UID:
almafu_9958080555902883
Umfang:
1 online resource (174 p.)
ISBN:
9781475588767
,
1475588763
,
9781475588156
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1475588151
Serie:
IMF Staff Country Reports
Inhalt:
This Selected Issues paper examines infrastructure investment in Brazil. Brazil has inferior overall infrastructure quality relative to almost all its export competitors. Brazil’s infrastructure endowment ranks low by international standards, and its low quality affects productivity, market efficiency, and competitiveness. Areas in which Brazil’s competitiveness has lagged include, but are not limited to, education, innovation, governance, and justice. Brazil’s infrastructure gap has become a major obstacle to growth and filling this gap will entail increasing investment and also stepping up other reforms.
Anmerkung:
Description based upon print version of record.
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Cover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Boxes; Figures; Appendices; Appendix; Figures; Appendix; Figures; Appendix; Figures; Tables; Box; Figures; Tables; A. Overview; B. How Integrated is Brazil?; C. The State of Infrastructure; 1. The Choice of Infrastructure Comparator; 1. Infrastructure Quality Indicators; 2. Transportation. Infrastructure Quality Indicators; 2. Infrastructure Adequacy Indicator; 3. Infrastructure Quality and Income; 3. Electricity Sector Woes; D. Infrastructure Investment Trends; E. The Role of the Concession Program; F. Filling the Gap
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I. Infrastructure IndictorsII. Panel Unit Root Methodological Note; References; Filling the GAP: Infrastructure Investment in Brazil; A. Introduction; B. The Minimum Wage and Inequality in Brazil; C. Is Brazil's Minimum Wage too High?; D. Potential Macroeconomic Implications of the Current Minimum Wage Rule; E. Policy Implications; Regressions and General Equilibrium Model; References; Macroeconomic Implications of Minimum Wage Increases in Brazil; A. Fiscal Policy and Growth in Brazil since the Global Financial Crisis; 1. Fiscal Stimulus and Economic Growth
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B. Fiscal Multipliers in Brazil: What do we know?C. Methodology; D. Estimated Fiscal Multipliers; 2. Basic Multipliers; E. Have the Multipliers Changed?; 3. Multipliers, Basic Shocks; 4. Multipliers, Credit Shocks; F. Robustness; 5. Basic Multipliers; G. Policy Implications; Data; References; Fiscal Multipliers for Brazil; A. The Taper Episode and Beyond; 1. Brazil and U.S. Sovereign Bond Yields; B. Why did Long-Rates Rise in the U.S.?; 2. Cumulated Change in U.S. 10Y Bond Yield; C. What was the Impact on Brazil?; 3. Impact of Money and News Shocks
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4. Explanatory Power of Different Shocks at Different Horizons5. Cumulated Changes Since Taper Episode and Contributions; D. Why are Brazilian Interest Rates so Responsive to U.S. Developments?; E. Policy Implications; Data; References; Normalization of Global Monetary Conditions: The Implications for Brazil; A. Background; 1. Foreign Currency Intervention; 2. USD Linked Debt and Foreign; 3. Cupom cambial, FX Rate, and FX; 4. Convertibility Risk; B. Intervention Tool Kit; 5. Ratio of Daily Turnover in Derivatives Markets to Spot Market; C. Intervention Program Following the 'Tapering Talk'
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6. Outstand Balance of FX Swap and FX7. FX Swap Exposure by Counterparties; 8. FX Swaps at Maturity; 9. Net Increase of FX Swap; 10. Rollover Rate of FX Swap; 11. Capital Flows; D. Distribution Channels to Spot and Derivative Markets; 12. FX Flows Financed by FX Repo and Commercial Banks' Short FX Position; 13. End Users of FX Swaps; E. Effectiveness; 14. FX Implied Volatility Relative to Peers; 1. Explaining Volatility; 15. Foreign Exchange Rate; 2. Impacts of Important Announcements of FX Swap Auctions; F. Limits to Intervention; 3 Public Sector Net Creditor Position
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16. International Reserve Adequacy
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English
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 9781475521320
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 1475521324
Sprache:
Englisch
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