Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource

ISBN: 9781118694527 , 111869452X , 9781118694510 , 1118694511 , 9781118694534 , 1118694538 , 1118570723 , 9781118570722

Content: "Comprehensive reference covering all aspects of gas insulated substations including basic principles, technology, use & application, design, specification, testing and ownership issuesThis book provides an overview on the particular development steps of gas insulated high-voltage switchgear, and is based on the information given with the editor's tutorial. The theory is kept low only as much as it is needed to understand gas insulated technology, with the main focus of the book being on delivering practical application knowledge. It discusses some introductory and advanced aspects in the meaning of applications. The start of the book presents the theory of Gas Insulated Technology, and outlines reliability, design, safety, grounding and bonding, and factors for choosing GIS. The third chapter presents the technology, covering the following in detail: manufacturing, specification, instrument transformers, Gas Insulated Bus, and the assembly process. Next, the book goes into control and monitoring, which covers local control cabinet, bay controller, control schemes, and digital communication. Testing is explained in the middle of the book before installation and energization. Importantly, operation and maintenance is discussed. This chapter includes information on repair, extensions, retrofit or upgrade, and overloading. Finally applications are covered along with concepts of layout, typical layouts, mixed technology substations, and then other topics such as life cycle assessment, environmental impact, and project management. A one-stop, complete reference text on gas insulated substations (GIS), large-capacity and long-distance electricity transmission, which are of increasing importance in the power industry today Details advanced and basic material, accessible for both existing GIS users and those planning to adopt the technology Discusses both the practical and theoretical aspects of GIS Written by acknowledged GIS experts who have been involved in the development of the technology from the start "--

Note: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 General / Hermann Koch -- 1.2 Definitions / Hermann Koch -- 1.3 Standards and References / John Brunke -- 1.4 Ratings / Hermann Koch -- 2 Basic Information -- 2.1 History / Hermann Koch -- 2.2 Physics of Gas-insulated Switchgear / John Brunke -- 2.3 Reliability and Availability / Hermann Koch -- 2.4 Design / Phil Bolin -- 2.5 Safety / Hermann Koch -- 2.6 Grounding and Bonding / John Boggess -- 2.7 Factors for choosing GIS / John Boggess -- 2.8 Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) / Hermann Koch -- 3 Technology -- 3.1 General / Hermann Koch -- 3.2 Modular Components, Design and Development Process / Hermann Koch -- 3.3 Manufacturing / Hermann Koch -- 3.4 Specification Development / George Becker -- 3.5 Instrument Transformers / Hermann Koch -- 3.6 Interfaces -- 3.6.1 Direct Connection between Power Transformers and GIS / Xi Zhu -- 3.6.2 Cable Connections for Gas Insulated Switchgear for rated voltage above 52kV / Xi Zhu -- 3.6.3 Bushings / Sharma Devki -- 3.7 Gas Insulated Surge Arrestors D / Dave Lin -- 3.8 Gas Insulated Bus / Hermann Koch -- 4 Control and Monitoring -- 4.1 General / Hermann Koch -- 4.2 Monitoring / Nobby Fujimoto -- 4.3 Local Control Cabinet / Pravakar Samanta -- 4.4 Digital Communication / Hermann Koch -- 5 Type and Routine Testing -- 5.1 General / Peter Grossmann -- 5.2 Type Tests / Peter Grossmann -- 5.3 Routine Tests / Peter Grossmann -- 5.4 On-site Field Testing / Charles Hand -- 6 Installation -- 6.1 General / Hermann Koch -- 6.2 Installation / Richard Jones -- 6.3 Energization: Connecting to the Power Grid / James Massura -- 7 Operation & Maintenance -- 7.1 General / Hermann Koch -- 7.2 Operation of a Gas Insulated Substation / Charles Hand -- 7.3 Maintenance / Arnaud Ficheux -- 7.4 Repair / Arnaud Ficheux -- 7.5 Extensions / Arnaud Ficheux -- 7.6 GIS Retrofit or upgrade / Ravi Dhara -- 7.7 Overloading and thermal limits / Arnaud Ficheux -- 8 Applications -- 8.1 General / Hermann Koch -- 8.2 Typical GIS Layouts / Peter Grossmann. , 8.3 Reference Projects / Arun Arora -- 8.3.1 500 kV Indoor GIS and 115 kV AIS -- 8.3.2 115 kV GIS Switching Station Substation -- 8.3.3 345 kV and 4000 A Indoor Expendable Ring Bus GIS -- 8.3.4 69 kV and 3150 A Indoor Double Bus GIS -- 8.3.5 115 kV and 1200 A Container Ring Bus GIS -- 8.3.6 115 kV and 2000 A Outdoor Single Bus GIS -- 8.3.7 345 kV and 4000 A Indoor Breaker and Half GIS -- 8.3.8 115 kV and 3150 A Indoor Ring Bus GIS -- 8.3.9 69 kV and 2000 A Indoor Ring Bus GIS -- 8.3.10 138 kV and 230 kV Outdoor Ring Bus GIS -- 8.3.11 500 kV and 4000 A/8000 A Indoor Breaker and Third GIS -- 8.3.12 69 kV and 1600 A Outdoor Single Bus GIS -- 8.3.13 69 kV and 2000 A Underground GIS Hermann Koch -- 8.4 GIS Case Study Public Service Electric and Gas Company -- New Jersey 230 kV, 80 kA Bergen Switching Station Peter Grossmann -- 8.5 Mobile GIS / Hermann Koch -- 8.6 Mixed Technology Switchgear (MTS) / Dave Solhtalab -- 8.7 Future Developments / Hermann Koch -- 9 Other Topics -- 9.1 General / Hermann Koch -- 9.2.1 Environmental Life Cycle Assessment / Venkatesh Minisandram -- 9.2.2 GIS Environmental Impact / Arnaud Ficheux -- 9.2.3 Environmental Impact / Hermann Koch -- 9.3 Life Cycle Cost Analysis / George Becker -- 9.4 Insulation Coordination Study / Hermann Koch -- 9.5 Very Fast Transients / Nobby Fujimoto -- 9.6 Project Scope Development / Jorge Marquez -- 9.7 Risk-Based Asset Management of Gas-Insulated Substations and Equipment / George Becker -- 9.8 Health and Safety Impact / Hermann Koch -- 9.9 Electro Magnetic Field / Hermann Koch -- 10 Conclusions / Hermann Koch.

Additional Edition: Print version: Gas insulated substations. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2014 ISBN 9781118570722

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books.

URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118694534

URL: Click to View

URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118694534

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (237 p.)

Edition: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 1-136-09037-1 , 0-08-088618-3

Content: This classic book on available light photography is back, thoroughly updated for digital photography and, for the first time, is packed with stunning, full color images throughout. Creating great images under less-than-ideal lighting conditions is one of the most difficult, yet rewarding, experiences in photography. Challenge yourself, and with this book by your side you won't be disappointed. Photography expert Joe Farace and Pulitzer Prize winner Barry Staver use real-world examples of their own images to give you invaluable advice on how to get the shot right the first time. From practical

Note: Includes index. , Front cover; Better Available Light Digital Photography; Copyright page; Table of contents; Introduction; The "Gasp Factor"; This one's for you; It's all about the photographs; What's new; Chapter 1: What is available light?; The Golden Hour; Zap!; Weather tips from Barry; Light is light; What is EXIF and what is it good for?; Artificial light; Painting with light; Artificial natural light; The Philadelphia Story; Out of the past: film noir; Moulin Rouge!; Flash in the pan; Chapter 2: Basic exposure; The age of Aquarius; Light and color; Meet the histogram; The perfect exposure , Really available lightCreating high dynamic range images; HDR in Photoshop; Other HDR software; HDR files from scanned film; What does it all mean?; Chapter 3: Digital noise: What it is and how to deal with it; Noise comes from many sources; Chip size vs. noise; Shutter speed vs. ISO speed; Do a noise test; Built-in noise suppression; Noise-reduction software; Got noise?; Picture code; Keepin' it neat; Visual infinity; Applied Science Fiction; The Imaging Factory; Stoic STOIK; Noise in motion; Taking action against noise; Noise in print; Our take on noise; Chapter 4: White balance techniques , Light is light?Real-world color balance; AWB: color-temperature range of approximately 4000-8000 K; Daylight: approximately 5200 K; Shade: approximately 8000 K; Cloudy: approximately 6000 K; Fluorescent light; Tungsten light: approximately 3200 K; Flash: approximately 5400 K; Manual; Facing lighting challenges indoors; On location; Black and white?; In-camera monochrome color effects; No more film storage; Chapter 5: Fast lenses; Zoom vs. prime lenses; Case study: Canon's 85 mm f/1.2 L lens; One more time, boys; Image-stabilization lenses; Case study: fun in Acapulco; In-body stabilization , Does it matter?What about depth of field?; Chapter 6: Tripods and other camera supports; Standing on three legs; It's made of what?; Carbon-fiber choices; Legs and feet; Heads and columns; The tripod bottom line; Monopods; Panorama heads; Alternate supports; Chapter 7: Available light photography at weddings; The new wedding photography; New technology = new opportunities; Wedding-day coverage; Off to the reception; Chapter 8: RAW-image-file capture; Paper or plastic?; What's behind door no. 1; Making the decision; Pros and cons; Digital film?; RAW software; Adobe Camera Raw , Workflow: pictures, you've got picturesSort 'em out; Did somebody say distribution?; Embed copyright with your files; Glossary; Index , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-138-16256-6

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-240-80999-8

Language: English

DOI: 10.4324/9780080886183

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (275 p.)

Edition: 1st edition

ISBN: 0-470-56745-7 , 1-282-27848-7 , 9786612278488 , 0-470-56744-9

Content: A unique guide to creative shutter speed techniques, illustrated with striking full-color examples Along with available light and aperture, shutter speed is one of the variables that determine exposure-the amount of light that reaches the camera's sensor. Set on automatic modes, cameras typically attempt to reduce or eliminate blur in a picture. But by manipulating shutter speed creatively, photographers can achieve a range of striking motion blur or stop-action effects. Using an array of inspiring photographs depicting people, wildlife, and landscapes, Creative Power of Shutter Speed

Note: Includes index. , CREATIVE SHUTTER SPEESHUTTER SPEED: Master Your Camera's Most Powerful Control; About the Author; Credits; Author's Acknowledgments; Contents; Chapter 1: Tap the Power of Every Shutter Speed; 1/8000 Second-the shutter speed of NASA; 1/4000 Second-the shutter speed of NASCAR; 1/2000 Second-the optimal fast shutter speed; 1/1000 Second-a former record holder; 1/500 Second-a nostalgic favorite; 1/250 Second-the all-purpose shutter speed; 1/125 Second-for the scenic shooter; 1/60 Second-when the light dims it shines; 1/30 Second-the optimal slow shutter speed , 1/15 Second-where subjects blur themselves1/8 Second-the blessing of the blur; 1/4 Second-the poet laureate of motion pictures; 1/2 Second-where writing with light becomes reality; 1 Second-breaking the time barrier; 1 Minute-reenact exposures of the "ancients"; 8 Hours-put your camera on the "C" shift; Nano Time-the hidden world of ultra-speed electronic flash; Chapter 2: Understanding Shutter Speed and Exposure; How the shutter works; About exposure; Camera controls for regulating exposure; From good to great exposure; Anatomy of a good exposure; Anatomy of a bad exposure , ISO setting-your secret weaponDetermining the correct exposure; Matching metering modes to scenes; Evaluating pictures as you take them; Evaluating technical exposure with the histogram; Balancing shutter speed and depth of field; Equivalent exposure values; Finding a way to get the shutter speed you want; White balance; Exposure rules of thumb; Adjusting exposure for light type; Adjusting exposure for tricky lighting conditions; Chapter 3: How I Took These Pictures; County Fairs-Mania on the Midway; Curtains Lifted by a Summer Breeze; Swimmers-Half-Triathlon; Stunt Rider at the State Fair , Perfect Timing for the Perfect PoseThe Planned Picture; Boredom-The Great Creation Motivator; Luck, Not Skill; Everyday Life-in Peru; Balloons Away; Review Without Prejudice; Chapter 4: Tools and Controls to Exploit Shutter Speed; The camera you need is a dSLR; But let a snapshot camera tag along; Controls that put you in the right mode; Exposure modes; ISO control; Exposure Compensation; Bracketing mode; Focus controls; Rapid picture-taking; File format; Mirror lockup and exposure delay; Accessories for motion techniques; Lenses; Sport lenses; Image-stabilized lenses; Neutral density filters , Polarizing filtersMemory cards; Monopods and tripods; Shutter release devices; Electronic flash; Image-adjustment software; Chapter 5: Stopping the Action; Everyday shutter speeds; Fast shutter speeds; Timing your shots; Determining a stop-action shutter speed; Action sequences-the art of static action; Taking pictures from moving vehicles; Shutter speeds for sharp pictures while handholding the camera; How to find your personal steadiness shutter speed; Taking sharp pictures at questionable shutter speeds; Chapter 6 :Shake, Rattle, and Roll Your Camera; Pantastic panning , The background of blur , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-470-45362-1

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (161S.)

ISBN: 9783322860101 , 9783409192026

Note: 1. Das Standardproblem der Linearen Optimierung -- 2. Postoptimale Rechnung (Sensibilitätsanalyse) -- 3. Die verallgemeinerte Simplex-Methode -- 4. Die Transportproblem-Methode -- 5. Das Zuordnungsproblem (Vollständige Enumeration) -- 6. Das Rundreiseproblem (Begrenzte Enumeration) -- 7. Kombinationen -- 8. Optimale Lagerhaltung (Dynamische Planungsrechnung) -- 9. Das Branch-and-Bound-Verfahren (Binärer Entscheidungsbaum) -- 10. CPM-Netzplan -- Programm- und Literaturverzeichnis -- Anhang 1: Phasen der Programm-Erstellung -- Anhang 2: Logik-Diagramme -- Anhang 3: BASIC-Sonderzeichen

Language: German

Keywords: Commodore ; BASIC ; Operations Research ; Programm ; Operations Research ; Commodore ; Computer ; BASIC ; Operations Research ; BASIC ; CBM ; BASIC ; Operations Research ; IBM PC

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-322-86010-1

URL: Volltext

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (161 S.)

ISBN: 9783663129905 , 9783409192040

Note: 1. Der Gregorianische Kalender -- 2. Gültigkeitskontrolle eines Datums -- 3. Tagesnummer eines Datums -- 4. Datum zur Tagesnummer -- 5. Wochentagsberechnung für den Neujahrstag -- 6. Wochentag eines beliebigen Datums -- 7. Wochen-Nummer eines Datums -- 8. Datum zu einer Wochen-Nummer -- 9. Datumsfixe und bewegliche Feste -- 10. Monatskalender mit Wochen-Nummer und Feiertagen -- 11. Jahres-Übersichtskalender -- 12. Anzahl der Kalendertage zwischen Anfangs- und Enddatum -- 13. Anzahl der Werktage zwischen zwei Kalenderdaten -- 14. Anzahl der Werktage ohne Samstage -- 15. Datum-Fortschreibung -- 16. Enddatum nach Kalendertagen -- 17. Enddatum nach Werktagen -- Programm- und Literaturverzeichnis -- Anhang 1: Die Phasen der Programm-Erstellung -- Anhang 2: Logik-Diagramme -- Anhang 3: BASIC-Sonderzeichen -- Anhang 4: Liste der verwendeten Variablen-Namen

Language: German

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-663-12990-5

URL: Volltext

UID:

Format: 161 S. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 1984.

ISBN: 9783322860101

Note: 1. Das Standardproblem der Linearen Optimierung -- 2. Postoptimale Rechnung (Sensibilitätsanalyse) -- 3. Die verallgemeinerte Simplex-Methode -- 4. Die Transportproblem-Methode -- 5. Das Zuordnungsproblem (Vollständige Enumeration) -- 6. Das Rundreiseproblem (Begrenzte Enumeration) -- 7. Kombinationen -- 8. Optimale Lagerhaltung (Dynamische Planungsrechnung) -- 9. Das Branch-and-Bound-Verfahren (Binärer Entscheidungsbaum) -- 10. CPM-Netzplan -- Programm- und Literaturverzeichnis -- Anhang 1: Phasen der Programm-Erstellung -- Anhang 2: Logik-Diagramme -- Anhang 3: BASIC-Sonderzeichen.

In: Springer eBooks

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783409192026

Language: German

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-322-86010-1

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86010-1

UID:

Format: 电子文本数据

Content: 自治区物价局关于社会经济调查咨询服务费的批复 藏价费字[2000]第19号 2000年3月8日 中国社会经济调查所西藏工作站： 　　你站《关于申领行政事业性收费许可证的报告》悉。经研究，现批复如下： 　　一、收费项目及收费标准 　　（一）咨询服务费每项50--800元。 　　（二）社会经济项目、课题论证费，每项目课题800--4000元。 　　（三）社会经济调查服务费每项目课题800--8000元。 　　（四）各项工作调查结果平面设计制作（不含发布）每课题4000--10000元。 　　（五）各项调查结果电视、VCD制作（不含发布）每单位10000--50000元。 ……

Note: 文本型

Language: Chinese

URL: Volltext  (点击此处查看法规摘要)

URL: Volltext  (点击此处查看法规摘要)

URL: Volltext  (点击此处查看详细法规全文)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (217 pages)

ISBN: 9781442675742

Content: With the other two volumes of the atlas, it presents a splendid visual record of the roots of our society and the evolution of the intensely regional, culturally diverse nation we know today.

Content: Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Prehistory -- 1 THE LAST ICE SHEET, 18 000-10 000 BC -- 2 THE FLUTED POINT PEOPLE, 9500-8200 BC -- 3 SOUTHERN ONTARIO, 8600 BC -- 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AFTER 9000 BC -- 5 THE PLANO PEOPLE, 8500-6000 BC -- 6 CULTURAL SEQUENCES, 8000-4000 BC -- 7 CULTURAL SEQUENCES, 4000-1000 BC -- 8 CULTURAL SEQUENCES, 1000 BC-AD 500 -- 9 CULTURAL SEQUENCES, AD 500-EUROPEAN CONTACT -- 10 BISON HUNTERS OF THE PLAINS -- 11 PEOPLING THE ARCTIC -- 12 IROQUOIAN AGRICULTURAL SETTLEMENT -- 13 THE COAST TSIMSHIAN, ca 1750 -- 14 PREHISTORIC TRADE -- 15 COSMOLOGY -- 16 NORSE VOYAGES AND SETTLEMENT -- 17 ECOLOGICAL REGIONS, ca AD 1500 -- 17A DESCRIPTIONS OF ECOLOGICAL REGIONS -- 18 POPULATION AND SUBSISTENCE -- The Atlantic Realm -- 19 EXPLORING THE ATLANTIC COAST -- 20 THE ATLANTIC REALM -- 21 THE MIGRATORY FISHERIES -- 22 THE 16TH CENTURY FISHERY -- 23 THE 17TH CENTURY FISHERY -- 24 ÎLE ROYALE, 18TH CENTURY -- 25 THE NEWFOUNDLAND FISHERY, 18TH CENTURY -- 26 TRINITY, 18TH CENTURY -- 27 ST JOHN'S -- 28 THE FISHERY IN ATLANTIC COMMERCE -- 29 ACADIAN MARSHLAND SETTLEMENT -- 30 ACADIAN DEPORTATION AND RETURN -- 31 PRE-LOYALIST NOVA SCOTIA -- 32 MARITIME CANADA, LATE 18TH CENTURY -- Inland Expansion -- 33 THE ST LAWRENCE VALLEY, 16TH CENTURY -- 34 SETTLEMENTS AND MISSIONARIES, 1615-1650 -- 35 THE GREAT LAKES BASIN, 1600-1653 -- 36 FRENCH EXPLORATION -- 37 RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF TRADE, 1654-1666 -- 38 EXPANSION OF FRENCH TRADE, 1667-1696 -- 39 TRADE AND EMPIRE, 1697-1739 -- 40 FRANCE SECURES THE INTERIOR, 1740-1755 -- 41 FRENCH INTERIOR SETTLEMENTS, 1750s -- 42 THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR -- 43 THE BATTLES FOR QUEBEC, 1759-1760 -- 44 INDIAN WAR AND AMERICAN INVASION -- The St Lawrence Settlements -- 45 THE FRENCH ORIGINS OF THE CANADIAN POPULATION, 1608-1759 -- 46 RESETTLING THE ST LAWRENCE VALLEY.

Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780802024954

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9780802024954

Language: English

URL: lizenzpflichtig

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 276 S.)

ISBN: 9783709170687 , 9783709170694

Series Statement: Applied Mineralogy, Technische Mineralogie 11

Note: Es handelt sich bei diesem Buch nicht um eine theoretische Arbeit, sondern es wurden eigene Erfahrungen aus zwei Jahrzehnten zusammengetragen und durch Literatur weitgehend ergänzt. Der Geschaftsführung der Dynamidon-Koppers Industriekeramik GmbH danke ich für die Erlaubnis zur Veröffentlichung, Herrn Dipl.-Ing. D. KRUSE auch für seine persönliche Unterstützung. Ferner danke ich meinen Mitarbeitern Herrn GORSE, Herrn MOLLING sowie meiner Sekretärin und Frau GERLACH. Nachstehend genannte Firmen haben dankenswerterweise Arbeitsmaterial, auch Bilder und Zeichnungen, zur Verfügung gestellt. Bergbauforschung GmbH [9] Forschungsinstitut des Steinkohlenbergbauvereins D-4300 Essen 13 Dynamidon-Koppers Industriekeramik GmbH [30] D-4000 Düsseldorf 11 Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten GmbH [31] D-8000 München 2 Karl August Heimsoth GmbH [51] D-3200 Hildesheim Koppers-Wistra-Ofenbau GmbH [76] D-4000 Düsseldorf 11 Krupp-Koppers GmbH [79] D-4300 Essen 1 [87] Lonza-Werke Elektrochemische Fabriken GmbH D-7890 Waldshut (Baden) Lonza AG CH-4000 Basel Dr. C. Otto & Comp., GmbH [100] D-4630 Bochum-Dahlhausen Preussag AG [107] D-3380 Goslar 1 Verband der Deutschen Feuerfest-Industrie eV [146] D-5300 Bonn Hugo Wachenfeld [147] D-4000 Düsseldorf Roland Wachenfeld [148] D-4000 Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, November 1977 E. H. PETER WECHT Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1. Geschichtlicher Überblick 1 1.2. Statistische Zahlen . 3 2. Das Mineral Siliciumcarbid . 5 2.1. Natürliche Vorkommen 5 2.2. Technisches Siliciumcarbid, Eigenschaften 5 2.2.1. Farbe . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2.2. Chemismus und chemisches Verhalten 6 2.2.3. Härte . . . . . . 8 2.2.4. Spaltbarkeit. . . . 9 2.2.5. Wärmeleitfähigkeit. 10 2.2.6. Reindichte . . . . 10 2.2.6.1. Natürliches Siliciumcarbid 10 2.2.6.2. Technisches Siliciumcarbid

Language: German

Keywords: Siliciumcarbid ; Feuerfestigkeit ; Anwendung ; Hochschulschrift

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-7068-7

URL: Volltext

UID:

Format: 电子文献

Content: 作为2001年"全国十大考古新发现"之一的跨湖桥遗址的年代比闻名于世的河姆渡遗址还早1000年，文化面貌独树一帜，不同于中国东南沿海地区原有的其他考古学文化，是一种新的发现。它将新石器文化又推前了1000年。遗址内涵丰富，特征明确，整体性强。从文化遗址的时空分布角度、探讨整个长江三角洲一太湖流域地区全新世环境演变规律及其对人类生存环境的影响，并需提供有力的证据，始终是国内外环境考古学关注的重点科学问题。因此对本区遗址和古代文化的发展进行环境考古学研究就显得具有更强的现实意义，它将在对今后本地区文化的发展逐渐显示出十分重要的史鉴意义。本文采用环境考古学的理论和方法，并借用地理学和考古学及其他相关学科的研究手段和成果，来探讨跨湖桥遗址文化兴衰的原因，并结合该地区新石器时代的考古遗址，建立早、中期全新世以来长江三角洲地区的海平面波动曲线，并探讨海平面波动对跨湖桥遗址的影响。 跨湖桥遗址位于杭州湾南部-萧山中南部的湘湖之滨，地面海拔为4米；遗址采样的剖面厚为204厘米(从88-292厘米)，按岩性自上而下分为6层(文化层在第五层，198-240厘米)。整个剖面的沉积物都很细，〈63μm的沉积物占97％以上，且从上至下沉积物的颗粒大致上有变细的趋势。文化层的平均粒度最粗。在文化层的上、中、下三层分别取了三个样品，送至北京大学加速器质谱实验室-第四纪年代测定实验室测试，获得的C-14测年数据为：6710±40，6805±35，6870±10，证实了跨湖桥文化遗址是距今约8000年前的遗址。有孔虫分析表明在文化层以上的地层中(88～198厘米)发现了大量的有孔虫，文化层以及下部地层(240～292厘米)中不含任何有孔虫。整个剖面的磁化率比较低；X随着深度的增加，大致上呈减小的趋势，并存在明显的垂向波动(6×10〈'-8〉m〈'3〉kg〈'-1〉～14×10〈'-8〉m〈'3〉kg〈'-1〉)。 有孔虫分析表明跨湖桥遗址的变迁与全新世海平面上升关系密切。这与前人建立的长江三角洲新石器时代的遗址兴衰与全新世海平面波动关系基本一致。本文利用跨湖桥遗址、前期工作搜集到的长江三角洲地区70多个遗址建立了早、中全新世以来的海平面波动曲线；自8000aB.P.到3200aB.R之间相对海平面是在不断上升的，到3200aB.P.时，相对海平面不断接近现今海平面。因此本文认为全新世自8000aB.P.到3200aB.P.之间是没有高海平面存在的，海平面在-4-0米之间不断波动，且不断接近现今海平面的过程。在跨湖桥遗址文化层的下部及文化层(198-292厘米)，没有发现任何有孔虫，仅发现一些淡水类的硅藻，没有受到海水入侵，说明了8000aB.P.时，海平面还没有达到距今海平面-2.4米(跨湖桥文化层底部)；可以推出当时该地区处于地形沼泽或是淡水湖泊的环境，淡水资源充沛，为跨湖桥遗址文化的发展奠定了基础。磁化率较低，说明当时是暖湿的环境，气候温暖湿润，雨量充沛：本区先辈在这种气候环境的影响下，加上河口海岸充沛的淡水资源，三角洲肥沃的土壤，吸引着他们不断由西部山地迁移到山脚和三角洲平原，从事农业和渔业，从而开始了定居生活。文化大概延续了1000年左右，人们在该地区耕作、发展。距今约7000aB.P.左右，跨湖桥地区海平面位于现今-2米以下的位置。在文化层的上部(88-198厘米)，大量有孔虫出现，此外还发现了大量咸水环境的硅藻，所以可能是河口外强大的潮汐和风暴潮作用，致使海水淹没了跨湖桥遗址，人们不得不遗弃居住点，迁移他方继续发展。磁化率稍稍变大，说明当时的温度有所下降，气候也变得略干。在距今7000-3200年前，太湖流域的马家浜文化、崧泽文化、良渚文化在海平面与气候的共同作用下，适宜的气候、肥沃的土壤、充沛的淡水资源使得新石器文明在长江三角洲地区不断演替。据文献报导，在杭州湾南部，浙江省境内还发现了其它年代早于跨湖桥文化(8000～7000aB.P.，杭州湾浦阳江钱塘江交汇处萧山市，海拔约4米)的遗址，它们分别是：上山(11000-9000aB.P.，浦阳江流域浦江县黄宅镇，海拔约53米)，小黄山(10000～8000aB.P.，曹娥江流域嵊州市甘霖镇，海拔约10米)，以及年代与跨湖桥文化相近的河姆渡遗址(7000～6000aB.P.，杭州湾口余姚市，海拔约1米)，这些遗址都发现了稻作农业，且随着时间的推移，它们的居住点是不断由山坡向河口方向迁移的。而在跨湖桥文化文明衰落之后，长江三角洲地区又出现了众多的新石器时期遗址，它们的文明在跨湖桥文化之后继续延续着，包括马家浜文化(7000-6000aB.P.)、崧泽文化(6000-5200aB.P.)、良渚文化(5200—4000aB.P.)及马桥文化(4000-3200aBv)。跨湖桥遗址在8000年前从山坡迁移到杭州湾，开始了它的文明史，经历了1000年左右，文明开始衰落，而在长江三角洲地区出现了大量的新石器遗址；遗址的位置也是随着不同文化的发展(马家浜文化一崧泽文化一良渚文化)，不断从内陆向海推进的。由此分析，跨湖桥遗址在新石器文化早期的浦阳江一钱塘江流域与后期太湖流域的马家浜等文化发展之前起到了关键作用，即作为前跨湖桥文化遗址与后跨湖桥文化遗址的枢纽。

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