UID:
almafu_9960074175502883
Umfang:
1 online resource
Ausgabe:
2nd ed.
ISBN:
9780128004951
,
0128004959
Anmerkung:
Front Cover -- Weather Analysis and Forecasting -- Weather Analysis and Forecasting : Applying Satellite Water Vapor Imagery and Potential Vorticity Analysis -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 - FUNDAMENTALS -- 1 - A DYNAMICAL VIEW OF SYNOPTIC DEVELOPMENT -- 1.1 VORTICITY AND POTENTIAL VORTICITY -- 1.2 THE CONCEPT OF POTENTIAL VORTICITY THINKING -- 1.2.1 THE CONSERVATION PRINCIPLE -- 1.2.2 THE INVERTIBILITY PRINCIPLE -- 1.2.3 CLIMATOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF POTENTIAL VORTICITY -- 1.2.4 POSITIVE POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANOMALIES AND THEIR REMOTE INFLUENCE -- 1.3 OPERATIONAL USE OF POTENTIAL VORTICITY FIELDS TO MONITOR SYNOPTIC DEVELOPMENT -- 1.3.1 UPPER-LEVEL DYNAMICS, DYNAMICAL TROPOPAUSE, AND DYNAMICAL TROPOPAUSE ANOMALY -- 1.3.2 JET STREAM AND JET STREAKS -- 1.3.3 SYNOPTIC DEVELOPMENT AS SEEN BY POTENTIAL VORTICITY CONCEPTS -- 1.3.4 ANALYSIS OF A REAL-ATMOSPHERE STRUCTURE -- 2 - THE INTERPRETATION PROBLEM OF SATELLITE WATER VAPOR IMAGERY -- 2.1 INFORMATION CONTENT OF 6.2 AND 7.3μM CHANNELS -- 2.1.1 ORIGIN OF THE RADIATION, RADIANCE, BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE, AND IMAGE GRAY SHADES -- 2.1.1.1 Cold Air Temperatures and Inversions -- 2.1.1.2 Earth's Surface Features and Clouds -- 2.1.2 SENSITIVITY RANGE OF 6.2μM AND 7.3μM CHANNELS -- 2.1.3 EFFECTS OF LAYERED MOISTURE ON THE RADIANCE -- 2.1.3.1 Response of WV Channel Radiances to Differences in Humidity Profile -- 2.2 ABILITY OF 6.2 AND 7.3μM IMAGES TO REFLECT MOIST/DRY LAYERS, CLOUDS, AND LAND SURFACE FEATURES -- 2.2.1 UPPER-LEVEL DRY STRUCTURES (200-500HPA) -- 2.2.2 DEEP MOIST LAYERS (200-1000HPA) -- 2.2.3 HIGH-LEVEL MOIST LAYERS (200-400HPA) -- 2.2.4 MID-LEVEL MOIST LAYERS (400-650HPA) -- 2.2.5 LOW-LEVEL MOIST LAYERS (650-800HPA) -- 2.2.6 MOISTURE/CLOUDINESS IN THE BOUNDARY LAYER (850-950HPA) -- 2.2.7 EARTH'S SURFACE FEATURES.
,
2.3 POTENTIAL FOR OPERATIONAL USE OF IMAGES IN 6.2 AND 7.3μM CHANNELS OF METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION -- 2 - PRACTICAL USE OF WATER VAPOR IMAGERY AND THERMODYNAMIC FIELDS -- 3 - SIGNIFICANT WATER VAPOR IMAGERY FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH SYNOPTIC THERMODYNAMIC STRUCTURES -- 3.1 OPERATIONAL USE OF RADIATION MEASUREMENTS IN WATER VAPOR CHANNELS 6.2 AND 7.3μM -- 3.2 INTERPRETATION OF SYNOPTIC-SCALE IMAGERY FEATURES -- 3.2.1 MOIST (LIGHT) FEATURES IN 6.2μM IMAGERY -- 3.2.1.1 Nearly White to White Features -- 3.2.1.2 Medium-Gray to Light-Gray Features -- 3.2.2 DRY (DARK) FEATURES IN 6.2μM IMAGERY -- 3.2.2.1 Dry (Dark) Bands/Spots -- 3.2.2.2 Dry Intrusions -- 3.2.3 JET STREAM MOISTURE BOUNDARIES SEEN IN 6.2 AND 7.3μM IMAGERY -- 3.3 MIDDLE- TO UPPER-TROPOSPHERE WIND FIELD FEATURES -- 3.3.1 SPECIFIC UPPER-LEVEL FLOW PATTERNS SEEN IN 6.2μM IMAGERY -- 3.3.2 INTERACTION OF A JET STREAM WITH A DYNAMICAL TROPOPAUSE ANOMALY: JET STREAK STRUCTURE EMERGENCE -- 3.3.3 UPPER-LEVEL DIVERGENT FLOW AS A SIGN OF ASCENDING MOTIONS -- 3.3.3.1 Synoptic-Scale Upper-Level Perturbations -- 3.3.3.2 Deep Convection in Midlatitudes -- 3.3.3.3 Deep Convection in Tropical Areas -- 3.3.4 MID-LEVEL JET SEEN IN 7.3μM CHANNEL IMAGES -- 3.3.4.1 Mid-Level Jet and Associated Synoptic Context -- 3.3.4.2 Mid-Level Jet and Related Moisture Movement -- 3.3.4.2.1 Moisture Movement Structure -- 3.3.4.3 Mid-Level Jet in Dry Air Mass Over Northeast Africa -- 3.4 BLOCKING REGIME -- 3.4.1 BLOCKING REGIME FORMATION IN WHICH EASTERLIES RESULT FROM ANTICYCLOGENESIS -- 3.4.2 BLOCKING REGIME FORMATION IN WHICH EASTERLIES RESULT FROM CYCLOGENESIS -- 3.5 CYCLOGENESIS AND ATMOSPHERIC FRONTS -- 3.5.1 EXTRATROPICAL AND TROPICAL CYCLONES: ENERGY SOURCE AND MAIN THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS -- 3.5.2 CYCLOGENESIS WITHIN BAROCLINIC TROUGHS: LEAF AND BAROCLINIC LEAF FEATURES IN THE WATER VAPOR IMAGERY.
,
3.5.3 CYCLOGENESIS WITH UPPER-LEVEL PRECURSORS -- 3.5.3.1 Cyclone Development in the Western North Atlantic -- 3.5.3.1.1 Upper-Level Precursors -- 3.5.3.1.2 Synoptic Evolution -- 3.5.3.1.3 Water Vapor Imagery Analysis of Explosive Deepening -- 3.5.3.2 Explosive Cyclogenesis in the Southern West Pacific -- 3.5.3.3 Water Vapor Imagery Dry Slot as a Precursor of Cyclone Deepening -- 3.5.4 USEFULNESS OF WATER VAPOR IMAGERY TO IDENTIFY "STING JET" AND RELATED SURFACE WIND GUSTS -- 3.5.5 SPLIT COLD FRONT SEEN IN WATER VAPOR IMAGERY -- 3.6 INTERACTION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES WITH UPPER-LEVEL DYNAMICAL STRUCTURES -- 3.6.1 EFFECTS OF UPPER-LEVEL FLOW PATTERN IN THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT ON THE INTENSITY OF TROPICAL STORMS -- 3.6.1.1 Tropical Cyclone Track Satellite Data From National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NESDIS -- 3.6.1.2 Water Vapor Imagery Analysis of Typhoon Wipha -- 3.6.1.2.1 Intensification -- 3.6.1.3 Water Vapor Imagery Analysis of Hurricane Igor -- 3.6.1.3.1 Intensification -- 3.6.1.4 Weakening -- 3.6.1.5 Reintensification -- 3.6.2 INTENSIFICATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES ON THE ANTICYCLONIC SHEAR SIDE OF JET STREAMS -- 3.6.3 EFFECTS OF INTERACTION WITH MIDLATITUDE UPPER-LEVEL TROUGHS ON THE INTENSITY OF TROPICAL CYCLONES -- 3.6.4 ROLE OF THE TROPICAL CYCLONE IN AN EXTRATROPICAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATED WITH AN UPSTREAM UPPER-LEVEL CYCLONIC POTENTIAL VOR ... -- 3.7 SUMMARY -- 3.7.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES IN WATER VAPOR IMAGERY INTERPRETATION -- 3.7.2 LIGHT WATER VAPOR IMAGERY PATTERNS: RELATION TO DYNAMICAL STRUCTURES -- 3.7.3 DARK WATER VAPOR IMAGERY PATTERNS: RELATION TO DYNAMICAL STRUCTURES -- 3.7.4 BOUNDARY PATTERNS ON THE WATER VAPOR IMAGERY: RELATION TO DYNAMICAL STRUCTURES -- 3.7.5 INTERACTION/EVOLUTION OF WATER VAPOR IMAGERY FEATURES: RELATION TO DYNAMICAL PROCESSES.
,
3.7.6 UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC FLOW PATTERNS AFFECTING TROPICAL CYCLONE DEVELOPMENT -- 3.7.7 SUPERPOSITION OF WATER VAPOR IMAGERY AND DYNAMICAL FIELDS: A TOOL FOR SYNOPTIC-SCALE ANALYSIS -- 4 - DIAGNOSIS OF THERMODYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT OF DEEP CONVECTION -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT FAVORABLE FOR DEEP CONVECTION -- 4.2.1 THE CONVECTIVE INGREDIENTS -- 4.2.2 A DYNAMICAL TROPOPAUSE ANOMALY (UPPER-LEVEL CYCLONIC POTENTIAL VORTICITY MAXIMUM) FAVORS DEEP CONVECTION -- 4.2.3 DRY AIR ALOFT INCREASES INSTABILITY AND FAVORS CONVECTIVE DEVELOPMENT -- 4.2.4 DIVERGENT/CONVERGENT UPPER-LEVEL FLOW AS A POSITIVE/NEGATIVE FACTOR FOR DEEP CONVECTION -- 4.3 UPPER-LEVEL DIAGNOSIS OF DEEP CONVECTION -- 4.3.1 UPPER-LEVEL DYNAMICS FAVORABLE FOR DEEP CONVECTION IN MIDLATITUDES -- 4.3.2 CONVECTION INITIATION AT DEFORMATION ZONES AND UPPER-LEVEL DYNAMICAL DRY FEATURES -- 4.3.3 CONVECTIVE ENVIRONMENTS OVER THE SUBTROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC -- 4.3.4 DEEP CONVECTION IN BLOCKING REGIMES -- 4.3.5 UPPER-LEVEL DYNAMICS AND DEEP CONVECTION IN TROPICAL AREAS -- 4.4 USE OF DATA FROM WATER VAPOR CHANNELS IN DIAGNOSING PRECONVECTIVE ENVIRONMENTS -- 4.4.1 UPPER-LEVEL FORCING/INHIBITION IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF MOIST CONVECTION -- 4.4.2 UPPER-LEVEL FORCING AND CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY IN SUBTROPICAL AREAS: MIDDLE EAST CASE STUDY, DECEMBER 22, 2009 -- 4.4.2.1 Diagnosis of Upper-Level Preconvective Environments -- 4.4.2.2 Diagnosing Thermodynamic Context of Convective Development -- 4.4.3 MOISTURE SUPPLY FOR DEEP CONVECTION AND RELATED DYNAMICAL STRUCTURES -- 4.4.3.1 Atmospheric Rivers -- 4.4.3.2 Moist Conveyor Belts -- 4.4.3.3 Axes of Maximum Winds at Middle-Upper Troposphere and Related Movements of Moisture -- 4.4.3.4 Diagnosis of Dynamical Moisture Structures -- 4.4.3.5 Diagnosis of Large-Scale Confluent Moisture Movements by 6.2μm and 7.3μm Images.
,
4.4.4 REINFORCEMENT OF CONVECTIVE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH A POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANOMALY ADVECTION: A SURGE MOISTURE BOUNDARY IN THE W ... -- 4.4.5 EARLY FORECAST OF UPPER-LEVEL FORCING FOR INTENSE CONVECTION -- 4.4.5.1 Diagnosing the Strength of the Upper-Level Dynamics -- 4.4.5.2 Early Forecast of Upper-Level Forcing for Convective Development -- 4.5 SUMMARY OF THE CONCLUSIONS -- 5 - USE OF WATER VAPOR IMAGERY TO ASSESS NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL BEHAVIOR AND TO IMPROVE FORECASTS -- 5.1 OPERATIONAL USE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POTENTIAL VORTICITY FIELDS AND WATER VAPOR IMAGERY -- 5.1.1 NATURE AND USEFULNESS OF THE RELATIONSHIP -- 5.1.2 INFORMATION CONTENT OF VORTICITY FIELDS RELATED TO WATER VAPOR IMAGERY -- 5.1.3 COMPLEXITY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DRY INTRUSION AND POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANOMALIES -- 5.2 SYNTHETIC (PSEUDO) WATER VAPOR IMAGES -- 5.3 COMPARING POTENTIAL VORTICITY FIELDS, WATER VAPOR IMAGERY, AND SYNTHETIC WATER VAPOR IMAGES -- 5.3.1 CONCEPT OF VALIDATING NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION OUTPUT BY APPLYING A WATER VAPOR-POTENTIAL VORTICITY-PSEUDO WATER VAPOR ... -- 5.3.2 TYPICAL INSTANCES OF WATER VAPOR-POTENTIAL VORTICITY-PSEUDO WATER VAPOR COMPARISON -- 5.4 SITUATIONS OF MISMATCH BETWEEN WATER VAPOR IMAGE AND POTENTIAL VORTICITY FIELDS AS A WARNING SIGN OF NUMERICAL WEATHER PRED ... -- 5.4.1 CYCLONE DEVELOPMENT WITHIN A CUT-OFF LOW SYSTEM -- 5.4.2 CYCLOGENESIS WITH UPPER-LEVEL PRECURSOR IN STRONG ZONAL FLOW OVER THE NORTHEASTERN ATLANTIC COAST OF AMERICA -- 5.4.3 MOIST ASCENT AT CUT-OFF UPPER-LEVEL FLOW OVER THE NORTHEASTERN ATLANTIC -- 5.4.4 UPPER-LEVEL INFLUENCE ON DEEP CONVECTION WITHIN A CUT-OFF LOW SYSTEM -- 5.4.4.1 Dry Feature Comparison to Validate Numerical Weather Prediction Simulation of the Upper-Level Descent -- 5.4.4.2 Reliability of Potential Vorticity-Water Vapor Relationship.
,
5.4.4.3 Moist Feature Comparison to Validate Numerical Weather Prediction Simulation of Upper-Level Ascent.
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 9780128001943
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 0128001941
Sprache:
Englisch
Bookmarklink
