UID:
almafu_9959329043402883
Format:
1 online resource
ISBN:
9781118693667
,
1118693663
,
9781118693612
,
1118693612
,
9781118693643
,
1118693647
,
1119973279
,
9781119973270
Content:
"Biomass is a key resource for meeting the energy and material demands of mankind in the future. As a result, businesses and technologies are developing around biomass processing and its applications. Transformation of Biomass: Theory to Practice explores the modern applications of biomass and bio-based residues for the generation of energy, heat and chemical products. The first chapter presents readers with a broad overview of biomass and its composition, conversion routes and products. The following chapters deal with specific technologies, including anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis and gasification, as well as hydrothermal and supercritical conversion. Each chapter details current practises, recent developments, business case models and comprehensive analysis of the problems associated with each approach, and how to optimize them. Topics covered include: Anaerobic digestion Reactor design Pyrolysis Catalysis in biomass transformation Engines for combined heat and power Influence of feedstocks on performance and products Bio-hydrogen from biomass Analysis of bio-oils Numerical simulation and formal kinetic parameters evaluation Business case development This textbook will provide students, researchers and industry professionals with a practical and accessible guide to the essential skills required to advance in the field of bioenergy"--
Content:
"Transformation of Biomass: Theory to Practice explores the modern applications of biomass and bio-based residues for the generation of energy, heat and chemical products"--
Note:
1. Biomass, Conversion Routes and Products -- An Overview / Pravakar Mohanty -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Features of the Different Generations of Biomass -- 1.3. Analysis of Biomass -- 1.3.1. Proximate and Ultimate Analysis of Biomass -- 1.3.2. Inorganic Minerals' Ash Content and Properties -- 1.4. Biomass Conversion Routes -- 1.4.1. Pyrolysis -- 1.5. Bio-Oil Characteristics and Biochar -- 1.6. Scope of Pyrolysis Process Control and Yield Ranges -- 1.6.1. Moisture Content -- 1.6.2. Feed Particle Size -- 1.6.3. Effect of Temperature on Product Distribution -- 1.6.4. Solid Residence Time -- 1.6.5. Gas Environment -- 1.6.6. Effect of Pressure on Product Distribution -- 1.7. Catalytic Bio-Oil Upgradation -- 1.8. Bio-Oil Reforming -- 1.9. Sub and Supercritical Water Hydrolysis and Gasification -- 1.9.1. Biochemical Conversion Routes -- 1.9.2. Microorganisms for Fermentation -- 1.9.3. Integrating the Bioprocess -- Questions -- References.
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2. Anaerobic Digestion / Matthias Franke -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.1.1. Microbiology of Anaerobic Digestion -- 2.1.2. Key Phases -- 2.1.3. Influence Factors on the AD -- 2.1.4. Sources of Biomass Utilised in AD -- 2.1.5. Characteristics of Biomass -- 2.1.6. Pre-Treatment of Biomass -- 2.1.7. Products of Anaerobic Digestion -- 2.1.8. Anaerobic Treatment Technology -- Questions -- References -- 3. Reactor Design and Its Impact on Performance and Products / Yassir T. Makkawi -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Thermochemical Conversion Reactors -- 3.2.1. Types of Reactors -- 3.3. Design Considerations -- 3.3.1. Hydrodynamics -- 3.3.2. Residence Time -- 3.3.3. Distributor Plate and Cyclone -- 3.3.4. Heat Transfer Mechanisms -- 3.3.5. Biomass Conversion Efficiency -- 3.4. Reactions and their Impact on the Products -- 3.4.1. Devolatization and Pyrolysis -- 3.4.2. Gasification -- 3.5. Mass and Energy Balance -- 3.5.1. Mass Balance -- 3.5.2. Energy Balance.
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3.6. Reactor Sizing and Configuration -- 3.7. Reactor Performance and Products -- 3.7.1. Moving Beds -- 3.7.2. Fluidized Bed (FB) -- 3.8. New Reactor Design and Performance -- Nomenclature -- Greek Symbols -- Questions -- References -- 4. Pyrolysis / Andreas Hornung -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. How Pyrolysis Reactors Differ -- 4.3. Fast Pyrolysis -- 4.4. Fast Pyrolysis Reactors -- 4.4.1. Bubbling Fluid Bed Reactor -- 4.4.2. Circulating Fluid Bed Reactor -- 4.4.3. Ablative Pyrolysis Reactor -- 4.4.4. Twin Screw Reactor -- Mechanical Fluidised Bed -- 4.4.5. Rotating Cone -- 4.5. Intermediate Pyrolysis -- 4.5.1. Principles -- 4.5.2. Process Technology -- 4.6. Slow Pyrolysis -- 4.6.1. Principles -- 4.6.2. Process Technology -- 4.7.Comparison of Different Pyrolysis Techniques -- 4.8. Future Directions -- 4.9. Pyrolysis in Application -- 4.9.1. Haloclean Pyrolysis and Gasification of Straw -- 4.10. Pyrolysis of Low Grade Biomass Using the Pyroformer Technology -- Questions.
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6.6.1. Principles of Reactor Design -- 6.6.2. Two Competing Designs -- 6.7. Open-Top Dual Air Entry Reaction Design -- the IISc's Invention -- 6.8. Technology Package -- 6.8.1. Typical Performance of a Power Generation Package -- 6.8.2. Engine and Generator Performance -- Questions -- Reference -- 7. Engines for Combined Heat and Power / Andreas Hornung -- 7.1. Spark-Ignited Gas Engines and Syngas -- 7.2. Dual-Fuel Engines and Biofuels -- 7.3. Advanced Systems: Biowaste Derived Pyrolysis Oils for Diesel Engine Application -- 7.3.1. Important Parameters to Qualify the Oil as Fuel -- 7.4. Advanced CHP Application: Dual-Fuel Engine Application for CHP Using Pyrolysis Oil and Pyrolysis Gas from Deinking-Sludge -- 7.4.1. Fuel Properties: Deinking Sludge Pyrolysis Oil, Biodiesel, Blends and Fossil Diesel -- 7.4.2.Combustion Characteristics -- 7.4.3. Conclusions -- Questions -- References -- 8. Hydrothermal Liquefaction -- Upgrading / Gokcen Akgul -- 8.1. Introduction.
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8.1.1. Product Properties -- 8.2. Chemistry of Hydrothermal Liquefaction -- 8.3. Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Carbohydrates -- 8.4. Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignin -- 8.5. Technical Application -- 8.6. Conclusion -- Questions -- References -- 9. Supercritical Conversion of Biomass / Gokcen Akgul -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Supercritical Water Gasification -- 9.3. Supercritical Water Oxidation -- 9.4. Water -- Gas Shift Reaction under the Supercritical Conditions -- 9.5. Catalysts in the Supercritical Processes -- 9.5.1. Alkali Salts in the Supercritical Water -- 9.6. The Solubilities of Gases in the Supercritical Water -- 9.7. Fugacities of Gases in the Supercritical Water -- 9.8. Mechanism of the Supercritical Water Gasification -- 9.9. Corrosion in the Supercritical Water -- 9.10. Advantages of the Supercritical Conversion of Biomass -- 9.11. Conclusion -- Questions -- References.
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10. Influence of Feedstocks on Performance and Products of Processes / Andreas Hornung -- 10.1. Humidity of Feedstocks -- 10.2. Heteroatoms in Feedstocks -- References -- 11. Integrated Processes Including Intermediate Pyrolysis / Andreas Hornung -- 11.1. Coupling of Anaerobic Digestion, Pyrolysis and Gasification -- 11.2. Intermediate Pyrolysis, CHP in Combination with Combustion -- 11.3. Integration of Intermediate Pyrolysis with Anaerobic Digestion and CHP -- 11.4. Pyrolysis Reforming -- 11.5. The BIOBATTERY -- 11.6. Pyrolysis BAF Application -- 11.7. Birmingham 2026 -- 11.8. Conclusion -- References -- 12. Bio-Hydrogen from Biomass / Andreas Hornung -- 12.1. World Hydrogen Production -- 12.2. Bio-hydrogen -- 12.3. Routes to Hydrogen -- 12.3.1. Steam Reforming -- 12.3.2. Reforming -- 12.3.3. Water Electrolysis -- 12.3.4. Gasification -- 12.3.5. Fermentation -- 12.4. Costs of Hydrogen -- 12.5. Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading.
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13. Analysis of Bio-Oils / Michael Windt -- 13.1. Definition -- 13.2. Introduction -- 13.3. General Aspects -- 13.3.1. Before Analysis -- 13.3.2. Significance of Bio-Oil Analysis -- 13.3.3. Post-Processing Reactions -- 13.3.4. Overall Composition -- 13.4. Whole Oil Analyses -- 13.4.1. Gas Chromatography -- 13.4.2. NMR -- 13.4.3. FTIR -- 13.4.4. SEC -- 13.5. Fractionation Techniques -- 13.5.1. Addition of Water -- 13.5.2. Removal of Water (Lyophilization) -- 13.5.3. Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) -- 13.5.4. Solvent Partition -- 13.5.5. Distillation -- Questions -- References -- 14. Formal Kinetic Parameters -- Problems and Solutions in Deriving Proper Values / Andreas Hornung -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Chemical Kinetics on Thermal Decomposition of Biomass -- 14.3. Kinetic Evaluation Methods -- 14.4. Experimental Kinetic Analysis Techniques -- 14.5.Complex Reaction -- 14.6. Variation in Kinetic Parameters -- 14.6.1. Kinetic Compensation Effect -- 14.6.2. Thermal Lag.
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14.6.3. Influence of Experimental Conditions -- 14.6.4.Computational Methods -- 14.7. Case Study: Kinetic Analysis of Lignocellulosic Derived Materials under Isothermal Conditions -- 14.7.1. Instrument and Operating Conditions -- 14.7.2. Kinetic Evaluation Procedure -- 14.7.3. Formal Kinetic Parameters and Some Technical Applications -- 14.8. Conclusion -- Nomenclature -- Subscripts -- Miscellaneous -- Questions -- References -- 15. Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Degradation of Biomass -- Approaches and Simplifications / Istvan Marsi -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. Kinetic Schemes Applied in Complex Models -- 15.2.1. One-Step Global Models -- 15.2.2.Competing Models -- 15.2.3. Parallel Reaction Models -- 15.2.4. The Broido -- Shafizadeh Mechanism -- 15.2.5. The Koufopanos Mechanism -- 15.2.6. The Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM) -- 15.3. Thermal Aspects of Biomass Degradation Modeling -- 15.3.1. Single-Particle Models -- 15.3.2. Particles in Bed Models.
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15.4. Conclusion -- Questions -- Nomenclature -- Symbols -- Greek -- Indices -- References -- 16. Business Case Development / Sudhakar Sagi -- 16.1. Introduction -- 16.2. Biomass for Power Generation and CHP -- 16.3. Business Perspective -- 16.3.1. Background -- 16.4. The Role of Business Models -- 16.4.1. The Market Map Framework -- 16.5. Financial Model Based on Intermediate Pyrolysis Technology -- 16.5.1. Pelletisation Process -- 16.5.2. Pyrolysis Unit -- References -- 17. Production of Biochar and Activated Carbon via Intermediate Pyrolysis -- Recent Studies for Non-Woody Biomass / Elisabeth Schroder -- 17.1. Biochar -- 17.1.1. Introduction -- 17.1.2. Biochar and its Application in the Field -- References -- Further Reading -- 17.2. Activated Carbon -- 17.2.1. Introduction -- 17.2.2. Biomass Properties -- 17.2.3. Activation of Biochar -- 17.2.4. Formation of Granular Activated Carbon -- References.
Additional Edition:
Print version: Transformation of biomass. Chichester, West Sussex ; Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2014 ISBN 9781119973270
Language:
English
Keywords:
Electronic books.
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Electronic books.
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Electronic books.
URL:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118693643
URL:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118693643
URL:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118693643
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