12.7.3 Extremal Properties of Eigenvalues -- 12.7.4 Eigenvalues of the Sum of Two Symmetric Matrices -- 12.7.5 Norms -- 12.7.6 Important Norms and Their Properties -- 12.7.7 Additional Linear Algebra -- 12.7.8 Distance between Subspaces -- 12.7.9 Positive Semi-Definite Matrix -- 12.8 Generating Functions -- 12.8.1 Generating Functions for Sequences Defined by Recurrence Relationships -- 12.8.2 The Exponential Generating Function and the Moment Generating Function -- 12.9 Miscellaneous -- 12.9.1 Lagrange Multipliers -- 12.9.2 Finite Fields -- 12.9.3 Application of Mean Value Theorem -- 12.10 Exercises -- References -- Index.

Additional Edition: Online version: Blum, Avrim, 1966- Foundations of data science New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2020. ISBN 9781108755528

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781108485067

Additional Edition: ISBN 1108485065

Language: English

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108755528

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (385 p.)

ISBN: 1-281-05241-8 , 9786611052416 , 0-08-048027-6

Content: 'Practical Temperature Measurement' introduces the concepts of temperature and its measurement to engineers, physicists and chemists of all disciplines. The author describes the wide range of techniques and specific devices available for temperature measurement and provides guidance for the selection of a particular method for a given application. It is of value to engineering and physics postgraduates studying modules on instrumentation and process control and, in addition, for practical project work requiring an understanding of temperature measurement methods.For postgraduates and i

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Practical Temperature Measurement; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Chapter 1. Temperature; 1.1 Definition of temperature; 1.2 Temperature scales; 1.3 An overview of temperature measurement techniques; 1.4 Conclusions; References; Nomenclature; Chapter 2. General temperature measurement considerations; 2.1 The measurement process; 2.2 Heat transfer; 2.3 Calibration and traceability; 2.4 Data manipulation; 2.5 Uncertainty; 2.6 Conclusions; References; Nomenclature; Chapter 3. Bimetallic thermometers; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Bimetallic strip modelling; 3.3 Standard materials , 3.4 Bimetallic thermometer constructionReferences; Nomenclature; Chapter 4. Liquid-in-glass thermometers; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Error sources; 4.3 Calibration; 4.4 Special types; References; Nomenclature; Chapter 5. Thermocouples; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Thermocouple analysis; 5.3 Thermocouple types; 5.4 Thermocouple assemblies and installation; 5.5 EMF measurement; 5.6 Grounding and noise; 5.7 Calibration; 5.8 Troubleshooting/thermocouple diagnostics; 5.9 Selection; References; Nomenclature; Chapter 6. Resistance temperature detectors; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Platinum resistance thermometers , 6.3 Copper and nickel resistance thermometers6.4 Rhodium-iron, doped germanium and carbon resistors; 6.5 Thermistors; 6.6 Semiconductor devices; 6.7 Selection; References; Nomenclature; Chapter 7. Manometric thermometry; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Gas thermometry; 7.3 Vapour pressure thermometry; 7.4 Conclusions; References; Nomenclature; Chapter 8. Semi-invasive temperature measurement; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Paints; 8.3 Temperature-sensitive crayons, pellets and labels; 8.4 Pyrometric cones, thermoscope bars and Bullers rings; References; Nomenclature; Chapter 9. Infrared thermometry , 9.1 Introduction9.2 Fundamentals of thermal radiation; 9.3 Detector classification; 9.4 Spectral band thermometers; 9.5 Total radiation thermometers; 9.6 Ratio/dual-wavelength/two-colour thermometers; 9.7 Fibre-optic thermometers; 9.8 Thermal imaging; 9.9 Calibration; 9.10 Selection; References; Nomenclature; Chapter 10. Other non-invasive temperature measurement techniques; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Refractive index methods; 10.3 Absorption and emission spectroscopy; 10.4 Line reversal; 10.5 Spontaneous Rayleigh and Raman scattering; 10.6 Coherent anti-Stokes-Raman scattering (CARS) , 10.7 Degenerative four wave mixing (DFWM)10.8 Laser-induced fluorescence; 10.9 Acoustic thermography; References; Nomenclature; Chapter 11. Technique selection; 11.1 Introduction; 11.2 Applications; 11.3 Selection overview; References; Nomenclature; Chapter 12. Heat flux measurement; 12.1 Introduction; 12.2 Thermal disruption; 12.3 Differential temperature heat flux measurement techniques; 12.4 Calorimetric heat flux measurement techniques; 12.5 Energy supply or removal heat flux measurement techniques; 12.6 The mass transfer analogy; 12.7 Inverse conduction methods; 12.8 Conclusions , References , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-7506-5080-X

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (281 p.)

ISBN: 1-282-28982-9 , 9786612289828 , 0-08-095571-1

Series Statement: Mathematics in science and engineering ; v. 61, 2

Content: Methods of nonlinear analysis

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Methods of Nonlinear Analysis; Copyright Page; Preface; Contents; Contents of Volume I; Chapter 9. Upper and Lower Bounds via Duality; 9.1. Introduction; 9.2. Guiding Idea; 9.3. A Simple Identity; 9.4. Quadratic Functional: Scalar Case; 9.5. min u J = max v H; 9.6. The Functional l t o [u'2 + g(u)] dt; 9.7. Geometric Aspects; 9.8. Multidimensional Case; 9.9. The Rayleigh-Ritz Method; 9.10. Alternative Approach; 9.11. J(u) = lto [u'2 + f(t)u2] dt; General f(t); 9.12. Geometric Aspects; Miscellaneous Exercises; Bibliography and Comments , Chapter 10. Caplygin's Method and Differential Inequalities10.1. Introduction; 10.2. The Caplygin Method; 10.3. The Equation u' 〈 a(t)u + f (t); 10.4. The Linear Differential Inequality L(u) 〈 f ( t ); 10.5. Elementary Approach; 10.6. An Integral Identity; 10.7. Strengthening of Previous Result; 10.8. Factorization of the Operator; 10.9. Alternate Proof of Monotonicity; 10.10. A Further Condition; 10.11. Two-point Boundary Conditions; 10.12. Variational Approach; 10.13. A Related Parabolic Partial Differential Equation; 10.14. Nonnegativity of u(t, s); 10.15. Limiting Behavior , 10.16. Limiting Behavior: Energy Inequalities10.17. Monotonicity of Maximum; 10.18. Lyapunov Functions; 10.19. Factorization of the nth-order Linear Operator; 10.20. A Result for the nth-order Linear Differential Equation; 10.21. An Example; 10.22. Linear Systems; 10.23. Partial Differential Equation-I; 10.24. Partial Differential Equation-II; Miscellaneous Exercises; Bibliography and Comments; Chapter 11. Quasilinearization; 11.1. Introduction; 11.2. The Riccati Equation; 11.3. Explicit Representation; 11.4. Successive Approximations and Monotone Convergence , 11.5. Maximum Interval of Convergence11.6. Dini's Theorem and Uniform Convergence; 1 1.7. Newton-Raphson-Kantorovich Approximation; 11.8. Quadratic Convergence; 11.9. Upper Bounds; 11.10. u' = g(u, t ); 11.11. Random Equation; 11.12. Upper and Lower Bounds; 1 I. 13. Asymptotic Behavior; 11.14. Multidimensional Riccati Equation; 11.15. Two-point Boundary Value Problems; 11.16. Maximum Interval of Convergence; 11.1 7. Quadratic Convergence; 11.18. Discussion; 11.19. Computational Feasibility; 11.20. Elliptic Equations; 11.21. Parabolic Equations; 1 1.22. Minimum and Maximum Principles , Miscellaneous ExercisesBibliography and Comments; Chapter 12. Dynamic Programming; 12.1. Introduction; 12.2. Multistage Processes; 12.3. Continuous Version; 12.4. Multistage Decision Processes; 12.5. Stochastic and Adaptive Processes; 12.6. Functional Equations; 12.7. Infinite Stage Process; 12.8. Policy; 12.9. Approximation in Policy Space; 12.10. Discussion; 12.11. Calculus of Variations as a Multistage Decision Process; 12.12. A New Formalism; 12.13. The Principle of Optimality; 12.14. Quadratic Case; 12.15. Multidimensional Case; 12.1 6. Computational Feasibility; 12.17. Stability , 12.18. Computational Feasibility: General Case-I , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-084902-X

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (387 p.)

Edition: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 1-280-63658-0 , 9786610636587 , 0-08-046509-9

Content: The Ecology of Sandy Shores provides the students and researchers with a one-volume resource for understanding the conservation and management of the sandy shore ecosystem. Covering all beach types, and addressing issues from the behavioral and physiological adaptations of the biota to exploring the effects of pollution and the impact of man's activities, this book should become the standard reference for those interested in Sandy Shore study, management and preservation.* More than 25% expanded from the previous edition* Three entirely new chapters: Energetics and Nutrient

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front cover; Title page; Copyright page; Table of contents; Acknowledgements; 1: Introduction; 2: The Physical Environment; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Sand; 2.3 Waves; 2.4 Other Drivers of Water Movement; 2.5 Sand Transport; 2.6 Interactions Among Beach Slope, Waves, Tides, and Sand; 2.7 Beach Indices; 2.8 Beach Types; 2.9 Circulation Cells and Mixing; 2.10 Embayments and Headlands; 2.11 Swash Climate; 2.12 Slope; 2.13 Latitudinal Effects; 2.14 Conclusions; 3: The Interstitial Environment; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Characteristics of the System; 3.3 Processes of Water Input; 3.4 Water Filtration , 3.5 Water Table Fluctuations3.6 Interstitial Chemistry; 3.7 The Interstitial Environment; 3.8 Conclusions; 4: Beach and Surf-zone Flora; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Benthic Microflora; 4.3 Surf-zone Phytoplankton; 4.4 Seagrasses; 4.5 Conclusions; 5: Sandy-beach Invertebrates; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Important Groups; 5.3 Conclusions; 6: Adaptations to Sandy-beach Life; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Locomotion; 6.3 Rhythms of Activity; 6.4 Sensory Responses and Orientation; 6.5 Choice of Habitat; 6.6 Nutrition; 6.7 Respiration; 6.8 Environmental Tolerances; 6.9 Reproduction , 6.10 Aggregations and Gregariousness6.11 Avoidance of Predators; 6.12 Phenotypic Plasticity; 6.13 Conclusions; 7: Benthic Macrofauna Communities; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Sampling; 7.3 Taxonomic Composition; 7.4 Macroscale Patterns; 7.5 Mesoscale Patterns; 7.6 Microscale Patterns; 7.7 Trophic Relations; 7.8 Conclusions; 8: Benthic Macrofauna Populations; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Macroscale Patterns; 8.3 Mesoscale Patterns; 8.4 Microscale Patterns; 8.5 Invertebrate Fisheries; 8.6 Conclusions; 9: Interstitial Ecology; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Interstitial Climate; 9.3 Sampling; 9.4 Interstitial Biota , 9.5 Distribution of Interstitial Fauna9.6 Temporal Changes; 9.7 Meiofaunal Communities; 9.8 Trophic Relationships; 9.9 Biological Interactions; 9.10 Meiofauna and Pollution; 9.11 Conclusions; 10: Surf-zone Fauna; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Zooplankton; 10.3 Fishes; 10.4 Other Groups; 10.5 Conclusions; 11: Turtles and Terrestrial Vertebrates; 11.1 Introduction; 11.2 Turtles; 11.3 Birds; 11.4 Conclusions; 12: Energetics and Nutrient Cycling; 12.1 Introduction; 12.2 Food Sources; 12.3 Macroscopic Food Chains; 12.4 Interstitial Food Chains; 12.5 The Microbial Loop in Surf Waters , 12.6 Energy Flow in Beach and Surf-zone Ecosystems12.7 Case Study: Sandy Beaches of the Eastern Cape; 12.8 Nutrient Cycling; 12.9 Conclusions; 13: Coastal Dune Ecosystems and Dune/Beach Interactions; 13.1 Introduction; 13.2 The Physical Environment; 13.3 Coastal Dune Formation by Vegetation; 13.4 Dune Types; 13.5 Edaphic Features; 13.6 Water; 13.7 The Gradient Across Coastal Dunefields; 13.8 Dune Vegetation; 13.9 The Fauna; 13.10 Food Chains; 13.11 Dune/Beach Exchanges; 13.12 A Case Study of Dune/Beach Exchanges; 13.13 Conclusions; 14: Human Impacts; 14.1 Introduction; 14.2 Pollution , 14.3 Recreational Activities , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-372569-0

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (246 p.)

ISBN: 1-84569-355-8

Series Statement: Woodhead Publishing Series in Welding and Other Joining Technologies

Content: Computational welding mechanics (CWM) provides an important technique for modelling welding processes. Welding simulations are a key tool in improving the design and control of welding processes and the performance of welded components or structures. CWM can be used to model phenomena such as heat generation, thermal stresses and large plastic deformations of components or structures. It also has a wider application in modelling thermomechanical and microstructural phenomena in metals. This important book reviews the principles, methods and applications of CWM.The book begins by discus

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Cover; Computational welding mechanics: Thermomechanical and microstructural simulations; Copyright; Contents; Foreword; Preface; CWM_Lab software; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Computational welding mechanics; 1.2 Contents of the book; 1.3 The competent company; 1.4 Driving forces for increased use of welding simulations; 2 The multi-physics of welding; 3 Couplings and reference frames; 3.1 Coupled systems and solution procedures; 3.2 Linearised coupled thermoelasticity; 3.3 Decoupling of the subdomains of welding simulations; 4 Thermomechanics of welding , 4.1 The thermal cycle and microstructure evolution4.2 The Satoh test; 4.3 Welding of plate; 4.4 Welding of pipe; 5 Nonlinear heat flow; 5.1 Basic equations of nonlinear heat conduction; 5.2 Finite element formulation of nonlinear heat conduction; 6 Nonlinear deformation; 6.1 Basic choices in formulation of nonlinear deformation; 6.2 Finite element formulation of nonlinear deformation; 6.3 Constitutive model; 6.4 Stress updating algorithm for deviatoric plasticity; 7 Numerical methods and modelling for efficient simulations; 7.1 Element technologies; 7.2 Meshing , 7.3 Dynamic and adaptive meshing7.4 Substructuring; 7.5 Parallel computing; 7.6 Dimensional reduction; 7.7 Weld pass reduction; 7.8 Replacement of weld by simplified loads; 8 Calibration and validation strategy; 8.1 Definitions of concepts used; 8.2 Code verification; 8.3 Model refinement and qualification; 8.4 General approach for validation; 8.5 Calibration and validation strategy; 8.6 Validation using subsystems and complete systems; 9 Modelling options in computational welding mechanics (CWM); 9.1 A note about computability in CWM; 9.2 The importance of material modelling , 9.3 Effect of temperature and microstructure9.4 Density; 9.5 Thermal properties; 9.6 Elastic properties; 9.7 Plastic properties and models; 9.8 Thermomechanical properties; 9.9 Microstructure evolution; 9.10 Material modelling in the weld pool; 9.11 Surface properties; 9.12 Heat input models; 9.13 Geometric models; 10 Modelling strategy; 10.1 Accuracy and weld flexibility categories for CWM models; 10.2 Characteristics of different accuracy categories; 10.3 Motivation for proposed modelling strategy; 11 Robustness and stability; 11.1 Definitions concerned with robustness and stability , 11.2 Perturbation methods for investigation of robustness11.3 Methods for analysis of stability; 11.4 Application of robustness and stability analysis in CWM; 12 The current state of computational welding mechanics (CWM); 12.1 Heat input models; 12.2 Material models; 12.3 Models for fatigue and cracking; 12.4 Computational efficiency; 12.5 Simplified methods; 12.6 Reducing risk for buckling, deformations or residual stresses; 12.7 Improved life; 12.8 Repair welding; 12.9 Optimisation; 12.10 Simulation of welding and other manufacturing steps , 13 The Volvo Aero story in computational welding mechanics (CWM) , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-84569-221-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (329 p.)

Edition: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 1-283-31107-0 , 9786613311078 , 1-4377-3529-0

Series Statement: PDL handbook series

Content: Stretch blow molding is the blow molding process used to produce bottles of the strength required for carbonated drinks. In this handbook, Ottmar Brandau introduces the technology of stretch blow molding, explores practical aspects of designing and running a production line and looks at practical issues for quality control and troubleshooting. As an experienced engineer, manager and consultant, Brandau's focus is on optimizing the production process, improving quality and reducing cycle time. This book is a thoroughly practical handbook that provides engineers and managers with the

Note: Includes index. , Previous edition: Stretch blow moulding : a hands-on guide. 2003. , Front Cover; Series Page; Stretch Blow Molding; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Introduction; Chapter 1 - A Short History of Stretch Blow Molding; Chapter 2 - Material Basics; 2.1 Manufacture and States of PET; 2.2 Crystallization of PET; 2.3 Drying of PET; 2.4 Behavior in the Injection Mold; 2.5 Behavior in the Blow Mold; 2.6 Acetaldehyde (AA) in PET Bottles; Chapter 3 - Reheat Stretch Blow Molding Machines; 3.1 Overview; 3.2 Semi-automatic Machines; 3.3 Linear Shuttle-type Machines; 3.4 Linear Continuous Motion Machines; 3.5 Rotary Machines; Chapter 4 - Machine Details , 4.1 Ovens4.2 T?ransfer Functions; 4.3 Blow Wheel/Blow Clamp; Chapter 5 - Blow Molds; 5.1 Design; 5.2 Making a Mold; 5.3 Venting; Chapter 6 - Fundamentals of the Blow Process; 6.1 Process Overview; 6.2 Stretch Ratios; 6.3 Types of Heat Transfer; 6.4 Light Absorption Characteristics of PET; 6.5 Optimum Preform Temperature; Chapter 7 - The Blowing Process; 7.1 Reheating Preforms; 7.2 Blowing Bottles; Chapter 8 - Injection Stretch Blow Molding Machines; 8.1 Four-station Machines; 8.2 Machine Controls; 8.3 Injection Controls; 8.4 Interaction between Injection and Blow; 8.5 Conditioning , 8.6 Container Blowing8.7 Hot Runners; 8.8 Integrated Two-stage Stretch Blow Molding; Chapter 9 - Special Applications; 9.1 Simulation of the Blow Process; 9.2 Stretch Blow Molding of Oriented Polypropylene; 9.3 Plant-based Plastics; 9.4 Blow Process for Hot-fill Applications; 9.5 Preferential Heating; 9.6 Direct Feeding of Preforms into the Blow Machine; 9.7 Vision Inspection; 9.8 Barrier-enhancing Technologies; 9.9 Blow-and-Trim Process; 9.10 CSD Bottle-base Failures; 9.11 Recycling of PET Bottles; 9.12 Preform Esthetics in the Two-stage Process , Chapter 10 - Troubleshooting of Blowing Problems10.1 General Guidelines; 10.2 Starting a New Process; 10.3 Troubleshooting of Specific Problems; 10.4 Defects Particular to Single-stage Molding; 10.5 Summary of Preform Quality Checks; Chapter 11 - Economics; 11.1 Container Types; 11.2 Business Models; 11.3 Tooling Costs; 11.4 Light-weighing of Bottles and Caps; 11.5 Resin Prices; 11.6 Bottle Production Costs; 11.7 Starting with a New Product; 11.8 Recommended Laboratory Equipment for RSBM Plants; 11.9 Western vs. Asian Machinery; Chapter 12 - Preform Design for Single and Two-stage Processing , 12.1 Two-stage Process Injection Molding12.2 Single-stage Process Injection Molding; 12.3 Goals and Conditions; 12.4 The Mechanics of Preform Design; 12.5 Putting it All T?ogether; Chapter 13 - Auxiliary Equipment; 13.1 Compressors; 13.2 Chillers; 13.3 Conveyors and Bottle Storage Devices; Chapter 14 Training of Operators; 14.1 Current State of Training; 14.2 Obstacles to Training Programs; 14.3 Re-thinking Abstract Concepts; 14.4 Language Structure; 14.5 Converting Formulas into Common English Sentences; 14.6 Substituting Uncommon Arithmetical Operators; 14.7 Presentation Style , 14.8 Translating Graphs into Common-day Language , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4377-3527-4

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (333 p.)

Edition: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 1-62870-372-5 , 1-280-37275-3 , 9786610372751 , 1-85573-867-8

Series Statement: Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials

Content: This book is a practical design manual for structured cabling and explains the terminology and physics behind the relevant standards, what the applicable standards are, how they fit together and where to obtain them.Designing a structured cabling system to ISO 11801 2nd edition is the first book to give a commentary on the latest design standard for structured cabling: ISO 11801: Information Technology - generic cabling for customer premises, 2nd edition 2002Anyone using this book will be able to read and understand this new version of the standard and all the other relevant st

Note: Includes index. , Front Cover; Designing a Structured Cabling System: Cross-Referenced to European CENELECand American Standards; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Preface; Dedication; List of abbreviations; Chapter 1. Introduction; Chapter 2. First pick your standards; 2.1 Standards: what standards?; 2.2 Who writes the standards?; Chapter 3. Topology or architecture of structured cabling systems; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Standardised structured cabling; Chapter 4. Building blocks of structured cabling systems; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Copper cables; 4.3 Optical fibre and cables; 4.4 Connecting hardware , Chapter 5. Ensuring enough bandwidth for today and tomorrow5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Digital communications; 5.3 Analogue communications; 5.4 The role of wireless; 5.5 What Category of copper cable to pick?; 5.6 Which optical fibre and how many?; Reference; Chapter 6. The screened versus unscreened debate; References; Chapter 7. Fire performance of indoor cables; Chapter 8. Pathways and spaces; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Definitions; 8.3 What the standards say about the spaces; 8.4 Essential design questions for the 'spaces'; 8.5 The pathways , 8.6 General rules concerning the installation of data cables8.7 Types of pathway - internal; 8.8 Types of pathway - external; 8.9 Standards and pathways; References; Chapter 9. Earthing, grounding and bonding; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Definitions; 9.3 The requirements of ISO 11801 2nd edition; 9.4 Applicable codes and standards; 9.5 The electrical power distribution system; 9.6 The equipotential bonding system; 9.7 Functional earthing and screened cabling; 9.8 Earthing screened cables; 9.9 Conclusions; 9.10 Full list of relevant standards; Chapter 10. Administration schemes; 10.1 Introduction , 10.2 Definitions (adapted from IEC 14763)10.3 Administration philosophy; 10.4 Records; 10.5 Database formats; 10.6 Colour coding; 10.7 Intelligent patch panel systems; Chapter 11. Testing; 11.1 Introduction; 11.2 Testing standards; 11.3 Copper cable testing; 11.4 Optical fibre testing; Chapter 12. Step-by-step guide to designing a structured cabling system; 12.1 Design checklist; 12.2 First pick a standards philosophy; 12.3 Cable system topology and density; 12.4 Picking the category of cable and class of optical fibre; 12.5 Decide upon type of optical connector to be used , 12.6 Locate and specify the spaces12.7 Determine the nature of the containment system; 12.8 Determine earthing and bonding requirements; 12.9 The administration system; 12.10 Identify the civil engineering/rights of way issues for external cabling; 12.11 Installation instructions; 12.12 Testing and project handover regime; 12.13 Prequalification and bidding; Chapter 13. Example specification and design; 13.1 Introduction; 13.2 The prime contractor's brief; 13.3 The client's brief; 13.4 The contractor's response; 13.5 The first draft design; 13.6 The bill of quantity; 13.7 Other issues , 13.8 The rest of the site , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-85573-612-8

Language: English