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Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource

ISBN: 9783031412646

Serie: Law, governance and technology series volume 58

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe, Hardcover ISBN 978-3-031-41263-9

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback ISBN 978-3-031-41266-0

Sprache: Englisch

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41264-6

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: lizenzpflichtig

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (457 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.

ISBN: 9783031412646 , 3031412648

Serie: Law, Governance and Technology Series, 58

Inhalt: This open access book presents an interdisciplinary, multi-authored, edited collection of chapters on Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) and the Law. AI technology has come to play a central role in the modern data economy. Through a combination of increased computing power, the growing availability of data and the advancement of algorithms, AI has now become an umbrella term for some of the most transformational technological breakthroughs of this age. The importance of AI stems from both the opportunities that it offers and the challenges that it entails. While AI applications hold the promise of economic growth and efficiency gains, they also create significant risks and uncertainty. The potential and perils of AI have thus come to dominate modern discussions of technology and ethics – and although AI was initially allowed to largely develop without guidelines or rules, few would deny that the law is set to play a fundamental role in shaping the future of AI. As the debate overAI is far from over, the need for rigorous analysis has never been greater. This book thus brings together contributors from different fields and backgrounds to explore how the law might provide answers to some of the most pressing questions raised by AI. An outcome of the Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law and its interdisciplinary working group on Law and Artificial Intelligence, it includes contributions by leading scholars in the fields of technology, ethics and the law. .

Anmerkung: Part I Scientific, technological and societal achievements in Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction to Part I -- 1. Artificial intelligence: historical context and state of the art -- 2. The impact of language technologies in the legal domain -- 3. Societal implications of recommendation systems: a technical perspective -- 4. Data-driven approaches in healthcare: challenges and emerging trends -- 5. Security and privacy -- Part II. Ethical and legal challenges in Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction to Part II -- 1. Before and beyond Artificial Intelligence: opportunities and challenges -- 2. Autonomous and intelligent robots: social, legal and ethical issues -- 3. The ethical and legal challenges of recommender systems driven by Artificial Intelligence -- 4. Metacognition, accountability and legal personhood of AI -- 5. Artificial Intelligence and decision-making in health: risks and opportunities -- 6.The autonomous AI physician: medical ethics and legal liability -- 7. Ethical challenges of Artificial Intelligence in medicine and the triple semantic dimensions of algorithmic opacity with its repercussions to patient consent and medical liability -- Part III. The law, governance and regulation of Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction to Part III -- 1. Dismantling four myths in AI & EU Law through legal information ‘about’ reality -- 2. AI modelling of counterfactual thinking for judicial reasoning and governance of law -- 3. Judicial decision-making in the age of Artificial Intelligence -- 4. Liability for AI driven systems -- 5. Risks associated with the use of natural language generation: a Swiss civil liability law perspective -- 6. AI Instruments for risk of recidivism prediction and the possibility of criminal adjudication deprived of personal moral recognition standards – sparse notes from a layman -- 7. The relevance of deepfakes in the administration of criminal justice -- 8. Antitrust law and coordination through Al-based pricing technologies -- 9. The “Artificial Intelligence Act” proposal on European e-Justice domains through the lens of user-focused, user-friendly and effective judicial protection principles -- 10. The European Union’s approach to Artificial Intelligence and the challenge of financial systemic risk -- 11. Regulating AI: challenges and the way forward through regulatory sandboxes.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9783031412639

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 303141263X

Sprache: Englisch

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41264-6

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (457 pages)

Ausgabe: First edition.

ISBN: 3-031-41264-8

Serie: Law, Governance and Technology Series ; v.58.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- About the Book -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Part I Scientific, Technological and Societal Achievements in Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction -- Artificial Intelligence: Historical Context and State of the Art -- 1 Historical Origins -- 2 Can Machines Think? -- 3 Objections to Artificial Intelligence -- 4 Intelligence as Symbol Manipulation -- 5 Machine Learning -- 5.1 Basic Concepts -- 5.2 Statistical Approaches -- 5.3 Similarity-Based Approaches -- 5.4 Decision Trees -- 5.5 Neural Networks -- 6 The Deep Learning Revolution -- 7 Applications in Analytics and Automation -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- The Impact of Language Technologies in the Legal Domain -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Language Processing Technologies for Processing Textual Data -- 2.1 Text Anonymization -- 2.2 Document Classification -- 2.3 Information Retrieval -- 2.4 Information Extraction -- 2.5 Summarization -- 2.6 Question Answering and Conversational Systems -- 2.7 Predictions Supported on Textual Evidence -- 2.8 Summary -- 3 Spoken Language Technologies -- 3.1 Automatic Speech Recognition -- 3.2 Speaker Recognition and Speaker Profiling -- 3.3 Speech Synthesis and Voice Conversion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Societal Implications of Recommendation Systems: A Technical Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Recommendation Systems -- 3 When Recommendation Systems Work -- 3.1 Implications for Consumption -- 3.2 Implications for Democracy -- 4 When Recommendation Systems Fail -- 4.1 Learning from Biased Data: Implications for Individuals -- 4.2 From Bad Algorithms to Discriminatory Policies -- 5 A Way Forward -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Data-Driven Approaches in Healthcare: Challenges and Emerging Trends. , 1 Patient-Centered Care, Value-Based Care and the P4 Medicine Paradigm: Divergent or Complementary? -- 2 Data-Driven Healthcare -- 3 Ethics and Legal Challenges Posed by Artificial Intelligence -- 4 Investments Trends in Healthcare Artificial Intelligence -- References -- Security and Privacy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Defining Security and Privacy -- 2.1 Security Properties -- 2.2 Privacy Properties -- 3 Security and Privacy Problems -- 3.1 Access Control -- 3.2 Vulnerabilities and Attacks -- 3.3 Malware -- 3.4 The Human Factor -- 4 Scientific and Technological Achievements -- 4.1 Cryptography -- 4.2 Hardware-Based Security -- 4.3 Cloud Computing -- 4.4 Digital Money, Assets and Identity -- 5 Security, Privacy, and Machine Learning -- 6 Censorship Resistance -- 6.1 Anonymity Networks -- 6.2 Multimedia Protocol Tunneling -- 6.3 Avoiding ML Attacks -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Part II Ethical and Legal Challenges in Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction -- Before and Beyond Artificial Intelligence: Opportunitiesand Challenges -- 1 Few Presuppositions that Shape the Reflection on AI -- 2 Can Machines Imitate Humans? -- 2.1 The Key Question -- 2.2 The First AI Steps -- 2.3 The Encouraging Achievements -- 3 Can Humans Imitate Machines? -- 3.1 Functional Level -- 3.2 Structural Level -- 3.3 Identity Level -- 4 How Should (Ethics)/Ought (Law) Humans and Machines Relate? -- 4.1 Ethical Requirements -- 4.2 Law and Legal Procedures -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Autonomous and Intelligent Robots: Social, Legal and Ethical Issues -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Industrial Robots and Automation vs Service Robots -- 3 Robots and Humans: The Rise of Intelligent and Social Robots -- 4 Ethical, Social and Legal Impacts -- 4.1 Ethical Issues -- 4.2 Social Issues -- 4.3 Legal Issues -- 5 Conclusions -- References. , The Ethical and Legal Challenges of Recommender Systems Driven by Artificial Intelligence -- 1 Introduction -- 2 What are AI's Recommender Systems? -- 3 Ethical and Legal Challenges Associated with RS -- 3.1 Opacity -- 3.2 Discriminatory Bias -- 3.3 Privacy and Data Protection Violations -- 3.4 Diminished Human Autonomy and Self-Determination -- 3.5 Polarization and Manipulation of Democratic Processes -- 4 Recommender Systems: Legal and Regulatory Challenges -- 4.1 Lack of Transparency -- 4.2 Trade Secret -- 4.3 Constantly Changing Technology -- 4.4 Difficulties of Implementation of Data Subjects' Rights in Practice -- 4.5 Difficulties of Rules' Application -- 4.6 Beyond Damage Prevention -- 5 Strategies and Possible Solutions to the Challenges Created by RS -- 5.1 Best Practices Beyond Law -- 5.1.1 Regulation by Technology: Strategies by Design and by Default -- 5.1.2 Implementation of (Human Rights) Impact Assessments -- 5.1.3 Guarantee of Greater Transparency and Explanation of AI (Explainable AI) -- 5.1.4 Codes of Conduct (Self-Regulation) -- 5.1.5 Digital Education in AI -- 5.2 Specific Legal Regulation for AI Systems -- 5.2.1 Digital Services Act (DSA) -- 5.2.2 Proposal of an Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Metacognition, Accountability and Legal Personhood of AI -- 1 Introduction -- 2 What Is the Common Denominator in Agency? -- 3 What Is a Voluntary Act? -- 4 What Makes an Agent a Legally Responsible One? -- 5 Metacognition: Shaping Legal Responsibility -- 6 Accountability and Legal Personhood -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Artificial Intelligence and Decision Making in Health: Risks and Opportunities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Decision-Making Processes in Health and AI -- 2.1 The Health Area the Use of AI and Decision-Making Processes: Opportunities and Risks to Treat Electronic Health Records (EHR). , 2.2 The Opportunities -- 2.3 The Risks -- 3 Complex Bioethics Model (CBM) and AI -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- The Autonomous AI Physician: Medical Ethics and Legal Liability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Artificial Intelligence in Pathology -- 3 The Autonomous AI Physician: Parameters -- 4 Ethical and Legal Implications of the Autonomous AI Physician -- 4.1 Ethical Consideration: Transparency -- 4.2 Ethical Considerations: Reliability and Safety -- 4.3 Ethical Consideration: Bias -- 4.4 Legal Considerations: Data Privacy -- 4.5 Legal Consideration: Liability -- 5 Regulating the Autonomous AI Physician -- 5.1 Healthcare Industry Regulation -- 5.2 Government Regulation -- 5.2.1 Safety Regulation -- 5.2.2 Data Regulation -- 5.3 Liability for Injuries -- 5.3.1 Products Liability -- 5.3.2 Organizational, Vicarious, and Enterprise Liability -- 5.3.3 Medical Malpractice -- 5.3.4 Contractual Assignment of Liability -- 5.3.5 Special Adjudication Systems -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Ethical Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and the Triple Semantic Dimensions of Algorithmic Opacity with Its Repercussions to Patient Consent and Medical Liability -- 1 Introduction: Advantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine -- 2 Triple Semantic Dimensions of Algorithmic Opacity and Its Repercussions to Patient Consent and Medical Liability -- 3 Ethical Dimensions of Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Healthcare Sector: Setting the Parameters for Data-Informed Duties in Tort Law -- 4 Concluding Notes: The Future of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine and the Importance of Medical Education in Digital Health and New Technologies -- References -- Part III The Law, Governance and Regulation of Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction -- Dismantling Four Myths in AI & -- EU Law Through Legal Information `About' Reality -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Digital Sovereignty -- 3 Digital Constitutionalism -- 4 The Brussels Effect -- 5 `HAI' (Human-Centric Artificial Intelligence) -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- AI Modelling of Counterfactual Thinking for Judicial Reasoning and Governance of Law -- 1 Introduction and Motivation -- 2 Some Societal and Historical Background -- 3 On Counterfactual Reasoning -- 4 Counterfactual Reasoning and Conflicts of Interest in Large Populations -- 5 Stag Hunting and Law: From Plea Bargaining to International Agreements and AI Regulation -- 6 Evolutionary Games with Counterfactual Thinking (CT) -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Judicial Decision-Making in the Age of Artificial Intelligence -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Sentencing Process -- 3 S v Loomis -- 4 The "Technology Effect" -- 5 "Automation Bias" and the Anchoring Effect -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Liability for AI Driven Systems -- 1 Presentation of the Problems -- 2 Subjective Liability in Case of Alternative Causation -- 3 Strict Liability -- 4 Exemption from Liability for Damage Caused by an AI System -- References -- Risks Associated with the Use of Natural Language Generation: Swiss Civil Liability Law Perspective -- 1 Technical Basics on Natural Language Generation -- 1.1 Introduction to Technical Aspects -- 1.2 Risks of Reinforcement Learning -- 1.2.1 Undesirable Language Generation -- 1.2.2 Code Generation and Vulnerable Code Data -- 1.3 Detection of Machine Generated Text -- 1.4 Operator Influence on Output -- 1.4.1 General Remarks -- 1.4.2 Data and Methods -- 1.4.3 Samples of Operator Influence -- 2 Legal Aspects -- 2.1 Introduction to Legal Analysis -- 2.2 Liability for Autonomous Actions of AI in General -- 2.2.1 Unforeseeable Actions of Self-Learning AI as a Challenge for Tort Law -- 2.2.2 Respondent to Tort Claim -- 2.2.3 Causality as the Limiting Factor of Liability. , 2.3 Directive on Defective Products.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 3-031-41263-X

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (xv, 456 pages) : , illustrations (some color).

ISBN: 9783031412646 , 3031412648

Serie: Law, Governance and Technology Series, volume 58

Inhalt: This open access book presents an interdisciplinary, multi-authored, edited collection of chapters on Artificial Intelligence ("AI") and the Law. AI technology has come to play a central role in the modern data economy. Through a combination of increased computing power, the growing availability of data and the advancement of algorithms, AI has now become an umbrella term for some of the most transformational technological breakthroughs of this age. The importance of AI stems from both the opportunities that it offers and the challenges that it entails. While AI applications hold the promise of economic growth and efficiency gains, they also create significant risks and uncertainty. The potential and perils of AI have thus come to dominate modern discussions of technology and ethics -- and although AI was initially allowed to largely develop without guidelines or rules, few would deny that the law is set to play a fundamental role in shaping the future of AI. As the debate over AI is far from over, the need for rigorous analysis has never been greater. This book thus brings together contributors from different fields and backgrounds to explore how the law might provide answers to some of the most pressing questions raised by AI. An outcome of the Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law and its interdisciplinary working group on Law and Artificial Intelligence, it includes contributions by leading scholars in the fields of technology, ethics and the law.

Anmerkung: Part I Scientific, technological and societal achievements in Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction to Part I -- 1. Artificial intelligence: historical context and state of the art -- 2. The impact of language technologies in the legal domain -- 3. Societal implications of recommendation systems: a technical perspective -- 4. Data-driven approaches in healthcare: challenges and emerging trends -- 5. Security and privacy -- Part II. Ethical and legal challenges in Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction to Part II -- 1. Before and beyond Artificial Intelligence: opportunities and challenges -- 2. Autonomous and intelligent robots: social, legal and ethical issues -- 3. The ethical and legal challenges of recommender systems driven by Artificial Intelligence -- 4. Metacognition, accountability and legal personhood of AI -- 5. Artificial Intelligence and decision-making in health: risks and opportunities -- 6. The autonomous AI physician: medical ethics and legal liability -- 7. Ethical challenges of Artificial Intelligence in medicine and the triple semantic dimensions of algorithmic opacity with its repercussions to patient consent and medical liability -- Part III. The law, governance and regulation of Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction to Part III -- 1. Dismantling four myths in AI & EU Law through legal information 'about' reality -- 2. AI modelling of counterfactual thinking for judicial reasoning and governance of law -- 3. Judicial decision-making in the age of Artificial Intelligence -- 4. Liability for AI driven systems -- 5. Risks associated with the use of natural language generation: a Swiss civil liability law perspective -- 6. AI Instruments for risk of recidivism prediction and the possibility of criminal adjudication deprived of personal moral recognition standards : sparse notes from a layman -- 7. The relevance of deepfakes in the administration of criminal justice -- 8. Antitrust law and coordination through Al-based pricing technologies -- 9. The "Artificial Intelligence Act" proposal on European e-Justice domains through the lens of user-focused, user-friendly and effective judicial protection principles -- 10. The European Union’s approach to Artificial Intelligence and the challenge of financial systemic risk -- 11. Regulating AI: challenges and the way forward through regulatory sandboxes.

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41264-6

URL: SpringerLink

URL: Kortext

URL: Click here to view book

UID:

Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (456 p.)

ISBN: 9783031412646 , 9783031412639

Serie: Law, Governance and Technology Series

Inhalt: This open access book presents an interdisciplinary, multi-authored, edited collection of chapters on Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) and the Law. AI technology has come to play a central role in the modern data economy. Through a combination of increased computing power, the growing availability of data and the advancement of algorithms, AI has now become an umbrella term for some of the most transformational technological breakthroughs of this age. The importance of AI stems from both the opportunities that it offers and the challenges that it entails. While AI applications hold the promise of economic growth and efficiency gains, they also create significant risks and uncertainty. The potential and perils of AI have thus come to dominate modern discussions of technology and ethics – and although AI was initially allowed to largely develop without guidelines or rules, few would deny that the law is set to play a fundamental role in shaping the future of AI. As the debate over AI is far from over, the need for rigorous analysis has never been greater. This book thus brings together contributors from different fields and backgrounds to explore how the law might provide answers to some of the most pressing questions raised by AI. An outcome of the Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law and its interdisciplinary working group on Law and Artificial Intelligence, it includes contributions by leading scholars in the fields of technology, ethics and the law

Anmerkung: English

Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache

URL: kostenfrei

UID:

Umfang: XV, 456 p. 20 illus., 18 illus. in color. , online resource.

Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.

ISBN: 9783031412646

Serie: Law, Governance and Technology Series, 58

Inhalt: This open access book presents an interdisciplinary, multi-authored, edited collection of chapters on Artificial Intelligence ('AI') and the Law. AI technology has come to play a central role in the modern data economy. Through a combination of increased computing power, the growing availability of data and the advancement of algorithms, AI has now become an umbrella term for some of the most transformational technological breakthroughs of this age. The importance of AI stems from both the opportunities that it offers and the challenges that it entails. While AI applications hold the promise of economic growth and efficiency gains, they also create significant risks and uncertainty. The potential and perils of AI have thus come to dominate modern discussions of technology and ethics - and although AI was initially allowed to largely develop without guidelines or rules, few would deny that the law is set to play a fundamental role in shaping the future of AI. As the debate over AI is far from over, the need for rigorous analysis has never been greater. This book thus brings together contributors from different fields and backgrounds to explore how the law might provide answers to some of the most pressing questions raised by AI. An outcome of the Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law and its interdisciplinary working group on Law and Artificial Intelligence, it includes contributions by leading scholars in the fields of technology, ethics and the law. .

Anmerkung: Part I Scientific, technological and societal achievements in Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction to Part I -- 1. Artificial intelligence: historical context and state of the art -- 2. The impact of language technologies in the legal domain -- 3. Societal implications of recommendation systems: a technical perspective -- 4. Data-driven approaches in healthcare: challenges and emerging trends -- 5. Security and privacy -- Part II. Ethical and legal challenges in Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction to Part II -- 1. Before and beyond Artificial Intelligence: opportunities and challenges -- 2. Autonomous and intelligent robots: social, legal and ethical issues -- 3. The ethical and legal challenges of recommender systems driven by Artificial Intelligence -- 4. Metacognition, accountability and legal personhood of AI -- 5. Artificial Intelligence and decision-making in health: risks and opportunities -- 6. The autonomous AI physician: medical ethics and legal liability -- 7. Ethical challenges of Artificial Intelligence in medicine and the triple semantic dimensions of algorithmic opacity with its repercussions to patient consent and medical liability -- Part III. The law, governance and regulation of Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction to Part III -- 1. Dismantling four myths in AI & EU Law through legal information 'about' reality -- 2. AI modelling of counterfactual thinking for judicial reasoning and governance of law -- 3. Judicial decision-making in the age of Artificial Intelligence -- 4. Liability for AI driven systems -- 5. Risks associated with the use of natural language generation: a Swiss civil liability law perspective -- 6. AI Instruments for risk of recidivism prediction and the possibility of criminal adjudication deprived of personal moral recognition standards - sparse notes from a layman -- 7. The relevance of deepfakes in the administration of criminal justice -- 8. Antitrust law and coordination through Al-based pricing technologies -- 9. The "Artificial Intelligence Act" proposal on European e-Justice domains through the lens of user-focused, user-friendly and effective judicial protection principles -- 10. The European Union's approach to Artificial Intelligence and the challenge of financial systemic risk -- 11. Regulating AI: challenges and the way forward through regulatory sandboxes.

In: Springer Nature eBook

Weitere Ausg.: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031412639

Weitere Ausg.: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031412653

Weitere Ausg.: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031412660

Sprache: Englisch

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41264-6

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41264-6

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (457 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9783031412646

Serie: Law, Governance and Technology Series ; v.58

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- About the Book -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Part I Scientific, Technological and Societal Achievements in Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction -- Artificial Intelligence: Historical Context and State of the Art -- 1 Historical Origins -- 2 Can Machines Think? -- 3 Objections to Artificial Intelligence -- 4 Intelligence as Symbol Manipulation -- 5 Machine Learning -- 5.1 Basic Concepts -- 5.2 Statistical Approaches -- 5.3 Similarity-Based Approaches -- 5.4 Decision Trees -- 5.5 Neural Networks -- 6 The Deep Learning Revolution -- 7 Applications in Analytics and Automation -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- The Impact of Language Technologies in the Legal Domain -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Language Processing Technologies for Processing Textual Data -- 2.1 Text Anonymization -- 2.2 Document Classification -- 2.3 Information Retrieval -- 2.4 Information Extraction -- 2.5 Summarization -- 2.6 Question Answering and Conversational Systems -- 2.7 Predictions Supported on Textual Evidence -- 2.8 Summary -- 3 Spoken Language Technologies -- 3.1 Automatic Speech Recognition -- 3.2 Speaker Recognition and Speaker Profiling -- 3.3 Speech Synthesis and Voice Conversion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Societal Implications of Recommendation Systems: A Technical Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Recommendation Systems -- 3 When Recommendation Systems Work -- 3.1 Implications for Consumption -- 3.2 Implications for Democracy -- 4 When Recommendation Systems Fail -- 4.1 Learning from Biased Data: Implications for Individuals -- 4.2 From Bad Algorithms to Discriminatory Policies -- 5 A Way Forward -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Data-Driven Approaches in Healthcare: Challenges and Emerging Trends. , 1 Patient-Centered Care, Value-Based Care and the P4 Medicine Paradigm: Divergent or Complementary? -- 2 Data-Driven Healthcare -- 3 Ethics and Legal Challenges Posed by Artificial Intelligence -- 4 Investments Trends in Healthcare Artificial Intelligence -- References -- Security and Privacy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Defining Security and Privacy -- 2.1 Security Properties -- 2.2 Privacy Properties -- 3 Security and Privacy Problems -- 3.1 Access Control -- 3.2 Vulnerabilities and Attacks -- 3.3 Malware -- 3.4 The Human Factor -- 4 Scientific and Technological Achievements -- 4.1 Cryptography -- 4.2 Hardware-Based Security -- 4.3 Cloud Computing -- 4.4 Digital Money, Assets and Identity -- 5 Security, Privacy, and Machine Learning -- 6 Censorship Resistance -- 6.1 Anonymity Networks -- 6.2 Multimedia Protocol Tunneling -- 6.3 Avoiding ML Attacks -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Part II Ethical and Legal Challenges in Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction -- Before and Beyond Artificial Intelligence: Opportunitiesand Challenges -- 1 Few Presuppositions that Shape the Reflection on AI -- 2 Can Machines Imitate Humans? -- 2.1 The Key Question -- 2.2 The First AI Steps -- 2.3 The Encouraging Achievements -- 3 Can Humans Imitate Machines? -- 3.1 Functional Level -- 3.2 Structural Level -- 3.3 Identity Level -- 4 How Should (Ethics)/Ought (Law) Humans and Machines Relate? -- 4.1 Ethical Requirements -- 4.2 Law and Legal Procedures -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Autonomous and Intelligent Robots: Social, Legal and Ethical Issues -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Industrial Robots and Automation vs Service Robots -- 3 Robots and Humans: The Rise of Intelligent and Social Robots -- 4 Ethical, Social and Legal Impacts -- 4.1 Ethical Issues -- 4.2 Social Issues -- 4.3 Legal Issues -- 5 Conclusions -- References. , The Ethical and Legal Challenges of Recommender Systems Driven by Artificial Intelligence -- 1 Introduction -- 2 What are AI's Recommender Systems? -- 3 Ethical and Legal Challenges Associated with RS -- 3.1 Opacity -- 3.2 Discriminatory Bias -- 3.3 Privacy and Data Protection Violations -- 3.4 Diminished Human Autonomy and Self-Determination -- 3.5 Polarization and Manipulation of Democratic Processes -- 4 Recommender Systems: Legal and Regulatory Challenges -- 4.1 Lack of Transparency -- 4.2 Trade Secret -- 4.3 Constantly Changing Technology -- 4.4 Difficulties of Implementation of Data Subjects' Rights in Practice -- 4.5 Difficulties of Rules' Application -- 4.6 Beyond Damage Prevention -- 5 Strategies and Possible Solutions to the Challenges Created by RS -- 5.1 Best Practices Beyond Law -- 5.1.1 Regulation by Technology: Strategies by Design and by Default -- 5.1.2 Implementation of (Human Rights) Impact Assessments -- 5.1.3 Guarantee of Greater Transparency and Explanation of AI (Explainable AI) -- 5.1.4 Codes of Conduct (Self-Regulation) -- 5.1.5 Digital Education in AI -- 5.2 Specific Legal Regulation for AI Systems -- 5.2.1 Digital Services Act (DSA) -- 5.2.2 Proposal of an Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Metacognition, Accountability and Legal Personhood of AI -- 1 Introduction -- 2 What Is the Common Denominator in Agency? -- 3 What Is a Voluntary Act? -- 4 What Makes an Agent a Legally Responsible One? -- 5 Metacognition: Shaping Legal Responsibility -- 6 Accountability and Legal Personhood -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Artificial Intelligence and Decision Making in Health: Risks and Opportunities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Decision-Making Processes in Health and AI -- 2.1 The Health Area the Use of AI and Decision-Making Processes: Opportunities and Risks to Treat Electronic Health Records (EHR). , 2.2 The Opportunities -- 2.3 The Risks -- 3 Complex Bioethics Model (CBM) and AI -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- The Autonomous AI Physician: Medical Ethics and Legal Liability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Artificial Intelligence in Pathology -- 3 The Autonomous AI Physician: Parameters -- 4 Ethical and Legal Implications of the Autonomous AI Physician -- 4.1 Ethical Consideration: Transparency -- 4.2 Ethical Considerations: Reliability and Safety -- 4.3 Ethical Consideration: Bias -- 4.4 Legal Considerations: Data Privacy -- 4.5 Legal Consideration: Liability -- 5 Regulating the Autonomous AI Physician -- 5.1 Healthcare Industry Regulation -- 5.2 Government Regulation -- 5.2.1 Safety Regulation -- 5.2.2 Data Regulation -- 5.3 Liability for Injuries -- 5.3.1 Products Liability -- 5.3.2 Organizational, Vicarious, and Enterprise Liability -- 5.3.3 Medical Malpractice -- 5.3.4 Contractual Assignment of Liability -- 5.3.5 Special Adjudication Systems -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Ethical Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and the Triple Semantic Dimensions of Algorithmic Opacity with Its Repercussions to Patient Consent and Medical Liability -- 1 Introduction: Advantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine -- 2 Triple Semantic Dimensions of Algorithmic Opacity and Its Repercussions to Patient Consent and Medical Liability -- 3 Ethical Dimensions of Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Healthcare Sector: Setting the Parameters for Data-Informed Duties in Tort Law -- 4 Concluding Notes: The Future of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine and the Importance of Medical Education in Digital Health and New Technologies -- References -- Part III The Law, Governance and Regulation of Artificial Intelligence -- Introduction -- Dismantling Four Myths in AI & -- EU Law Through Legal Information `About' Reality -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Digital Sovereignty -- 3 Digital Constitutionalism -- 4 The Brussels Effect -- 5 `HAI' (Human-Centric Artificial Intelligence) -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- AI Modelling of Counterfactual Thinking for Judicial Reasoning and Governance of Law -- 1 Introduction and Motivation -- 2 Some Societal and Historical Background -- 3 On Counterfactual Reasoning -- 4 Counterfactual Reasoning and Conflicts of Interest in Large Populations -- 5 Stag Hunting and Law: From Plea Bargaining to International Agreements and AI Regulation -- 6 Evolutionary Games with Counterfactual Thinking (CT) -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Judicial Decision-Making in the Age of Artificial Intelligence -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Sentencing Process -- 3 S v Loomis -- 4 The "Technology Effect" -- 5 "Automation Bias" and the Anchoring Effect -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Liability for AI Driven Systems -- 1 Presentation of the Problems -- 2 Subjective Liability in Case of Alternative Causation -- 3 Strict Liability -- 4 Exemption from Liability for Damage Caused by an AI System -- References -- Risks Associated with the Use of Natural Language Generation: Swiss Civil Liability Law Perspective -- 1 Technical Basics on Natural Language Generation -- 1.1 Introduction to Technical Aspects -- 1.2 Risks of Reinforcement Learning -- 1.2.1 Undesirable Language Generation -- 1.2.2 Code Generation and Vulnerable Code Data -- 1.3 Detection of Machine Generated Text -- 1.4 Operator Influence on Output -- 1.4.1 General Remarks -- 1.4.2 Data and Methods -- 1.4.3 Samples of Operator Influence -- 2 Legal Aspects -- 2.1 Introduction to Legal Analysis -- 2.2 Liability for Autonomous Actions of AI in General -- 2.2.1 Unforeseeable Actions of Self-Learning AI as a Challenge for Tort Law -- 2.2.2 Respondent to Tort Claim -- 2.2.3 Causality as the Limiting Factor of Liability. , 2.3 Directive on Defective Products.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Sousa Antunes, Henrique Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the Law Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2024 ISBN 9783031412639

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books.

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