Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (1203 pages)

Edition: 3

ISBN: 9783836291668

Note: Intro -- Vorwort -- Grußwort -- TEIL I Einführung und Tools -- 1 Einführung -- 1.1 Hacking -- 1.2 Sicherheit -- 1.3 Exploits -- 1.4 Authentifizierung und Passwörter -- 1.5 Sicherheitsrisiko IPv6 -- 1.6 Gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen -- 1.7 Security-Organisationen und staatliche Einrichtungen -- 2 Kali Linux -- 2.1 Kali Linux Live ohne Installation ausprobieren -- 2.2 Kali Linux in VirtualBox installieren -- 2.3 Kali Linux und Hyper-V -- 2.4 Kali Linux im Windows-Subsystem für Linux -- 2.5 Kali Linux auf dem Raspberry Pi -- 2.6 Kali Linux auf Apple-PCs mit ARM-CPU ausführen -- 2.7 Einfache Anwendungsbeispiele -- 2.8 Kali-Interna -- 3 Lernumgebung einrichten (Metasploitable, Juice Shop) -- 3.1 Metasploitable 2 -- 3.2 Metasploitable 3 (Ubuntu-Variante) -- 3.3 Metasploitable 3 (Windows-Variante) -- 3.4 Juice Shop -- 4 Hacking-Tools -- 4.1 nmap -- 4.2 hydra -- 4.3 sslyze, sslscan und testssl -- 4.4 whois, host und dig -- 4.5 Wireshark -- 4.6 tcpdump -- 4.7 Netcat (nc) -- 4.8 OpenVAS -- 4.9 Metasploit Framework -- 4.10 Empire Framework -- 4.11 Das Post-Exploitation-Framework Koadic -- 4.12 Social-Engineer Toolkit (SET) -- 4.13 Burp Suite -- 4.14 Sliver -- TEIL II Hacking und Absicherung -- 5 Offline Hacking -- 5.1 BIOS/EFI-Grundlagen -- 5.2 Auf fremde Systeme zugreifen -- 5.3 Auf externe Festplatten oder SSDs zugreifen -- 5.4 Windows-Passwort zurücksetzen -- 5.5 Linux- und macOS-Passwort zurücksetzen -- 5.6 Datenträger verschlüsseln -- 6 Passwörter -- 6.1 Hash-Verfahren -- 6.2 Brute-Force Password Cracking -- 6.3 Rainbow Tables -- 6.4 Wörterbuch-Attacken -- 6.5 Passworttools -- 6.6 Default-Passwörter -- 6.7 Data Breaches -- 6.8 Multi-Faktor-Authentifizierung -- 6.9 Sicheres Passwort-Handling implementieren -- 7 IT-Forensik -- 7.1 Methodische Analyse von Vorfällen -- 7.2 Post-Mortem-Untersuchung -- 7.3 Live-Analyse -- 7.4 Forensic Readiness , 7.5 Zusammenfassung -- 8 WLAN, Bluetooth und SDR -- 8.1 802.11x-Systeme (WiFi) -- 8.2 WPA-2-Handshakes mit dem Pwnagotchi einsammeln -- 8.3 Bluetooth -- 8.4 Software-Defined Radios (SDR) -- 9 Angriffsvektor USB-Schnittstelle -- 9.1 USB-Rubber-Ducky -- 9.2 Digispark - ein Wolf im Schafspelz -- 9.3 Bash Bunny -- 9.4 P4wnP1 - das Universaltalent -- 9.5 MalDuino W -- 9.6 GegenmaT1ss nahmen -- 10 Externe Sicherheitsüberprüfungen -- 10.1 Gründe für professionelle Überprüfungen -- 10.2 Typen von Sicherheitsüberprüfungen -- 10.3 Rechtliche Absicherung -- 10.4 Zielsetzung und Abgrenzung -- 10.5 Methodologien zur Durchführung -- 10.6 Reporting -- 10.7 Auswahl des richtigen Anbieters -- 11 Penetration-Testing -- 11.1 Informationssammlung -- 11.2 Initialer Zugriff mit Codeausführung -- 11.3 Scanning von interessanten Zielen -- 11.4 Suche nach bekannten Schwachstellen mit nmap -- 11.5 Bekannte Schwachstellen mit Metasploit ausnutzen -- 11.6 Angriff über bekannte oder schwache Passwörter -- 11.7 E-Mail-Phishing-Kampagnen für Unternehmen -- 11.8 Phishing-Angriffe mit Office-Makros -- 11.9 Phishing-Angriffe mit ISO- und ZIP-Dateien -- 11.10 Angriffsvektor USB-Phishing -- 11.11 Network Access Control (NAC) und 802.1X in lokalen Netzwerken -- 11.12 Rechteerweiterung am System -- 11.13 Sammeln von Zugangsdaten und -Tokens -- 11.14 SMB-Relaying-Angriff auf normale Domänenbenutzer -- 12 Windows Server absichern -- 12.1 Lokale Benutzer, Gruppen und Rechte -- 12.2 Manipulationen am Dateisystem -- 12.3 Serverhärtung -- 12.4 Microsoft Defender -- 12.5 Windows-Firewall -- 12.6 Windows-Ereignisanzeige -- 13 Active Directory -- 13.1 Was ist das Active Directory? -- 13.2 Manipulation der Active-Directory-Datenbank bzw. ihrer Daten -- 13.3 Manipulation von Gruppenrichtlinien -- 13.4 Domänenauthentifizierung (Kerberos) , 13.5 Angriffe gegen die Authentifizierungsprotokolle und LDAP -- 13.6 Pass-the-Hash-Angriffe (mimikatz) -- 13.7 Golden Ticket und Silver Ticket -- 13.8 Sensible Information aus der Active-Directory-Datenbank auslesen -- 13.9 Grundabsicherung -- 13.10 Mehr Sicherheit durch Tiers (Schichten) -- 13.11 SchutzmaT1ss nahmen gegen Pass-the-Hash- und Pass-the-Ticket-Angriffe -- 14 Linux absichern -- 14.1 Installation -- 14.2 Software-Updates -- 14.3 Kernel-Updates (Live Patches) -- 14.4 SSH absichern -- 14.5 2FA mit Google Authenticator -- 14.6 2FA mit YubiKey -- 14.7 Fail2ban -- 14.8 Firewall -- 14.9 SELinux -- 14.10 AppArmor -- 14.11 Kernel Hardening -- 14.12 Apache -- 14.13 MySQL und MariaDB -- 14.14 Postfix -- 14.15 Dovecot -- 14.16 Rootkit-Erkennung und Intrusion Detection -- 15 Sicherheit bei Samba-Fileservern -- 15.1 Vorüberlegungen -- 15.2 CentOS-Basisinstallation -- 15.3 Debian-Basisinstallation -- 15.4 Konfiguration des Samba-Servers -- 15.5 Samba-Server im Active Directory -- 15.6 Freigaben auf dem Samba-Server -- 15.7 Umstellung auf die Registry -- 15.8 Samba-Audit-Funktionen -- 15.9 Firewall -- 15.10 Angriffsszenarien auf Samba-Fileserver -- 15.11 Prüfen von Samba-Fileservern -- 16 Intrusion-Detection-Systeme -- 16.1 Verfahren zur Intrusion Detection -- 16.2 Host- versus netzwerkbasierte IDS -- 16.3 Reaktionen -- 16.4 IDS umgehen und manipulieren -- 16.5 Snort -- 16.6 Snort-Regeln -- 17 Sicherheit von Webanwendungen -- 17.1 Architektur von Webapplikationen -- 17.2 Angriffe gegen Webanwendungen -- 17.3 Praktische Analyse einer Webanwendung -- 17.4 Schutzmechanismen und Abwehr von Webangriffen -- 17.5 Sicherheitsanalyse von Webanwendungen -- 18 Software-Exploitation -- 18.1 Schwachstellen von Software -- 18.2 Aufdecken von Sicherheitslücken -- 18.3 Programmausführung auf x86-Systemen -- 18.4 Ausnutzung von Buffer-Overflows , 18.5 Structured Exception Handling (SEH) -- 18.6 Heap Spraying -- 18.7 Schutzmechanismen gegen Buffer-Overflows -- 18.8 SchutzmaT1ss nahmen gegen Buffer-Overflows umgehen -- 18.9 Buffer-Overflows als Entwickler verhindern -- 18.10 Spectre und Meltdown -- 19 Bug-Bounty-Programme -- 19.1 Die Idee hinter Bug Bounties -- 19.2 Reporting von Schwachstellen -- 19.3 Tipps & -- Tricks für Analysten -- 19.4 Tipps für Unternehmen -- TEIL III Cloud, Smartphones, IoT -- 20 Sicherheit in der Cloud -- 20.1 Überblick -- 20.2 Amazon S3 -- 20.3 Nextcloud/ownCloud -- 21 Microsoft 365 absichern -- 21.1 Identitäten und Zugriffsverwaltung -- 21.2 Sicherheitsbewertung -- 21.3 Mehrstufige Authentifizierung -- 21.4 Bedingter Zugriff -- 21.5 Identity Protection -- 21.6 Privileged Identities -- 21.7 Schadcode-Erkennung -- 21.8 Sicherheit in den Rechenzentren -- 22 Mobile Security -- 22.1 Sicherheitsgrundlagen von Android und iOS -- 22.2 Bedrohungen von mobilen Endgeräten -- 22.3 Malware und Exploits -- 22.4 Technische Analyse von Apps -- 22.5 SchutzmaT1ss nahmen für Android und iOS -- 22.6 Apple Supervised Mode und Apple Configurator -- 22.7 Enterprise Mobility Management -- 23 IoT-Sicherheit -- 23.1 Was ist das Internet der Dinge? -- 23.2 IoT-Schwachstellen finden -- 23.3 Absicherung von IoT-Geräten in Netzwerken -- 23.4 IoT-Protokolle und -Dienste -- 23.5 IoT-Funktechniken -- 23.6 IoT aus Entwicklersicht -- 23.7 Programmiersprachen für Embedded Controller -- 23.8 Regeln für die sichere IoT-Programmierung -- Die Autoren -- Index

Additional Edition: Print version: Kofler, Michael Hacking & Security Bonn : Rheinwerk Verlag,c2022 ISBN 9783836291644

Keywords: Electronic books.

URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/th-brandenburg/detail.action?docID=7152444

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (488 pages)

Edition: 2

ISBN: 9783960889113

Series Statement: Programmieren mit JavaScript

Note: Intro -- Inhaltsübersicht -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Einleitung -- Teil I: Die Sprache -- Kapitel 1: Werte, Typen und Operatoren -- 1.1 Werte -- 1.2 Zahlen -- 1.3 Strings -- 1.4 Unäre Operatoren -- 1.5 Boolesche Werte -- 1.6 Leere Werte -- 1.7 Automatische Typumwandlung -- 1.8 Zusammenfassung -- Kapitel 2: Programmstruktur -- 2.1 Ausdrücke und Anweisungen -- 2.2 Bindungen -- 2.3 Namen von Bindungen -- 2.4 Die Umgebung -- 2.5 Funktionen -- 2.6 Die Funktion console.log -- 2.7 Rückgabewerte -- 2.8 Ablaufsteuerung -- 2.9 Bedingte Ausführung -- 2.10 While- und do-Schleifen -- 2.11 Einrückungen -- 2.12 for-Schleifen -- 2.13 Eine Schleife abbrechen -- 2.14  Kurzschreibweisen für die Aktualisierung von Bindungen -- 2.15 Werte mithilfe von switch auswählen -- 2.16 Groß- und Kleinschreibung -- 2.17 Kommentare -- 2.18 Zusammenfassung -- 2.19 Übungsaufgaben -- Kapitel 3: Funktionen -- 3.1 Funktionen definieren -- 3.2 Gültigkeitsbereiche von Bindungen -- 3.3 Funktionen als Werte -- 3.4 Schreibweise von Deklarationen -- 3.5 Pfeilfunktionen -- 3.6 Der Aufrufstack -- 3.7 Optionale Argumente -- 3.8 Closures -- 3.9 Rekursion -- 3.10 Funktionen einführen -- 3.11 Seiteneffekte -- 3.12 Zusammenfassung -- 3.13 Übungen -- Kapitel: 4 Datenstrukturen: Objekte und Arrays -- 4.1 Das Wereichhörnchen -- 4.2 Datenmengen -- 4.3 Eigenschaften -- 4.4 Methoden -- 4.5 Objekte -- 4.6 Veränderbarkeit -- 4.7 Das Tagebuch des Wereichhörnchens -- 4.8 Korrelationen berechnen -- 4.9 Array-Schleifen -- 4.10 Die endgültige Analyse -- 4.11 Arrayologie für Fortgeschrittene -- 4.12 Eigenschaften von Strings -- 4.13 Restparameter -- 4.14 Das Objekt Math -- 4.15 Zerlegung -- 4.16 JSON -- 4.17 Zusammenfassung -- 4.18 Übungen -- Kapitel: 5 Funktionen höherer Ordnung -- 5.1 Abstraktion -- 5.2 Wiederholungen abstrahieren -- 5.3 Funktionen höherer Ordnung -- 5.4 Die Schriftbeispieldaten , 5.5 Arrays filtern -- 5.6 Transformationen mit map -- 5.7 Zusammenfassungen mit reduce -- 5.8 Komponierbarkeit -- 5.9 Strings und Zeichencodes -- 5.10 Text erkennen -- 5.11 Zusammenfassung -- 5.12 Übungen -- Kapitel: 6 Das geheime Leben der Objekte -- 6.1 Kapselung -- 6.2 Methoden -- 6.3 Prototypen -- 6.4 Klassen -- 6.5 Klassenschreibweise -- 6.6 Abgeleitete Eigenschaften überschreiben -- 6.7 Maps -- 6.8 Polymorphismus -- 6.9 Symbole -- 6.10 Die Iteratorschnittstelle -- 6.11 Get-, Set- und statische Methoden -- 6.12 Vererbung -- 6.13 Der Operator instanceof -- 6.14 Zusammenfassung -- 6.15 Übungen -- Kapitel: 7 Projekt: Ein Roboter -- 7.1 Meadowfield -- 7.2 Die Aufgabe -- 7.3 Persistente Daten -- 7.4 Simulation -- 7.5 Die Route des Postautos -- 7.6 Routen finden -- 7.7 Übungen -- Kapitel: 8 Bugs und Fehler -- 8.1 Die Rolle der Sprache -- 8.2 Strikter Modus -- 8.3 Typen -- 8.4 Tests -- 8.5 Debugging -- 8.6 Fehlerweiterleitung -- 8.7 Ausnahmen -- 8.8 Aufräumen nach Ausnahmen -- 8.9 Selektives Abfangen von Ausnahmen -- 8.10 Assertions -- 8.11 Zusammenfassung -- 8.12 Übungen -- Kapitel: 9 Reguläre Ausdrücke -- 9.1 Reguläre Ausdrücke erstellen -- 9.2 Auf Übereinstimmungen prüfen -- 9.3 Mengen von Zeichen -- 9.4 Teile eines Musters wiederholen -- 9.5 Teilausdrücke gruppieren -- 9.6 Übereinstimmungen und Gruppen -- 9.7 Die Klasse Date -- 9.8 Wort- und String-Grenzen -- 9.9 Alternative Muster -- 9.10 Der Vergleichsmechanismus -- 9.11 Rückverfolgung -- 9.12 Die Methode replace -- 9.13 Gierige Operatoren -- 9.14 RegExp-Objekte dynamisch erstellen -- 9.15 Die Methode search -- 9.16 Die Eigenschaft lastIndex -- 9.17 Eine INI-Datei analysieren -- 9.18 Internationale Zeichen -- 9.19 Zusammenfassung -- 9.20 Übungen -- Kapitel: 10 Module -- 10.1 Module als Bausteine -- 10.2 Pakete -- 10.3 Module -- 10.4 Daten als Code auswerten -- 10.5 CommonJS , 10.6 ECMAScript-Module -- 10.7 Compiler, Bundler und Minifier -- 10.8 Moduldesign -- 10.9 Zusammenfassung -- 10.10 Übungen -- Kapitel: 11 Asynchrone Programmierung -- 11.1 Asynchronität -- 11.2 Crow Tech -- 11.3 Callbacks -- 11.4 Promises -- 11.5 Fehlschläge -- 11.6 Netzwerke sind schwierig -- 11.7 Kombinationen von Promises -- 11.8 Flooding -- 11.9 Nachrichtenrouting -- 11.10 Async-Funktionen -- 11.11 Generatoren -- 11.12 Die Ereignisschleife -- 11.13 Asynchronitätsbugs -- 11.14 Zusammenfassung -- 11.15 Übungen -- Kapitel: 12 Projekt: Eine Programmiersprache -- 12.1 Der Parser -- 12.2 Der Evaluierer -- 12.3 Sonderformen -- 12.4 Die Umgebung -- 12.5 Funktionen -- 12.6 Kompilierung -- 12.7 Schummeln -- 12.8 Übungen -- Teil II: Der Browser -- Kapitel: 13 JavaScript im Browser -- 13.1 Netzwerke und das Internet -- 13.2 Das Web -- 13.3 HTML -- 13.4 HTML und JavaScript -- 13.5 Ausführung in einer Sandbox -- 13.6  Die Browserkriege und das Problem der Kompatibilität -- Kapitel: 14 DOM (Document Object Model) -- 14.1 Die Dokumentstruktur -- 14.2 Bäume -- 14.3 Der Standard -- 14.4 Den Baum durchlaufen -- 14.5 Elemente finden -- 14.6 Das Dokument ändern -- 14.7 Knoten erstellen -- 14.8 Attribute -- 14.9 Layout -- 14.10 Formatierung -- 14.11 CSS -- 14.12 Abfrageselektoren -- 14.13 Positionierung und Animation -- 14.14 Zusammenfassung -- 14.15 Übungen -- Kapitel: 15 Umgang mit Ereignissen -- 15.1 Ereignis-Handler -- 15.2 Ereignisse und DOM-Knoten -- 15.3 Ereignisobjekte -- 15.4 Weiterleitung -- 15.5 Standardaktionen -- 15.6 Tastaturereignisse -- 15.7 Zeigeereignisse -- 15.8 Scrollereignisse -- 15.9 Fokusereignisse -- 15.10 Ladeereignisse -- 15.11 Ereignisse und die Ereignisschleife -- 15.12 Timer -- 15.13 Entprellen -- 15.14 Zusammenfassung -- 15.15 Übungen -- Kapitel: 16 Projekt: Ein Jump'n'Run-Spiel -- 16.1 Das Spiel -- 16.2 Die Technologie -- 16.3 Levels , 16.4 Ein Level lesen -- 16.5 Akteure -- 16.6 Kapselung als zusätzliche Belastung -- 16.7 Zeichnen -- 16.8 Bewegungen und Kollisionen -- 16.9 Akteure aktualisieren -- 16.10 Tastenbetätigungen verfolgen -- 16.11 Das Spiel ausführen -- 16.12 Übungen -- Kapitel: 17 Zeichnen auf Leinwand -- 17.1 SVG -- 17.2 Das Canvas-Element -- 17.3 Linien und Flächen -- 17.4 Pfade -- 17.5 Kurven -- 17.6 Ein Tortendiagramm zeichnen -- 17.7 Text -- 17.8 Bilder -- 17.9 Transformationen -- 17.10 Transformationen speichern und löschen -- 17.11 Zurück zu unserem Spiel -- 17.12 Auswahl einer Grafikschnittstelle -- 17.13 Zusammenfassung -- 17.14 Übungen -- Kapitel: 18 HTTP und Formulare -- 18.1 Das Protokoll -- 18.2 Browser und HTTP -- 18.3 Fetch -- 18.4 HTTP-Sandboxing -- 18.5 Die Möglichkeiten von HTTP nutzen -- 18.6 Sicherheit durch HTTPS -- 18.7 Formularfelder -- 18.8 Fokus -- 18.9 Deaktivierte Felder -- 18.10 Das Formular als Ganzes -- 18.11 Textfelder -- 18.12 Kontrollkästchen und Optionsschalter -- 18.13 Auswahlfelder -- 18.14 Dateifelder -- 18.15 Clientseitige Datenspeicherung -- 18.16 Zusammenfassung -- 18.17 Übungen -- Kapitel: 19 Projekt: Editor für Pixelgrafiken -- 19.1 Komponenten -- 19.2 Der Status -- 19.3 Aufbau des DOM -- 19.4 Die Leinwand -- 19.5 Die Anwendung -- 19.6 Zeichenwerkzeuge -- 19.7 Speichern und Laden -- 19.8 Der Undo-Verlauf -- 19.9 Die Anwendung einrichten -- 19.10 Warum ist das so schwer? -- 19.11 Übungen -- Teil III: Node.js -- Kapitel: 20 Einführung in Node.js -- 20.1 Hintergrund -- 20.2 Der Befehl node -- 20.3 Module -- 20.4 Installation mit NPM -- 20.5 Das Dateisystemmodul -- 20.6 Das HTTP-Modul -- 20.7 Streams -- 20.8 Ein Dateiserver -- 20.9 Zusammenfassung -- 20.10 Übungen -- Kapitel: 21 Projekt: Eine Website zur ­Wissensvermittlung -- 21.1 Design -- 21.2 Long Polling -- 21.3 Die HTTP-Schnittstelle -- 21.4 Der Server -- 21.5 Der Client , 21.6 Übungen -- Kapitel: 22 Leistung -- 22.1 Stufenweise Kompilierung -- 22.2 Graphzeichnen -- 22.3 Definition eines Graphen -- 22.4 Kräftebasiertes Graphzeichnen -- 22.5 Arbeit vermeiden -- 22.6 Profiling -- 22.7 Inline-Ersetzung -- 22.8 Weniger überflüssige Objekte erzeugen -- 22.9 Garbage Collection -- 22.10 Dynamische Typen -- 22.11 Zusammenfassung -- 22.12 Übungen -- Hinweise zu den Übungen -- Stichwortverzeichnis

Additional Edition: Print version: Haverbeke, Marijn JavaScript Heidelberg : dpunkt.verlag,c2019 ISBN 9783864907289

Keywords: Electronic books.

URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/th-brandenburg/detail.action?docID=5993333

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (634 pages)

Edition: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 9780199862719 , 9780199389520

Content: Examines the genesis of tranportation policy in the US and UK, in relation to how transportation systems are deployed and become mature

Note: Cover -- The Transportation Experience -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Wave One: 1790-1851 -- 1 Rivers of Steam -- 1.1 Steam Boats and Stream Boats -- 1.2 The Steam Engine -- 1.3 Bridgewater -- 1.4 Erie and Emulation: Canals in the United States -- 1.5 France in America: The US Army Corps of Engineers -- 1.5.1 OHIO-MISSISSIPPI RIVER SYSTEM -- 1.5.2 KENTUCKY RIVER -- 1.5.3 TENN-TOM -- 1.6 Discussion -- 2 Design by Design: The Birth of the Railway -- 2.1 Plateways to Railways -- 2.2 Profile: Richard Trevithick -- 2.3 Profile: George Stephenson -- 2.4 Stretching the State of the Art -- 2.5 Design by Design -- 2.6 Defining the Railway -- 2.7 Discussion -- 3 Incentivizing Investment: Roads through the Turnpike Era -- 3.1 Steam Cars -- 3.2 From Trails to Roads -- 3.3 The Corvée -- 3.3.1 THE CORVÉE IN ENGLAND -- 3.3.2 THE HEART OF MIDLOTHIAN -- 3.3.3 THE CORVÉE IN FRANCE -- 3.3.4 THE BEGAR IN SOUTH ASIA -- 3.3.5 THE CORVÉE IN JAPAN -- 3.4 Profile: John Loudon McAdam -- 3.5 Profile: Thomas Telford -- 3.6 Stagecoach -- 3.7 Turnpike Trusts -- 3.8 Turnpike Companies -- 3.9 Plank Roads -- 3.10 Mail and the Gospel of Speed -- 3.11 Fin de Siècle -- 3.12 Discussion -- 2 Phase I of the Life-cycle -- 4 Inventing and Innovating -- 4.1 There Are Multiple Models for Innovation and Invention -- 4.2 Essential Knowledge May Follow Innovation -- 4.3 Technology Progresses with Building Blocks -- 4.4 Patents May Constrain Innovation -- 4.5 Innovation Requires an Adequate Design Serving the Right Market Niche -- 4.6 Policies May Be Forged to Aid Infant Industries -- 4.7 The Potential for Improvements as the Predominant Technology Emerges Is Critical -- 4.8 An Innovation Has to Be Consistent with Market (Client) Values -- 4.9 For a System to Work, All Components Have to Function Appropriately -- 4.10 Innovative People Abound , 10.5.1 INTERVENTION CAN SLOW DOWN OR SPEED UP THE TEMPORAL PACE OR REALIZATION OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT -- 10.5.2 INTERVENTIONS CAN COORDINATE BETWEEN DISJOINT ACTORS -- 10.5.3 HARDENING IMPLIES INTERVENTIONS MAY BE INCONSEQUENTIAL -- 10.6 Speed enables specialization -- 10.7 Discussion -- 5 Wave Three: 1890-1950 -- 11 American Shipping -- 12 Taking Flight -- 12.1 Profile: Juan Trippe -- 12.2 System Evolution -- 12.3 Air Mail -- 12.4 Discussion -- 13 Railroads Regulated -- 13.1 Federal Triangle -- 13.2 Correspondence and the Locus of Authority -- 13.3 Mighty Elevators of Grain -- 13.4 Government's Proactive, Normative Rule -- 13.5 Regulating Labor Relations -- 13.6 Deregulation -- 13.7 Comparisons of the Developed World -- 13.8 Iron Triangles and Aluminum Rectangles -- 13.9 Discussion -- 14 Bustitution -- 14.1 Myths in Motion -- 14.2 Deterioration -- 14.3 Motorization -- 14.3.1 TWIN CITIES TRANSIT -- 14.4 Angels and Devils -- 14.5 Symbolic Systems -- 14.6 Discussion -- 15 Public Roads and Private Cars -- 15.1 Whitetop and Blacktop -- 15.2 Auto Trails -- 15.3 Safe Streets -- 15.4 Transportation and Traffic Planning -- 15.5 Free Curb Parking, or Who Controls the Roads as Commons? -- 15.6 The 7 Percent Solution -- 15.7 Financing Roads (c. 1920) -- 15.8 Bureau of Public Roads -- 15.9 Discussion: Highway Needs -- 16 Urban Planning: Who Controls the Turf? -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 The Urban Wheel -- 16.3 Civil Engineering -- 16.4 City Planning -- 16.5 City Planning versus Transportation Planning -- 16.6 Other Varieties of Transportation Planning -- 16.7 Discussion -- 17 Telephone -- 17.1 Harmonious Bells -- 17.2 Regulation Ringing -- 17.3 The Bell Cracks -- 17.4 All the King's Horses -- 17.5 Bell Labs -- 17.6 Discussion -- 6 Phase 3 of the Life-cycle -- 18 Aging in Place, Aging sans Grace -- 18.1 Managing , 18.2 Increases in Productivity Diminish or Vanish as Systems Mature -- 18.3 Escape, Adapt, Accept are the Three Basic Strategies for Organizations at Maturity -- 18.4 Obduracy Is Standard Practice in Mature Organizations -- 18.5 The Behavior of the System is Conditioned by Its Structure -- 18.6 Spandrels Create Hooks for Innovation -- 18.7 Consequential Developments Occur in Second Order Systems -- 18.8 Government Policies for Maturity Are Negotiated Contracts with the Regulated -- 18.9 Large System Innovations Are the Work of Blind Giants -- 18.10 Maturity Creates Imperatives -- 18.11 Maturity Creates Opportunities -- 18.12 Transportation Is Possessed with Zombies -- 7 Wave Four: 1939-1991 -- 19 Building Blocks: The Logistics Revolution -- 19.1 McLean's Insight: Inside the Box -- 19.2 Matson's Innovations -- 19.3 Alliances -- 19.4 Container Ports -- 19.5 Labor Arrangements -- 19.6 Discussion -- 20 The Jet Age -- 20.1 Supersonic -- 20.2 Growth Pulses -- 20.3 Cabotage -- 20.4 Federal Express -- 20.5 Networked Organization -- 20.5.1 ALLIANCES -- 20.5.2 RESERVATION SYSTEMS -- 20.6 Deregulation -- 20.7 Security Theater -- 20.8 Discussion -- 21 Railroads Rationalized -- 21.1 Rationalization: Nationalization Style -- 21.2 Rationalization: Congressional Style -- 21.3 Rationalization: Commission Style -- 21.4 Rationalization: Corporate Style -- 21.5 Rationalization: Conrail/Amtrak Style -- 21.6 Rationalization: Iowa Style -- 21.7 Rationalization: Community Style -- 21.8 Rationalization: LA Style: The Alameda Corridor -- 21.9 Rationalization: Tracks or Wires: Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern -- 21.10 Rationalization: Coming to Peace with Modal Competition -- 21.11 Rationalization: Laying a New Path -- 21.12 Labor Rationalized -- 21.13 Discussion -- 22 Interstate -- 22.1 Limited Access -- 22.2 Inventing the Interstate -- 22.2.1 SUCCESS HAS MANY FATHERS , 22.2.2 REGARD FOR THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS -- 22.2.3 THE BRAGDON COMMITTEE -- 22.3 Freeways Rising -- 22.3.1 FREEWAYS IN JAPAN -- 22.3.2 BUILDING URBAN HIGHWAYS: THE CASE OF I-94 -- 22.3.3 FREEWAY REVOLTS -- 22.3.4 PROFILE: ROBERT MOSES -- 22.3.5 PROFILE: JANE JACOBS -- 22.4 The Interstate at Maturity -- 22.4.1 REBUILDING URBAN HIGHWAYS: THE CASE OF THE BIG DIG -- 22.4.2 BUILDING SUBURBAN HIGHWAYS: INTER-COUNTY CONNECTOR -- 22.4.3 THE LAST INTERSTATE -- 22.4.4 PRIVATE ROADS? THE CASE OF THE DULLES GREENWAY, VIRGINIA -- 22.4.5 HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLES -- 22.4.6 HOT LANES AND HOT NETWORKS -- 22.5 Ideas: Privatization versus a Public Utility Model -- 22.6 Freight -- 22.6.1 FEDERAL TRUCKING REGULATION -- 22.6.2 IDEA: BIFURCATION -- 22.6.3 IDEA: TRUCK COLLECTOR SERVICE -- 22.7 Discussion -- 23 Recapitalization -- 23.1 Federalization -- 23.2 San Francisco's BART -- 23.3 Washington's Metro -- 23.4 Other People's Money: Rational Behavior in Irrational America -- 23.5 Docklands Light Railway and the Jubilee -- 23.6 Challenge: Serving the Disadvantaged -- 23.7 Universal Design -- 23.8 Personal Rapid Transit: Imagination in Search of a Market -- 23.9 Reinventing Fixed Route Transit -- 23.9.1 RETRENCHMENT -- 23.9.2 SUBSIDIZING THE TRAVELER NOT THE SYSTEM -- 23.9.3 CONTRACTING OUT -- 23.9.4 THE PRODUCT -- 23.10 Discussion -- 24 Lord Kelvin's Curse -- 24.1 The Limits of Knowledge -- 24.2 Policy Wants to Control -- 24.2.1 LAW OF INERTIA -- 24.2.2 SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS -- 24.2.3 WE CAN THINK BETTER -- 24.3 Forecasting Travel -- 24.3.1 UTPS EMERGES -- 24.3.2 CATS AS FORECASTING PARADIGM -- 24.3.3 EVALUATION PARADIGM -- 24.3.4 DIFFUSION OF CATS -- 24.4 UTPS and Its Discontents -- 24.4.1 THE UTPS IS BIASED IN FAVOR OF THE INTERSTATE AND SCALE ECONOMIES -- 24.4.2 THE UTPS DOESN'T MODEL MUCH OF HUMAN ACTIVITY -- 24.4.3 THE FLAWS OF UTPS ARE MYRIAD , 24.4.4 UTPS INADEQUATELY ADDRESSES INDUCED DEMAND AND INDUCED DEVELOPMENT , 4.11 Innovations Must Finesse Existing Constraints -- 4.12 Innovative People Cooperate -- 4.13 Excuses for Inaction Abound -- 4.14 Innovation Can Be Innovated -- 4.15 Transportation Development Is Chancy -- 3 Wave Two: 1844-1896 -- 5 The Modern Maritime Modes Emerge -- 5.1 Beginnings -- 5.2 Trading Companies -- 5.3 A Port in a Storm -- 5.4 Cargo Ships -- 5.5 Ocean Liners -- 5.6 The SS Great Eastern -- 5.7 Profile: Marc and Isambard Kingdom Brunel -- 6 Railroads Deployed: Learning from Experience -- 6.1 Trials and Errors -- 6.2 Emulation -- 6.3 Learning about Networks: The Legrand Star Plan -- 6.4 Learning about Technology -- 6.5 Learning about Passenger Service Standards -- 6.6 Learning about Freight Rate-Making -- 6.7 Learning about Embedded Policies: The Org Chart -- 6.8 Learning about Rules: The Code of Operations -- 6.9 Learning about Time: The Rise of the Time Zone -- 6.10 Learning about Traveler Information -- 6.11 Learning about Right-of-Way: The Conflict between Land for Access and Land for Activity -- 6.12 Learning about Alliances -- 6.13 Profile: Cornelius Vanderbilt -- 6.14 Learning about Finance: The Erie War -- 6.15 Comments by Social Critics -- 7 Good Roads, Bicycle Mechanics, and Horseless Carriages -- 7.1 Bicycles as Building Blocks -- 7.2 From Horse to Horseless -- 7.3 Road Trips and Races -- 7.4 Object Lessons -- 7.5 Discussion -- 8 Transit -- 8.1 Omnes Omnibus -- 8.2 Going Underground -- 8.3 Above and Below New York -- 8.4 Transit Surfaces -- 8.5 Metro-Land -- 8.6 Discussion: The Land Value Metric -- 9 Telegraph -- 4 Phase 2 of the Life-cycle -- 10 The Magic Bullet -- 10.1 Growth -- 10.2 Growth Takes Off Due to Magic Bullets -- 10.3 Standardization Enables Magic Bullets, Thwarts Innovation -- 10.4 Purported Magic Bullets Are Sometimes Tragic Bullets -- 10.5 The Trajectory of Magic Bullets Is Difficult to Alter

Additional Edition: Print version Garrison, William L. The Transportation Experience Oxford : Oxford University Press, Incorporated,c2014 ISBN 9780199862719

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books

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Format: 1 online resource (417 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9781119951476

Series Statement: The Wiley-IS&T Series in Imaging Science and Technology Series v.26

Note: Intro -- THE ART AND SCIENCE OF HDR IMAGING -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Preface -- Series Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Section A: History of HDR Imaging -- 1: HDR Imaging -- 1.1 Topics -- 1.2 Introduction -- 1.3 Replicas and Reproductions -- 1.4 A Choice of Metaphors for HDR Reproduction -- 1.4.1 Pixel-based Reproduction -- 1.4.2 Spatial Reproduction -- 1.5 Reproduction of Scene Dynamic Range -- 1.6 HDR Disciplines -- 1.6.1 Interactions of Light and Matter -- 1.6.2 Light Sensors -- 1.6.3 Image Processing -- 1.6.4 Image Rendition -- 1.7 Outline of the Text -- 1.7.1 Section A - History of HDR Imaging -- 1.7.2 Section B - Measured Dynamic Ranges -- 1.7.3 Section C - Separating Glare and Contrast -- 1.7.4 Section D - Scene Content Controls Appearances -- 1.7.5 Section E - Color HDR -- 1.7.6 Section F - HDR Image Processing -- 1.8 Summary -- 1.9 References -- 2: HDR Tools and Definitions -- 2.1 Topics -- 2.2 Introduction -- 2.3 Pixels -- 2.4 Dynamic Ranges -- 2.4.1 Dynamic Range of Light in Scenes -- 2.4.2 Dynamic Range of Vision -- 2.5 Measuring Light -- 2.5.1 Radiometry - Measuring Electromagnetic Radiation -- 2.5.2 Photometry - Measuring Visible Light -- 2.6 Measuring Color Spaces -- 2.6.1 Color Matching Functions -- 2.6.2 Uniform Color Spaces -- 2.6.3 Early Pixel-based Color Matches Followed by Neural Spatial Interactions -- 2.7 Image Reproduction -- 2.7.1 Color-Forming Technologies -- 2.7.2 Spatial Additive Color in Flat-Panel Displays -- 2.7.3 Tone Scale Control of the Interior Color Space -- 2.7.4 Colorimetric Reproductions -- 2.8 Contrast -- 2.9 Digital Imaging -- 2.10 Summary -- 2.11 References -- 3: HDR in Natural Scenes -- 3.1 Topics -- 3.2 Appearance in HDR and Color Constancy -- 3.3 Summary -- 3.4 References -- 4: HDR in Painting -- 4.1 Topics -- 4.2 Introduction -- 4.3 Ancient Painting -- 4.4 Perspective , 13.6 References -- Section C: Separating Glare and Contrast -- 14: Two Counteracting Mechanisms: Glare and Contrast -- 14.1 Topics -- 14.2 Introduction -- 14.3 Two Spatial Mechanisms -- 14.4 Calculated Retinal Image -- 14.4.1 Making a Standard Lightness Scale -- 14.4.2 Scatter Calculation -- 14.4.3 Results of Scatter Calculations -- 14.4.4 Retinal Contrast with Different Backgrounds -- 14.4.5 Stiehl and others's Conclusions -- 14.5 Measuring the Range of HDR Appearances -- 14.6 Calculating the Retinal Image -- 14.7 Visualizing the Retinal Image -- 14.8 HDR and Uniform Color Space -- 14.9 Summary -- 14.10 References -- 15: Measuring the Range of HDR Appearances -- 15.1 Topics -- 15.2 Introduction -- 15.3 Design of Appearance Scale Target -- 15.3.1 Single- and Double-Density Targets -- 15.4 Magnitude Estimation Experiments -- 15.4.1 Average luminance = 50 % max luminance -- 15.4.2 Average luminance = 8 % max luminance -- 15.4.3 Control Surrounds - White and Black -- 15.5 Scene Dependent Tone Scale -- 15.6 Glare and Contrast -- 15.7 Summary -- 15.8 References -- 16: Calculating the Retinal Image -- 16.1 Topics -- 16.2 Introduction -- 16.3 Converting Scene Luminance to Retinal Contrast -- 16.4 Calculating Retinal Radiance -- 16.4.1 Scene Contrast - Input Luminance Array -- 16.4.2 CIE Veiling Glare Standard -- 16.4.3 Calculate Retinal Radiances -- 16.5 Changes in the Retinal Image from Glare -- 16.6 Appearance and Retinal Image -- 16.7 Scene Content and Psychometric Functions -- 16.8 Summary -- 16.9 References -- 17: Visualizing HDR Images -- 17.1 Topics -- 17.2 Introduction -- 17.3 Calculated Retinal Image Contrast -- 17.4 Retinal Image Contrast -- 17.5 Summary -- 17.6 References -- 18: HDR and Uniform Color Spaces -- 18.1 Topics -- 18.2 Introduction -- 18.3 Uniform Color Spaces - Psychophysics -- 18.4 Color Vision - Physiology -- 18.4.1 Spectral Sensitivity , 18.4.2 Intensity Response -- 18.5 Accurate Transformations from CMF to UCS -- 18.5.1 Data-based LUT Transformations from CMF to UCS -- 18.5.2 Data-based Fit for Transformation from CMF to UCS -- 18.6 Summary -- 18.7 References -- 19: Glare: A Major Part of Vision Theory -- 19.1 Topics -- 19.2 Introduction -- 19.3 Glare: Distorts Lightness below Middle Gray, More or Less -- 19.4 Pixel-based HDR Image Processing -- 19.5 Summary -- 19.6 References -- Section D: Scene Content Controls Appearance -- 20: Scene Dependent Appearance of Quanta Catch -- 20.1 Topics -- 20.2 Introduction -- 20.3 Models of Vision - A Choice of Paradigms -- 20.4 Illumination, Constancy and Surround -- 20.5 Maximum's Enclosure and Distance -- 20.6 Size of Maxima -- 20.7 Assimilation -- 20.8 Maxima and Contrast with Maxima -- 21: Illumination, Constancy and Surround -- 21.1 Topics -- 21.2 Introduction -- 21.3 Hipparchus of Nicea -- 21.3.1 Magnitude Estimation of Brightness -- 21.4 Flat-2-D Transparent Displays -- 21.4.1 Experiments -- 21.4.2 Results -- 21.5 A Simple Two-Step Physical Description -- 21.6 Complex 3-D Scenes -- 21.6.1 Experiments -- 21.6.2 Results -- 21.6.3 Do Uniform Stimuli Appear Uniform? -- 21.7 Local Maxima -- 21.8 Review -- 21.9 Summary -- 21.10 References -- 22: Maximum's Enclosure and Separation -- 22.1 Topics -- 22.2 Introduction -- 22.3 Experimental Design -- 22.4 Lightness Matches - Light Gray on Black -- 22.5 Lightness Matches - Dark Gray on Black -- 22.5.1 Dark Gray on Black - White on Four Sides -- 22.5.2 Dark Gray on Black - White on Three Sides -- 22.5.3 Dark Gray on Black - White on Two Sides -- 22.5.4 Dark Gray on Black - White on One Side -- 22.5.5 Dark Gray on Black -- 22.6 Dark Gray on Black: Varying White's Position -- 22.7 Review -- 22.8 Summary -- 22.9 References -- 23: Maxima Size and Distribution -- 23.1 Topics -- 23.2 Introduction , 23.3 Experimental Procedure , 4.4.1 Perspective in the Renaissance -- 4.5 Chiaroscuro -- 4.6 Gerritt van Honthorst (Gherardo delle Notti) -- 4.7 Rembrandt van Vijn -- 4.8 John Constable -- 4.9 John Martin -- 4.10 Impressionism -- 4.11 Photorealism -- 4.12 Summary -- 4.13 References -- 5: HDR in Film Photography -- 5.1 Topics -- 5.2 Introduction -- 5.3 Multiple Exposures in the 1850s -- 5.3.1 Edouard Baldus -- 5.4 HP Robinson -- 5.5 Hurter and Driffield-Scientific Calibration of AgX Film Sensitivity -- 5.6 Sheppard and Mees -- 5.7 19th Century - Professional Amateur Photography -- 5.8 20th Century - Corporate Photography -- 5.9 20th Century Control of Dynamic Range -- 5.9.1 The Tone Scale Curve -- 5.9.2 The Physics Behind the Tone Scale Curve -- 5.9.3 Jones and Condit - Range of Light in Scenes -- 5.9.4 Color Film -- 5.9.5 LA Jones -- 5.9.6 Color Measurement vs. Color Photography -- 5.9.7 HDR Pseudocolor Measurement - Wyckoff -- 5.10 Other Silver-Halide Stories -- 5.11 Summary -- 5.12 References -- 6: The Ansel Adams Zone System -- 6.1 Topics -- 6.2 Introduction -- 6.3 Compressing the HDR World into the LDR Print -- 6.4 Visualization -- 6.5 Scene Capture -- 6.5.1 Assigning Scene Luminances to Zones in the Print -- 6.5.2 Zone System: Interplay of Exposure and Development -- 6.5.3 Compressing the HDR Scene into the LDR Print - Spatial Image Processing -- 6.6 "Performing the Score" -- 6.6.1 Dodging and Burning -- 6.7 Moonrise, Hernandez -- 6.8 Apparent vs. Physical Contrast -- 6.9 Summary -- 6.10 References -- 7: Electronic HDR Image Processing: Analog and Digital -- 7.1 Topics -- 7.2 Introduction -- 7.3 Human Spatial Vision -- 7.4 Electronic HDR Image Processing -- 7.4.1 The Black and White Mondrian -- 7.4.2 Analog Electronic Spatial Rendering -- 7.4.3 Digital Electronic Spatial Rendering -- 7.4.4 Electronic HDR Pixel Processing -- 7.5 Summary -- 7.6 References , 8: HDR and the World of Computer Graphics -- 8.1 Topics -- 8.2 Introduction -- 8.3 Early Years: the 60s -- 8.4 Early Digital Image Synthesis: the 70s -- 8.5 The Turning Point: the 80s -- 8.6 Computational Photorealism: from the 90s -- 8.7 Summary -- 8.8 References -- 9: Review of HDR History -- 9.1 Topics -- 9.2 Summary of Disciplines -- 9.3 Review -- 9.4 Summary -- 9.5 References -- Section B: Measured Dynamic Ranges -- 10: Actual Dynamic Ranges -- 10.1 Topics -- 10.2 Introduction -- 10.3 Dynamic Range of Light Sensors -- 10.4 Bits per Pixel -- 10.5 Dynamic Range of Display Devices -- 10.6 Interactions of Pixels in Images -- 10.6.1 Capture to Reproduction -- 10.6.2 Reproduction to Perception -- 10.7 Summary -- 10.8 References -- 11: Limits of HDR Scene Capture -- 11.1 Topics -- 11.2 Introduction -- 11.3 HDR Test Targets -- 11.4 Camera Veiling Glare Limits -- 11.4.1 Digital Camera Response -- 11.4.2 Measurements of Luminous Flux on the Camera's Image Plane (1scaleBlack) -- 11.4.3 Measurements of Luminous Flux on the Camera's Image Plane (4scaleBlack) -- 11.4.4 Measurements of Luminous Flux on the Camera's Image Plane (4scaleWhite) -- 11.4.5 Errors in Estimated Scene Luminance -- 11.5 Glare in Film Cameras -- 11.5.1 Duplication Film-Camera Response -- 11.5.2 Negative Film-Camera Response -- 11.5.3 Pinhole-Camera Response -- 11.6 Review -- 11.7 Summary -- 11.8 References -- 12: Limits of HDR in Humans -- 12.1 Topics -- 12.2 Introduction -- 12.3 Visual Appearance of HDR Displays -- 12.4 von Honthorst's Painting and the 4scaleBlack HDR Target -- 12.5 HDR Displays and Black and White Mondrian -- 12.6 HDR and Tone Scale Maps -- 12.7 HDR Displays and Contrast -- 12.8 Summary -- 12.9 References -- 13: Why Does HDR Improve Images? -- 13.1 Topics -- 13.2 Introduction -- 13.3 Why are HDR Images Better? -- 13.4 Are Multiple Exposures Necessary? -- 13.5 Summary

Additional Edition: Print version McCann, John J. The Art and Science of HDR Imaging Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,c2011 ISBN 9780470666227

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books ; Electronic books

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Format: xvii, 1181 pages : , illustrations ; , 29 x 22.5 cm.

Edition: 9th edition.

ISBN: 9780470547403 (cloth) , 0470547405 (cloth)

Content: MACHINE-GENERATED SUMMARY NOTE: "Established as one of the leading books on the materials and methods of construction, the Ninth Edition of Construction was renamed Olin's Construction to reflect the brand identity that Harold Olin brought to this standard text. The most comprehensive text on the subject, Olin's Construction cover not only the materials and methods of building construction, but also building systems and equipment, utilities, properties of materials, and current design and contracting requirements. Whether a builder, designer, contractor, or manager, readers have for over two generations mastered the principles of construction operations with Olin's Construction."

Content: MACHINE-GENERATED SUMMARY NOTE: "Get the updated industry standard for a new age of construction! For more than fifty years, Olin's Construction has been the cornerstone reference in the field for architecture and construction professionals and students. This new edition is an invaluable resource that will provide in-depth coverage for decades to come. You'll find the most up-to-date principles, materials, methods, codes, and standards used in the design and construction of contemporary concrete, steel, masonry, and wood buildings for residential, commercial, and institutional use. Organized by the principles of the MasterFormat® 2010 Update, this edition: - Covers sitework; concrete, steel, masonry, wood, and plastic materials; sound control; mechanical and electrical systems; doors and windows; finishes; industry standards; codes; barrier-free design; and much more - Offers extensive coverage of the metric system of measurement - Includes more than 1,800 illustrations, 175 new to this edition and more than 200 others, revised to bring them up to date - Provides vital descriptive information on how to design buildings, detail components, specify materials and products, and avoid common pitfalls - Contains new information on sustainability, expanded coverage of the principles of construction management and the place of construction managers in the construction process, and construction of long span structures in concrete, steel, and wood The most comprehensive text on the subject, Olin's Construction covers not only the materials and methods of building construction, but also building systems and equipment, utilities, properties of materials, and current design and contracting requirements. Whether you're a builder, designer, contractor, or manager, join the readers who have relied on the principles of Olin's Construction for more than two generations to master construction operations."

Note: MACHINE-GENERATED CONTENTS NOTE: Preface ix -- Acknowledgments xiii -- Acknowledgments for the Ninth Edition xv -- Disclaimer xvii -- CHAPTER 1 DESIGN AND CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS 1 -- Introduction 2 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 2 -- 1.1 Building Design 3 -- 1.2 Industry Standards 8 -- 1.3 Codes 16 -- 1.4 Barrier-Free Design 24 -- 1.5 Sustainable Building Design 36 -- 1.6 Construction Documents 41 -- 1.7 Bidding and Negotiation 46 -- 1.8 Construction Contract Administration 47 -- 1.9 Construction Management 48 -- 1.10 Additional Reading 51 -- 1.11 Acknowledgments and References 52 -- CHAPTER 2 EXISTING CONDITIONS 55 -- Introduction 56 -- Sustainability Considerations 56 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 56 -- 2.1 Land Surveys and Descriptions 56 -- 2.2 Demolition 62 -- 2.3 Subsurface Investigation 63 -- 2.4 Additional Reading 64 -- 2.5 Acknowledgments and References 65 -- CHAPTER 3 CONCRETE 67 -- Introduction 68 -- Sustainability Considerations 68 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 69 -- 3.1 History 70 -- 3.2 Concrete Materials 72 -- 3.3 Formwork 78 -- 3.4 Reinforcement 84 -- 3.5 Accessories 91 -- 3.6 Joints 93 -- 3.7 Mixtures and Mixing 96 -- 3.8 Handling, Transporting, Placing, and Consolidating 105 -- 3.9 Finishing 108 -- 3.10 Curing and Protection 114 -- 3.11 Concrete Foundation Systems 116 -- 3.12 Concrete Slabs on Grade 121 -- 3.13 Cast-in-Place Structural Concrete 128 -- 3.14 Precast Concrete 137 -- 3.15 Specialty Concretes 143 -- 3.16 Concrete Toppings 144 -- 3.17 Structural Insulating Roof Decks 145 -- 3.18 Underlayment 146 -- 3.19 Additional Reading 147 -- 3.20 Acknowledgments and References 148 -- CHAPTER 4 MASONRY 151 -- Introduction 152 -- Sustainability Considerations 152 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 152 -- 4.1 History 153 -- 4.2 Mortar and Grout 154 -- 4.3 Reinforcement, Ties, Anchors, and Flashing 161 -- 4.4 Clay Masonry Units 164 -- 4.5 Concrete Masonry Units 179 -- 4.6 Unit Masonry Design 187 -- 4.7 Unit Masonry Erection 209 -- 4.8 Stone 227 -- 4.9 Glass Unit Masonry 235 -- 4.10 Properties of Selected Masonry Walls 241 -- 4.11 Additional Reading 241 -- 4.12 Acknowledgments and References 244 -- CHAPTER 5 METALS 247 -- Introduction 248 -- Sustainability Considerations 249 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 250 -- 5.1 Iron and Steel Materials and Products 250 -- 5.2 Aluminum Materials and Products 270 -- 5.3 Joints and Connections in Metal Assemblies 278 -- 5.4 Structural Steel Framing 286 -- 5.5 Steel Joists and Joist Girders 291 -- 5.6 Steel Decking 291 -- 5.7 Long Spans in Steel Construction 293 -- 5.8 Steel Stairs 294 -- 5.9 Cold-Formed Metal Framing 295 -- 5.10 Other Metals 299 -- 5.11 Metal Finishes 301 -- 5.12 Additional Reading 312 -- 5.13 Acknowledgments and -- References 312 -- CHAPTER 6 WOOD, PLASTICS, AND COMPOSITES 315 -- Introduction 316 -- Sustainability Considerations 316 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 317 -- 6.1 Properties of Wood 317 -- 6.2 Lumber 325 -- 6.3 Engineered Wood Products 337 -- 6.4 Wood Protection 352 -- 6.5 Foundations 356 -- 6.6 General Framing Requirements 360 -- 6.7 Conventional Framing and Furring 361 -- 6.8 Structural Panels 378 -- 6.9 Shop-Fabricated Structural Wood 380 -- 6.10 Sheathing 385 -- 6.11 Other Framing Systems 395 -- 6.12 Long Span Wood Structures 409 -- 6.13 Finish Carpentry 411 -- 6.14 Plastics 413 -- 6.15 Additional Reading 422 -- 6.16 Acknowledgments and References 423 -- CHAPTER 7 THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION 425 -- Introduction 426 -- Sustainability Considerations 426 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 426 -- 7.1 Moisture Control 427 -- 7.2 Dampproofing and Waterproofing 440 -- 7.3 Thermal Insulation 443 -- 7.4 Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems 455 -- 7.5 Weather and Air Barriers 457 -- 7.6 Steep-Slope Roofing 458 -- 7.7 Siding 502 -- 7.8 Membrane Roofing Systems 521 -- 7.9 Flashing and Sheet Metal 534 -- 7.10 Metal Roofing 540 -- 7.11 Roof Specialties and Accessories 545 -- 7.12 Fireproofing 545 -- 7.13 Joint Protection 548 -- 7.14 Additional Reading 555 -- 7.15 Acknowledgments and References 556 -- CHAPTER 8 OPENINGS 561 -- Introduction 562 -- Sustainability Considerations 562 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 562 -- 8.1 Metal Doors and Frames 562 -- 8.2 Wood and Plastic Doors 567 -- 8.3 Specialty Doors 577 -- 8.4 Entrances and Storefronts 579 -- 8.5 Glazed Aluminum Curtain Walls 583 -- 8.6 Metal Windows and Sliding Glass Doors 590 -- 8.7 Wood and Plastic Windows and Sliding Glass Doors 597 -- 8.8 Storm and Screen Doors and Windows 607 -- 8.9 Door Hardware 610 -- 8.10 Glazing 615 -- 8.11 Additional Reading 633 -- 8.12 Acknowledgments and References 634 -- CHAPTER 9 FINISHES 639 -- Introduction 640 -- Sustainability Considerations 640 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 641 -- 9.1 Supports for Plaster and Gypsum Board 641 -- 9.2 Materials for Plaster and Gypsum Board 651 -- 9.3 Gypsum Plaster Mixes and Application 658 -- 9.4 Portland Cement Plaster Mixes and Application 661 -- 9.5 Gypsum Board 668 -- 9.6 Tiling 694 -- 9.7 Acoustical Treatment 717 -- 9.8 Brick Flooring and Paving 730 -- 9.9 Stone Flooring and Paving 732 -- 9.10 Wood Flooring 737 -- 9.11 Resilient Flooring 746 -- 9.12 Terrazzo Flooring 767 -- 9.13 Fluid-Applied Flooring 779 -- 9.14 Carpeting 782 -- 9.15 Vinyl-Coated Fabric Wall Coverings 796 -- 9.16 Painting 796 -- 9.17 Special Coatings 814 -- 9.18 Additional Reading 819 -- 9.19 Acknowledgments and References 819 -- CHAPTER 10 SPECIALTIES 825 -- Introduction 826 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 826 -- 10.1 Fire Protection Specialties 826 -- 10.2 Additional Reading 827 -- 10.3 Acknowledgments and References 827 -- CHAPTER 11 FURNISHINGS 829 -- Introduction 830 -- Sustainability Considerations 830 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 830 -- 11.1 Wood and Decorative Laminate Casework 830 -- 11.2 Window Treatment 837 -- 11.3 Additional Reading 840 -- 11.4 Acknowledgments and References 840 -- CHAPTER 12 SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION 841 -- Introduction 842 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 842 -- 12.1 Sound Control 842 -- 12.2 Additional Reading 889 -- 12.3 Acknowledgments and -- References 889 -- CHAPTER 13 CONVEYING SYSTEMS 891 -- Introduction 892 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 892 -- 13.1 Elevators and Lifts 892 -- 13.2 Escalators and Moving Walks 899 -- 13.3 Additional Reading 900 -- 13.4 References 900 -- CHAPTER 14 FIRE SUPPRESSION 901 -- Introduction 902 -- Sustainability Considerations 902 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 902 -- 14.1 Fire Suppression Standpipe Systems 902 -- 14.2 Fire Suppression Sprinkler Systems 903 -- 14.3 Fire Extinguishing Systems 904 -- 14.4 Additional Reading 904 -- 14.5 References 904 -- CHAPTER 15 PLUMBING 905 -- Introduction 906 -- Sustainability Considerations 906 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 907 -- 15.1 Codes, Laws, and Industry Standards 907 -- 15.2 Water Supply 907 -- 15.3 Drainage 922 -- 15.4 Plumbing Fixtures 942 -- 15.5 Sound Control 949 -- 15.6 Additional Reading 952 -- 15.7 Acknowledgments and References 952 -- CHAPTER 16 HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC) 955 -- Introduction 956 -- Sustainability Considerations 956 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 957 -- 16.1 Heat and Comfort 957 -- 16.2 Building Design Recommendations 968 -- 16.3 Heat Loss and Heat Gain 970 -- 16.4 Commissioning 972 -- 16.5 HVAC Controls 973 -- 16.6 HVAC Delivery Systems 976 -- 16.7 Central HVAC Equipment 990 -- 16.8 Decentralized HVAC Equipment 993 -- 16.9 Additional Reading 995 -- 16.10 Acknowledgments and References 995 -- CHAPTER 17 ELECTRICAL 999 -- Introduction 1000 -- Sustainability Considerations 1000 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 1002 -- 17.1 Fundamentals of Electricity 1002 -- 17.2 Service and Distribution 1005 -- 17.3 Lightning Protection 1025 -- 17.4 Lighting 1027 -- 17.5 Additional Reading 1032 -- 17.6 Acknowledgments and -- References 1033 -- CHAPTER 18 COMMUNICATIONS 1035 -- Introduction 1036 -- Applicable MasterFormat™ Sections 1036 -- 18.1 Communications S

Language: English

Keywords: Handbooks and manuals

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 1001 Seiten) , Illustrationen

Edition: Third edition

ISBN: 9783030763381

Content: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Discovering Climate -- Chapter 3. The Language of Science -- Chapter 4. Applying Mathematics to Problems -- Chapter 5. Geologic Time -- Chapter 6. Putting Numbers on Geologic Ages -- Chapter 7. Documenting Past Climate Change -- Chapter 8. The Nature of Energy Received From the Sun – The Analogies with Water Waves and Sound -- Chapter 9. The Nature of Energy Received From the Sun---Figuring Out What Light Really Is -- Chapter 10. Exploring the Electromagnetic Spectrum -- Chapter 11. The Origins of Climate Science---The Idea Of Energy Balance -- Chapter 12. The Climate System -- Chapter 13. What’s At The Bottom of Alice’s Rabbit Hole -- Chapter 14. Energy from the Sun---Long-Term Variations -- Chapter 15. Solar Variability and Cosmic Rays -- Chapter 16. Albedo -- Chapter 17. Air -- Chapter 18. HOH---The Keystone Of Earth’s Climate -- Chapter 19. The Atmosphere -- Chapter 20. Oxygen and Ozone---Products and Protectors of Life -- Chapter 21. Water Vapor---The Major Greenhouse Gas -- Chapter 22. Carbon Dioxide -- Chapter 23. Other Greenhouse Gases -- Chapter 24. The Earth Is a Sphere and Rotates -- Chapter 25. The Coriolis Effect -- Chapter 26. The Circulation of Earth’s Atmosphere -- Chapter 27. The Circulation of Earth’s Oceans -- Chapter 28. The Biological Interactions -- Chapter 29. Sea Level -- Chapter 30. Global Climate Change---The Geologically Immediate Past -- Chapter 31. Human Impacts on the Environment and Climate -- Chapter 32. Predictions of the Future of Humanity -- Chapter 33. Is there an Analog for the Future Climate -- Chapter 34. The Instrumental Temperature Record -- Chapter 35. The Changing Climate of the Polar Regions -- Chapter 36. Global, Regional and Local Effects of Our Changing Climate -- Chapter 37. Final Thoughts.

Content: This book is a thorough introduction to climate science and global change. The author is a geologist who has spent much of his life investigating the climate of Earth from a time when it was warm and dinosaurs roamed the land, to today's changing climate. Bill Hay takes you on a journey to understand how the climate system works. He explores how humans are unintentionally conducting a grand uncontrolled experiment which is leading to unanticipated changes. We follow the twisting path of seemingly unrelated discoveries in physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and even mathematics to learn how they led to our present knowledge of how our planet works. He explains why the weather is becoming increasingly chaotic as our planet warms at a rate far faster than at any time in its geologic past. He speculates on possible future outcomes, and suggests that nature itself may make some unexpected course corrections. Although the book is written for the layman with little knowledge of science or mathematics, it includes information from many diverse fields to provide even those actively working in the field of climatology with a broader view of this developing drama. Experimenting on a Small Planet is a must read for anyone having more than a casual interest in global warming and climate change - one of the most important and challenging issues of our time. This new edition includes actual data from climate science into 2021. Numerous Powerpoint slides can be downloaded to allow lecturers and teachers to more effectively use the book as a basis for climate change education.

Note: Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Leningrad—1982 1.2 ‘Global Warming’ or ‘Global Weirding’ 1.3 My Background 1.4 What Is Science? 1.5 The Observational Sciences 1.6 The Compexity of Nature 1.7 Summary 2 Discovering Climate 2.1 Defining ‘Climate’ 2.2 Numerical Descriptions of Climate 2.3 How Science Works 2.4 Summary 3 The Language of Science 3.1 Numbers and Symbols 3.2 Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, and Calculus 3.3 Shapes 3.4 Orders of Magnitude and Exponents 3.5 Logarithms 3.6 Logarithms and Scales with Bases Other Than 10 3.7 Earthquake Scales 3.8 The Beaufort Wind Force Scale 3.9 Extending the Beaufort Scale to Cyclonic Storms 3.10 Calendars and Time 3.11 Summary 4 Applying Mathematics to Problems 4.1 Measures and Weights 4.2 The Nautical Mile 4.3 The Metric System 4.4 Temperature 4.5 Precisely Defining Some Words You Already Know 4.6 Locating Things 4.7 Latitude and Longitude 4.8 Map Projections 4.9 Trigonometry 4.10 Circles, Ellipses, and Angular Velocity 4.11 Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces 4.12 Graphs 4.13 Exponential Growth and Decay 4.14 The Logistic Equation 4.15 Statistics 4.16 Summary 5 Geologic Time 5.1 Age of the Earth—4004 BCE, or Older? 5.2 The Discovery of the Depths of Time—Eternity 5.3 Geologic Time Punctuated by Revolutions 5.4 Catastrophism Replaced by Imperceptibly Slow Gradual Change 5.5 The Development of the Geological Timescale 5.6 The Discovery of the Ice Age 5.7 The Discovery of Past Warm Polar Regions 5.8 Throwing a Monkey Wrench into Explaining Climate Change 5.9 Crustal Mobility’ to the Rescue 5.10 The Return of Catastrophism and the Idea of Rapid Change 5.11 The Nature of the Geologic Record 5.12 The Great Extinctions and Their Causes 5.13 Summary—A History with No Dates 6 Putting Numbers on Geologic Ages 6.1 1788—An Abyss of Time of Unknown Dimensions 6.2 1863—Physics Comes to the Rescue—Earth Is Not More than 100 Million Years Old 6.3 What We Now Know About Heat from Earth’s Interior 6.4 Some Helpful Background in Understanding Nineteenth-Century Chemistry 6.5 Atomic Weight, Atomic Mass, Isotopes, Relative Atomic Mass, Standard Atomic Weight—A Confusing Plethora of Terms 6.6 1895–1913—The Worlds of Physics and Chemistry Turned Upside Down 6.7 Henri Becquerel and the Curies 6.8 Nonconformists and the British Universities Open to All 6.9 The Discovery of Electrons, Alpha-Rays, and Beta-Rays 6.10 The Discovery of Radioactive Decay Series, Exponential Decay Rates, and Secular Equilibrium 6.11 The Mystery of the Decay Series Explained by Isotopes 6.12 The Discovery That Radioactive Decay Series Might Be Used to Determine the Age of Rocks 6.13 The Discovery of Stable Isotopes 6.14 Rethinking the Structure of the Atom 6.15 From Science to Science Fiction 6.16 The Discovery of Protons and Neutrons 6.17 Arthur Holmes and the Age of the Earth 6.18 The Development of a Numerical Geological Timescale 6.19 Summary 7 Documenting Past Climate Change 7.1 What Is ‘Climate’? 7.2 A Brief Overview of Earth’s Climate History 7.3 The Cenozoic Climate ‘Deterioration’ 7.4 From Ages to Process Rates 7.5 Radiometric Age Dating in the Mid-Twentieth Century 7.6 Potassium—Argon Dating 7.7 Reversals of Earth’s Magnetic Field 7.8 Fission Track Dating 7.9 Astronomical Dating 7.10 Tritium, Carbon-14, and Beryllium-10 7.11 The Human Acceleration of Natural Process Rates 7.12 The Present Climate in Its Geologic Context 7.13 Steady State Versus Non-steady State 7.14 Feedbacks 7.15 Summary 8 The Nature of Energy Received from the Sun—The Analogies with Water Waves and Sound 8.1 Water Waves 8.2 Special Water Waves—Tides and Tsunamis 8.3 Wave Energy, Refraction, and Reflection 8.4 Sound Waves 8.5 Sound Waves and Music 8.6 Measuring the Speed of Sound in Air 8.7 Measuring the Speed of Sound in Water 8.8 The Practical Use of Sound in Water 8.9 Summary 9 The Nature of Energy Received from the Sun—Figuring Out What Light Really Is 9.1 Early Ideas About Light 9.2 Refraction of Light 9.3 Measuring the Speed of Light 9.4 The Discovery of Double Refraction or ‘Birefringence’ 9.5 Investigating the Dispersion of Light 9.6 Figuring Out the Wavelengths of Different Colors of Light 9.7 Diffraction 9.8 Polarization of Light 9.9 Eureka!—Light Is Electromagnetic Waves 9.10 A Review of the Discovery of the Invisible Parts of the Electromagnetic Spectrum 9.11 The Demise of the ‘Luminiferous Æther’ 9.12 Summary 10 Exploring the Electromagnetic Spectrum 10.1 Spectra and Spectral Lines 10.2 The Discovery of Helium—First in the Sun, Then on Earth 10.3 The Discovery That Spectral Lines Are Mathematically Related 10.4 Heinrich Hertz’s Confirmation of Maxwell’s Ideas 10.5 Marconi Makes the Electromagnetic Spectrum a Tool for Civilization 10.6 Human Use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum for Communication, Locating Objects, and Cooking 10.7 Summary 11 The Origins of Climate Science—The Idea of Energy Balance 11.1 What Is Heat? 11.2 Thermodynamics 11.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics 11.4 The Discovery of Greenhouse Gases 11.5 Kirchhoff’s ‘Black Body’ 11.6 Stefan’s Fourth Power Law 11.7 Black Body Radiation 11.8 Summary 12 The Climate System 12.1 Insolation—The Incoming Energy from the Sun 12.2 Albedo—The Reflection of Incoming Energy Back into Space 12.3 Reradiation—How the Earth Radiates Energy Back into Space 12.4 The Chaotic Nature of the Weather 12.5 The Earthly Components of the Climate System: Air, Earth, Ice, and Water 12.6 The Atmosphere 12.7 The Hydrosphere 12.8 The Cryosphere 12.9 The Land 12.10 Classifying Climatic Regions 12.11 Uncertainties in the Climate Scheme 12.12 Summary 13 What Is at the Bottom of Alice’s Rabbit Hole? 13.1 Max Planck and the Solution to the Black Body Problem 13.2 The Photoelectric Effect 13.3 The Bohr Atom 13.4 Implications of the Bohr Model for the Periodic Table of the Elements 13.5 The Zeeman Effect 13.6 Trying to Make Sense of the Periodic Table 13.7 The Second Quantum Revolution 13.8 The Discovery of Nuclear Fission 13.9 Molecular Motions 13.10 Summary 14 Energy from the Sun—Long-Term Variations 14.1 The Faint Young Sun Paradox 14.2 The Energy Flux from the Sun 14.3 The Orbital Cycles 14.4 The Rise and Fall of the Orbital Theory of Climate Change 14.5 The Resurrection of the Orbital Theory 14.6 Correcting the Age Scale: Filling in the Details to Prove the Theory1 14.7 The Discovery that Milankovitch Orbital Cycles Have Affected Much of Earth History 14.8 Summary 15 Solar Variability and Cosmic Rays 15.1 Solar Variability 15.2 The Solar Wind 15.3 Solar Storms and Space Weather 15.4 The Solar Neutrino Problem 15.5 The Ultraviolet Radiation 15.6 Cosmic Rays 15.7 A Digression into the World of Particle Physics 15.8 How Cosmic Rays Interact with Earth’s Atmosphere 15.9 Carbon-14 15.10 Beryllium-10 15.11 Cosmic Rays and Climate 15.12 Summary 16 Albedo 16.1 Albedo of Planet Earth 16.2 Clouds 16.3 Could Cloudiness Be a Global Thermostat? 16.4 Volcanic Ash and Climate Change 16.5 Aerosols 16.6 Albedo During the Last Glacial Maximum 16.7 Changing the Planetary Albedo to Counteract Greenhouse Warming 16.8 Summary 17 Air 17.1 The Nature of Air 17.2 The Velocity of Air Molecules 17.3 Other Molecular Motions 17.4 The Other Major Component of Air—Photons 17.5 Ionization 17.6 The Scattering of Light 17.7 Absorption of the Infrared Wavelengths 17.8 Other Components of Air: Subatomic Particles 17.9 Summary 18 HoH—The Keystone of Earth’s Climate 18.1 Some History 18.2 Why Is HOH So Strange? 18.3 The Hydrologic Cycle 18.4 Vapor 18.4.1 Pure Water 18.5 Natural Water 18.6 Water—Density and Specific Volume 18.7 Water—Surface Tension 18.8 Ice 18.9 Earth’s Ice 18.10 How Ice Forms from Freshwater and from Seawater 18.11 Snow and ICE on Land 18.12 Ice Cores 18.13 Ice as Earth’s Climate Stabilizer 19 The Atmosphere 19.1 Atmospheric Pressure 19.2 The Structure of the Atmosphere 19.3 The Troposphere 19.4 The Stratosphere 19.5 The Mesosphere 19.6 The Thermosphere 19.7 The Exosphere 19.8 The Magnetosphere 19.9 The Ionosphere 19.10 The Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect 19.11 Th

Language: English

Subjects: Geography

Keywords: Electronic books

URL: Ebook (access only within the AWI network)