Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (258 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-08-100113-4

Series Statement: Woodhead Publishing in Mechanical Engineering

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover -- Bird Strike: An Experimental, Theoretical, and Numerical Investigation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. History of bird strike -- 1.3. Importance of bird strike -- 1.4. Solutions to bird-strike problem -- 1.5. Outline of the book -- References -- Chapter 2: Statistics -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Reporting a bird strike -- 2.3. Human losses and damages to aircraft -- 2.3.1. Annual increases -- 2.3.2. Damaged aircraft components -- 2.3.3. Engine type -- 2.3.4. Incident month -- 2.3.5. Light conditions -- 2.3.6. Height -- 2.3.7. Aircraft speed -- 2.3.8. Phase of flight -- 2.3.9. Precipitation -- 2.3.10. Wildlife species -- 2.3.11. Wildlife species size -- 2.3.12. Birds struck -- 2.4. Economic loss -- 2.5. Bird strike worldwide -- 2.5.1. Australia -- 2.5.2. Brazil -- 2.5.3. Czech Republic -- 2.5.4. France -- 2.5.5. Iran -- 2.5.6. United Kingdom -- 2.6. Risk assessment -- References -- Chapter 3: Bird strike: prevention and proofing -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Prevention: on-board equipment -- 3.3. Prevention: airports -- 3.3.1. Aircraft flight path and schedule modifications -- 3.3.2. Habitat modification and exclusion -- 3.3.3. Repellent and harassment techniques -- 3.3.4. Wildlife removal -- 3.4. Prevention: away from airports -- 3.4.1. Radar systems -- 3.4.2. Thermal imager -- 3.4.3. Bird distribution maps -- 3.5. Birds and their characteristics -- 3.6. Bird-proofing regulations -- References -- Chapter 4: Theoretical background -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. 2D hydrodynamic theory -- 4.2.1. Shock regime -- 4.2.2. Release regime -- 4.2.3. Steady flow regime -- 4.2.4. Termination of impact -- 4.3. Inclined impacts -- 4.3.1. Projectile yaw -- 4.3.2. Oblique impact -- 4.4. Flexible targets -- 4.4.1. Effect of porosity -- 4.5. 3D hydrodynamic theory -- 4.6. Turbofan bladed-rotor. , References -- Chapter 5: Flat plate experimental tests -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Experimental set-up -- 5.2.1. Gun systems -- 5.2.2. Support systems -- 5.2.3. Measurement systems -- 5.2.4. Bird impactors -- 5.3. Hopkinson bar test -- 5.3.1. Test set-up -- 5.3.2. Hopkinson bar test results -- 5.3.2.1. Force-time profiles -- 5.3.2.2. Transferred momentum -- 5.4. Rigid plate tests -- 5.4.1. Rigid plate results -- 5.4.2. Comparison with theory -- 5.4.2.1. Initial impact pressure -- 5.4.2.2. Stagnation pressure -- 5.4.2.3. Flow termination -- 5.5. Effects of target compliance -- 5.5.1. Deformation modes -- 5.5.2. Experimental set-up -- 5.5.3. Results -- References -- Chapter 6: Finite element bird-strike modeling -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Structural nonlinearity -- 6.2.1. Geometric nonlinearity -- 6.2.2. Material nonlinearity -- 6.2.3. Force and displacement nonlinearity -- 6.3. Numerical approaches for bird strike -- 6.3.1. Lagrange -- 6.3.2. Eulerian -- 6.3.3. Arbitrary Lagrangian Method (ALE) -- 6.3.4. Smoothed particles hydrodynamics (SPH) -- 6.3.5. Nodal masses (MN) method -- 6.3.6. Comparison of the numerical approaches -- 6.4. Bird material modeling -- 6.5. Equations of state (EOS) -- 6.5.1. Linear EOS -- 6.5.2. Polynomial EOS -- 6.5.3. Tabulated EOS -- 6.5.4. Mie-Grüneisen EOS -- 6.6. Fluid-structure interactions -- 6.6.1. Contact algorithms for Lagrange -- 6.6.2. Contact algorithms for SPH -- 6.7. Hourglass control -- 6.8. Bird geometry modeling -- 6.8.1. Traditional bird models -- 6.8.2. Advanced geometry -- 6.9. Differences in pressure readings -- 6.10. Similarity law for bird strike -- References -- Chapter 7: Case studies -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Composite fuselage -- 7.3. Airplane transparent components -- 7.4. Jet engines -- 7.5. Fan blade stability -- 7.6. Sandwich panels -- 7.7. Empennage and wing. , 7.8. Helicopters and tiltrotors -- 7.8.1. Tiltrotor rotor spinner and control -- 7.8.2. Tiltrotor empennage -- 7.8.3. Helicopter cockpit -- 7.8.4. Helicopter windshield -- References -- Chapter 8: Tutorials for bird-strike simulation using ANSYS/LS-DYNA -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Introduction to LS-DYNA -- 8.3. Common conditions -- 8.4. Lagrangian bird model -- 8.5. SPH bird model -- 8.6. ALE bird model -- References -- Appendix 1: keyword files -- A.1. Lagrangian bird -- A.2. ALE bird -- A.3. SPH bird -- Index.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-08-100093-6

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books.

URL: Click to View

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (258 pages) : , color illustrations, photographs.

ISBN: 9780081001134 (e-book)

Series Statement: Woodhead Publishing in Mechanical Engineering

Additional Edition: Print version: Hedayati, Reza. Bird strike : an experimental, theoretical and numerical investigation. Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : Elsevier, c2016 ISBN 9780081000939

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books.

URL: Click to View

UID:

Format: vi, 251 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme

ISBN: 9780081000939

Series Statement: Woodhead Publishing in mechanical engineering

Content: Bird strikes are one of the most dangerous threats to civil and military flight safety: between 1960 and 2014, they were responsible for the destruction of approximately 150 civil aircraft and the deaths of 271 people. Bird Strike presents a summary of the damage imposed on the aviation industries by their avian counterparts. This book first presents and analyzes the statistics obtained from bird strike databases and offers various methods for minimizing the overall probability of bird-strike events. The next chapters explore how to analyze the ability of aero-engine critical structures to withstand bird-strike events by implementing reliable experimental, theoretical, and numerical methods. Finally, the book investigates the impact of bird strikes on different components of aircrafts, such as the metal fuselage, composite fuselage, engines, wings, and tail, and proposes two new bird models, with explanations of their use

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe ISBN 978-0-08-100113-4

Language: English

Subjects: Engineering

Keywords: Flugsicherheit ; Vogelschlag

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (vi, 251 Seiten) , color illustrations

ISBN: 9780081001134 , 9780081000939

Series Statement: Woodhead Publishing in mechanical engineering

Content: Bird strikes are one of the most dangerous threats to civil and military flight safety: between 1960 and 2014, they were responsible for the destruction of approximately 150 civil aircraft and the deaths of 271 people. Bird Strike presents a summary of the damage imposed on the aviation industries by their avian counterparts. This book first presents and analyzes the statistics obtained from bird strike databases and offers various methods for minimizing the overall probability of bird-strike events. The next chapters explore how to analyze the ability of aero-engine critical structures to withstand bird-strike events by implementing reliable experimental, theoretical, and numerical methods. Finally, the book investigates the impact of bird strikes on different components of aircrafts, such as the metal fuselage, composite fuselage, engines, wings, and tail, and proposes two new bird models, with explanations of their use

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index

Language: English

Subjects: Engineering

Keywords: Flugsicherheit ; Vogelschlag

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (258 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-08-100113-4

Series Statement: Woodhead Publishing in Mechanical Engineering

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover -- Bird Strike: An Experimental, Theoretical, and Numerical Investigation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. History of bird strike -- 1.3. Importance of bird strike -- 1.4. Solutions to bird-strike problem -- 1.5. Outline of the book -- References -- Chapter 2: Statistics -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Reporting a bird strike -- 2.3. Human losses and damages to aircraft -- 2.3.1. Annual increases -- 2.3.2. Damaged aircraft components -- 2.3.3. Engine type -- 2.3.4. Incident month -- 2.3.5. Light conditions -- 2.3.6. Height -- 2.3.7. Aircraft speed -- 2.3.8. Phase of flight -- 2.3.9. Precipitation -- 2.3.10. Wildlife species -- 2.3.11. Wildlife species size -- 2.3.12. Birds struck -- 2.4. Economic loss -- 2.5. Bird strike worldwide -- 2.5.1. Australia -- 2.5.2. Brazil -- 2.5.3. Czech Republic -- 2.5.4. France -- 2.5.5. Iran -- 2.5.6. United Kingdom -- 2.6. Risk assessment -- References -- Chapter 3: Bird strike: prevention and proofing -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Prevention: on-board equipment -- 3.3. Prevention: airports -- 3.3.1. Aircraft flight path and schedule modifications -- 3.3.2. Habitat modification and exclusion -- 3.3.3. Repellent and harassment techniques -- 3.3.4. Wildlife removal -- 3.4. Prevention: away from airports -- 3.4.1. Radar systems -- 3.4.2. Thermal imager -- 3.4.3. Bird distribution maps -- 3.5. Birds and their characteristics -- 3.6. Bird-proofing regulations -- References -- Chapter 4: Theoretical background -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. 2D hydrodynamic theory -- 4.2.1. Shock regime -- 4.2.2. Release regime -- 4.2.3. Steady flow regime -- 4.2.4. Termination of impact -- 4.3. Inclined impacts -- 4.3.1. Projectile yaw -- 4.3.2. Oblique impact -- 4.4. Flexible targets -- 4.4.1. Effect of porosity -- 4.5. 3D hydrodynamic theory -- 4.6. Turbofan bladed-rotor. , References -- Chapter 5: Flat plate experimental tests -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Experimental set-up -- 5.2.1. Gun systems -- 5.2.2. Support systems -- 5.2.3. Measurement systems -- 5.2.4. Bird impactors -- 5.3. Hopkinson bar test -- 5.3.1. Test set-up -- 5.3.2. Hopkinson bar test results -- 5.3.2.1. Force-time profiles -- 5.3.2.2. Transferred momentum -- 5.4. Rigid plate tests -- 5.4.1. Rigid plate results -- 5.4.2. Comparison with theory -- 5.4.2.1. Initial impact pressure -- 5.4.2.2. Stagnation pressure -- 5.4.2.3. Flow termination -- 5.5. Effects of target compliance -- 5.5.1. Deformation modes -- 5.5.2. Experimental set-up -- 5.5.3. Results -- References -- Chapter 6: Finite element bird-strike modeling -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Structural nonlinearity -- 6.2.1. Geometric nonlinearity -- 6.2.2. Material nonlinearity -- 6.2.3. Force and displacement nonlinearity -- 6.3. Numerical approaches for bird strike -- 6.3.1. Lagrange -- 6.3.2. Eulerian -- 6.3.3. Arbitrary Lagrangian Method (ALE) -- 6.3.4. Smoothed particles hydrodynamics (SPH) -- 6.3.5. Nodal masses (MN) method -- 6.3.6. Comparison of the numerical approaches -- 6.4. Bird material modeling -- 6.5. Equations of state (EOS) -- 6.5.1. Linear EOS -- 6.5.2. Polynomial EOS -- 6.5.3. Tabulated EOS -- 6.5.4. Mie-Grüneisen EOS -- 6.6. Fluid-structure interactions -- 6.6.1. Contact algorithms for Lagrange -- 6.6.2. Contact algorithms for SPH -- 6.7. Hourglass control -- 6.8. Bird geometry modeling -- 6.8.1. Traditional bird models -- 6.8.2. Advanced geometry -- 6.9. Differences in pressure readings -- 6.10. Similarity law for bird strike -- References -- Chapter 7: Case studies -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Composite fuselage -- 7.3. Airplane transparent components -- 7.4. Jet engines -- 7.5. Fan blade stability -- 7.6. Sandwich panels -- 7.7. Empennage and wing. , 7.8. Helicopters and tiltrotors -- 7.8.1. Tiltrotor rotor spinner and control -- 7.8.2. Tiltrotor empennage -- 7.8.3. Helicopter cockpit -- 7.8.4. Helicopter windshield -- References -- Chapter 8: Tutorials for bird-strike simulation using ANSYS/LS-DYNA -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Introduction to LS-DYNA -- 8.3. Common conditions -- 8.4. Lagrangian bird model -- 8.5. SPH bird model -- 8.6. ALE bird model -- References -- Appendix 1: keyword files -- A.1. Lagrangian bird -- A.2. ALE bird -- A.3. SPH bird -- Index.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-08-100093-6

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (258 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-08-100113-4

Series Statement: Woodhead Publishing in Mechanical Engineering

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover -- Bird Strike: An Experimental, Theoretical, and Numerical Investigation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. History of bird strike -- 1.3. Importance of bird strike -- 1.4. Solutions to bird-strike problem -- 1.5. Outline of the book -- References -- Chapter 2: Statistics -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Reporting a bird strike -- 2.3. Human losses and damages to aircraft -- 2.3.1. Annual increases -- 2.3.2. Damaged aircraft components -- 2.3.3. Engine type -- 2.3.4. Incident month -- 2.3.5. Light conditions -- 2.3.6. Height -- 2.3.7. Aircraft speed -- 2.3.8. Phase of flight -- 2.3.9. Precipitation -- 2.3.10. Wildlife species -- 2.3.11. Wildlife species size -- 2.3.12. Birds struck -- 2.4. Economic loss -- 2.5. Bird strike worldwide -- 2.5.1. Australia -- 2.5.2. Brazil -- 2.5.3. Czech Republic -- 2.5.4. France -- 2.5.5. Iran -- 2.5.6. United Kingdom -- 2.6. Risk assessment -- References -- Chapter 3: Bird strike: prevention and proofing -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Prevention: on-board equipment -- 3.3. Prevention: airports -- 3.3.1. Aircraft flight path and schedule modifications -- 3.3.2. Habitat modification and exclusion -- 3.3.3. Repellent and harassment techniques -- 3.3.4. Wildlife removal -- 3.4. Prevention: away from airports -- 3.4.1. Radar systems -- 3.4.2. Thermal imager -- 3.4.3. Bird distribution maps -- 3.5. Birds and their characteristics -- 3.6. Bird-proofing regulations -- References -- Chapter 4: Theoretical background -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. 2D hydrodynamic theory -- 4.2.1. Shock regime -- 4.2.2. Release regime -- 4.2.3. Steady flow regime -- 4.2.4. Termination of impact -- 4.3. Inclined impacts -- 4.3.1. Projectile yaw -- 4.3.2. Oblique impact -- 4.4. Flexible targets -- 4.4.1. Effect of porosity -- 4.5. 3D hydrodynamic theory -- 4.6. Turbofan bladed-rotor. , References -- Chapter 5: Flat plate experimental tests -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Experimental set-up -- 5.2.1. Gun systems -- 5.2.2. Support systems -- 5.2.3. Measurement systems -- 5.2.4. Bird impactors -- 5.3. Hopkinson bar test -- 5.3.1. Test set-up -- 5.3.2. Hopkinson bar test results -- 5.3.2.1. Force-time profiles -- 5.3.2.2. Transferred momentum -- 5.4. Rigid plate tests -- 5.4.1. Rigid plate results -- 5.4.2. Comparison with theory -- 5.4.2.1. Initial impact pressure -- 5.4.2.2. Stagnation pressure -- 5.4.2.3. Flow termination -- 5.5. Effects of target compliance -- 5.5.1. Deformation modes -- 5.5.2. Experimental set-up -- 5.5.3. Results -- References -- Chapter 6: Finite element bird-strike modeling -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Structural nonlinearity -- 6.2.1. Geometric nonlinearity -- 6.2.2. Material nonlinearity -- 6.2.3. Force and displacement nonlinearity -- 6.3. Numerical approaches for bird strike -- 6.3.1. Lagrange -- 6.3.2. Eulerian -- 6.3.3. Arbitrary Lagrangian Method (ALE) -- 6.3.4. Smoothed particles hydrodynamics (SPH) -- 6.3.5. Nodal masses (MN) method -- 6.3.6. Comparison of the numerical approaches -- 6.4. Bird material modeling -- 6.5. Equations of state (EOS) -- 6.5.1. Linear EOS -- 6.5.2. Polynomial EOS -- 6.5.3. Tabulated EOS -- 6.5.4. Mie-Grüneisen EOS -- 6.6. Fluid-structure interactions -- 6.6.1. Contact algorithms for Lagrange -- 6.6.2. Contact algorithms for SPH -- 6.7. Hourglass control -- 6.8. Bird geometry modeling -- 6.8.1. Traditional bird models -- 6.8.2. Advanced geometry -- 6.9. Differences in pressure readings -- 6.10. Similarity law for bird strike -- References -- Chapter 7: Case studies -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Composite fuselage -- 7.3. Airplane transparent components -- 7.4. Jet engines -- 7.5. Fan blade stability -- 7.6. Sandwich panels -- 7.7. Empennage and wing. , 7.8. Helicopters and tiltrotors -- 7.8.1. Tiltrotor rotor spinner and control -- 7.8.2. Tiltrotor empennage -- 7.8.3. Helicopter cockpit -- 7.8.4. Helicopter windshield -- References -- Chapter 8: Tutorials for bird-strike simulation using ANSYS/LS-DYNA -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Introduction to LS-DYNA -- 8.3. Common conditions -- 8.4. Lagrangian bird model -- 8.5. SPH bird model -- 8.6. ALE bird model -- References -- Appendix 1: keyword files -- A.1. Lagrangian bird -- A.2. ALE bird -- A.3. SPH bird -- Index.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-08-100093-6

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (258 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-08-100113-4

Series Statement: Woodhead Publishing in Mechanical Engineering

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover -- Bird Strike: An Experimental, Theoretical, and Numerical Investigation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. History of bird strike -- 1.3. Importance of bird strike -- 1.4. Solutions to bird-strike problem -- 1.5. Outline of the book -- References -- Chapter 2: Statistics -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Reporting a bird strike -- 2.3. Human losses and damages to aircraft -- 2.3.1. Annual increases -- 2.3.2. Damaged aircraft components -- 2.3.3. Engine type -- 2.3.4. Incident month -- 2.3.5. Light conditions -- 2.3.6. Height -- 2.3.7. Aircraft speed -- 2.3.8. Phase of flight -- 2.3.9. Precipitation -- 2.3.10. Wildlife species -- 2.3.11. Wildlife species size -- 2.3.12. Birds struck -- 2.4. Economic loss -- 2.5. Bird strike worldwide -- 2.5.1. Australia -- 2.5.2. Brazil -- 2.5.3. Czech Republic -- 2.5.4. France -- 2.5.5. Iran -- 2.5.6. United Kingdom -- 2.6. Risk assessment -- References -- Chapter 3: Bird strike: prevention and proofing -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Prevention: on-board equipment -- 3.3. Prevention: airports -- 3.3.1. Aircraft flight path and schedule modifications -- 3.3.2. Habitat modification and exclusion -- 3.3.3. Repellent and harassment techniques -- 3.3.4. Wildlife removal -- 3.4. Prevention: away from airports -- 3.4.1. Radar systems -- 3.4.2. Thermal imager -- 3.4.3. Bird distribution maps -- 3.5. Birds and their characteristics -- 3.6. Bird-proofing regulations -- References -- Chapter 4: Theoretical background -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. 2D hydrodynamic theory -- 4.2.1. Shock regime -- 4.2.2. Release regime -- 4.2.3. Steady flow regime -- 4.2.4. Termination of impact -- 4.3. Inclined impacts -- 4.3.1. Projectile yaw -- 4.3.2. Oblique impact -- 4.4. Flexible targets -- 4.4.1. Effect of porosity -- 4.5. 3D hydrodynamic theory -- 4.6. Turbofan bladed-rotor. , References -- Chapter 5: Flat plate experimental tests -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Experimental set-up -- 5.2.1. Gun systems -- 5.2.2. Support systems -- 5.2.3. Measurement systems -- 5.2.4. Bird impactors -- 5.3. Hopkinson bar test -- 5.3.1. Test set-up -- 5.3.2. Hopkinson bar test results -- 5.3.2.1. Force-time profiles -- 5.3.2.2. Transferred momentum -- 5.4. Rigid plate tests -- 5.4.1. Rigid plate results -- 5.4.2. Comparison with theory -- 5.4.2.1. Initial impact pressure -- 5.4.2.2. Stagnation pressure -- 5.4.2.3. Flow termination -- 5.5. Effects of target compliance -- 5.5.1. Deformation modes -- 5.5.2. Experimental set-up -- 5.5.3. Results -- References -- Chapter 6: Finite element bird-strike modeling -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Structural nonlinearity -- 6.2.1. Geometric nonlinearity -- 6.2.2. Material nonlinearity -- 6.2.3. Force and displacement nonlinearity -- 6.3. Numerical approaches for bird strike -- 6.3.1. Lagrange -- 6.3.2. Eulerian -- 6.3.3. Arbitrary Lagrangian Method (ALE) -- 6.3.4. Smoothed particles hydrodynamics (SPH) -- 6.3.5. Nodal masses (MN) method -- 6.3.6. Comparison of the numerical approaches -- 6.4. Bird material modeling -- 6.5. Equations of state (EOS) -- 6.5.1. Linear EOS -- 6.5.2. Polynomial EOS -- 6.5.3. Tabulated EOS -- 6.5.4. Mie-Grüneisen EOS -- 6.6. Fluid-structure interactions -- 6.6.1. Contact algorithms for Lagrange -- 6.6.2. Contact algorithms for SPH -- 6.7. Hourglass control -- 6.8. Bird geometry modeling -- 6.8.1. Traditional bird models -- 6.8.2. Advanced geometry -- 6.9. Differences in pressure readings -- 6.10. Similarity law for bird strike -- References -- Chapter 7: Case studies -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Composite fuselage -- 7.3. Airplane transparent components -- 7.4. Jet engines -- 7.5. Fan blade stability -- 7.6. Sandwich panels -- 7.7. Empennage and wing. , 7.8. Helicopters and tiltrotors -- 7.8.1. Tiltrotor rotor spinner and control -- 7.8.2. Tiltrotor empennage -- 7.8.3. Helicopter cockpit -- 7.8.4. Helicopter windshield -- References -- Chapter 8: Tutorials for bird-strike simulation using ANSYS/LS-DYNA -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Introduction to LS-DYNA -- 8.3. Common conditions -- 8.4. Lagrangian bird model -- 8.5. SPH bird model -- 8.6. ALE bird model -- References -- Appendix 1: keyword files -- A.1. Lagrangian bird -- A.2. ALE bird -- A.3. SPH bird -- Index.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-08-100093-6

Language: English