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Format: 1 online resource (104 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-4648-1227-6

Series Statement: World Bank Studies

Content: Drylands account for three-quarters of Sub-Saharan Africa's cropland, two-thirds of cereal production, and four-fifths of livestock holdings. Today frequent and severe shocks, especially droughts, limit the livelihood opportunities available to millions of households and undermine efforts to eradicate poverty in the drylands. Prospects for sustainable development of drylands are assessed in this book through the lens of resilience, understood here to mean the ability of people to withstand and respond to droughts and other shocks. An original model was developed expressly to consistently and coherently evaluate different type of interventions on the ground, which provided a common framework to anticipate thescale of the challenges likely to arise in drylands, as well as to generate insights into opportunities for addressing those challenges.Such modeling framework consisted in a) estimating the baseline vulnerability profiles of people living in drylands (2010), b) estimate the evolution of vulnerability by 2030 under a range of assumptions, c) calculated the number of people affectedby drought in the different administrative units of each country, and d) evaluate different types of interventions in agriculture and livestock for mitigating drought impact by calculating the potential for reducing the number of people affected for each scenario and conducting a simplified - benefit/cost (B/C) analysis for each type of intervention.For livestock, simulation models were used to estimate the impacts of feed balances, livestock production, and household income resilience interventions under different climate scenarios). For agriculture, the DSSAT (Decision Support System for-Agrotechnology Transfer) framework was used to assess the potential impact on yields likely to result from adoption of five crop farming technologies: (1) drought-tolerant varieties, (2) heat-tolerant varieties, (3) additional fertilizer, (4) agroforestry practices, (S) irrigation (6) water-harvesting techniques and selected combinations thereof.

Note: Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Editors and Authors -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Background -- The Model -- The Interventions -- The Results -- Policy Implications -- Cost Implications of Interventions -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Defining "Drylands" -- Definition of "Resilience" -- Note -- References -- Chapter 2 Methodology -- Country Coverage -- Main Assumptions and Sources of Data -- Relationship between Resilience and Poverty -- Estimation of 2010 Vulnerability Profiles -- Estimation of 2030 Vulnerability Profiles -- Moving from "Vulnerable to Drought" to "Affected by Drought" -- Interventions -- Resilience Analysis for Livestock Systems -- Resilience Analysis for Rainfed Cropping Systems -- Resilience Analysis for Irrigation -- Cost Estimates -- Consolidating the Results of the Resilience Analysis -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Results -- Baseline Vulnerability, 2010 -- Baseline Vulnerability, 2030 -- Intervention Results -- Consolidated Results -- Do Investments in Resilience Pay Off? -- References -- Chapter 4 Policy Implications -- Reference -- Boxes -- Box 2.1 Projecting Irrigation Expansion Potential in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2030 -- Box 4.1 Selected Recommendations to Make Current Livelihoods More Resilient -- Figures -- Figure 1.1 Poverty Head Count by Aridity Zone, Selected East and West African Countries, 2010 -- Figure 2.1 Model Coverage: Drylands Population Equivalents for Countries Included in the Analysis -- Figure 2.2 Income Sources in Drylands vs. Non-Drylands, Selected East and West African Countries, 2010 -- Figure 2.3 Integration of Livestock Models -- Figure 2.4 Burkina Faso: Cumulative Distribution of Cattle Ownership -- Figure 2.5 Share of the Pastoral Population (%) above the Resilience Level (2010), by Country, Disaggregated by Pure Pastoralists and Agro-Pastoralists. , Figure 2.6 Share of Agriculture in Total Employment, Selected Lower- and Middle-Income Countries -- Figure 2.7 Share of the Pastoral Population (%) above Resilience Level (2030) under the Baseline Scenario, by Country -- Figure 2.8 Estimated Population Affected in a Polygon as a Function of Deviations in the Drought Index from the Benchmark -- Figure 2.9 Africa RiskView Estimates of Drought-Affected People in Mauritania Expected for Each of 25 Simulated Yield Years -- Figure 2.10 Estimated Unit Cost (US/Person Made Resilient/Year, Expressed on a Log Scale) under Baseline Climate and Health and Early Offtake Scenarios -- Figure 3.1 Exposure Level in East and West Africa, 2010 -- Figure 3.2 Estimated Drylands Population Dependent on Agriculture, by Country and Livelihood Type (Millions of People), Selected West and East African Countries, 2010 -- Figure 3.3 Percentage of People Vulnerable to and Affected by Drought, Selected West and East African Countries, 2010 -- Figure 3.4 Projected Rural Population in 2030 (2010 = 100, Medium Fertility Scenario), Selected West and East African Countries -- Figure 3.5 Number of People in Drylands Projected to Be Dependent on Agriculture in 2030 (2010 = 100, Medium Fertility Scenario), Selected West and East African Countries -- Figure 3.6 Percentage Change in Agriculture-Dependent Population, 2010-30, by Livelihood System under Medium-Fertility Scenario -- Figure 3.7 Share of 2010 Population Likely to Drop Out of Pastoralism by 2030, Selected West and East African Countries -- Figure 3.8 People Vulnerable to/Affected by Drought in 2030 (2010 = 100%) -- Figure 3.9 Share of 2030 GDP Required to Protect Drought-Affected Population through Social Safety Net Interventions, Selected West and East African Countries. , Figure 3.10 Vulnerable People in Drylands in 2030 (2010 = 100, Medium-Fertility Scenario), Selected West and East African Countries -- Figure 3.11 Vulnerable People in Drylands in 2030 (2010 = 100, Different Fertility Scenarios), Selected West and East African Countries -- Figure 3.12 The Effect of the Two Key Interventions on Vulnerability Levels under the Baseline Weather Scenario -- Figure 3.13 The Cumulative Effect of Key Interventions on Vulnerability Levels under the Baseline Weather Scenario -- Figure 3.14 Reduction in Exits from Pastoralism because of Technological Interventions, Selected West and East African Countries, 2030 -- Figure 3.15 Relative Contributions of Technological Interventions in Reducing Vulnerability, Selected West and East African Countries, 2030 -- Figure 3.16 Relative Contributions of Technological Interventions in Reducing Vulnerability, by Aridity Zone, 2030 -- Figure 3.17 Importance of Targeting Technological Interventions -- Figure 3.18 Estimated Reduction in the Average Number of Drought-Affected People through Use of FMNR and Other Technologies by 2030 -- Figure 3.19 Land Area with Irrigation Investment Potential under Alternative Assumptions of Irrigation Costs and IRRs -- Figure 3.20 Beneficiary Population under Alternative Assumptions of Irrigation Costs and IRRs -- Figure 3.21 Contribution of Technological Interventions to Resilience in 2030 (2010 = 100%), Selected West and East African Countries -- Figure 3.22 Benefit/Cost Ratios of Resilience Interventions, Selected West and East African Countries -- Maps -- Map 1.1 Dryland Regions of West and East Africa -- Map 1.2 Shift and Expansion by 2050 of Dryland Areas Caused by Climate Change -- Map 2.1 Data Availability by Type of Intervention -- Map 2.2 Crop by Aridity Zone/Admin Unit. , Map 3.1 Projected Number of Drought-Affected People, Annual Average, Selected Countries, 2010 -- Tables -- Table 1.1 Aridity Zones Defined -- Table 1.2 Shares of Households in Transition across Poverty Status, Ethiopia, 1994-2009 -- Table 2.1 Approach and Assumptions Used in Estimating Vulnerability in the Model -- Table 2.2 Models Used for the Resilience Analysis, by Aridity Zone -- Table 2.3 How the Various Aridity Classes Are Aggregated into Aridity Zones -- Table 2.4 Estimated Agriculture-Dependent Population in East and West Africa, 2010 -- Table 2.5 Three Dimensions of Vulnerability in Africa's Drylands, 2010 (Million People) -- Table 2.6 Gini Coefficient of Livestock Ownership, Selected West and East African Countries -- Table 2.7 Mauritania Vulnerability Profile (Population, Millions) -- Table 2.8 Coverage of Resilience Interventions -- Table 2.9 Maize, Millet, and Sorghum Cropping Calendar, Selected West and East African Countries -- Table B2.1.1 Current Inventory of Large Dams in African Countries -- Table 2.10 Aquifer Classification in British Geological Survey Groundwater Data -- Table 2.11 Criteria Used to Assess Environmental Suitability of Large-Scale Irrigation Investment (within the Delineated Command Areas of Reservoirs) -- Table 2.12 Criteria Used to Assess Environmental Suitability of Small-Scale Irrigation Investment -- Table 2.13 Estimated Annual Costs of Resilience Interventions (US Billions/year) -- Table 2.14 Average Cost/Person/Year of the Main Interventions in Five Dryland Livestock Development Projects (US) -- Table 2.15 Assumptions about the Allocation of Adoption- and Non-Adoption-Related Costs -- Table 2.16 Summary of Costs (Average 2011-14 Prices, US Billions) of Health and Early Offtake Interventions and Their Distribution between the Public and Private Sectors (2011-30). , Table 2.17 Public Costs of Technology Transfer (US/hectare) -- Table 2.18 Private Costs of Technology Adoption (US/hectare) -- Table 2.19 Irrigation Development Unit Cost Assumptions (US/hectare) -- Table 2.20 Coverage of Livelihood Modeling by Aridity Zone -- Table 3.1 Minimum Number of TLU per Household Required to Attain Resilience -- Table 3.2 Livestock Population Growth (Offtake + Population Growth), 2012-30, as Affected by Technology and Climate -- Table 3.3 Irrigation Development Potential by 2030 (1,000 ha, Medium-Cost-5% IRR), Selected West and East African Countries -- Table 3.4 Estimated Beneficiary Population (1,000 People, Medium-Cost 5% IRR), Selected West and East African Countries -- Table 3.5 Beneficiary Population by Aridity Zone (1,000 People, Medium-Cost-5% IRR).

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4648-1226-8

Language: English

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URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-1-4648-1226-2

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (152 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-4648-0290-4

Series Statement: World Bank Studies

Content: Gabon is an upper middle income country, with reasonable spending on health, however, its health outcomes resemble that of a country that is low / low-middle income. Where has Gabon gone wrong, and what are the challenges that Gabon is facing in improving health outcomes? Gabon is an emerging economy, while it has achieved high economic development it still has not achieved living standards and health outcomes seen in upper middle income countries. Gabon faces low life expectancy (63 years), levels as seen in other low income countries. It is in an early stage of an epidemiological transition. Fertility rates remain high, and mortality rates are starting to decline. It has a high burden from communicable diseases. While HIV incidence and tuberculosis incidence has started to show positive results, Malaria incidence continues to remain high. There are cost-effective interventions available to prevent many of the communicable diseases the country faces. These interventions require multi-sector approaches, behavioral change programs, outreach services, community development, and a primary health care focus.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Executive Summary; Background; Positive Developments in Gabon's Path to Universal Health Coverage; Gabon in Perspective; Next Steps in Gabon's Path to Universal Health Coverage; What Could Work Better; Note; Chapter 1Background and Objectives; Economic Background; Figures; Figure 1.1 Gabon: Annual Growth Rate Based on GDP Per Capita, PPP; Tables; Table 1.1 Socioeconomic Indicators in African Countries, 2012; Population Dynamics and Demographic Changes; Figure 1.2 Demographic Profile, 2012-45 , Epidemiological ChangesTable 1.2 Disease Burden, Causes of Death in Percent, 2011; Health Service Infrastructure; Figure 1.3 The Structure and Levels of the (Public) Health System in Gabon; Table 1.3 Health Facilities by Type and Ownership; Figure 1.4 Hospital Bed Ratios Compared to Other Countries of Similar Income and Health Spending; Table 1.4 Hospital Bed Ratios Per 1,000 Population; Health Service Providers; Table 1.5 Public Sector Medical and Paramedical Staff by Type; Figure 1.5 Human Resource Population Ratio as Compared to Other Countries of Similar Income and Health Spending; Boxes , Box 1.1 The Case of Kango Medical Center in the West Health Region (Estuaire Province)Figure 1.6 Density of University-Level Staff at Primary Health Care Facilities Per 100 Population, 2012; Health Policy and Strategy; Historical Perspective on the Evolution of Health Financing Reform; Book Objectives; Notes; Chapter 2Health Outcomes, and Use of Health Services; Introduction; Key Findings; Health Outcomes; Figure 2.1 Health Outcomes Relative to Countries of Similar Income; Figure 2.2 Trend in Under-5 Mortality Rate and Maternal Mortality Ratio as Compared to MDG Targets , Figure 2.3 The Causes of Maternal Deaths by PercentFigure 2.4 Trends in Under-5 Mortality and Infant Mortality Rates; Figure 2.5 Causes of Mortality, in Percent, 2010; Health Service Use; Figure 2.6 Main Causes of Morbidity and Mortality, for All Ages, in Percent, 2005; Figure 2.7 Health Service Utilization by Health Regions and Departments, 2012; Figure 2.8 Child Birth Attended by a Skilled Birth Attendant, Percentage, 2012; Table 2.1 Health Related Indicators for Gabon; Figure 2.9 Barriers to Accessing Health Care Reported by Women (15-49 years), 2012 , Figure 2.10 Women Receiving All Necessary Exams during Prenatal Visits, Percentage, 2012Figure 2.11 Health Service Use and Quality of Care among Children Under 5 Years of Age with Fever, 2012; Figure 2.12 Health Facility Attendance by Consumption Quintile; Summary; Figure 2.13 Patient Perceptions and Reasons for Dissatisfaction with Public Facilities during Childbirth, 2000 and 2012; Notes; Chapter 3Health Financing; Introduction; Key Findings; Global Comparisons; Figure 3.1 Total Health Spending as Compared to Other Countries with Similar Income , Figure 3.2 Public Health Spending Compared to Countries with Similar Income , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4648-0289-0

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-322-22098-0

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (440 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-280-14138-7 , 9786610141388

Series Statement: World Development Indicators

Content: World Development Indicators, the World Bank's respected statistical publication presents the most current and accurate information on global development on both a national level and aggregated globally. This information allows readers to monitor the progress made toward meeting the goals endorsed by the United Nations and its member countries, the World Bank, and a host of partner organizations in September 2001 in their Millennium Development Goals. The print edition of World Development Indicators 2005 allows you to consult over 80 tables and over 800 indicators for 152 economies and 14 country groups, as well as basic indicators for a further 55 economies. There are key indicators for the latest year available, important regional data, and income group analysis. The report contains six thematic presentations of analytical commentary covering: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links.

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Intro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- FRONT -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Partners -- Users guide -- 1. WORLD VIEW -- Introduction -- Millennium Development Goals, targets, and indicators -- Tables -- 1.1 Size of the economy -- 1.2 Millennium Development Goals: eradicating poverty and improving lives -- 1.3 Millennium Development Goals: protecting our common environment -- 1.4 Millennium Development Goals: overcoming obstacles -- 1.5 Women in development -- 1.6 Key indicators for other economies -- Text figures and boxes -- Goal 1 Poverty rates are falling, but progress has been uneven -- China leads the way -- Rising poverty In Africa-and between the poverty lines -- Fewer people in extreme poverty -- Africa's poor get poorer -- Which countries are on track to reach the MDG target? -- Starbng life at a disadvantage -- Hunger rising in Africa -- Poor and malnourished -- Goal 2 More children everywhere are completing primary school -- Education for all means girls and boys -- lnefficient schools slow progress -- Rich and poor: an attendance gap -- Goal 3 More girls in school, but the 2005 target will be missed -- More women working for wages -- Few women in decisionmaking positions -- Income and tradition determine girls' opportunities for schooling -- Goal 4 lmproving the odds for children -- To reduce child deaths, infants must survive -- Many children's deaths are preventable -- Unequal risks -- Goal 5 Mothers at risk in Africa and South Asia -- Mothers die because of inadequate health care -- Needed: well trained health workers -- Poor and rural women are least well served -- Goal 6 While Sub-Saharan Africa struggles, HIV/AIDS spreads in other regions -- The risk to women is growing -- The risk of tuberculosis grows for the most vulnerable -- In Africa AIDS is leaving millions of children orphaned. , Young children bear the burden of malaria -- Goal 7 People need safe, reliable supplies of water -- Many still lack adequate sanitation -- Urban areas are expanding -- More environmental challenges ahead -- Goal 8 Many sources and many patterns of financing -- Official development assistance is rising, but still too little -- Tariffs remain high on poor countries' exports -- Debt service is falling, but more relief is needed -- New technologies are spreading quickly -- 1.1a Developing countries produce slightly less than half the world's output -- 1.2a Location of indicators for Millennium Development Goals 1-5 -- 1.3a Location of indlcators for Millennium Development Goals 6-7 -- 1.4a Location of indicators for Millennium Development Goal 8 -- 2. PEOPLE -- Introduction -- Tables -- 2.1 Population dynamics -- 2.2 Labor force structure -- 2.3 Employment by economic activity -- 2.4 Unemployment -- 2.5 Poverty -- 2.6 Social indicators of poverty -- 2.7 Distribution of income or consumption -- 2.8 Assessing vulnerability -- 2.9 Enhancing security -- 2.10 Education inputs -- 2.11 Participation in education -- 2.12 Education efficiency and completion -- 2.13 Education outcomes -- 2.14 Health: expenditure, services, and use -- 2.15 Disease prevention: coverage and quality -- 2.16 Reproductive health -- 2.17 Nutrition -- 2.18 Health: risk factors and future challenges -- 2.19 Mortality -- Text figures and boxes -- 2a Progress toward gender parity in primary, secondary, and tertiary education is uneven across regions -- 2b Achieving equal access to education for boys and girls leads to progress toward the goal -- 2c Population estimates and enrollment rates -- 2d Sustainable statistical capacity is possible in low-income countries -- 2e Key gender performance indicators -- 2.5a Regional poverty estimates. , 2.5b Coverage of survey data by developing country region, 1978-81 to 2000-01 -- 2.9a Poor people often benefit less than wealthy people from pubic health spending -- 2.11a Access to education remains elusive, especially for poor children -- 2.13a In rural areas more children drop out of primary school, and girls are more vulnerable -- 2.14a A severe maldistribution of health workers -- 2.15a Children with acute respiratory infection have bettter access to health care in urban areas -- 2.19a Inequalities in health and use of health services in Burkina Faso, 1998 -- 3. ENVIRONMENT -- lntroduction -- Tables -- 3.a Urban housing conditions -- 3.1 Rural environment and land use -- 3.2 Agricultural inputs -- 3.3 Agricultural output and productivity -- 3.4 Deforestation and biodiversity -- 3.5 Freshwater -- 3.6 Water pollution -- 3.7 Energy production and use -- 3.8 Energy efficiency, dependency, and emissions -- 3.9 Sources of electricity -- 3.10 Urbanization -- 3.11 Urban environment -- 3.12 Traffic and congestion -- 3.13 Air pollution -- 3.14 Government commitment -- 3.15 Toward a broader measure of savings -- Text figurers and boxes -- 3a High-income countries account for half the world's carbon dioxide emissions -- 3b Most future urban growth will be absorbed by developing economies -- 3c Global monitoring of housing conditions and data requirements -- 3.1a All income groups and all regions are becoming less rural -- 3.2a Arable land per person is shrinking in all regions and in all income groups -- 3.3a The 10 countries with the highest cereal yield in 2002-0- and the 10 with the lowest -- 3.5a Agriculture uses more than 71 percent of freshwater globally -- 3.6a High- and middle-income countries account for most water pollution from organic waste -- 3.7a Ten of the top 15 energy producers are low-income countries. . .. , 3.7b . . . but only 7 of the top 15 energy users are -- 3.7c High-income countries have the highest energy use per capita -- 3.8a All income groups are using energy more efficiently now -- 3.9a Sources of electricity generation have shifted differently in different income groups -- 3.10a Developing economies are becoming more urban -- 3.10b . . . and urbanization is growing fastest in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia -- 3.11a The use of public transportation for work trips varied widely across cities in 1998 -- 3.12a High-income countries have many more passenger cars per 1,000 people than developing countries do -- 3.14a The Kyoto Protocol on climate change -- 3.14b Global atmospheric concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons have leveled off -- 3.14c Global focus on biodiversity and climate change -- 4. ECONOMY -- Introduction -- Tables -- 4.a Recent economic performance -- 4.b Key macroeconomic indicators -- 4.1 Growth of output -- 4.2 Structure of output -- 4.3 Structure of manufacturing -- 4.4 Growth of merchandise trade -- 4.5 Structure of merchandise exports -- 4.6 Structure of merchandise imports -- 4.7 Structure of service exports -- 4.8 Structure of servrce imports -- 4.9 Structure of demand -- 4.10 Growth of consumption and investment -- 4.11 Central government finances -- 4.12 Central government expenses -- 4.13 Central government revenues -- 4.14 Monetary indicators and prices -- 4.15 Balance of payments current account -- 4.16 External debt -- 4.17 External debt management -- Text figures and boxes -- 4a Economic growth varies greatly across regions -- 4b With more than two decades of rapid growth East Asia and Pacific has caught up with Latin America and the Caribbean -- 4c The 10 largest holders of foreign exchange reserves in 2003 -- 4d Fewer countries had double digit inflation rates in 2003. , 4e The System of National Accounts-keeping up with the 21st century -- 4.3a Manufacturing continues to show strong growth in East Asia -- 4.5a Some developing country regions are increasing their share of merchandise exports -- 4.6a Top 10 exporters in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2003 -- 4.7a Top 10 developing country exporters of commercial services in 2003 -- 4.8a The mix of commercial service imports is changing -- 4.10a Investment has risen in Asia, but remains stagnant in Latin America and Africa -- 4.11a Selected developing countries with large cash deficits -- 4.12a Interest payments are a large part of government expenditure for some developing economies -- 4.13a Rich countries rely more on direct taxes -- 4.15a The 15 economies with the largest current account surplus and the 15 with the largest deficit-in 2002 -- 4.16a The debt burden of Sub-Saharan African countries has been falling since 1995 -- 4.17a When the present value of a country's external debt exceeds 220 percent of exports or 80 percent of GNI, the World Ban -- 5. STATES AND MARKETS -- Introduction -- Tables -- 5.1 Private sector development -- 5.2 Investment climate -- 5.3 Business environment -- 5.4 Stock markets -- 5.5 Financial depth and efficiency -- 5.6 Tax policies -- 5.7 Relative prices and exchange rates -- 5.8 Defense expenditures and arms transfers -- 5.9 Transport services -- 5.10 Power and communications -- 5.11 The information age -- 5.12 Science and technology -- Text figures and boxes -- 5a Policy uncertainty dominates the investment climate concerns of firms -- 5b Challenges in measuring the investment climate -- 5.1a Latin America and the Caribbean still has the highest investment levels, but activity has declined for the fifth consecu -- 5.9a World airline passenger traffic is expected to rebound in 2004 after two years of stagnation. , 5.10a Mobile phone access outpaced fixed-line access in some developing country regions in 2003. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-8213-6071-X

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/0-8213-6071-X

UID:

Format: Online-Ressource (231 p)

Edition: Online-Ausg.

ISBN: 9780821396674

Series Statement: Directions in Development--Human Development

Content: Despite some recent successes in Ghana, further improvements in health outcomes are inpart hampered by the lack of skilled service providers, or human resources for health (HRH),particularly in rural areas, where critical health services are needed most. To address thelack of information and guide the development of policies and programs on HRH, TowardInterventions in Human Resources for Health in Ghana: Evidence for Health Workforce Planningand Results aims to paint a comprehensive picture of HRH, consolidating new and existingevidence on the stock, distribution, and performance of h ealth wo

Note: Description based upon print version of record , Cover; Contents; Foreword, The Government of Ghana; Foreword, The World Bank; Acknowledgments; Editors and Contributors; Abbreviations; PART I: Introduction and Overview; Chapter 1 Toward Evidence-Based Interventions for HRH; Health Outcomes and HRH; Objective and Organization of This Book; Conceptual Framework; Boxes; 1.1 Data Featured in This Book; Figures; 1.1 Flow of Individuals into the Health Labor Market: Effect on Stock and Distribution of HRH; Key Findings on Stock, Distribution, and Performance; 1.2 Overview of Key Findings from Appendix B: Preservice Education Capacity , 1.3 Overview of Key Findings from Appendix C: Compensation of Health Workers before and after 2006Toward Evidence-Based Intervention; 1.4 Overview of Key Findings from Appendix A: Decision-Making Authority in HRH by Agency and Level; Conclusion; References; PART II: The HRH Situation; Chapter 2 The Stock of Health Workers; Summary of Findings; Public Sector Health Worker Numbers; Tables; 2.1 Health Employment Agencies and Organizations by Sector; 2.2 Number and Density of Public Personnel at Health Facilities, Selected African Countries with Similar GDP , 2.1 Clinical and Nonclinical Health Workers, Selected African Countries, 20092.3 Numbers and Densities of Clinical Health Cadres, 2009; What Explains the Stock of Health Workers?; 2.2 Number of Doctors, Nurses, and Midwives, 2003-09; 2.3 Doctors, Nurses, and Midwives per 1,000 Population; 2.4 Production of Selected Health Worker Cadres in Ghana, All Schools; 2.4 Student Enrollment by School Type, 2003-07; 2.5 Student Enrollment at the University of Ghana School of Medicine, 1994-2008; 2.6 Applicants and Enrollment at Selected Health-Training Institutions, 2008 , 2.5 Training Costs by Health Worker Type2.7 Capacity Weaknesses in Ghana's Training System; 2.8 Attrition Rates among Health Workers, 2004-08; 2.9 Trend and Reasons for Attrition in GHS Facilities, 2002-08; 2.10 Age Distribution of Selected Cadres of Health Workers, 2009; 2.11 Attrition of Doctors and Dentists, 1985-94; 2.12 Intention to Migrate among Health Workers, Selected African Countries, 2003; 2.13 Doctors from Selected African Countries Living Abroad, 1991-2004; 2.14 Destinations of Emigrating Ghanaian Nurses, 2002-05; 2.15 Migration and Attrition of Nurses, 2002-09 , 2.16 Migration and Attrition of Physicians, 2002-092.1 Impact of Wage Increases on Outmigration; 2.2 Poaching from U.K. Recruitment Agencies; Conclusion; Notes; References; Chapter 3 The Distribution of Health Workers; Summary of Findings; Where Ghana's Health Workers Are Employed; 3.1 Public Sector Health Workers by Region and Cadre, 2009; 3.2 Public Sector Health Workers per 1,000 Population by Region and Cadre, 2009; 3.1 CHAG Health Workers by Region, 2009; 3.2 Doctors, Nurses, and Midwives per 1,000 Population by Region, 2009; Reasons for the Uneven Distribution of Health Workers , 3.3 Health Worker Density and Proportion of Assisted Births by Region , English , en_US

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780821396681

Additional Edition: Print version Toward Interventions in Human Resources for Health in Ghana Evidence for Health Workforce Planning and Results

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: kostenfrei

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (104 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-4648-1227-6

Series Statement: World Bank Studies

Content: Drylands account for three-quarters of Sub-Saharan Africa's cropland, two-thirds of cereal production, and four-fifths of livestock holdings. Today frequent and severe shocks, especially droughts, limit the livelihood opportunities available to millions of households and undermine efforts to eradicate poverty in the drylands. Prospects for sustainable development of drylands are assessed in this book through the lens of resilience, understood here to mean the ability of people to withstand and respond to droughts and other shocks. An original model was developed expressly to consistently and coherently evaluate different type of interventions on the ground, which provided a common framework to anticipate thescale of the challenges likely to arise in drylands, as well as to generate insights into opportunities for addressing those challenges.Such modeling framework consisted in a) estimating the baseline vulnerability profiles of people living in drylands (2010), b) estimate the evolution of vulnerability by 2030 under a range of assumptions, c) calculated the number of people affectedby drought in the different administrative units of each country, and d) evaluate different types of interventions in agriculture and livestock for mitigating drought impact by calculating the potential for reducing the number of people affected for each scenario and conducting a simplified - benefit/cost (B/C) analysis for each type of intervention.For livestock, simulation models were used to estimate the impacts of feed balances, livestock production, and household income resilience interventions under different climate scenarios). For agriculture, the DSSAT (Decision Support System for-Agrotechnology Transfer) framework was used to assess the potential impact on yields likely to result from adoption of five crop farming technologies: (1) drought-tolerant varieties, (2) heat-tolerant varieties, (3) additional fertilizer, (4) agroforestry practices, (S) irrigation (6) water-harvesting techniques and selected combinations thereof.

Note: Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Editors and Authors -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Background -- The Model -- The Interventions -- The Results -- Policy Implications -- Cost Implications of Interventions -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Defining "Drylands" -- Definition of "Resilience" -- Note -- References -- Chapter 2 Methodology -- Country Coverage -- Main Assumptions and Sources of Data -- Relationship between Resilience and Poverty -- Estimation of 2010 Vulnerability Profiles -- Estimation of 2030 Vulnerability Profiles -- Moving from "Vulnerable to Drought" to "Affected by Drought" -- Interventions -- Resilience Analysis for Livestock Systems -- Resilience Analysis for Rainfed Cropping Systems -- Resilience Analysis for Irrigation -- Cost Estimates -- Consolidating the Results of the Resilience Analysis -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Results -- Baseline Vulnerability, 2010 -- Baseline Vulnerability, 2030 -- Intervention Results -- Consolidated Results -- Do Investments in Resilience Pay Off? -- References -- Chapter 4 Policy Implications -- Reference -- Boxes -- Box 2.1 Projecting Irrigation Expansion Potential in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2030 -- Box 4.1 Selected Recommendations to Make Current Livelihoods More Resilient -- Figures -- Figure 1.1 Poverty Head Count by Aridity Zone, Selected East and West African Countries, 2010 -- Figure 2.1 Model Coverage: Drylands Population Equivalents for Countries Included in the Analysis -- Figure 2.2 Income Sources in Drylands vs. Non-Drylands, Selected East and West African Countries, 2010 -- Figure 2.3 Integration of Livestock Models -- Figure 2.4 Burkina Faso: Cumulative Distribution of Cattle Ownership -- Figure 2.5 Share of the Pastoral Population (%) above the Resilience Level (2010), by Country, Disaggregated by Pure Pastoralists and Agro-Pastoralists. , Figure 2.6 Share of Agriculture in Total Employment, Selected Lower- and Middle-Income Countries -- Figure 2.7 Share of the Pastoral Population (%) above Resilience Level (2030) under the Baseline Scenario, by Country -- Figure 2.8 Estimated Population Affected in a Polygon as a Function of Deviations in the Drought Index from the Benchmark -- Figure 2.9 Africa RiskView Estimates of Drought-Affected People in Mauritania Expected for Each of 25 Simulated Yield Years -- Figure 2.10 Estimated Unit Cost (US/Person Made Resilient/Year, Expressed on a Log Scale) under Baseline Climate and Health and Early Offtake Scenarios -- Figure 3.1 Exposure Level in East and West Africa, 2010 -- Figure 3.2 Estimated Drylands Population Dependent on Agriculture, by Country and Livelihood Type (Millions of People), Selected West and East African Countries, 2010 -- Figure 3.3 Percentage of People Vulnerable to and Affected by Drought, Selected West and East African Countries, 2010 -- Figure 3.4 Projected Rural Population in 2030 (2010 = 100, Medium Fertility Scenario), Selected West and East African Countries -- Figure 3.5 Number of People in Drylands Projected to Be Dependent on Agriculture in 2030 (2010 = 100, Medium Fertility Scenario), Selected West and East African Countries -- Figure 3.6 Percentage Change in Agriculture-Dependent Population, 2010-30, by Livelihood System under Medium-Fertility Scenario -- Figure 3.7 Share of 2010 Population Likely to Drop Out of Pastoralism by 2030, Selected West and East African Countries -- Figure 3.8 People Vulnerable to/Affected by Drought in 2030 (2010 = 100%) -- Figure 3.9 Share of 2030 GDP Required to Protect Drought-Affected Population through Social Safety Net Interventions, Selected West and East African Countries. , Figure 3.10 Vulnerable People in Drylands in 2030 (2010 = 100, Medium-Fertility Scenario), Selected West and East African Countries -- Figure 3.11 Vulnerable People in Drylands in 2030 (2010 = 100, Different Fertility Scenarios), Selected West and East African Countries -- Figure 3.12 The Effect of the Two Key Interventions on Vulnerability Levels under the Baseline Weather Scenario -- Figure 3.13 The Cumulative Effect of Key Interventions on Vulnerability Levels under the Baseline Weather Scenario -- Figure 3.14 Reduction in Exits from Pastoralism because of Technological Interventions, Selected West and East African Countries, 2030 -- Figure 3.15 Relative Contributions of Technological Interventions in Reducing Vulnerability, Selected West and East African Countries, 2030 -- Figure 3.16 Relative Contributions of Technological Interventions in Reducing Vulnerability, by Aridity Zone, 2030 -- Figure 3.17 Importance of Targeting Technological Interventions -- Figure 3.18 Estimated Reduction in the Average Number of Drought-Affected People through Use of FMNR and Other Technologies by 2030 -- Figure 3.19 Land Area with Irrigation Investment Potential under Alternative Assumptions of Irrigation Costs and IRRs -- Figure 3.20 Beneficiary Population under Alternative Assumptions of Irrigation Costs and IRRs -- Figure 3.21 Contribution of Technological Interventions to Resilience in 2030 (2010 = 100%), Selected West and East African Countries -- Figure 3.22 Benefit/Cost Ratios of Resilience Interventions, Selected West and East African Countries -- Maps -- Map 1.1 Dryland Regions of West and East Africa -- Map 1.2 Shift and Expansion by 2050 of Dryland Areas Caused by Climate Change -- Map 2.1 Data Availability by Type of Intervention -- Map 2.2 Crop by Aridity Zone/Admin Unit. , Map 3.1 Projected Number of Drought-Affected People, Annual Average, Selected Countries, 2010 -- Tables -- Table 1.1 Aridity Zones Defined -- Table 1.2 Shares of Households in Transition across Poverty Status, Ethiopia, 1994-2009 -- Table 2.1 Approach and Assumptions Used in Estimating Vulnerability in the Model -- Table 2.2 Models Used for the Resilience Analysis, by Aridity Zone -- Table 2.3 How the Various Aridity Classes Are Aggregated into Aridity Zones -- Table 2.4 Estimated Agriculture-Dependent Population in East and West Africa, 2010 -- Table 2.5 Three Dimensions of Vulnerability in Africa's Drylands, 2010 (Million People) -- Table 2.6 Gini Coefficient of Livestock Ownership, Selected West and East African Countries -- Table 2.7 Mauritania Vulnerability Profile (Population, Millions) -- Table 2.8 Coverage of Resilience Interventions -- Table 2.9 Maize, Millet, and Sorghum Cropping Calendar, Selected West and East African Countries -- Table B2.1.1 Current Inventory of Large Dams in African Countries -- Table 2.10 Aquifer Classification in British Geological Survey Groundwater Data -- Table 2.11 Criteria Used to Assess Environmental Suitability of Large-Scale Irrigation Investment (within the Delineated Command Areas of Reservoirs) -- Table 2.12 Criteria Used to Assess Environmental Suitability of Small-Scale Irrigation Investment -- Table 2.13 Estimated Annual Costs of Resilience Interventions (US Billions/year) -- Table 2.14 Average Cost/Person/Year of the Main Interventions in Five Dryland Livestock Development Projects (US) -- Table 2.15 Assumptions about the Allocation of Adoption- and Non-Adoption-Related Costs -- Table 2.16 Summary of Costs (Average 2011-14 Prices, US Billions) of Health and Early Offtake Interventions and Their Distribution between the Public and Private Sectors (2011-30). , Table 2.17 Public Costs of Technology Transfer (US/hectare) -- Table 2.18 Private Costs of Technology Adoption (US/hectare) -- Table 2.19 Irrigation Development Unit Cost Assumptions (US/hectare) -- Table 2.20 Coverage of Livelihood Modeling by Aridity Zone -- Table 3.1 Minimum Number of TLU per Household Required to Attain Resilience -- Table 3.2 Livestock Population Growth (Offtake + Population Growth), 2012-30, as Affected by Technology and Climate -- Table 3.3 Irrigation Development Potential by 2030 (1,000 ha, Medium-Cost-5% IRR), Selected West and East African Countries -- Table 3.4 Estimated Beneficiary Population (1,000 People, Medium-Cost 5% IRR), Selected West and East African Countries -- Table 3.5 Beneficiary Population by Aridity Zone (1,000 People, Medium-Cost-5% IRR).

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4648-1226-8

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (182 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-87586-776-6 , 9786612916069 , 1-282-91606-8

Content: The foundations of power politics in the nuclear age, fundamental forces that drive events in the international news, and seldom-discussed factors that can shift whole economies, or trigger wars, may be discerned from the statistical tables presented in this novel yearbook. This statistical annual presents fundamental data in three sections: (1) Quality of Life, (2) Balance of Power, and (3) Developed Market Economies since 1960.It contains data that is generally not available elsewhere. Sections 1 and 2 give statistics for 232 countries. The World Bank and Encyclopedia Britannica provides

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , ""Introduction""; ""Sources""; ""Regions""; ""Abbreviations""; ""1. QUALITY OF LIFE""; ""TABLE 1.1 GROSS NATIONAL INCOME ""; ""AT MARKET EXCHANGE RATES PER CAPITA, 2007""; ""TABLE 1.2 INFANT MORTALITY RATE ""; ""PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS, 2007""; ""TABLE 1.3 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH ""; ""TABLE 1.4 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ""; ""AT PURCHASING POWER PARITIES PER CAPITA, 2007""; ""TABLE 1.5 ECONOMIC QUALITY OF LIFE INDEX ""; ""PRINCIPAL COMPONENT 1 ""; ""OF THE ECONOMIC QUALITY OF LIFE INDICATORS, 2007""; ""TABLE 1.6 SOCIETAL INTEGRATION INDEX "" , ""OPENNESS OF POLITICAL PROCESS, 2007""""TABLE 1.7 CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS INDEX, 2007""; ""TABLE 1.8 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, 2006""; ""TABLE 1.9 GINI COEFFICIENT ""; ""OF INCOME INEQUALITY, 2007""; ""TABLE 1.10 HUMAN RIGHTS INDEX ""; ""PRINCIPAL COMPONENT 1 OF ""; ""THE POLITICAL QUALITY OF LIFE INDICATORS, 2007""; ""TABLE 1.11 ECONOMICO POLITICAL ""; ""QUALITY OF LIFE INDEX ""; ""PRINCIPAL COMPONENT 1 OF THE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL QUALITY OF LIFE INDICATORS, 2007""; ""2. BALANCE OF POWER""; ""TABLE 2.1 POPULATION IN THOUSANDS, 2007"" , ""TABLE 2.2 GDP AT PURCHASING POWER PARITIES MILLIONS OF DOLLARS, 2007""""TABLE 2.3 GNI AT MARKET EXCHANGE RATES""; ""IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS, 2007""; ""TABLE 2.4 ARMED FORCES PERSONNEL,""; ""THOUSANDS, 2009""; ""TABLE 2.5 MILITARY EXPENDITURES ""; ""AS SHARE OF GDP PERCENT, 2007""; ""TABLE 2.6 FOREIGN MILITARY AID RECEIVED""; ""IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS, 2007""; ""TABLE 2.7 MILITARY EXPENDITURES ""; ""AT PURCHASING POWER PARITIES PLUS ""; ""FOREIGN MILITARY AID ""; ""IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS, 2007""; ""TABLE 2.8 MILITARY EXPENDITURES "" , ""AT MARKET EXCHANGE RATES PLUS """"FOREIGN MILITARY AID ""; ""IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS, 2007""; ""TABLE 2.9 OPERATIONAL NUCLEAR DELIVERY SYSTEMS, 2007 2008""; ""TABLE 2.10 OPERATIONAL NUCLEAR WARHEADS, 2007-2008""; ""TABLE 2.11 OPERATIONAL NUCLEAR WARHEADS, ""; ""2007 2008""; ""TABLE 2.12 OPERATIONAL NUCLEAR WARHEADS, 2007 2008 ""; ""TABLE 2.13 STATES POSSESSING, PURSUING OR CAPABLE OF ACQUIRING ""; ""WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION, 2007""; ""3. DEVELOPED MARKET ECONOMIES""; ""Table 3.1 GNI per Capita at Market Exchange Rates ""; ""of Developed Market Economies"" , ""TABLE 3.1.1 GNI PER CAPITA """"AT MARKET EXCHANGE RATES""; ""YEAR 1970""; ""TABLE 3.1.2 GNI PER CAPITA ""; ""AT MARKET EXCHANGE RATES ""; ""YEAR 1980""; ""TABLE 3.1.3 GNI PER CAPITA ""; ""AT MARKET EXCHANGE RATES ""; "" YEAR 1990""; ""TABLE 3.1.4 GNI PER CAPITA ""; ""AT MARKET EXCHANGE RATES ""; ""YEAR 2000""; ""TABLE 3.1.5 GNI PER CAPITA ""; ""AT MARKET EXCHANGE RATES ""; "" YEAR 2007""; ""TABLE 3.1.6 GROWTH RATES OF GNI PER CAPITA ""; ""AT MARKET EXCHANGE RATES ""; ""1970-2007""; ""Table 3.2 GDP per Capita at PPP""; ""of Developed Market Economies"" , ""TABLE 3.2.1 GDP PER CAPITA AT PPP OF DEVELOPED MARKET ECONOMIES"" , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-87586-774-X

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-87586-775-8

Language: English

UID:

Format: xxix, 188 pages : , illustrations ; , 23 cm.

ISBN: 1-282-45077-8 , 9786612450778 , 0-8213-8164-4

Series Statement: Latin American development forum series

Content: Early childhood development outcomes play an important role throughout a person's life, affecting one's income-earning capacity and productivity, longevity, health, and cognitive ability. The deleterious effects of poor early childhood development outcomes can be long-lasting, affecting school attainment, employment, wages, criminality, and social integration of adults.The authors first take stock of early childhood development indicators in the region and explore access to early childhood development services for children of different backgrounds. They review recent evidence on the impact of

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , About the Authors; Contents; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Introduction; 1. An Analytical Framework for Early Childhood Development; Figure 1.1 Early Childhood Development: Analytical Framework; Table 1.1 Most Commonly Used Psychometric Tests in ECD Evaluations; 2. Overview of Early Childhood Development in Latin America and the Caribbean Today; Figure 2.1 Percentage of Children Less Than Five Years Old Who Are Poor, by Region, 2004; Figure 2.2 Poverty Rates Measured by GDP per Capita, 2007 , Figure 2.3 Percentage of the Nonpoor Population Aged 25 Years That Has Completed Secondary School, by Country and GDP per Capita, 2005-06Figure 2.4 Percentage of the Poor Population Aged 25 Years That Has Completed Secondary School, by Country and GDP per Capita, 2005-06; Figure 2.5 Percentage of Employed Women in the Informal Sector, by Country and GDP per Capita; Table 2.1 Comparative Nutrition Indicators for Developing Regions, 2005 (Percent); Figure 2.6 Prevalence of Underweight Children Aged 0 to 5 Years, by Country and GDP per Capita, 2002 , Figure 2.7 Distribution of Stunted Children Aged 0 to 5 Years, by Country and GDP per Capita, 2002Table 2.2 Infant and Child Mortality Rates by Country (per Thousand Live Births), 1960-2007; Figure 2.8 Infant Mortality Rates (Deaths per 1,000 Live Births) by Country and GDP per Capita, 2005; Figure 2.9 Percentage of Children Aged 0 to 6 Years Living in Poor Housing Conditions; Figure 2.10 Variance in Student Learning Outcomes Explained by Family Circumstances, 2000 PISA , Figure 2.11 Percentage of Children under Six Years in the Region with Access to Health Insurance, by Country and GDP Per CapitaFigure 2.12 Gross Enrollment in Preprimary Education Worldwide, 1999-2004; Figure 2.13 Gross Preprimary Education Enrollment by Country and GDP per Capita, 2004; Figure 2.14 Expected Years of Preprimary Education by Country, 2004; Table 2.3 Summary of Contextual and ECD Features in Latin America and the Caribbean, by Country (2005, 2006 or Latest Available Year); 3. Evidence on Early Childhood Interventions from around the World , Figure 3.1 Diverse Multisectoral Policies That Can Affect ECDBox 3.1 Interpreting Existing Studies of ECD Interventions; 4. Early Childhood Development Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean; Figure 4.1 Preprimary Education Expenditure as Share of Total Educational Expenditure, 2004 (Percent); Figure 4.2 Public Expenditure on Preprimary Education as a Share of GNP, 2004 (Percent); Figure 4.3 Public Investment in ECD as a Percentage of GDP in OECD Countries, 2007; Box 4.1 Curriculum of an Early Stimulation Program in Jamaica , Figure 4.4 Baseline Measurements for Roving Caregivers Program in St. Lucia , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-8213-7759-0

Language: English

UID:

Format: xxix, 188 pages : , illustrations ; , 23 cm.

ISBN: 1-282-45077-8 , 9786612450778 , 0-8213-8164-4

Series Statement: Latin American development forum series

Content: Early childhood development outcomes play an important role throughout a person's life, affecting one's income-earning capacity and productivity, longevity, health, and cognitive ability. The deleterious effects of poor early childhood development outcomes can be long-lasting, affecting school attainment, employment, wages, criminality, and social integration of adults.The authors first take stock of early childhood development indicators in the region and explore access to early childhood development services for children of different backgrounds. They review recent evidence on the impact of

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , About the Authors; Contents; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Introduction; 1. An Analytical Framework for Early Childhood Development; Figure 1.1 Early Childhood Development: Analytical Framework; Table 1.1 Most Commonly Used Psychometric Tests in ECD Evaluations; 2. Overview of Early Childhood Development in Latin America and the Caribbean Today; Figure 2.1 Percentage of Children Less Than Five Years Old Who Are Poor, by Region, 2004; Figure 2.2 Poverty Rates Measured by GDP per Capita, 2007 , Figure 2.3 Percentage of the Nonpoor Population Aged 25 Years That Has Completed Secondary School, by Country and GDP per Capita, 2005-06Figure 2.4 Percentage of the Poor Population Aged 25 Years That Has Completed Secondary School, by Country and GDP per Capita, 2005-06; Figure 2.5 Percentage of Employed Women in the Informal Sector, by Country and GDP per Capita; Table 2.1 Comparative Nutrition Indicators for Developing Regions, 2005 (Percent); Figure 2.6 Prevalence of Underweight Children Aged 0 to 5 Years, by Country and GDP per Capita, 2002 , Figure 2.7 Distribution of Stunted Children Aged 0 to 5 Years, by Country and GDP per Capita, 2002Table 2.2 Infant and Child Mortality Rates by Country (per Thousand Live Births), 1960-2007; Figure 2.8 Infant Mortality Rates (Deaths per 1,000 Live Births) by Country and GDP per Capita, 2005; Figure 2.9 Percentage of Children Aged 0 to 6 Years Living in Poor Housing Conditions; Figure 2.10 Variance in Student Learning Outcomes Explained by Family Circumstances, 2000 PISA , Figure 2.11 Percentage of Children under Six Years in the Region with Access to Health Insurance, by Country and GDP Per CapitaFigure 2.12 Gross Enrollment in Preprimary Education Worldwide, 1999-2004; Figure 2.13 Gross Preprimary Education Enrollment by Country and GDP per Capita, 2004; Figure 2.14 Expected Years of Preprimary Education by Country, 2004; Table 2.3 Summary of Contextual and ECD Features in Latin America and the Caribbean, by Country (2005, 2006 or Latest Available Year); 3. Evidence on Early Childhood Interventions from around the World , Figure 3.1 Diverse Multisectoral Policies That Can Affect ECDBox 3.1 Interpreting Existing Studies of ECD Interventions; 4. Early Childhood Development Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean; Figure 4.1 Preprimary Education Expenditure as Share of Total Educational Expenditure, 2004 (Percent); Figure 4.2 Public Expenditure on Preprimary Education as a Share of GNP, 2004 (Percent); Figure 4.3 Public Investment in ECD as a Percentage of GDP in OECD Countries, 2007; Box 4.1 Curriculum of an Early Stimulation Program in Jamaica , Figure 4.4 Baseline Measurements for Roving Caregivers Program in St. Lucia , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-8213-7759-0

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (152 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-4648-0290-4

Series Statement: World Bank Studies

Content: Gabon is an upper middle income country, with reasonable spending on health, however, its health outcomes resemble that of a country that is low / low-middle income. Where has Gabon gone wrong, and what are the challenges that Gabon is facing in improving health outcomes? Gabon is an emerging economy, while it has achieved high economic development it still has not achieved living standards and health outcomes seen in upper middle income countries. Gabon faces low life expectancy (63 years), levels as seen in other low income countries. It is in an early stage of an epidemiological transition. Fertility rates remain high, and mortality rates are starting to decline. It has a high burden from communicable diseases. While HIV incidence and tuberculosis incidence has started to show positive results, Malaria incidence continues to remain high. There are cost-effective interventions available to prevent many of the communicable diseases the country faces. These interventions require multi-sector approaches, behavioral change programs, outreach services, community development, and a primary health care focus.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Executive Summary; Background; Positive Developments in Gabon's Path to Universal Health Coverage; Gabon in Perspective; Next Steps in Gabon's Path to Universal Health Coverage; What Could Work Better; Note; Chapter 1Background and Objectives; Economic Background; Figures; Figure 1.1 Gabon: Annual Growth Rate Based on GDP Per Capita, PPP; Tables; Table 1.1 Socioeconomic Indicators in African Countries, 2012; Population Dynamics and Demographic Changes; Figure 1.2 Demographic Profile, 2012-45 , Epidemiological ChangesTable 1.2 Disease Burden, Causes of Death in Percent, 2011; Health Service Infrastructure; Figure 1.3 The Structure and Levels of the (Public) Health System in Gabon; Table 1.3 Health Facilities by Type and Ownership; Figure 1.4 Hospital Bed Ratios Compared to Other Countries of Similar Income and Health Spending; Table 1.4 Hospital Bed Ratios Per 1,000 Population; Health Service Providers; Table 1.5 Public Sector Medical and Paramedical Staff by Type; Figure 1.5 Human Resource Population Ratio as Compared to Other Countries of Similar Income and Health Spending; Boxes , Box 1.1 The Case of Kango Medical Center in the West Health Region (Estuaire Province)Figure 1.6 Density of University-Level Staff at Primary Health Care Facilities Per 100 Population, 2012; Health Policy and Strategy; Historical Perspective on the Evolution of Health Financing Reform; Book Objectives; Notes; Chapter 2Health Outcomes, and Use of Health Services; Introduction; Key Findings; Health Outcomes; Figure 2.1 Health Outcomes Relative to Countries of Similar Income; Figure 2.2 Trend in Under-5 Mortality Rate and Maternal Mortality Ratio as Compared to MDG Targets , Figure 2.3 The Causes of Maternal Deaths by PercentFigure 2.4 Trends in Under-5 Mortality and Infant Mortality Rates; Figure 2.5 Causes of Mortality, in Percent, 2010; Health Service Use; Figure 2.6 Main Causes of Morbidity and Mortality, for All Ages, in Percent, 2005; Figure 2.7 Health Service Utilization by Health Regions and Departments, 2012; Figure 2.8 Child Birth Attended by a Skilled Birth Attendant, Percentage, 2012; Table 2.1 Health Related Indicators for Gabon; Figure 2.9 Barriers to Accessing Health Care Reported by Women (15-49 years), 2012 , Figure 2.10 Women Receiving All Necessary Exams during Prenatal Visits, Percentage, 2012Figure 2.11 Health Service Use and Quality of Care among Children Under 5 Years of Age with Fever, 2012; Figure 2.12 Health Facility Attendance by Consumption Quintile; Summary; Figure 2.13 Patient Perceptions and Reasons for Dissatisfaction with Public Facilities during Childbirth, 2000 and 2012; Notes; Chapter 3Health Financing; Introduction; Key Findings; Global Comparisons; Figure 3.1 Total Health Spending as Compared to Other Countries with Similar Income , Figure 3.2 Public Health Spending Compared to Countries with Similar Income , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4648-0289-0

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-322-22098-0

Language: English

UID:

Format: Online-Ressource (222 p.)

ISBN: 9780821377598 , 9780821381649 , 0821381644 , 0821377590

Series Statement: Latin American Development Forum

Content: Early childhood development outcomes play an important role throughout a person's life, affecting one's income-earning capacity and productivity, longevity, health, and cognitive ability. The deleterious effects of poor early childhood development outcomes can be long-lasting, affecting school attainment, employment, wages, criminality, and social integration of adults.The authors first take stock of early childhood development indicators in the region and explore access to early childhood development services for children of different backgrounds. They review recent evidence on the impact of

Note: Description based upon print version of record , About the Authors; Contents; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Introduction; 1. An Analytical Framework for Early Childhood Development; Figure 1.1 Early Childhood Development: Analytical Framework; Table 1.1 Most Commonly Used Psychometric Tests in ECD Evaluations; 2. Overview of Early Childhood Development in Latin America and the Caribbean Today; Figure 2.1 Percentage of Children Less Than Five Years Old Who Are Poor, by Region, 2004; Figure 2.2 Poverty Rates Measured by GDP per Capita, 2007 , Figure 2.3 Percentage of the Nonpoor Population Aged 25 Years That Has Completed Secondary School, by Country and GDP per Capita, 2005-06Figure 2.4 Percentage of the Poor Population Aged 25 Years That Has Completed Secondary School, by Country and GDP per Capita, 2005-06; Figure 2.5 Percentage of Employed Women in the Informal Sector, by Country and GDP per Capita; Table 2.1 Comparative Nutrition Indicators for Developing Regions, 2005 (Percent); Figure 2.6 Prevalence of Underweight Children Aged 0 to 5 Years, by Country and GDP per Capita, 2002 , Figure 2.7 Distribution of Stunted Children Aged 0 to 5 Years, by Country and GDP per Capita, 2002Table 2.2 Infant and Child Mortality Rates by Country (per Thousand Live Births), 1960-2007; Figure 2.8 Infant Mortality Rates (Deaths per 1,000 Live Births) by Country and GDP per Capita, 2005; Figure 2.9 Percentage of Children Aged 0 to 6 Years Living in Poor Housing Conditions; Figure 2.10 Variance in Student Learning Outcomes Explained by Family Circumstances, 2000 PISA , Figure 2.11 Percentage of Children under Six Years in the Region with Access to Health Insurance, by Country and GDP Per CapitaFigure 2.12 Gross Enrollment in Preprimary Education Worldwide, 1999-2004; Figure 2.13 Gross Preprimary Education Enrollment by Country and GDP per Capita, 2004; Figure 2.14 Expected Years of Preprimary Education by Country, 2004; Table 2.3 Summary of Contextual and ECD Features in Latin America and the Caribbean, by Country (2005, 2006 or Latest Available Year); 3. Evidence on Early Childhood Interventions from around the World , Figure 3.1 Diverse Multisectoral Policies That Can Affect ECDBox 3.1 Interpreting Existing Studies of ECD Interventions; 4. Early Childhood Development Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean; Figure 4.1 Preprimary Education Expenditure as Share of Total Educational Expenditure, 2004 (Percent); Figure 4.2 Public Expenditure on Preprimary Education as a Share of GNP, 2004 (Percent); Figure 4.3 Public Investment in ECD as a Percentage of GDP in OECD Countries, 2007; Box 4.1 Curriculum of an Early Stimulation Program in Jamaica , Figure 4.4 Baseline Measurements for Roving Caregivers Program in St. Lucia , Machine generated contents note: 1.An Analytical Framework for Early Childhood Development2.Overview of Early Childhood Development in Latin America and the Caribbean Today -- 3.Evidence on Early Childhood Interventions from Around the World -- 4.Early Childhood Development Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean -- 5.Increasing Early Childhood Development Program Coverage in the Region: The Need for Comprehensive Approaches -- 6.Conclusion.

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780821381649

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780821377598

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe The Promise of Early Childhood Development in Latin America

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Vegas, Emiliana The promise of early childhood development in Latin America and the Caribbean Washington, DC : World Bank, 2010 ISBN 9780821377598

Additional Edition: ISBN 0821377590

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780821381649

Additional Edition: ISBN 0821381644

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext