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Umfang: 1 online resource (381 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 3-8394-7046-3

Serie: Science Studies

Inhalt: Interventionswissenschaft hat das Potential, nachhaltige Veränderungen zu ermöglichen. Roland J. Schuster gibt einen umfassenden Einblick in Theorie, Praxis und Entstehungsgeschichte dieser besonderen Form der Wissenschaft. Aus trans- und interdisziplinärer Sicht widmet der Band sich der Bedeutung von Wissen und Bewusstsein in Bezug auf die menschliche Wahrnehmung und Kommunikation. Sieben Forschungsbeispiele zeigen auf, wie Veranstaltungsdesign, didaktische Interventionen oder Gruppenreflexionen neue Wege öffnen können - für ein Mehr an Kreativität in Praxis, Forschung und Lehre.

Anmerkung: Frontmatter -- , Inhalt -- , Einleitung -- , Theoretische Fundierung von Interventionswissenschaft -- , 1 Interventionswissenschaft in a Nutshell -- , 1.1 Historische Entwicklung der Interventionswissenschaft -- , 1.2 Definitorische Skizze der Interventionswissenschaft -- , 1.3 Zum Unterschied von Interventionswissenschaft und Interventionsforschung -- , 1.4 Bemerkungen zu Umsetzung, Dokumentation und Verortung von Interventionswissenschaft und -forschung -- , 1.5 Qualität im Kontext von Wissenschaft und Interventionswissenschaft -- , 1.6 Betrachtungen zu menschlicher Wahrnehmung und Wissenschaft -- , 1.7 Wissenschaft als Basis für das Generieren von Hypothesen im Kontext von Interventionsforschung -- , 1.8 Praxis als Basis für das Generieren von Hypothesen im Kontext von Interventionsforschung -- , 1.9 Zum persönlichen Anteil des Autors im Kontext von Interventionswissenschaft und Interventionsforschung -- , 1.10 Aspekte der Verkörperung im Kontext von Kommunikation -- , 2 Gruppe, Gemeinschaft, Individuum, Gesellschaft -- , 2.1 Betrachtung der historischen Entwicklung der Begriffsverwendung und -beziehung -- , 2.2 Unterschiede der Kommunikation bei Individuen, Gruppen, hierarchischer Organisation und Gesellschaft -- , 2.3 Grundsätzliche Probleme von Begriffsbildung und der Setzung von Grenzen -- , 2.4 Gezieltes Anstreben von Bewusstheit im Rahmen von Organisationsprozessen -- , 3 Hierarchie und (Projekt-)Gruppe -- , 3.1 Die Organisationsform Hierarchie -- , 3.2 Projektmanagement -- , 3.3 Dialektik der Erweiterung von hierarchischer Organisation durch Projektmanagement -- , 3.4 Diskussion -- , 4 Integration von Wissensgebieten veranschaulicht am Beispiel der Integration des rangdynamischen Modells von Raoul Schindler -- , 4.1 Zum rangdynamischen Modell von Raoul Schindler -- , 4.2 Zum Unterschied zwischen Gruppe, Arbeitsgruppe und Organisation -- , 4.3 Zur Optimierung von Arbeitsgruppen im Kontext von Organisationen -- , 4.4 Zusammenfassung -- , 5 Integration von Wissensgebieten veranschaulicht an einer Reflexion zum Begriff Kultur -- , 5.1 Einleitung -- , 5.2 Eine Annäherung aus geisteswissenschaftlicher Perspektive -- , 5.3 Eine Annäherung aus der Perspektive von Organisationswissenschaftler:innen -- , 5.4 Eine Annäherung aus der Perspektive der Projektmanager:innen -- , 6 Integration von Wissensgebieten veranschaulicht am Beispiel der Methode der psychoanalytischen Organisationsbeobachtung -- , 6.1 Überblick -- , 6.2 Der Prozess menschlicher Wahrnehmung -- , 6.3 Menschliche Kommunikation in Bezug zum Prozess menschlicher Wahrnehmung -- , 6.4 Die Dimension Zeit in Bezug auf den datenverarbeitenden menschlichen Organismus -- , 6.5 Der Mensch als Messinstrument für menschliche Datenverarbeitung -- , 6.6 Die Methode der psychoanalytischen Organisationsbeobachtung und deren Rolle in Bezug zu menschlichen Denkprozessen in Organisationen -- , 6.7 Anwendung der Methode der psychoanalytischen Organisationsbeobachtung -- , 6.8 Diskussion -- , 7 Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit veranschaulicht am Beispiel der Reflexion der (Harvard-)Case-Methode aus gruppendynamischer Perspektive1 -- , 7.1 Abstract -- , 7.2 Overview of the (Harvard) case method and its teaching approach (Author: Jürgen Radel) -- , 7.3 The (Harvard) case method from a group dynamics perspective -- , 7.4 Internal (individual) authority and its relationship to the True Self, EQ, and teaching -- , 7.5 Group dynamics (GD) in the context of teaching -- , 7.6 The experience-centered teaching approach ( -- , 7.7 Discussion (Authors: Jürgen Radel & Roland J. Schuster) -- , Beispiele aus der Praxis der Interventionswissenschaft -- , Einleitung -- , 8 Zum Design des 3. PM-Symposiums der FH des BFI Wien Interventionswissenschaftliche Aspekte in Bezug auf Gestaltung, Ablauf und Interpretation einer Großveranstaltung -- , 8.1 Grundlegendes zum PM-Symposium aus der Perspektive der Interventionswissenschaft -- , 8.2 Exkurs zu Hintergrundtheorien aus dem Bereich der Psychoanalyse -- , 8.3 Das Design des PM-Symposiums als Intervention -- , 8.4 Zur Planung und Vorbereitung des PM-Symposiums -- , 8.5 Das Design des PM-Symposiums und Überlegungen zum Container-Contained-Prozess -- , 8.6 Überlegungen zur Struktur des PM-Symposiums (Raum- und Zeitdimension) -- , 8.7 Resümee zum PM-Symposium 2012 -- , 8.8 Ausblick -- , 9 On the teaching of leadership intervention science in the action-theoretical background and design of a lecture on leadership -- , 9.1 Aims, target groups, and general didactical idea of the paper -- , 9.2 A psychodynamic view of leadership -- , 9.3 A psychodynamic perspective on the »Jonah« film sequence -- , 9.4 Learning by experience – an approach based on intervention science -- , 9.5 Conclusion -- , 9.6 Appendix (Cast of the Movie »Master and Commander« (Weir 2003)) -- , 10 Fallstudie: Optimierung des Arbeitsprozesses einer Arbeitsgruppe (Interventionswissenschaft in Aktion) -- , 10.1 Ziel der Interventionsforschung und Beschreibung der Forschungssituation -- , 10.2 Grundlegendes zur Organisation -- , 10.3 Fallstudie: Detaildarstellung der Optimierung des Arbeitsprozesses der AG anhand einer konkreten Intervention -- , 10.4 Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse innerhalb der Arbeitsgruppe (lokal) -- , 10.5 Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse in Bezug auf die Interventionswissenschaft (global) -- , 11 Etablierung einer Gruppenreflexion -- , 11.1 Einleitung -- , 11.2 Theoretische Aspekte und grundlegende Voraussetzungen der Gruppenreflexion -- , 11.3 Chronologische Entwicklung des Kommunikationsinstruments Gruppenreflexion -- , 11.4 Zur interventionswissenschaftlichen Perspektive der Gruppenreflexion -- , 11.5 Darlegung und Interpretation der Beobachtung von Preßl (Autor: Karl Preßl) -- , 11.6 Die Methode der psychodynamischen Organisationsbeobachtung und ihre Relevanz in der Lehrpraxis für Projektmanager:innen (Autorin: Ina Pircher) -- , 11.7 Zusammenfassende Bemerkungen -- , 12 Lehren, Lernen und Emotion -- , 12.1 Emotion: Ausloten von Begriffsbestimmung und -verwendung -- , 12.2 Der Begriff Emotion in Bezug auf die dargelegte praktische Anwendung -- , 12.3 Der politische Aspekt der dargelegten praktischen Anwendung -- , 12.4 Die praktische Anwendung des Faktors Emotion -- , 12.5 Diskussion -- , 13 Learning by experience; emotions as border guards and signposts regarding unknown territory -- , 13.1 Introduction -- , 13.2 The intervention science perspective -- , 13.3 The connection between experience, consciousness, feelings, emotions, and thinking -- , 13.4 Exploring the boundary of unknown territory -- , 13.5 Scope of action of sequences (1–3) -- , 13.6 Discussion -- , 14 Praxis, Forschung und Lehre als co-creativer Prozess -- , 14.1 Interventionswissenschaftliche Perspektive auf Didaktik im Allgemeinen -- , 14.2 Interventionswissenschaftliche Perspektive auf Didaktik im konkreten Fall -- , 14.3 Co-creative Planung der Lehrveranstaltung und deren Beforschung -- , 14.4 Erfahrungen im Forschungsfeld (Autorin: Jana Ochsenreither) -- , 14.5 Diskussion -- , Fazit -- , Verzeichnis Zusatzmaterial -- , Literaturverzeichnis -- , Abbildungsverzeichnis -- , Gastautor:innen in alphabetischer Reihung nach Nachnamen -- , Index

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 3-8376-7046-5

Sprache: Deutsch

Fachgebiete: Allgemeines , Soziologie

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books.

DOI: 10.1515/9783839470466

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Umfang: lvi, 446 pages : , illustrations ; , 23 cm.

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-280-08497-9 , 9786610084975 , 1-4175-0151-0

Serie: World Bank e-Library.

Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record. , Contents; Foreword; Preface and Acknowledgments; Acronyms and Abbreviations; Overview: Slovenia's Threefold Transition; Part I The Road toward Political and Economic Independence; Chapter 1 The Political Reasons for the Dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia; Chapter 2 Socialism and the Disintegration of SFR Yugoslavia; Chapter 3 Independence and Integration into the International Community: A Window of Opportunity; Chapter 4 Institutional Setting for the New Independent State; Chapter 5 Transition to a National and a Market Economy: A Gradualist Approach; Chapter 6 Establishing Monetary Sovereignty , Chapter 7 Succession Issues in Allocating the External Debt of SFR Yugoslavia and Achieving Slovenia's Financial Independence Part II Socioeconomic Transformation- The Slovenian Way; Chapter 8 Macroeconomic Stabilization and Sustainable Growth; Chapter 9 Trade Policy in the Transition Process; Chapter 10 Monetary System and Monetary Policy; Chapter 11 Exchange Rate Policy and Management of Capital Flows; Chapter 12 Fiscal Policy and Public Finance Reforms; Chapter 13 Building an Institutional Framework for a Full-Fledged Market Economy , Chapter 14 Privatization, Restructuring, and Corporate Governance of the Enterprise SectorChapter 15 Enterprise Restructuring in the First Decade of Independence; Chapter 16 The Banking Sector; Chapter 17 Capital Market Development; Chapter 18 Labor Market Developments in the 1990's; Chapter 19 Social Sector Developments; Chapter 20 Reentering the Markets of the Former Yugoslavia; Part III The Quest for EU Membership; Chapter 21 EU Membership: Rationale, Costs, and Benefits; Chapter 22 Slovenia's Road to Membership in the European Union , Chapter 23 Size Matters in the European Union: Searching for Balance between Formal and Actual Equality Chapter 24 Political Economy of Slovenia's Transition; About the Editors; Contributors; Index; Figures; Figure 8.1 Real GDP in EU Accession Countries; Figure 8.2 Inflation Rate, 1987-96; Figure 8.3 Inflation Rate, 1997-2003; Figure 8.4 Inflation in EU Accession Countries, 2002; Figure 8.5 Current Account Balance; Figure 8.6 Inward Foreign Direct Investment; Figure 8.7 External Debt in EU Accession Countries, 2002; Figure 8.8 Unemployment Rate; Figure 8.9 General Government Fiscal Balance , Figure 8.10 Fiscal Balance in Selected EU Accession Countries and the European Union, 2002 Figure 8.11 EU Accession Countries and Maastricht Parameters, 2002; Figure 10.1 Structural Position of the Money Market and Net Foreign Currency Assets of the Central Bank; Figure 10.2 Structural Position of the Money Market, Required Reserves, and Net Liquidity Supply via Monetary Policy Instruments; Figure 10.3 Relationship of Change in Central Bank Bills Outstanding to Necessary Purchases or Sales of Foreign Exchange; Figure 11.1 Monetization on the Retail Foreign Exchange Market , Figure 11.2 Base Money and Central Bank Credits , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-8213-5718-2

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Aufsatzsammlung

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URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/0-8213-5718-2

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Umfang: xxviii, 287 pages : , illustrations ; , 24 cm.

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-280-08563-0 , 9786610085637 , 1-4175-4493-7

Serie: World Bank e-Library.

Anmerkung: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Contributors -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 -- A Framework for Public Pension Fund Management -- The Growth of Public Sector Pension Funds -- Governance of Public Pension Schemes -- Public Sector Governance: General Issues -- Laying a Foundation for Public Pension Scheme Governance -- A Governance Checklist -- Accountability of Public Sector Pension Schemes -- Laying a Foundation for Public Pension Scheme Accountability -- An Accountability Checklist -- Investment Policies -- Laying a Foundation for Public Pension Scheme Investment Policy and Processes -- An Investment Policy Checklist -- Conclusion -- References -- Annex 1.A: ABP Investment Policy Statement -- Introduction -- I. The Investment process -- II. Investment plans -- III. Implementation of the investment plan -- IV. Social responsibility -- V. The role of the shareholder ("corporate governance") -- VI. Amendment of this Code -- Annex 1.B: Index of Governance Framework Document- Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) -- 1. Foundations -- 2. Key Roles and Relationships -- 3. Internal Accountability Framework -- 4. External Accountability Framework -- 5. Consequences of Failure to Meet Responsibilities -- Appendix A-Statutory Responsibilities of Board Members -- Appendix B-Matrix of Delegations -- Notes -- Chapter 2 -- Governance of Public Pension Funds:Lessons from Corporate Governance and International Evidence -- Agency Theory and Corporate Governance -- Agency Problems: Separation of Ownership and Control and Moral Hazard Problems -- Resolving Problems -- Agency Problems in Public Pension Plans -- Who Are Public Pension Fund Stakeholders? -- Potential Agency Problems -- Political Involvement: Government Restrictions and Social Mandates -- The Effects on Fund Performance -- Solving Agency Problems -- Separation of Ownership and Control. , Ownership and Control in Private Pensions -- Ownership and Control in Public Pension Funds -- Implications for Governance -- External Controls -- Implications for the Governing Body of Public Pension Plans -- Board Composition -- Nomination and Termination -- Accountability -- Performance Measures -- Roles of the Board -- Standards of Behavior -- Information and Transparency -- Conclusion -- References -- Notes -- Chapter 3 -- Transparency and Accountability of Public Pension Funds -- Relevance -- Key Components -- The Key Components -- Focus of Liability -- Good Governance of the Governing Body -- Effective Accounts and Audit -- Effective Custody -- Public Transparency and Reporting -- Independent Oversight -- Good Models: What They Do -- Good Models -- Canada Pension Plan -- Norwegian Government Petroleum Fund -- California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS) -- Irish National Pensions Reserve Fund -- Models with More to Do -- Southeast Asia Region -- Central Provident Fund in Singapore -- Japan -- Conclusion -- Annex 3.A: The Norwegian Petroleum Fund-Key Figures, 2002 -- References -- Notes -- Chapter 4 -- The Canadian Experience on Governance, Accountabilityand Investment -- Background -- Governance -- Integrity -- Investment Policy -- Accountability -- Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- Chapter 5 -- Public Pension Funds Accountability: The Case of Ireland -- Background to the Irish Fund -- Present Pension Arrangements -- Recommendation for Fund -- Fund Establishment -- National Pensions Reserve Fund Act, 2000 -- Progress of the Fund since Establishment -- Objective and Mission Statement -- Decision on Investment Strategy and Portfolio Construction -- Appointment of Service Providers -- Decision on Market Entry Strategy -- Performance -- Accountability: Requirements and Practice -- Responsible Party. , Accountability Requirements in the Legislation -- Accounts and Audits -- Report and Information to the Minister -- Appearance before the Committee of Public Accounts -- Other Requirements for Accountability -- Other Ways of Accounting to the Public -- Meeting the Requirements in Practice -- Public Reaction -- Conclusion -- Annex 5.A: Portfolio Construction -- Annex 5.B: Market Entry Strategy-"Averaging In" -- Annex 5.C: Progress -- Annex 5.D: The National Pensions Reserve Fund-Section 12 Guidelines -- Annex 5.E: National Pensions Reserve Act, 2000 -- Part 4: Accountability and Reporting -- Notes -- Chapter 6 -- Key Differences in Public Pension Fund Management between Ireland and Poland -- Background -- Funds' Main Objectives and Funding -- Governance -- Investment Policy -- Public Awareness -- Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- Chapter 7 -- Governance of Public Pension Funds: New Zealand Superannuation Fund -- Context -- New Zealand Superannuation Policy -- Implications for Crown Finances -- Policy Objective -- Smoothing Crown Finances -- Other Issues -- Features of Policy Design -- "A clearly defined portfolio of Crown financial resources…" -- "… managed by an independent governing body…" -- "…with explicit commercial investment objectives…" -- "…and clear accountability." -- Implementation Experience -- Development and Passage of Legislation -- Board Appointment -- Fund Establishment -- Capital Contributions -- Other Crown Financial Portfolios -- Circumstances of the Main Entities -- Conclusion -- References -- Notes -- Chapter 8 -- Investment Policies, Processes and Problems in U.S. Public Sector Pension Plans: Some Observations and Solutions from a Practitioner -- Part I: Background Information -- Distinguishing Public Sector Pension Plans from Other Plans -- Importance of U.S. Public Sector Pension Plans. , Part II: Toward Better-Informed Investment Policy Setting -- Investment Policies Involve Two Big Risk-Return Decisions -- Generic AA Decision Process -- Uncertain Parameters and the "Perils of Optimization" -- Differential Levels of Parametric Uncertainty -- Two-stage AA Recognizes Differential Parametric Uncertainty -- Clarifying Expected Impact on Fund Performance -- End Result: Higher-Confidence Policy Portfolios -- Part III: Poor Governance Structures and Procedures Impede Successful Implementation of Investment Policies -- Poor Fund Governance: Costs, Descriptions, and Prescriptions -- Seven Hurdles to Better Fund Governance -- Four Organizational Hurdles -- Three Behavioral Hurdles -- Part IV: Trustee-Focused Report for Measuring and Monitoring Fund Performance -- Conclusions -- References -- Notes -- Chapter 9 -- The Norwegian Petroleum Fund -- Background -- Governance -- Accountability -- Investment Policy -- Active Management -- Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- Chapter 10 -- Governance and Investment of Provident and Pension Funds: The Cases of Singapore and India -- The Case of Singapore -- What Needs To Be Done? -- The Case of India -- Governance and Investment Policies and Issues -- EPFO Investment Policies and Performance -- EPFO's Rate of Return -- Governance Issues -- Civil Service Pensions -- Conclusion -- References -- Notes -- Chapter 11 -- Supervision of a Public Pension Fund: Experience and Challenges in Kenya -- Background -- The Retirement Benefit Act -- The National Social Security Fund -- Main Issues -- Diagnosis -- Addressing the Issues -- Implementation Issues -- Lessons from the Kenyan Experience -- Reform Agenda -- Tables -- Table 1.1: Implicit Public Pension Debt of Low- and Middle-Income Countries -- Table 1.2: Regional Distribution of Public Pension Funds -- Table 2.1: Agency Relationship Characteristics. , Table 2.2: Allocation of Assets for 26 Pension Funds (% of Portfolio) -- Table 2.3: Board Composition (fraction of board) -- Table 5.1: Benchmarks -- Table 7.1: Timeline of Events -- Table 7.2: Crown Financial Assets and Liabilities (NZ millions) -- Table 8.1: Sources of Assets for U.S. Retirement System, 2001 -- Table 8.2: Ten Largest U.S. Employee Pension Funds, 2001 (as of September 30, 2001) -- Table 10.1: CPF Contribution Rates (applicable as of January 1, 2004) -- Table 10.2: Various Schemes Under Singapore's CPF System -- Table 10.3: Sensitivity of Results to Potential Policy Changes -- Table 10.4a: India-Investment Guidelines of the EPFO -- Table 10.4b: India-Investment Guidelines of the IRDA -- Table 10.5: Rates of Contribution for EPFO Schemes, 2001 -- Figures -- Figure 1.1: Implicit Public Pension Debt in Selected OECD Countries, 1994 -- Figure 2.1: Investment Restrictions (percentage of funds surveyed) -- Figure 2.2: Investment Mandates (percentage of funds surveyed) -- Figure 7.1: Bounds for Indexation of the NZS Rate -- Figure 7.2: New Zealand Population Age Structure -- Figure 7.3: Total Fertility Rate -- Figure 7.4: Years of Eligibility for New Zealand Superannuation -- Figure 7.5: New Zealand Superannuation as a Percentage of GDP -- Figure 7.6: Smoothing the Cost of New Zealand Superannuation -- Figure 8.1: Generic Asset Allocation Decision Process -- Figure 8.2: Generic Two-Stage Asset Allocation Decision Process -- Figure 8.3: Decide Asset Allocation in Two Stages -- Figure 8.4: Two-Stage Asset Allocation Clarifies Project Impact of Perormance Enhancing Strategies -- Figure 8.5: Three-Panel Trustee-Friendly Performance Report -- Figure 9.1: Production of Petroleum, Mill Sm3 Oil Equivalent -- Figure 9.2: Growth of the Petroleum Fund, 1996-2002. , Figure 9.3: Net Cash Flow from the Petroleum Sector and Pension Expenditures (in percent of GDP). , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-8213-5998-3

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift

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URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/0-8213-5998-3

UID:

Umfang: xvi, 206 pages : , illustrations ; , 28 cm.

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-280-08646-7 , 9786610086467 , 0-585-48188-1

Serie: Technical tool series ; no. 5

Anmerkung: "September 2003." , Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- PART I: OVERVIEW -- Chapter 1 Poverty Assessment of Microfinance Institutions -- Intended users -- Manual layout -- Study parameters and choice of an indicator-based methodology -- Methodological steps -- Multiple dimensions of poverty and their implications -- Development of a generic questionnaire -- Selection criteria for indicators -- Purpose of field testing -- Indicators chosen for questionnaire -- Methodology overview -- Using principal component analysis to develop the poverty index -- Using the poverty index -- Relative versus absolute poverty -- Interpreting results -- Selected results of test case studies -- Overall comparative results -- Summary -- PART II: PLANNING AND ORGANIZING THE ASSESSMENT -- Chapter 2 Planning and Organizing the Assessment -- Guidelines for contracting the assessment -- Responsibilities of the researcher -- Sequencing project payments -- Determining the required time frame -- Allocating the poverty assessment budget -- Personnel, logisitical, and performance issues affecting field implementation -- PART III: COLLECTING SURVEY DATA -- Chapter 3 Developing the Sample Design -- Step 1: Define the population and sampling unit -- Household as the basic sampling unit -- Determining a feasible survey area -- Step 2: Construct the MFI-based sampling frame -- Cluster sampling for new MFI clients -- Determining required clustering stages -- Step 3: Determine appropriate sample size -- Step 4: Distribute the samples proportionally -- Probability-proportionate-to-size sampling (PPS) -- Equal-proportion sampling (EPS) -- EPS method applied to client groups -- Step 5: Select the actual sample -- Random sampling within clusters -- Random sampling of nonclient households: The random walk -- Describing each survey site. , Chapter 4 Adapting the Poverty Assessment Questionnaire to the Local Setting -- Identifying local definitions of poverty -- Introducing the study and screening households -- How to introduce the study -- Screening households for applicability -- Type of respondent and preferred interview venue -- The survey form -- Section A: Documenting households through identification information -- Section B: Family structure -- Section C: Food-related indicators -- Section D: Dwelling-related indicators -- Section E: Other asset-based indicators -- Customizing the questionnaire -- Guidelines for writing well-worded questions -- Pre-coding the questionnaire -- Chapter 5 Training the Field Survey Team -- Stage 1: Summarize the background, purpose, and metholodogy of the survey -- Discuss the purpose of the study -- Discuss the sampling frame used for identifying households -- Present the field implementation plan -- Define role of the interviewer and review principles of good interviewing -- Discuss major sources of error in the field and how to correct for these errors -- Stage 2: Understand content of the questionnaire -- Stage 3: Standardize translation of questionnaire into local language(s) -- Stage 4: Practice interviewing in local language(s) -- Stage 5: Pretest the questionnaire -- PART IV: ANALYZING THE DATA -- Chapter 6 Managing the Survey Data -- Data file structures and database design -- Structuring data files -- Linking files within a relational database -- General organization of SPSS -- Main menu bar -- SPSS views -- Data-entry methods for survey data -- Preparation of data-entry forms and file documentation -- Entering the data -- Making electronic backups -- Cleaning the data -- Data cleaning procedures -- Correcting data errors -- Using SPSS procedures to clean data -- Locating cases with data errors -- Frequencies -- Descriptives -- Box plots. , Suggested data-cleaning routines -- Household data file (F1) -- Adult data file (F2) -- Child data file (F3) -- Asset data file (F4) -- Chapter 7 Working with Data in SPSS -- Methods for aggregating data to generate new variables in SPSS -- SPSS aggregate data function -- Aggregating old variables to generate new variables -- Saving output as new files -- Merging files -- Transforming variables to recode data -- Data procedures for computing new variables -- Summary -- Chapter 8 Conducting Descriptive Data Analysis -- Testing for significant differences between client and nonclient households -- Cross tabulation and the chi-square test -- How cross tabulation is applied -- Cross tabulation in SPSS -- Interpreting a cross-tabulation table -- Conducting specific analysis using cross tabluations -- The t-test on difference between means -- How the t-test is applied -- SPSS procedure for running a t-test of means -- Conducting specific analysis using the t-test of means -- Summary -- Chapter 9 Developing a Poverty Index -- Statistical procedures for filtering poverty indicators -- Linear correlation coefficient -- Using SPSS to measure linear correlation -- Interpreting an SPSS correlation table -- Selecting variables to test for correlation -- Using principal component analysis to estimate a poverty index -- Statistical tools used in creating a poverty index -- Step 1: Select a screened group of indicators -- Step 2: Run a test model and interpret the results -- Step 3: Revising the model until results meet performance requirements -- Step 4: Saving component scores as a poverty index variable -- Properties of the poverty index variable -- Checking index results -- Using relative poverty terciles to interpret the poverty index -- Defining the poor within the local population -- SPSS procedures for creating poverty terciles. , Assessing MFI poverty outreach by poverty groupings -- PART V: INTERPRETING THE RESULTS -- Chapter 10 Interpreting the Results of a Poverty Assessment -- Comparing results at the local, area, and national levels -- Comparing poverty at the local level -- Comparing poverty of the MFI operational area to national poverty levels -- Comparing poverty at the national level -- Comparing assessment results against the mission and objectives of an MFI -- Reporting the findings -- Appendix 1 Alternative Approaches to Assessing Poverty -- Detailed household expenditure survey -- Rapid appraisal and participatory appraisal -- Indicator-based method -- Appendix 2 List of Poverty Indicators and their Rankings -- Ranking of poverty indicators -- Indicator group 1: Means to achieve welfare -- Indicator group 2: Basic needs -- Indicator group 3: Other aspects of welfare -- Appendix 3 Recommended Questionnaire -- Section A: Household indentification -- Section B: Family structure -- Section C: Food-related indicators -- Section D: Dwelling-related indicators -- Section E: Other asset-based indicators -- Appendix 4 UNDP Human Development Index (HDI), 2000 -- High human development -- Medium human development -- Low human development -- All developing countries -- Appendix 5 Data Template File Information -- File information: F1householdtemplate.sav -- File information: F2adulttemplate.sav -- File information: F3childtemplate.sav -- File information: F4assetstemplate.sav -- Glossary of Statistical Terms -- Bibliography -- Boxes -- Box 2.1 Donor checklist -- Box 2.2 Field implementation in Kenyan case study -- Box 3.1 Determining the survey area -- Box 3.2 Steps used in cluster sampling -- Box 3.3 Example of PPS sampling -- Box 3.4 The random walk -- Box 3.5 Summary of steps for developing sample survey design -- Box 4.1 Well-designed survey questions. , Box 5.1 Interviewer reference sheet -- Box 9.1 Ordinal- and ratio-scaled indicator variables -- Box 10.1 Deviations from an even tercile distribution -- Box 10.2 Using secondary data in a poverty assessment -- Box 10.3 Area-based assessment ratio -- Box 10.4 Developing a comparative ratio using the UNDP Human Development Index (HDI) -- Box 10.5 Poverty assessment results in context -- Box 10.6 Workshop format: Presentation of poverty assessment results -- Figures -- Figure 1.1 Indicators and underlying components -- Figure 1.2 Histogram of a standardized poverty index (MFI B) -- Figure 1.3 Constructing poverty groups -- Figure 1.4 MFI A: Distribution of client and nonclient households across poverty groups -- Figure 1.5 MFI B: Distribution of client and nonclient households across poverty groups -- Figure 1.6 MFI C: Distribution of client and nonclient households across poverty groups -- Figure 1.7 MFI D: Distribution of client and nonclient households across poverty groups -- Figure 2.1 Time allocation by activity phase -- Figure 2.2 Budgeting against a schedule -- Figure 3.1 Common MFI geographic units -- Figure 3.2 Example of cluster sampling based on geographic regions of an MFI -- Figure 3.3 Decision process for determining survey clusters -- Figure 3.4 Quartiles of a survey area -- Figure 6.1 Relational file structure within SPSS database -- Figure 6.2 SPSS main menu ("Data View" window) -- Figure 6.3 SPSS "Variable View" window -- Figure 6.4 SPSS "Output View" window -- Figure 6.5 SPSS "Value Labels" dialogue box -- Figure 6.6 SPSS "Select Cases" dialogue box -- Figure 6.7 SPSS "Select Cases: If" dialogue box -- Figure 6.8 SPSS "Frequencies" dialogue box -- Figure 6.9 Example of SPSS graph showing distribution of responses by amount of expenditure on clothing and footwear. , Figure 6.10 Sample of SPSS box plot: Data collected on household family size. , Also available online. , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-8213-5675-5

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-8213-5674-7

Sprache: Englisch

URL: Volltext

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UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (369 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9783030258382

Serie: European Studies of Population Series ; v.21

Anmerkung: Divorce in Europe -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Divorce Research in Europe -- 1.2 This Volume -- 1.3 What Will the Future Bring? -- References -- Part I: On Divorce Trends -- Chapter 2: The Conceptual and Empirical Challenges of Estimating Trends in Union Stability: Have Unions Become More Stable in Britain? -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Conceptual Switch from Marital to Union Stability -- 2.3 Estimating Trends in Union Stability -- 2.3.1 Administrative Data -- 2.3.2 Survey Data -- 2.3.3 This Study -- 2.4 Data and Method -- 2.5 Results -- 2.5.1 Comparing Retrospective and Prospective Reports Using a Consistent Sample -- 2.5.2 Re-call Bias -- 2.5.3 Attrition -- 2.5.4 Comparing Retrospective and Prospective Reports of Trends in Union Stability -- 2.6 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 3: On Increasing Divorce Risks -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 How to Explain Historical Trends in Divorce Rates -- 3.2.1 A Micro Model of Marital Instability -- 3.2.2 Hypotheses -- 3.2.3 Two Types of Social Change: Cultural and Socio-Structural Change -- 3.3 Empirical Findings -- 3.3.1 Explanation of Cohort and Period Effects -- 3.3.2 Divorce Risks -- 3.3.2.1 Marital Quality and Its Predictors -- 3.3.2.2 The Hypothesis of Decreasing Barriers -- 3.3.2.3 The Opportunity Hypothesis -- 3.3.2.4 The Hypothesis of the Increasing Legitimization of Separation -- 3.4 Discussion -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 4: Divorce Trends in Seven Countries Over the Long Transition from State Socialism: 1981-2004 -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Background -- 4.3 Divorce Legislation and Trends -- 4.4 Theoretical Links Between the Transition Context and Divorce -- 4.5 Analysis -- 4.6 Results -- 4.6.1 The Risk of Divorce Over Marital Duration and Stages of the Long Transition -- 4.6.2 Event History Regression of Divorce Over the Long Transition. , 4.7 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Divorce Risks -- Chapter 5: The Negative Female Educational Gradient of Union Dissolution: Towards an Explanation in Six European Countries -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Theoretical Framework -- 5.2.1 Attractions to Stay Together -- 5.2.1.1 Affectional Rewards -- 5.2.1.2 Material Rewards -- 5.2.1.3 Symbolic Rewards -- 5.2.2 Barriers to Leave the Relationship -- 5.2.2.1 Affectional Costs -- 5.2.2.2 Material Costs -- 5.2.2.3 Symbolic Costs -- 5.2.3 General Hypotheses on Attractions and Barriers -- 5.2.4 The Observed Context -- 5.3 Data, Operationalization, and Method -- 5.4 Results -- 5.4.1 Khb-Mediation Analyses: Pooled Country Model -- 5.4.1.1 Attractions -- 5.4.2 Barriers -- 5.4.3 The Extensive Model -- 5.4.4 The Parsimonious Model -- 5.4.5 Separate Country Models: Context Dependent Educational Differences -- 5.5 Conclusion and Discussion -- Appendices -- References -- Chapter 6: The More the Merrier? The Effect of Children on Divorce in a Pronatalist Society -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Pronatalism in Israeli Society -- 6.3 The Relation Between Children and Divorce -- 6.4 Relations Between Socioeconomic Position, Ethnicity, Children and Divorce -- 6.5 Data and Methods -- 6.6 Findings -- 6.7 Discussion -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Descriptive Statistics -- Appendix B: Results (Odds Ratios) from Regression, Women, 2003-2015 (Dependent Variable: Divorced) -- References -- Part III: Consequences of Divorce for Ex-partners -- Chapter 7: Gray Divorce and Social and Emotional Loneliness -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Background -- 7.2.1 Loneliness -- 7.2.2 Divorce and Loneliness -- 7.2.3 Gender Differences -- 7.3 Methodology -- 7.3.1 Data -- 7.3.2 Independent Variables -- 7.3.3 Dependent Variables -- 7.3.3.1 Covariates -- 7.4 Analytic Approach -- 7.4.1 Results -- 7.5 Discussion -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 8: Does Divorce Penalize Elderly Fathers in Receiving Help from Their Children? Evidence from Russia -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Theoretical Framework -- 8.3 Data and Methods -- 8.4 Results -- 8.5 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 9: Coping Strategies of Migrant Ex-partners. Does Work, Family, or a New Partner Help You Through the Dark Times? -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Background -- 9.2.1 Financial Consequences and Relationship Dissolution -- 9.2.2 Coping Strategies After a Break-Up -- 9.2.3 Economic Consequences and Coping Strategies Among Ethnic Minorities -- 9.3 Data & -- Methods -- 9.3.1 Data -- 9.3.2 Measurements -- 9.3.3 Analytical Strategy -- 9.4 Results -- 9.4.1 Descriptive -- 9.4.2 Multivariate -- 9.5 Discussion -- 9.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Multi-dimensional Subjective Wellbeing and Lone Parenthood Following Divorce in Flanders (Northern Belgium) -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Research Background -- 10.2.1 Multi-dimensional Measures of Subjective Wellbeing -- 10.2.2 Multi-dimensional Subjective Wellbeing, Gender and Partnership Status -- 10.2.2.1 Life Satisfaction -- 10.2.2.2 Emotional Wellbeing -- 10.2.2.3 Vitality -- 10.2.3 Multi-dimensional Subjective Wellbeing, Lone Parenting and Gender -- 10.2.3.1 Lone Parenting and Gender -- 10.3 Data, Measures and Methods -- 10.3.1 Data -- 10.3.2 Measures -- 10.3.2.1 Dependent Variables of Multi-dimensional Subjective Well-Being -- 10.3.2.2 Independent Variables -- 10.3.3 Methods -- 10.4 Results -- 10.5 Discussion -- 10.6 Conclusion -- Appendix -- Pairwise Pearson Correlations Emotional Wellbeing & -- Alpha Cr -- Pairwise Pearson Correlations Vitality & -- Alpha Cr -- References -- Chapter 11: Knotting the Safety Net. A Multi-Actor Family Network Approach in Divorce Research -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Theory -- 11.2.1 Family Systems Theory. , 11.2.2 The Configurational Approach -- 11.2.3 Families as a Sharing Group -- 11.3 The Multi-Actor Family Network Approach -- 11.3.1 The Delineation of Family Networks -- 11.3.2 Implementation -- 11.4 Conclusion and Discussion -- 11.4.1 Conclusion -- 11.4.2 Discussion -- References -- Part IV: Divorce and the Parent-Child Relationship -- Chapter 12: Public Attitudes Toward Shared Custody: The Czech Republic -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Shared Custody : A New Phenomenon in Post-Divorce Child Custody Arrangements? -- 12.3 Research on Shared Custody -- 12.4 Public Attitudes Toward Shared Custody -- 12.5 Methods and Data -- 12.6 Descriptive Results -- 12.7 Exploring Factors Affecting Attitudes Toward Shared Custody -- 12.8 Discussion -- 12.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Feelings of Guilt in the Family: The Case of Divorced Parents -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Theory and Hypotheses -- 13.3 Method -- 13.3.1 Measures -- 13.4 Results -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Quality of Non-resident Father-Child Relationships: Between "Caring for" and "Caring About" -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Theoretical Background, Previous Research, and Hypotheses -- 14.3 Data and Methods -- 14.3.1 Dependent Variables -- 14.3.2 Independent Variables -- 14.3.3 Control Variables -- 14.4 Results -- 14.5 Conclusion -- References -- Part V: Consequences for Children -- Chapter 15: Childbearing Across Partnerships in Finland and Germany -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Institutional Setting and Prior Research -- 15.2.1 Policy and Demographic Context of Finland and Germany -- 15.3 Prior Findings -- 15.4 Hypotheses -- 15.5 Data and Method -- 15.5.1 Data Sources -- 15.5.2 Method and Variables -- 15.6 Results -- 15.6.1 Descriptive Findings -- 15.6.2 Regression Results -- 15.7 Conclusions -- Appendix -- References. , Chapter 16: Post-Divorce Dual-Household Living Arrangements and Adolescent Wellbeing -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Background -- 16.2.1 Parental Divorce and Adolescent Wellbeing -- 16.2.2 Dual-Household Living Arrangements and Wellbeing -- 16.3 Country Contexts -- 16.4 Data -- 16.4.1 Adolescents in Dual-Household Families -- 16.4.2 Emotional and Psychological Wellbeing -- 16.4.3 Control Variables -- 16.5 Results -- 16.5.1 Univariate Results -- 16.5.2 Controlling for Observable Characteristics -- 16.6 Concluding Discussion -- References -- Chapter 17: Floor Effects or Compensation of Social Origin? The Relation Between Divorce and Children's School Engagement According to Parents' Educational Level -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Literature Review -- 17.3 Data and Methods -- 17.3.1 Leuven Adolescent and Family Study 2008-2012 -- 17.3.2 Variables -- 17.3.2.1 Dependent Variable: School Engagement -- 17.3.2.2 Grouping Variable: Parents' Educational Level -- 17.3.2.3 Independent Variables: Family Resources and Divorce -- 17.3.2.4 Control Variables -- 17.3.3 Multi-Group Structural Equation Models -- 17.4 Results -- 17.5 Conclusion -- References -- 978-3-030-25838-2_BookFrontMatter -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_1 -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Part_1_BookFrontMatter -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_2 -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_3 -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_4 -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Part_2_BookFrontMatter -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_5 -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_6 -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Part_3_BookFrontMatter -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_7 -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_8 -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_9 -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_10 -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_11 -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Part_4_BookFrontMatter -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_12 -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_13 -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_14 -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Part_5_BookFrontMatter -- 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_15. , 978-3-030-25838-2_Chapter_16.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Mortelmans, Dimitri Divorce in Europe Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2020 ISBN 9783030258375

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung

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ISBN: 9789004509368 , 9789004509351

Serie: International Straits of the World ; 19

Inhalt: In Hybrid Threats and the Law of the Sea, Alexander Lott draws a line between peacetime law enforcement measures, hybrid conflict, hybrid naval warfare, and naval warfare, based on a study of a wide selection of maritime incidents in straits.

Anmerkung: Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Illustrations -- Abbreviations and Euphemisms -- part 1 -- The Meaning of Straits and Hybrid Threats -- 1 The Implications of Hybrid Threats to the Maritime Domain -- 2 The Legal Concept and Classification of Straits -- 2.1 The Legal Concept of a Strait -- 2.2 The Legal Classification of Straits -- 2.3 The Law of Naval Warfare in Straits and Its Relation to the Law of the Sea -- 3 The Concept of Hybrid Threats -- 3.1 The Meaning of Hybrid Conflicts -- 3.2 Differences between the Rules on the Use of Force in Maritime Law Enforcement Operations and Armed Conflicts -- 3.3 The Meaning of Hybrid Warfare -- part 2 -- Use of Force in Maritime Hybrid Warfare -- 4 Permit-Based Passage v. Transit Passage in an Occupied Area  The 2018 Kerch Strait Incident and the 2022 Ukraine-Russia Naval Warfare -- 4.1 The Kerch Strait Incident and Its Implications for the Passage Regime in the Sea of Azov -- 4.2 Freedom of Navigation of Ukrainian and Russian Ships in the Kerch Strait -- 4.3 A Critical Analysis of Ukraine's Arguments about the Applicability of Transit Passage to Ships and Aircraft in/over the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait -- 4.4 The Significance of 2003 Bilateral Treaties for the Passage Regime of the Kerch Strait -- 4.5 The Sea of Azov as a Potential Historic Bay and Its Implications for the Regime of Passage in the Kerch Strait under Article 35(a) of losc -- 4.6 The Importance of the Obligation of Non-recognition for the Passage Regime of the Kerch Strait -- 4.7 Parallel Legal Regimes vs Sui Generis Regime of the Kerch Strait -- 4.8 The Kerch Strait as a Belligerent Strait -- 5 Use of Force against Sovereign Immune Vessels  Law Enforcement v. Humanitarian Law Paradigm -- 5.1 In dubio pro jus in bello? -- 5.2 Threshold of an Armed Attack in a Hybrid Naval Conflict -- 5.3 Distinction between Law Enforcement and Humanitarian Law Paradigms -- 6 Iran-Israel 'Shadow War' in Waters around the Arabian Peninsula and Incidents near the Bab el-Mandeb -- 6.1 Legal Regime of the Bab el-Mandeb -- 6.2 Geopolitical Characteristics of the Bab el-Mandeb -- 6.3 Terrorism and Piracy in and near the Bab el-Mandeb -- 6.4 Armed Conflict in Yemen -- 6.5 Background of the Iran-Israel Conflict -- 6.6 Problems with Attributing State Responsibility -- 6.7 Non-state Actors and Article 51 of the UN Charter -- 7 Russia's Military Operations in the Territories of the Viro Strait's Coastal States -- 7.1 Geographical and Geopolitical Characteristics of the Viro Strait -- 7.2 The Legal Regime of the Viro Strait -- 7.3 Foreign Military Activities in the Viro Strait: Incursions of Foreign Submarines and Military Aircraft -- part 3 -- Discriminatory Navigational Restrictions in Hybrid Conflicts -- 8 Discriminatory Prohibition of the Right of Transit Passage of a Commercial Ship  The Arrest of Stena Impero by Iran -- 8.1 Geographical and Geopolitical Characteristics of the Strait of Hormuz -- 8.2 Legal Regime of the Strait of Hormuz -- 8.3 The 2019 Stena Impero Incident and the Traffic Separation Scheme in the Strait of Hormuz -- 8.4 Parallel Passage Regimes in the Strait of Hormuz? -- 8.5 Significance of Iranian Internal Waters for the Passage Regime in the Strait of Hormuz -- 9 Tensions in and over the Taiwan Strait in 2021 -- 9.1 Legal and Geographical Characteristics of the Taiwan Strait -- 9.2 Navigation in the Taiwan Strait in the Light of Recent Developments in China's Legislation -- 9.3 Geopolitical Tensions in the Taiwan Strait and Intrusions of Taiwan's Air Defence Identification Zone -- 10 Discriminatory Navigational Restrictions in the Kerch Strait in Respect of Foreign Commercial Ships -- 10.1 The Significance of the Kerch Strait for Commerce -- 10.2 Restrictions on Foreign Commercial Ships' Navigation through the Kerch Strait -- 11 Discriminatory Prohibition of the Right of Innocent Passage of a Commercial Ship  The Vironia Incident in the Gulf of Finland -- 11.1 Right of Innocent Passage in the Eastern Gulf of Finland from 1920s to 2000 -- 11.2 The Russian Federation's Maritime Zones in the Gulf of Finland -- 11.3 The Vironia Incident in the Gulf of Finland and Its Aftermath -- 11.4 Potential Legal Basis of the Russian Federation's Permit-Based Passage Regime in the Gulf of Finland -- part 4 -- Major Maritime Industrial Projects, Piracy, and Unidentified Soldiers -- 12 The Nord Stream Project and Estonian-Russian Incidents in the Viro Strait -- 12.1 Link between Industrial Projects and Maritime Security -- 12.2 The Significance of the Viro Strait's eez Corridor for the Nord Stream Project -- 12.3 Marine Scientific Research in the Context of Seabed Studies on the Pipeline Route -- 12.4 The Incident between the Estonian Coast Guard and Russian Research Vessels in the Viro Strait's eez Corridor -- 12.5 Permit-Based Marine Scientific Research in an eez: Estonia's Decision to Deny Seabed Surveys -- 13 Countering the Threat of 'Little Green Men' in the Åland Strait -- 13.1 Geopolitical Characteristics of the Åland Strait and Preparations to Counter Unidentified Soldiers on the Åland Islands -- 13.2 Legal Regime of the Åland Strait -- 14 Threats of Piracy in the Straits of Malacca, Sunda, Lombok -- 14.1 Legal and Geopolitical Characteristics -- 14.2 Threats of Piracy in Indonesia and the Straits of Malacca and Singapore -- part 5 -- Concluding Observations on the Implications of Hybrid Threats for Maritime Security Law -- 15 A Need for a New Legal Framework on Hybrid Naval Warfare? -- 16 Discriminatory Navigational Restrictions in the Context of Hybrid Conflicts -- 17 Low-Intensity Use of Force (Hybrid Warfare) through the Prism of Law Enforcement and an Armed Attack -- 18 Guidelines for Distinguishing between the Rules of Armed Conflict and Law Enforcement in Grey Zone Naval Incidents -- 18.1 Use of Force by State Vessels against Attacks Launched from Commercial Ships -- 18.2 Use of Force against a Commercial Ship in a Law Enforcement Operation -- 18.3 State vs State Scenario -- Bibliography -- Chronological Table of International Instruments -- Table of National Legislation -- Chronological Table of Cases -- Chronological List of Maps -- Index.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Hybrid Threats and the Law of the Sea : Use of Force and Discriminatory Navigational Restrictions in Straits. Leiden ; Boston : Brill | Nijhoff, 2022. ISBN 9789004509351

Sprache: Englisch

Fachgebiete: Rechtswissenschaft

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Umfang: 1 online resource (286 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-4648-0932-1

Serie: Directions in Development;Directions in Development - Human Development

Inhalt: This book, produced jointly by the World Bank, the University of California, Berkeley, and the WHO, aims to provide decision-makers at sub-national, national, regional and global levels with additional insights into how to address their workforce challenges rather than describe them. In order to optimize and align HRH investments and develop targeted policy responses, a thorough understanding of unique, country-specific labor market dynamics and determinants of these dynamics is critical. Policies need to take into account the fact that workers are economic actors, responsive to different levels of compensation and opportunities to generate revenue found in different sub-labor markets. Policies need to take into account the behavioral characteristics of the individuals who provide health care, but also the individuals who consume health care services and the institutions that employ health personnel. In other words, it is necessary to understand the determinants of both the supply (numbers of health workers willing to work in the health sector) and the demand for health workers (resources available to hire health workers), how these interact, and how this interaction varies in different contexts. This interaction will determine the availability of health personnel, their distribution as well as their performance levels, thus ensuring stronger health systems capable to deliver universal health coverage. The book is structured to be of use to researchers, planners, and economists who are tasked with analyzing key areas of health labor markets, including overall labor market assessments as well as and more narrow and targeted analyses of demand and supply (including production and migration), performance, and remuneration of health workers. The chapters, written by a number of internationally renowned experts on Human Resources for Health, discuss data sources and empirical tools that can be used to assess health labor markets across high-, middle- or low-income countries, but draws primarily from examples and case-studies in LMICs.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Overview Tools and Data Needs to Guide Evidence-Based Policy Making on Human Resources for Health -- Introduction -- Chapter Summaries -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 1 A Labor Market Framework for Human Resources for Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries -- Introduction -- Forces Affecting HLM -- Health Workers Labor Market and Health and Medical Services Market -- Integrated Framework for the HLM -- Technical Structure and Dynamics of the Impact of the HLM -- Task Shifting in the HLM -- Health Worker Productivity -- Health Worker Performance -- HLM Indicators -- Development of a Future Health Workforce -- Annex 1A: Preliminary List of Data Needed to Analyze the HLM -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Data Requirements for the Economic Analysis of Health Labor Markets -- Introduction -- Data Requirements for HLM Analysis -- Identifying Data Sets for Review -- Results of the Review of Data Sets -- Recommendations for Collecting Health Workforce Data for HLM Analysis -- Conclusions -- Annex 2A: Data Sets Included in This Review -- Annex 2B: International Standard Classification of Occupations: ISCO-08 22 Health Professionals -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Demand-Based and Needs-Based Forecasts for Health Workers -- Introduction -- Needs-Based Forecasts of Health Workers -- Demand-Based Forecasts of Health Workers -- Supply of Health Workers -- Needs-Based and Demand-Based Forecast Comparisons and Shortage Calculations -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Measuring and Analyzing Production Supply -- Introduction -- Institutional Dynamics -- Medical Education Transformation -- Data Needs -- Indicators That Measure Progress -- Financing -- Effective Regulation -- Stakeholders -- Health Professional Schools. , Health Facilities -- Employers -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Health Worker Labor Supply, Absenteeism, and Job Choice -- Introduction -- 1. Framework for Analysis -- 2. Evidence -- 3. Ways Forward -- Annex 5A: Cross-Country Data Set -- Annex 5B: Equations and Variable Definitions for the Models -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 6 Migration of Health Care Professionals from Sub-Saharan Africa: Issues, Data, and Evidence -- Introduction -- Reasons for Migration -- Data Needed to Analyze Health Care Professional Migrations -- Ways to Measure the Relative Importance of Migration Determinants -- Ways to Measure the Impact of Migration -- Data Availability for Africa -- Determinants of Migration: Ghana as a Case Study -- Impact of Migration -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Measuring the Performance of Health Workers -- Introduction -- Performance Is Presence, Quality, and Productivity -- Difficulties Inherent in the Measurement of Performance -- Tools for Measuring Performance -- Indicators -- Annex 7A: Examples of Tools for Measuring Performance -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 8 Analyzing the Determinants of Health Worker Performance -- Indicators for Analyzing the Determinants of Performance -- Ways of Understanding Process Quality Shortfalls -- Ways of Understanding Productivity Shortfalls -- Ways of Analyzing Motivation Shortfalls -- Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 9 Measuring and Analyzing Salaries and Incentives -- Health Workers' Actual Income -- Official Income Sources -- Unofficial Incomes of Health Workers and Their Side Effects -- Methods for Measuring Official Income -- Ways of Using Administrative Data from Government Agencies -- Methods for Measuring Unofficial Income -- Direct Health Worker Surveys -- Sensitive Survey Techniques -- Patient Surveys -- Administrative Records. , Direct Observation -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 10 Survey Techniques to Capture Sensitive Information from Health Workers: An Example of Their Application in Liberia -- Introduction -- Sensitive Survey Techniques -- Item Count Technique -- Aggregated Response (Sum Randomization) -- Application of Sensitive Survey Techniques in Liberia -- Testing Validity of Item Count and Aggregate Response Methods -- Results -- Regular Salary and Benefits -- Sensitive Behaviors: Direct Responses -- Sensitive Behaviors: Item Count and Aggregated Response -- Conclusions and Considerations -- References -- Boxes -- Box 1.1 Vignette 1: Workforce Shortage in Thailand -- Box 1.2 Vignette 2: Unfilled Posts in Kenya -- Box 1.3 Vignette 3: Maternal Health in Malawi -- Box 1.4 Vignette 4: Ghost Workers in Rwanda -- Box 1.5 Vignette 1: Response to Workforce Shortage in Thailand -- Box 1.6 Vignette 2: Response to Unfilled Posts in Kenya -- Box 1.7 Vignette 3: Response to Maternal Health in Malawi -- Box 1.8 Vignette 4: Response to Ghost Workers in Rwanda -- Box 3.1 Calculation of Workforce Supply in Pakistan, 2020 -- Box 4.1 Framework for Changing Regulatory Requirements -- Box 7.1 Two Professionals Evaluating the Same Patient -- Box 7.2 Quality of Care and Patient Outcomes -- Box 9.1 Randomized Response Technique Calculations -- Figures -- Figure 1.1 HLM: An Integrated Framework -- Figure 1.2 Demand and Supply of Nurses -- Figure 1.3 Public and Private Market for Health Workers: One Worker's Hours and Wages -- Figure 1.4 Rural and Urban HLMs -- Figure 1.5 Task Shifting of Surgery Technicians -- Figure 1.6 Function of a Health Worker -- Figure 1.7 Health Worker Performance -- Figure 2.1 Conceptual Framework Used to Define the Key Information Collected in the MABEL Survey -- Figure 3.1 World Health Organization Skilled Birth Attendant Benchmark, 2006. , Figure 3.2 Hypothetical Fitted Health System Values as a Function of Health Workers -- Figure 3.3 Hypothetical Health Worker Shortage per 1,000 Population, 2020: The 20 Countries with the Greatest Per Capita Shortage -- Figure 3.4 Illustration of SDG Composite Index Method -- Figure 3.5 Demand and Supply of Nurses -- Figure 3.6 Assessing Shortages and Surpluses of Workers: Conceptual Forecasting Framework -- Figure 6.1 Stock of Immigrant Physicians in OECD Countries as a Percentage of Locally Trained Physicians in Source Region -- Figure 6.2 African Countries with the Highest Rates of Physician Emigration, 1991 and 2004 -- Figure 6.3 Number of Trained African Physicians in Africa and OECD Countries, 1991-2004 -- Figure 6.4 Number of African Physicians Working in Selected OECD Countries, 1991 and 2004 -- Figure 6.5 Estimated Years of Service in Country of Origin before Emigration, by Graduation Cohort -- Figure 6.6 Number of Ghanaian Physicians at Home and Abroad, 1991-2004 -- Figure 6.7 Education Level of Ghanaian Migrant Physicians' Parents -- Figure 6.8 Ghanaian Migrant Doctors' Top Reasons for Migration -- Figure 6.9 Main Links with Ghana for Ghanaian Migrant Doctors -- Figure B7.2.1 Outcomes Categorized by the Average Quality of Care at Location of First Visit, Rural Tanzania, 2003 -- Figure 8.1 Three-Gap Framework -- Figure 8.2 Empirical Evidence of the Know-Do Gap -- Figure 9.1 Common Forms of Individual Incentives and Compensation for Public Sector Health Workers in Low-Income Countries -- Tables -- Table O.1 Sustainable Development Goal 3 -- Table 2A.1 Characteristics of Data Sets -- Table 3.1 Hypothetical Forecasts of Demand-Based and Needs-Based Health Worker Shortages per 1,000 Population: Pakistan -- Table 4.1 Essential Domains of Health Professional Education -- Table 4.2 Cost of Medical Education in Different Countries. , Table 4.3 Proposed Indicators of Health Professional Education Financing and Their Purpose -- Table 4.4 Proposed Indicators of Health Professional Education Regulation and Their Purpose -- Table 4.5 Proposed Indicators of Stakeholder Engagement in Health Professional Education and Their Purpose -- Table 4.6 Proposed Indicators for Clinical Practicums as Part of Health Professional Education and Their Purpose -- Table 4.7 Proposed Indicators of Employers' Engagement in the Health Professional Education System and Their Purpose -- Table 5A.1 Cross-Country Data set -- Table 6.1 Regions of Training of African Physicians Identified in the 2011 AMA Physician Masterfile -- Table 6.2 Top 12 Countries of Emigration Physicians Appearing in the 2011 AMA Physician Masterfile, by Emigration Rate -- Table 6.3 Main Differences between Ghana and Abroad for Ghanaian Migrant Doctors -- Table 7.1 Indicators and Possible Tools to Describe Performance of Health Workers -- Table 7A.1 General Health Management Information Systems -- Table 7A.2 Attendance Check Data Sheet (Example) -- Table 7A.3 Patient Exit Interview (Satisfaction, Example) -- Table 7A.4 Patient Exit Interview (Travel and Expenditure, Example) -- Table 7A.5 Household Survey Questionnaire on Decision Making (Example) -- Table 7A.6 Household Survey Questionnaire, Health-Seeking Experience (Example) -- Table 7A.7 Direct Observation Checklist -- Table 8.1 Vignette to Measure Competence and Capacity -- Table 8.2 Job Satisfaction and Motivation -- Table 9.1 Sample Survey Question to Determine Benefits and Incentives -- Table 10.1 Demographic Characteristics of Liberian Health Worker Respondents, 2012 -- Table 10.2 Regular Monthly Compensation and Benefits of Liberian Health Worker Respondents, 2010-12 -- Table 10.3 Results from Direct Responses of Liberian Health Workers. , Table 10.4 Results from Sensitive Survey Responses of Liberian Health Workers.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 1-4648-0931-3

Sprache: Englisch

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Umfang: 1 online resource (207 p. ) , ill. ;

ISBN: 92-64-01819-0

Serie: Examen der nationalen Bildungspolitiken

Inhalt: Der vorliegende Bericht umfasst zwei Teile. Teil I bildet der von den Schweizer Behörden erarbeitete Länderbericht. Die fünf Kapitel dieses Teils bieten einen Überblick über den Kontext und das spezifische Umfeld der schweizerischen Tertiärbildung und erörtern die politischen Herausforderungen, mit denen der Sektor konfrontiert ist. Struktur und Finanzierung der Tertiärbildung, die Merkmale der Partizipation an und der Bereitstellung von Bildungsmöglichkeiten, das Profil der Forschung, die Merkmale der Lehre und des Lernens sowie der Internationalisierungsprozess werden beschrieben. Ferner werden die derzeit stattfindenden Reformen sowohl aus globaler Sicht als auch auf Ebene des Systems und der Institutionen skizziert.Der Bericht der OECD-Experten, der sich neben anderen Quellen auf den Länderbericht bezieht, bildet Teil II der vorliegenden Publikation. In sechs Kapiteln werden politische Ansätze analysiert und Empfehlungen formuliert. Kapitel 1 zeigt auf, mit welchen Herausforderungen der tertiäre Bildungssektor konfrontiert ist, und nimmt dabei Bezug auf den historischen Kontext und auf die Besonderheiten des schweizerischen Systems. In Kapitel 2 werden Umfang und Struktur des tertiären Bildungswesens in der Schweiz dargestellt. In Kapitel 3 werden Lehre, Studium und Forschung vor dem Hintergrund der Errungenschaften, Problemstellungen und Reformen erörtert, während Kapitel 4 sich mit dem Übergang von Kontrolle undVerwaltung hin zu Steuerung und Management befasst. Die Informationsgrundlagen für die Entscheidungsfindung und die Notwendigkeit ihrer Verbesserung werden in Kapitel 5 diskutiert.Kapitel 6 schliesslich fasst die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse zusammen und nennt Empfehlungen zu weiteren Verbesserungen in den untersuchten Gebieten.

Anmerkung: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Intro -- Vorwort -- Zusammenfassung -- Umfang und Struktur des tertiären Bildungswesens -- Lehre, Studium, Forschung und Internationalisierung -- Verwaltung, Kontrolle und Steuerung -- Informationsgrundlagen für die Entscheidungsfindung -- TEIL I -- Grundlagenbericht, erstellt durch die Schweizer Behörden -- Zusammenfassung des Grundlagenberichts -- Duales Hochschulsystem -- Hoher Bildungsstand -- Führende Stellung der Schweiz in der Forschung -- Internationale Beziehungen -- Reformen im Hochschulbereich -- TEIL I -- Kapitel 1 Die Schweiz -- 1.1 Land und Bevölkerung -- Von der bäuerlichen Gesellschaft zum Industrieland -- Dienstleistungssektor an der Spitze -- Ein bedeutender Markt -- 1.2 Geschichte und politische Struktur -- Föderalistisches System -- 1.3 Zusammenarbeit zwischen Bund und Kantonen -- TEIL I -- Kapitel 2 Das schweizerische Bildungssystem -- 2.1 Struktur des schweizerischen Bildungssystems -- Die Vorschulstufe -- Die Primarstufe und die Sekundarstufe I -- Die Sekundarstufe II -- Neue Maturitäten -- Die Bildung auf Tertiärstufe -- Die Weiterbildung -- 2.2 Die Kompetenzverteilung im Bildungswesen -- Kompetenzverteilung auf der Tertiärstufe -- 2.3 Der Bildungsstand der Bevölkerung -- TEIL I -- Kapitel 3 Die tertiäre Bildungsstufe in der Schweiz -- 3.1 Die höhere Berufsbildung -- Eine breite Palette von Einrichtungen -- 3.2 Das duale Hochschulsystem: Universitäre Hochschulen und -- Das Hochschulsystem -- Die Kompetenzen -- Organe des Bundesrats -- Der Schweizerische Wissenschafts- und Technologierat -- Die Eidgenössische Fachhochschulkommission -- Organe des Eidgenössischen Departements des Innern -- Die Gruppe für Wissenschaft und Forschung -- Das Staatssekretariat für Wissenschaft und Forschung -- Das Bundesamt für Bildung und Wissenschaft -- Der Rat der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschulen - ETH-Ra. , Organe des Eidg. Volkswirtschaftsdepartements -- Das Bundesamt für Berufsbildung und Technologie -- Gemeinsame Organe des Bundes und der Kantone -- Die Schweizerische Universitätskonferenz -- Organ für Akkreditierung und Qualitätssicherung (OAQ) -- Organe der Kantone -- Die Schweizerische Konferenz der kantonalen Erziehungsdirekt -- Der Fachhochschulrat -- Leitende Organe der Hochschulen -- Die Rektorenkonferenz der Schweizer Universitäten -- Die Konferenz der Fachhochschulen der Schweiz -- Gesetzesgrundlagen -- Das Universitätsförderungsgesetz (UFG) -- Bundesgesetz über die Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule -- Das Bundesgesetz über die Fachhochschulen -- Kantonale Universitätsgesetze -- Interkantonales Konkordat und Zusammenarbeitsvereinbarung -- Interkantonale Universitätsvereinbarung -- Interkantonale Fachhochschulvereinbarung -- Die universitären Hochschulen -- Die kantonalen Universitäten -- Der Bereich der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschulen (ETH -- Weitere universitäre Institute -- Aufnahmebedingungen -- Lehrangebot der universitären Hochschulen der Schweiz (s. Ta -- Merkmale der universitären Hochschulen -- Steigende Anzahl Studierender -- Struktur der Studiengänge -- Hochschulabschlussquote -- Erfolgreicher Abschluss und Abbruch des Studiums -- Personalbestand an den universitären Hochschulen -- Die Fachhochschulen -- Zuständigkeiten -- Die pädagogischen Hochschulen -- Zugang zu den FH -- Studiendaten -- Aufbau der Studiengänge -- Studierende auf dem Arbeitsmarkt -- Die Beziehung zwischen den Fachhochschulen und den universit -- Stipendien -- Förderung der internen Mobilität -- Förderung der internationalen Mobilität -- 3.3 Die Forschung in der Schweiz -- Die Akteure der Forschung -- Wertvolle Beiträge der privaten Industrie an die Forschung -- Neuausrichtung der Forschungspolitik -- Gesetzliche Grundlagen -- Die Bundesverfassung. , Das Forschungsgesetz -- Die Institutionen der Forschungsförderung -- Der Schweizerische Nationalfonds -- Die Kommission für Technologie und Innovation -- Die schweizerischen wissenschaftlichen Akademien -- Die Schweizer Forschung im internationalen Umfeld -- Die Schweiz und die Forschung in der EU -- Aktive Teilnahme an der internationalen Forschungszusammenar -- Technologie- und Wissenstransfer -- Kantonale Universitäten und ETH -- Technologietransfer an den Fachhochschulen -- Institutionen des Technologietransfers -- 3.4 Internationale Beziehungen der universitären Hochschulen -- Internationale Beziehungen und Kooperation -- Europäische Union -- Weitere Ebenen der internationalen Zusammenarbeit -- Anerkennung von Diplomen -- Nachbarländer ... -- ... und darüber hinaus -- Bologna-Deklaration -- Die Universitäten und Fachhochschulen sind ermutigt worden, -- Aufrechterhaltung des Dualsystems -- Qualitätssicherung -- 3.5 Förderprogramme -- Förderung des akademischen Nachwuchses -- Die Förderungsprofessuren des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds -- Nachwuchsförderung innerhalb der NFS -- ETH-Bereich: Karriereplanung nach dem Modell des «Tenure Tra -- Aktion Do-Re der Fachhochschulen -- Das Bundesprogramm «Chancengleichheit» -- Chancengleichheit im ETH-Bereich ... -- ... an den Fachhochschulen ... -- ... und beim Schweizerischen Nationalfonds -- Das Bundesprogramm «Virtueller Campus Schweiz» -- Finanzierung durch Bund und Kantone -- Ausbau des Informatiknetzes: SWITCH Next Generation -- Modernisierung des Informatiknetzes -- Aufbau des Schweizerischen Netzwerks für Innovation -- Förderung von Kooperations- und Innovationsprojekten -- Kooperations- und Innovationsprojekte im ETH-Bereich -- Fachhochschulen: Zusammenarbeit in sechs nationalen Kompeten -- 3.6 Weiterbildung -- Aufteilung der Zuständigkeiten -- Bedürfnisse des Marktes im Vordergrund. , Massnahmen des Bundes -- Koordination durch Arbeitsgruppe -- Fachhochschulen: Breit gefächertes Angebot an Nachdiplomstud -- Schweizerische Arbeitskräfteerhebung -- Forum für Weiterbildung -- 3.7 Die Beziehungen der Hochschulen zu Wirtschaft und Gesell -- Auftrag der Hochschulen -- Universitäre Hochschulen: Erweiterung des Wissens -- Fachhochschulen: Praxisorientierte Lehre und Forschung -- Annäherung von Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft -- Stiftung Science et Cité: Im Dienste des Dialogs -- Herausforderung Wissens- und Informationsgesellschaft -- Errichtung nationaler Kompetenznetzwerke -- Förderung des Technologietransfers -- TEIL I -- Kapitel 4 Die Finanzierung des Tertiärbereichs -- 4.1 Finanzierung der universitären Hochschulen -- 4.2 Finanzierung der Fachhochschulen -- Kriterien für die Subventionierung -- 4.3 Bildung, Forschung und Technologie 2000 - 2003 -- Kantonale Universitäten: Neue Kriterien für Grundbeiträge -- Bedeutung der Akquisition von Drittmitteln -- Abfederung und Ausgleich -- TEIL I -- Kapitel 5 Reformen im tertiären Bildungsbereich -- BFT-System unter Reformdruck -- 5.1 Der Hochschulreformprozess 2000 - 2007 -- Reformziel und politische Stossrichtung -- Erster Reformschritt: Die BFT-Botschaft 2000 - 2003 -- Exzellenz durch Vernetzung -- Neue Spielregeln -- Wettbewerb und Kooperation -- Beitragszahlungen: Die Leistung zählt -- Fachhochschulen: Integration vorbereiten -- Bewertung der Qualität -- Zweiter Reformschritt: Neuer Verfassungsartikel -- Dritter Reformschritt: Die BFT-Botschaft 2004 - 2007 -- Vierter Reformschritt: Die Botschaft betreffend die auf der -- Anhänge -- CH -- Männer -- Frauen -- Total -- Basel -- Männer -- Frauen -- Forschung und Entwicklung -- Andere Tätigkeiten -- Total -- Total -- Bibliographie -- Teil II Expertenbericht -- TEIL II -- Kapitel 6 Einleitung. , 6.1 Politik des tertiären Bildungswesens und Funktion eines -- 6.2 Merkmale der Tertiärbildung in der Schweiz -- 6.3 Herausforderungen einer Reform der schweizerischen Terti -- 6.4 Optionen der schweizerischen tertiären Bildungspolitik -- 6.4 Das OECD-Examen -- 6.6 Fokus Tertiärbildung -- TEIL II -- Kapitel 7 Umfang und Struktur des tertiären Bildungswesens -- 7.1 Zugang, Bildungswege und Bildungsmöglichkeiten -- 7.2 Tertiärbildung im Ausbau -- 7.3 Diversifizierung und Rolle der unterschiedlichen Institu -- TEIL II -- Kapitel 8 Lehre, Studium und Forschung: Erfolge, Problemstel -- 8.1 Die bedeutende Rolle der Forschung -- 8.2 Erfolge und Reformbedarf in den Kernbereichen der Spitze -- 8.3 Die Rolle anderer Disziplinen und Forschungsgebiete -- 8.4 Beziehungen zu Industrie und Wirtschaft -- 8.5 Internationalisierung der Hochschulbildung -- 8.6 Lehre, Studium und akademische Karrieremöglichkeiten -- 8.7 Evaluation -- 8.8 Die allgemeine Situation -- TEIL II -- Kapitel 9 Von Kontrolle und Verwaltung hin zu Steuerung und -- 9.1 Einleitung -- 9.2 Grundzüge der Reformen -- 9.3 Der schweizerische Föderalismus und die Führungsstruktur -- 9.4 Beziehungen zwischen den Behörden und den Institutionen -- 9.5 Führungsstrukturen innerhalb der Institutionen der Terti -- 9.6 Der Privatsektor und die Rolle marktwirtschaftlicher Anr -- TEIL II -- Kapitel 10 Informationsgrundlagen für die Entscheidungsfindu -- 10.1 Bedarf an Informationen -- 10.2 Heutiger Stand der Informationsbeschaffung zu Statistik -- 10.3 Bildungsforschung im Bereich der Hochschulbildung -- 10.4 Neue Kommunikationsmittel -- TEIL II -- Kapitel 11 Schlussfolgerung und Empfehlung -- 11.1 Einleitung -- 11.2 Umfang und Vielfalt der Tertiärbildung -- 11.3 Lehre, Studium und Forschung in einem dynamischen terti -- 11.4 Führung und Organisation: Anreize und Spielraum für den. , 11.5 Informationsgrundlagen für die Entscheidungsfindung. , German

Sprache: Deutsch

DOI: 10.1787/9789264018198-de

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Umfang: 1 online resource (414 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9789240012677

Serie: WHO Food Additives Series

Anmerkung: COVER -- TITLE -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids -- 1. Explanation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Systematic review approach -- 1.2.1 Objective -- 1.2.2 Research questions -- 1.2.3 Search strategy systematic review -- 1.2.4 Inclusion and exclusion of studies -- 1.2.5 Search strategy: exposure assessment and risk management strategies -- 2. Biological data -- 2.1 Biochemical aspects -- 2.1.1 Absorption, distribution and excretion -- (a) Absorption -- (b) Distribution -- (c) Excretion -- 2.1.2 Biotransformation -- (a) In vitro -- (b) Ex vivo -- (c) In vivo -- (d) Overview biotransformation -- (e) Ruminal microbial metabolism -- 2.1.3 Effects on enzymes and other biochemical parameters -- (a) In vitro CYP inhibition -- (b) In vivo CYP induction -- (c) Effect on Phase II enzymes -- (d) Effect on other enzymes -- (e) Unknown mechanism of action -- 2.1.4 Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling -- 2.1.5 Transfer from feed to food -- (a) Milk -- (b) Avian eggs -- (c) Avian meat -- (d) Mammalian meat -- 2.2 Toxicological studies -- 2.2.1 Acute toxicity -- 2.2.2 Short-term studies of toxicity -- (a) Mouse -- (b) Rat -- (c) Chicken -- (d) Quail -- (e) Pig -- (f) Sheep -- (g) Cows -- (h) Horses and donkeys -- 2.2.3 Long-term studies of toxicity and carcinogenicity -- (a) Mouse -- (b) Rat -- 2.2.4 Genotoxicity -- (a) In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies -- (b) Covalent binding to nucleic acids and/or proteins -- (c) Results of additional assays with end-points related to genotoxicity -- (d) Summary and overall conclusion on genotoxicity -- 2.2.5 Reproductive and developmental toxicity -- (a) Multigeneration reproductive toxicity -- (b) Developmental toxicity -- 2.2.6 Special studies -- (a) Immunotoxicity -- (b) Neurotoxicity -- (c) Photoisomerization -- 2.3 Observations in domestic animals/veterinary toxicology. , (a) Pig -- (b) Horse -- (c) Goat -- (d) Sheep -- (e) Buffaloes -- (f) Cows -- (g) Yaks -- (h) Wombats -- 2.4 Observations in humans -- 2.4.1 Outbreaks -- (a) Central India -- (b) North-western Afghanistan -- (c) Tajikistan -- (d) Northern Iraq -- (e) Northern Ethiopia -- 2.4.2 Case reports -- 2.4.3 Case series -- 2.4.4 Biomarkers -- 2.5 Concluding remarks -- 3. Analytical methods -- 3.1 Chemistry and sources of PAs -- 3.2 Description of analytical methods -- 3.2.1 Introduction -- (a) Summary of analytical issues -- (b) Stability issues -- (c) Solubility issues -- (d) Extraction and isolation -- (e) Reduction of 1,2-unsaturated PA-N-oxides to free bases -- (f) Introduction to methods of separation, detection and quantitation -- 3.2.2 Screening methods for 1,2-unsaturated PAs -- (a) Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) -- (b) Electrophoresis -- (c) Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR spectroscopy) -- (d) Immunological methods -- (e) Summation methods based on spectrophotometry -- (f) 1,2-Unsaturated PA detection by insects -- 3.2.3 Quantitative methods -- (a) Summation methods involving GC-MS or LC-MS -- (b) High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC-MS -- (c) Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-MS -- 3.2.4 Quality assurance considerations -- 3.2.5 Reference methods -- 4. Sampling protocols -- 5. Effects of processing on levels of PA in food and feed -- 5.1 Food processing -- 5.1.1 Fate of PAs during cleaning of cereals -- 5.1.2 Fate of PAs during preparation of black/herbal tea infusions -- 5.1.3 Fate of PAs in processing of honey and honey products -- 5.1.4 Fate of PAs in pollen processing -- 5.1.5 Fate of PAs during borage oil processing -- 5.1.6 Indirect evidence for stability of PAs during processing -- 5.1.7 Fate of PAs transferred to milk, eggs and meat -- 5.2 Feed processing. , 6. Levels and patterns of contamination in food commodities -- 6.1 Submitted data -- 6.1.1 Brazil -- 6.1.2 FoodDrinkEurope -- 6.1.3 Germany -- 6.1.4 Hungary -- 6.1.5 Luxembourg -- 6.2 Literature data -- 6.2.1 Cereal and cereal products -- 6.2.2 Teas and herbal teas -- 6.2.3 Milk and dairy products -- 6.2.4 Eggs -- 6.2.5 Meat, including organ meat -- 6.2.6 Honey -- 6.2.7 Herbal supplements/medicines -- 6.2.8 Culinary herbs -- 6.2.9 Other foods -- (a) Pollen -- (b) Plant oils -- 6.3 Animal feed -- 7. Food consumption and dietary exposure assessment -- 7.1 National estimates of dietary exposure from the scientific literature -- 7.1.1 Germany -- (a) Honey -- (b) Herbal tea and tea -- (c) Culinary herbs -- 7.1.2 Ireland -- (a) Honey -- (b) Tea -- (c) Herbal medicines -- 7.1.3 Netherlands -- (a) Herbal tea -- (b) Herbal supplements -- 7.1.4 USA -- 7.2 National estimates of dietary exposure derived by the Committee -- 7.2.1 Australia -- 7.2.2 Brazil -- 7.3 Regional estimates of dietary exposure -- 7.3.1 Europe, 2011 -- 7.3.2 Europe, 2016 -- 7.4 International estimates of dietary exposure -- 7.5 Summary of dietary exposure estimates -- 7.6 Limitations of the dietary exposure assessment -- 8. Prevention and control -- 8.1 Environmental management - weed control practices -- 8.2 Good manufacturing practices and HACCP -- 8.3 Increased resistance of livestock to 1,2-unsaturated PAs -- 8.4 Management of livestock feed -- 9. Dose-response analysis and estimation of toxic/carcinogenic risk -- 9.1 Identification of key data for risk assessment -- 9.1.1 Pivotal data from biochemical and toxicological studies -- 9.1.2 Pivotal data from human clinical/epidemiological studies -- 9.1.3 Biomarker studies -- 9.2 General modelling considerations -- 9.2.1 Previous analyses of dose-response relationships -- (a) United Kingdom Committee on Carcinogenicity, 2008. , (b) EFSA, 2011 and 2017 -- (c) RIVM, 2014 -- 9.2.2 Dose-response modelling and BMD calculations -- 9.3 Relative potency factors -- 10. Comments -- 10.1 Biochemical aspects -- 10.2 Toxicological studies -- 10.2.1 Acute toxicity of PAs -- 10.2.2 Short-term toxicity -- 10.2.3 Long-term toxicity -- (a) Lasiocarpine (NCI, 1978) -- (b) Riddelliine (NTP, 2003) -- 10.2.4 Genotoxicity -- 10.2.5 Reproductive and developmental toxicity -- 10.2.6 Special studies -- 10.3 Observations in domestic animals/veterinary toxicology -- 10.4 Observations in humans -- 10.5 Analytical methods -- 10.6 Sampling protocols -- 10.7 Effects of processing -- 10.8 Prevention and control -- 10.9 Levels and patterns of contamination in food commodities -- 10.10 Food consumption and dietary exposure assessment -- 10.11 Dose-response analysis -- 10.11.1 Relative potency -- 10.11.2 Point of departure or health-based guidance value for acute or short-term toxicity -- 11. Evaluation -- 11.1 Conclusions -- 11.2 Recommendations -- 12. References -- Annex 1 Reports and other documents resulting from previous meetings of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Com -- Annex 2 Participants in the eightieth meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additive -- Annex 3 Abbreviations used in the monographs -- Annex 4 Systematic review protocol for animal intervention studies -- BACKCOVER.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants Geneva : World Health Organization,c2020

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books. ; Electronic books.

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Umfang: 1 online resource (xxx, 358 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-108-66697-3 , 1-108-68151-4 , 1-108-63943-7

Serie: Cambridge studies on environment, energy and natural resources governance

Inhalt: Drawing on political science, economics, philosophy, theology, social anthropology, history, management studies, law, and other subject areas, In Search of Good Energy Policy brings together leading academics from across the social sciences and humanities to offer an innovative look at why science and technology, and the type of quantification they champion, cannot alone meet the needs of energy policy making in the future. Featuring world-class researchers from the University of Cambridge and other leading universities around the world, this innovative book presents an interdisciplinary dialogue in which scientists and practitioners reach across institutional divides to offer their perspectives on the relevance of multi-disciplinary research for 'real world' application. This work should be read by anyone interested in understanding how multidisciplinary research and collaboration is essential to crafting good energy policy.

Anmerkung: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 30 May 2019). , Cover -- Half-title page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- Overview -- 1.1 Why Do We Need a Multidisciplinary Social Science-and Humanities-Based Approach to Energy Policy? -- 1.2 Multidisciplinary Approaches to Energy Policy -- 1.3 Examples of Different Disciplinary Approaches in Social Sciences and Humanities -- 1.4 Book Structure -- 1.5 Highlights and Key Lessons -- Part I Multidisciplinary Perspectives -- 2 Political Science and Energy -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Energy and the Political Science Literature -- 2.3 Energy and Political Subfields -- 2.4 Areas of Future Growth: Putting Energy into Environmental and Climate Politics -- 2.5 References -- 3 Economics - The Proper Valuation of Security and Environment -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Role and Limitations of Competitive Markets -- 3.3 Market Completeness and Missing Markets -- 3.4 Climate Change Mitigation -- 3.5 Security -- 3.6 Conclusions -- 3.7 References -- 4 Good Energy: Philosophical Perspectives -- 4.1 Good Outcomes and Good Processes -- 4.2 Good Outcomes -- 4.2.1 Energy Justice -- 4.2.2 Future Generations -- 4.2.3 Non-identity -- 4.2.4 Comparing Consequences -- 4.3 Good Processes -- 4.3.1 The Role of Experts -- 4.3.2 Inductive Risk -- 4.3.3 Participation -- 4.3.4 Precaution -- 4.4 Conclusions: Science, Policy and Process -- 5 Public Theology - 'Grounded': An Energy Policy Rooted in Human Flourishing -- 5.1 The Nature of 'Public Theology' -- 5.2 Environmental Public Theology -- 5.3 Public Theology and 'Good' Energy Policy -- 5.4 Conclusions: From Theology to Action -- 5.5 References -- 6 Anthropology and Energy Policy -- 6.1 Interests -- 6.1.1 Anthropology of the State -- 6.1.2 Economic Anthropology -- 6.1.3 Material Culture of the Home and Consumption. , 6.1.4 Digital Anthropology -- 6.2 Approaches -- 6.3 Collaborations -- 6.4 References -- 7 History: A Long View? -- 8 Management - From the Drawing Board to Successful Delivery -- 8.1 Embodying Wisdom -- 8.2 Developing an Industry -- 8.3 Developing New Infrastructure -- 8.4 Insightful Leadership Identifies the Risks and Removes Them -- 8.5 Developing Bigger Wind Turbines -- 8.6 Making it Happen -- 9 Legal Aspects of Energy Policy -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Extraction of Shale Gas in the European Union -- 9.3 Low-Carbon Policies in the United States -- 9.4 Renewable Energy Support in India -- 9.5 Legal Aspects of 'Good' Energy Policy -- Part II Cases and Multidisciplinary Responses -- 10 The Ethics of Nuclear Energy: Its Past, Present and Future -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The Ethics of Nuclear Energy: Where We Come From -- 10.3 New Nuclear Technology: Old and New Challenges -- 10.4 Multinational Nuclear Waste Disposal and Problems of Justice -- 10.5 The Need for Global Governance of Nuclear Energy -- 10.6 Nuclear Risk, Values and Emotions -- 10.7 Conclusions -- 10.8 References -- 10.9 Response to 'The Ethics of Nuclear Energy - Its Past, Present and Future' -- 10.9.1 References -- 11 Fukushima and German Energy Policy 2005-2015/2016 -- 11.1 The Immediate Effect of Fukushima1 -- 11.1.1 The Political Consequences -- 11.1.2 Short-Term Market and Quantity Reactions -- 11.2 Long-Term Effects of the Accelerated Phase-Out -- 11.3 Some Tentative Interpretations -- 11.4 Response to 'Fukushima and German Energy Policy 2005-2015/2016' -- 12 Rethinking the Environmental State: An Economic History of the Swedish Environmental Kuznets Curve for Carbon -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Oil Crises and the Development of Carbon Emissions -- 12.3 Why the Oil Intensity was so High in 1973 -- 12.4 The Role of Taxes and Subsidies. , 12.5 Energy and the 'Third Way' Economic Policy -- 12.6 From Three Mile Island to the Carbon Ceiling and Beyond -- 12.7 Conclusions -- 12.8 References -- 12.8.1 Official Publications -- 12.8.2 Online Resources -- 12.8.3 Newspaper Articles -- 12.8.4 Literature -- 12.9 Response to 'Rethinking the Environmental State: An Economic History of the Swedish Environmental Kuznets Curve for Carbon' -- 12.9.1 References -- 13 Fossil Fuel Systems to 100 Per Cent Renewable Energy-Based Smart Energy Systems: Lessons from the Case of Denmark, 1973-2017 -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The Social Anthropological GOING CLOSE Approach -- 13.3 What Can We Learn from the 1975-2017 History of the Danish Energy Sector? -- 13.3.1 From 1975 to 2001 -- 13.3.2 From 2001 to 2017 -- 13.4 The Development and Implementation of Integrated Smart Energy Systems[18] -- 13.4.1 The Smart Energy System Scenario[34] -- 13.4.2 The Transmission System Scenario [42][43][44] -- 13.5 The Ownership Discussion and the Transition to Smart Energy Systems -- 13.6 The Coordination of Smart Energy Systems versus the Coordination of the Transmission Line Paradigm -- 13.6.1 Will Smart Energy Systems Be Able to Politically and Economically Compete with the Transmission Line Paradigm under the Present Institutional Regime? -- 13.6.2 If the Conditions for Smart Energy Systems Improve, Will These Systems Be Consumer- or Municipality-Owned? -- 13.7 Policy Suggestions -- 13.8 Conclusions -- 13.9 Comments on Danish Heating Policies Since 1950: A Social Science Perspective on Danish Heat Systems -- 14 The Politics of Carbon Capture and Storage: How Interests Have Outstripped Economics in Shaping the Evolution of a Technology -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 A Pre-History of CCS: The Analysts' (and Stakeholder?) Favourite -- 14.3 A Brief Golden Era of CCS (2003-2009). , 14.4 Moving Beyond Rhetorical Support (2009-): A More Sceptical View of Interests -- 14.4.1 Government -- 14.4.2 Energy Industry -- 14.4.3 NGOs -- 14.5 Conclusions: Why Have the Politics of CCS been So Difficult? -- 14.6 Response to 'The Politics of Carbon Capture and Storage: How Interests have Outstripped Economics in Shaping the Evolution of a Technology' -- 15 Scaling Clean Energy for Data Centres: Trends, Problems, Solutions -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Energy Use in Data Centres -- 15.2.1 Utilisation -- 15.2.2 Virtualisation -- 15.3 Facility Types and Energy Consequences -- 15.4 Metrics and Measurement -- 15.5 Twin Solutions: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Generation -- 15.5.1 The Case for Efficiency -- 15.5.2 Efficiency Gains in Cooling Technologies -- 15.5.3 PUE Innovation -- 15.5.4 The Case for Renewable Power in Data Centres -- 15.6 Data Centre Siting -- 15.6.1 The Opportunity of Site Selection -- 15.6.2 Limitations to Siting -- 15.6.3 Conflict and Change: Grid Interface and Policy Influence -- 15.7 Achieving Scale -- 15.8 References -- 15.9 Response to 'Scaling Clean Energy for Data Centres' - A History and Policy Perspective -- 16 Public Participation in the Context of Energy Activities: The Role of the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 The Aarhus Convention, an Instrument of Energy Governance -- 16.3 The Aarhus Compliance Committee and Its Case Law on Energy -- 16.3.1 Case Study 1 - Construction of a Nuclear Power Station -- 16.3.2 Case Study 2 - Design of a Renewable Energy Policy -- 16.3.3 Assessment -- 16.4 International Law and the Democratisation of Energy Policies -- 16.5 Conclusions -- 16.6 Response to 'Public Participation in the Context of Energy Activities: The Role of the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee' -- 16.6.1 References. , 17 Biofuel Energy, Ancestral Time and the Destruction of Borneo: An Ethical Perspective -- 17.1 Bibliography -- 17.2 Works Cited -- 17.3 Response to 'Biofuel Energy, Ancestral Time and the Destruction of Borneo: An Ethical Perspective' -- 17.3.1 References -- 18 From Inspiration to Implementation: Laudato Si', Public Theology and the Demands of Energy Policy -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Laudato Si' on the Ecological Crisis -- 18.3 A Theology of Interconnectedness -- 18.4 Ecological Crisis and Societal Structure: 'Integral Ecology' -- 18.5 Minding the Gap: Technology, the Market and the State -- 18.5.1 Technology -- 18.5.2 The Market -- 18.5.3 The State -- 18.5.4 Challenges Ahead -- 18.6 References -- 18.7 Response to 'From Inspiration to Implementation: Laudato Si', Public Theology and the Demands of Energy Policy' -- Part III Multidisciplinary Cases -- 19 Introduction to Multidisciplinary Approaches -- 19.1 Two Teams, Two Universities and Two Countries -- 19.2 Five Disciplines Across One University -- 20 A Comparative Study of Air Pollution Trends in Historical London and Contemporary Beijing -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 London 1950-1966 -- 20.2.1 Air Pollution Trends 1950-1966 -- 20.2.2 Socio-economic and Energy Landscape -- 20.2.3 Regulatory and Policy Landscape -- 20.3 Beijing 2000-2016 -- 20.3.1 Air Pollution Trends 2000-2016 -- 20.3.2 Socio-economic, Energy and Transport Landscape -- 20.3.3 Regulatory and Policy Landscape -- 20.4 Comparing the Air Pollution Trends and the Socio-economic and Regulatory Landscape in Historical London and Contemporary Beijing -- 20.5 Conclusions and Policy Implications -- 20.6 References -- 21 The Power of Siberia: A Eurasian Pipeline Policy 'Good' for Whom? -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Geopolitical Considerations -- 21.3 Regional Geopolitical Considerations, Russia and Europe. , 21.3.1 Regional Geopolitical Considerations for China.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 1-108-45546-8

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 1-108-48116-7

Sprache: Englisch

Fachgebiete: Politologie , Soziologie

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108639439

URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108639439