Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (312 pages) : , illustrations

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-12-801364-8

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- The Protective Arm of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Functional Aspects and Therapeutic Implications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: The Angiotensin AT 2 Receptor: From Enigma to Therapeutic Target -- Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: The AT 2 Receptor: Historical Perspective -- Background to the Early Involvement of Ciba-Geigy in the Angiotensin Field -- Two Ang II Receptor Subtypes -- Angiotensin II Receptor Nomenclature -- Early Research on the Role of the AT 2 Receptor -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Animal Models with a Genetic Alteration of AT 2 Expression -- Introduction -- Blood Pressure -- Cardiac Disease -- Vascular Disease -- Renal Disease -- Neural Disease -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: AT 2 Receptor Signaling: Solved and Unsolved -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Dimerization -- Proliferation and Differentiation -- Apoptosis -- Inflammation -- Fibrosis -- Solved and Unsolved Issues -- References -- Chapter 5: AT 1 R - AT 2 R Cross Talk -- Cross Regulation of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and the Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor -- Functional Significance of the AT 1 R - AT 2 R Cross Talk -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: The Angiotensin AT 2 Receptor in Myocardial Infarction -- Introduction -- AT 2 Receptor Expression in the Heart -- Acute-Phase Postmyocardial Infarction -- Cardiac Function -- Bradykinin/Nitric Oxide System -- Intracellular Acidosis -- Apoptosis -- Inflammation -- Tissue Regeneration -- Late-Phase Postmyocardial Infarction -- Cardiac Function -- Cardiac Fibrosis -- Cardiac Hypertrophy -- Extracellular Matrix Degradation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: AT 2 R, Vascular Effects, and Blood Pressure -- Introduction -- AT 2 Vasorelaxation: In Vitro Preclinical Studies -- Acute AT 2 R Vasodilatation/ BP Effects: In Vivo Preclinical Studies. , Chronic AT 2 R Effects on BP: Preclinical Studies -- Human Vascular AT 2 R Function: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies -- AT 2 R Vasorelaxation: Why Is There no Translation into Antihypertensive Effects in Chronic Studies? -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8: AT 2 R in Nervous System -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Expression in CNS -- AT 2 R Expression in Neuronal Injury -- AT 2 R -Mediated Effects in CNS Cells -- AT 2 R in Peripheral Neuronal Injury -- AT 2 R Stimulation in Stroke -- AT 2 R in Spinal Cord Injury -- AT 2 R in Multiple Sclerosis -- AT 2 R in Traumatic Brain Injury -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Roles of AT 2 R in Cognitive Function -- Introduction -- Preventive Effects of ARB on Cognitive Decline and Dementia -- Protection Against Ischemic Brain Damage by AT 2 R Stimulation -- Role of AT 2 R Stimulation in Cognitive Function -- Role of AT 2 R-Associated Proteins in Cognitive Function -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10: The Protective Role of Angiotensin II ( AT 2) Receptors in Renal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Indications ... -- Introduction -- Renal AT 2 R Expression -- Findings from AT 2 R Knockout ( AT 2 KO) Mice -- AT 2 R -Mediated Signaling Pathways -- Renoprotective Mechanisms of AT 2 R Stimulation -- Inflammation and Oxidative Stress -- Fibrosis and Extracellular Matrix Accumulation -- AT 2 R -Mediated Modulation of Other RAS Components -- Additional Mechanisms Involved in AT 2 R -Mediated Renoprotection -- AT 2 R in Renal Disease Associated with Obesity/Diabetes -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: AT 2 Receptors and Natriuresis -- Introduction -- Renal Expression of AT 2 Rs -- AT 2 R Induction of Natriuresis: Initial Evidence -- Role of Angiotensin III in AT 2 R -Induced Natriuresis -- Nephron Sites and Mechanisms of AT 2 R -Induced Natriuresis via ANG III. , AT 2 R -Dopamine D 1 -Like Receptor Interactions -- Physiological Significance of Renal AT 2 Rs in Renal Na + Excretion -- AT 2 R -Induced Natriuresis in Disease States -- AT 2 R Agonist Administration and Natriuresis -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: The Role of the AT 2 R in Vascular Remodeling -- Introduction -- The Theoretical Concept of the Role of AT 2 R in Vascular Remodeling -- AT 2 R and Hypertension-Induced Vascular Remodeling -- AT 2 R and Atherosclerosis -- AT 2 R and Aortic Aneurysm -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: The AT 2 Receptor and Inflammation -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Signaling in Inflammation -- Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease and the Role of the AT 2 Receptor -- Atherosclerosis -- Myocardial Infarction: Heart Failure -- Stroke -- Renal Injury -- Inflammation in Autoimmune Disease and the Role of the AT 2 Receptor -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: The AT 2 Receptor and Interacting Proteins (ATIPs) in Cancer -- The Renin-Angiotensin System and Cancer -- The AT 2 Receptor and Cancer -- AT 2 Receptor-Interacting Proteins (ATIPs) and Cancer -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15: AT 2 R and Sympathetic Outflow -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Ontogeny in Rodent Brain -- Effect of AT 2 R Activation on Neuronal Electrophysiological Characteristics -- AT 2 R and Sympathetic Regulation in Normal States -- Effects of the AT 2 R on Sympathetic Outflow in Pathological Conditions and Therapeutic Potential -- Conclusion and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 16: Metabolic Effects of AT 2 R Stimulation in Adipose Tissue -- Introduction -- Metabolic Function of AT 2 R: The Lessons from ARBs -- Metabolic Function of AT 2 R: The Lessons from AT 2 R-Deficient Mice -- Metabolic Function of AT 2 R: Experiments with Direct AT 2 R Stimulation -- References. , Chapter 17: Sex Differences in AT 2 R Expression and Action -- Basis for Sex Differences in Function -- AT 2 R Gene Mapping -- Hormonal Regulation of AT 2 R Expression -- Regulation of Arterial Pressure and Renal Function -- Arterial Pressure -- Kidney -- Evidence for a Differential Role for the AT 2 R in Other Disease Conditions -- Heart and Vascular Disease -- Neurological Disorders -- Reproduction -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18: Discovery of Nonpeptide, Selective AT 2 Receptor Agonists -- Selective Drug-like AT 2 R Agonists from Nonpeptide, Nonselective AT 1 /AT 2 Receptor Ligands -- Selective Drug-like AT 2 R Agonists from the Nonselective Parent Peptide Ang II -- Conversion of AT 2 R Agonists to AT 2 R Antagonists -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 19: Angiotensin-Based Peptides as AT 2 R Agonists -- Introduction -- Endogenous Angiotensin Peptides -- Ang II -- Ang III -- Ang IV -- Ang 1-7 -- Ang 1-9 -- Synthetic Peptides -- CGP42112 -- β -Amino-Acid-Substituted Angiotensin Peptides -- [Y] 6 -AII -- LP2-3 (dKcAng-(1-7)) -- Novokinin -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 20: Potential Clinical Application of Angiotensin 2 Receptor Agonists -- Introduction -- Preclinical Testing -- Investigational New Drug Application -- Clinical Trials -- Potential Therapeutic Indications for AT 2 R Agonists -- Orphan Indications -- Marfan Syndrome -- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis -- Other Indications -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 21: Angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas: A Brief History -- Introduction -- Discovery of Mas: Is It a Proto-Oncogene? -- Functions of Mas: Is It an Ang II Receptor? -- Mas, Its Antisense RNA, and Imprinting -- Mas Expression -- Mas Functions: Mas-Deficient Mice -- Discovery of Ang-(1-7) -- Closing the Gap: Mas Is an Ang-(1-7) Receptor -- References. , Chapter 22: Animal Models with a Genetic Alteration of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas Axis -- Introduction -- Transgenic Animal Technology: A Brief Update -- Transgenic and KO Rodent Models of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas Axis -- ACE2 Models -- ACE2 KO Mice -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in Mouse -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in the Mouse Brain -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in the Mouse Heart -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in Mouse Podocytes -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in the Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle -- Mas Models -- Mas-KO Mice -- Mas Overexpression in Retina -- Prolylcarboxypeptidase KO Mice -- Ang-(1-7) Models -- Transgenic Rats Overexpressing Ang-(1-7) -- Transgenic Mice and Rats Overexpressing Ang-(1-7) in the Heart -- Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 23: Mas Signaling: Resolved and Unresolved Issues -- Introduction -- Expression of Mas -- Mas as a GPCR -- Early Discovery of Mas and Its Signaling Pathways -- Identifying Ang-(1-7) Targets Through Proteomics -- Ang-(1-7)/Mas Signaling Through Akt -- Ang-(1-7)/Mas Signaling and Nitric Oxide Production -- Mas and MAPK Signaling -- Mas and RhoA -- Biological Significance of Mas Signaling: Insights from Mas-Knockout Mice -- Unresolved Issues -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 24: Mas/AT 2 Cross Talk -- References -- Chapter 25: ACE2 Cell Biology, Regulation, and Physiological Functions -- Introduction -- ACE2: Discovery and Basic Biology -- ACE2 Regulation -- References -- Chapter 26: Mas in Myocardial Infarction and Congestive Heart Failure -- Myocardial Infarction and Congestive Heart Failure -- Renin-Angiotensin System and Cardiac Remodeling -- Inflammatory Phase -- Proliferative Phase -- Maturation Phase -- References -- Chapter 27: Mas Receptor: Vascular and Blood Pressure Effects -- References -- Chapter 28: Mas and Neuroprotection in Stroke -- Introduction. , Neuroprotection and the RAS.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-12-801485-7

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books.

URL: Click to View

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (312 pages) : , illustrations

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-12-801364-8

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- The Protective Arm of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Functional Aspects and Therapeutic Implications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: The Angiotensin AT 2 Receptor: From Enigma to Therapeutic Target -- Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: The AT 2 Receptor: Historical Perspective -- Background to the Early Involvement of Ciba-Geigy in the Angiotensin Field -- Two Ang II Receptor Subtypes -- Angiotensin II Receptor Nomenclature -- Early Research on the Role of the AT 2 Receptor -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Animal Models with a Genetic Alteration of AT 2 Expression -- Introduction -- Blood Pressure -- Cardiac Disease -- Vascular Disease -- Renal Disease -- Neural Disease -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: AT 2 Receptor Signaling: Solved and Unsolved -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Dimerization -- Proliferation and Differentiation -- Apoptosis -- Inflammation -- Fibrosis -- Solved and Unsolved Issues -- References -- Chapter 5: AT 1 R - AT 2 R Cross Talk -- Cross Regulation of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and the Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor -- Functional Significance of the AT 1 R - AT 2 R Cross Talk -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: The Angiotensin AT 2 Receptor in Myocardial Infarction -- Introduction -- AT 2 Receptor Expression in the Heart -- Acute-Phase Postmyocardial Infarction -- Cardiac Function -- Bradykinin/Nitric Oxide System -- Intracellular Acidosis -- Apoptosis -- Inflammation -- Tissue Regeneration -- Late-Phase Postmyocardial Infarction -- Cardiac Function -- Cardiac Fibrosis -- Cardiac Hypertrophy -- Extracellular Matrix Degradation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: AT 2 R, Vascular Effects, and Blood Pressure -- Introduction -- AT 2 Vasorelaxation: In Vitro Preclinical Studies -- Acute AT 2 R Vasodilatation/ BP Effects: In Vivo Preclinical Studies. , Chronic AT 2 R Effects on BP: Preclinical Studies -- Human Vascular AT 2 R Function: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies -- AT 2 R Vasorelaxation: Why Is There no Translation into Antihypertensive Effects in Chronic Studies? -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8: AT 2 R in Nervous System -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Expression in CNS -- AT 2 R Expression in Neuronal Injury -- AT 2 R -Mediated Effects in CNS Cells -- AT 2 R in Peripheral Neuronal Injury -- AT 2 R Stimulation in Stroke -- AT 2 R in Spinal Cord Injury -- AT 2 R in Multiple Sclerosis -- AT 2 R in Traumatic Brain Injury -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Roles of AT 2 R in Cognitive Function -- Introduction -- Preventive Effects of ARB on Cognitive Decline and Dementia -- Protection Against Ischemic Brain Damage by AT 2 R Stimulation -- Role of AT 2 R Stimulation in Cognitive Function -- Role of AT 2 R-Associated Proteins in Cognitive Function -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10: The Protective Role of Angiotensin II ( AT 2) Receptors in Renal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Indications ... -- Introduction -- Renal AT 2 R Expression -- Findings from AT 2 R Knockout ( AT 2 KO) Mice -- AT 2 R -Mediated Signaling Pathways -- Renoprotective Mechanisms of AT 2 R Stimulation -- Inflammation and Oxidative Stress -- Fibrosis and Extracellular Matrix Accumulation -- AT 2 R -Mediated Modulation of Other RAS Components -- Additional Mechanisms Involved in AT 2 R -Mediated Renoprotection -- AT 2 R in Renal Disease Associated with Obesity/Diabetes -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: AT 2 Receptors and Natriuresis -- Introduction -- Renal Expression of AT 2 Rs -- AT 2 R Induction of Natriuresis: Initial Evidence -- Role of Angiotensin III in AT 2 R -Induced Natriuresis -- Nephron Sites and Mechanisms of AT 2 R -Induced Natriuresis via ANG III. , AT 2 R -Dopamine D 1 -Like Receptor Interactions -- Physiological Significance of Renal AT 2 Rs in Renal Na + Excretion -- AT 2 R -Induced Natriuresis in Disease States -- AT 2 R Agonist Administration and Natriuresis -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: The Role of the AT 2 R in Vascular Remodeling -- Introduction -- The Theoretical Concept of the Role of AT 2 R in Vascular Remodeling -- AT 2 R and Hypertension-Induced Vascular Remodeling -- AT 2 R and Atherosclerosis -- AT 2 R and Aortic Aneurysm -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: The AT 2 Receptor and Inflammation -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Signaling in Inflammation -- Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease and the Role of the AT 2 Receptor -- Atherosclerosis -- Myocardial Infarction: Heart Failure -- Stroke -- Renal Injury -- Inflammation in Autoimmune Disease and the Role of the AT 2 Receptor -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: The AT 2 Receptor and Interacting Proteins (ATIPs) in Cancer -- The Renin-Angiotensin System and Cancer -- The AT 2 Receptor and Cancer -- AT 2 Receptor-Interacting Proteins (ATIPs) and Cancer -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15: AT 2 R and Sympathetic Outflow -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Ontogeny in Rodent Brain -- Effect of AT 2 R Activation on Neuronal Electrophysiological Characteristics -- AT 2 R and Sympathetic Regulation in Normal States -- Effects of the AT 2 R on Sympathetic Outflow in Pathological Conditions and Therapeutic Potential -- Conclusion and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 16: Metabolic Effects of AT 2 R Stimulation in Adipose Tissue -- Introduction -- Metabolic Function of AT 2 R: The Lessons from ARBs -- Metabolic Function of AT 2 R: The Lessons from AT 2 R-Deficient Mice -- Metabolic Function of AT 2 R: Experiments with Direct AT 2 R Stimulation -- References. , Chapter 17: Sex Differences in AT 2 R Expression and Action -- Basis for Sex Differences in Function -- AT 2 R Gene Mapping -- Hormonal Regulation of AT 2 R Expression -- Regulation of Arterial Pressure and Renal Function -- Arterial Pressure -- Kidney -- Evidence for a Differential Role for the AT 2 R in Other Disease Conditions -- Heart and Vascular Disease -- Neurological Disorders -- Reproduction -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18: Discovery of Nonpeptide, Selective AT 2 Receptor Agonists -- Selective Drug-like AT 2 R Agonists from Nonpeptide, Nonselective AT 1 /AT 2 Receptor Ligands -- Selective Drug-like AT 2 R Agonists from the Nonselective Parent Peptide Ang II -- Conversion of AT 2 R Agonists to AT 2 R Antagonists -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 19: Angiotensin-Based Peptides as AT 2 R Agonists -- Introduction -- Endogenous Angiotensin Peptides -- Ang II -- Ang III -- Ang IV -- Ang 1-7 -- Ang 1-9 -- Synthetic Peptides -- CGP42112 -- β -Amino-Acid-Substituted Angiotensin Peptides -- [Y] 6 -AII -- LP2-3 (dKcAng-(1-7)) -- Novokinin -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 20: Potential Clinical Application of Angiotensin 2 Receptor Agonists -- Introduction -- Preclinical Testing -- Investigational New Drug Application -- Clinical Trials -- Potential Therapeutic Indications for AT 2 R Agonists -- Orphan Indications -- Marfan Syndrome -- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis -- Other Indications -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 21: Angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas: A Brief History -- Introduction -- Discovery of Mas: Is It a Proto-Oncogene? -- Functions of Mas: Is It an Ang II Receptor? -- Mas, Its Antisense RNA, and Imprinting -- Mas Expression -- Mas Functions: Mas-Deficient Mice -- Discovery of Ang-(1-7) -- Closing the Gap: Mas Is an Ang-(1-7) Receptor -- References. , Chapter 22: Animal Models with a Genetic Alteration of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas Axis -- Introduction -- Transgenic Animal Technology: A Brief Update -- Transgenic and KO Rodent Models of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas Axis -- ACE2 Models -- ACE2 KO Mice -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in Mouse -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in the Mouse Brain -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in the Mouse Heart -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in Mouse Podocytes -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in the Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle -- Mas Models -- Mas-KO Mice -- Mas Overexpression in Retina -- Prolylcarboxypeptidase KO Mice -- Ang-(1-7) Models -- Transgenic Rats Overexpressing Ang-(1-7) -- Transgenic Mice and Rats Overexpressing Ang-(1-7) in the Heart -- Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 23: Mas Signaling: Resolved and Unresolved Issues -- Introduction -- Expression of Mas -- Mas as a GPCR -- Early Discovery of Mas and Its Signaling Pathways -- Identifying Ang-(1-7) Targets Through Proteomics -- Ang-(1-7)/Mas Signaling Through Akt -- Ang-(1-7)/Mas Signaling and Nitric Oxide Production -- Mas and MAPK Signaling -- Mas and RhoA -- Biological Significance of Mas Signaling: Insights from Mas-Knockout Mice -- Unresolved Issues -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 24: Mas/AT 2 Cross Talk -- References -- Chapter 25: ACE2 Cell Biology, Regulation, and Physiological Functions -- Introduction -- ACE2: Discovery and Basic Biology -- ACE2 Regulation -- References -- Chapter 26: Mas in Myocardial Infarction and Congestive Heart Failure -- Myocardial Infarction and Congestive Heart Failure -- Renin-Angiotensin System and Cardiac Remodeling -- Inflammatory Phase -- Proliferative Phase -- Maturation Phase -- References -- Chapter 27: Mas Receptor: Vascular and Blood Pressure Effects -- References -- Chapter 28: Mas and Neuroprotection in Stroke -- Introduction. , Neuroprotection and the RAS.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-12-801485-7

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (312 pages) : , illustrations

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-12-801364-8

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- The Protective Arm of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Functional Aspects and Therapeutic Implications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: The Angiotensin AT 2 Receptor: From Enigma to Therapeutic Target -- Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: The AT 2 Receptor: Historical Perspective -- Background to the Early Involvement of Ciba-Geigy in the Angiotensin Field -- Two Ang II Receptor Subtypes -- Angiotensin II Receptor Nomenclature -- Early Research on the Role of the AT 2 Receptor -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Animal Models with a Genetic Alteration of AT 2 Expression -- Introduction -- Blood Pressure -- Cardiac Disease -- Vascular Disease -- Renal Disease -- Neural Disease -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: AT 2 Receptor Signaling: Solved and Unsolved -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Dimerization -- Proliferation and Differentiation -- Apoptosis -- Inflammation -- Fibrosis -- Solved and Unsolved Issues -- References -- Chapter 5: AT 1 R - AT 2 R Cross Talk -- Cross Regulation of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and the Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor -- Functional Significance of the AT 1 R - AT 2 R Cross Talk -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: The Angiotensin AT 2 Receptor in Myocardial Infarction -- Introduction -- AT 2 Receptor Expression in the Heart -- Acute-Phase Postmyocardial Infarction -- Cardiac Function -- Bradykinin/Nitric Oxide System -- Intracellular Acidosis -- Apoptosis -- Inflammation -- Tissue Regeneration -- Late-Phase Postmyocardial Infarction -- Cardiac Function -- Cardiac Fibrosis -- Cardiac Hypertrophy -- Extracellular Matrix Degradation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: AT 2 R, Vascular Effects, and Blood Pressure -- Introduction -- AT 2 Vasorelaxation: In Vitro Preclinical Studies -- Acute AT 2 R Vasodilatation/ BP Effects: In Vivo Preclinical Studies. , Chronic AT 2 R Effects on BP: Preclinical Studies -- Human Vascular AT 2 R Function: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies -- AT 2 R Vasorelaxation: Why Is There no Translation into Antihypertensive Effects in Chronic Studies? -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8: AT 2 R in Nervous System -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Expression in CNS -- AT 2 R Expression in Neuronal Injury -- AT 2 R -Mediated Effects in CNS Cells -- AT 2 R in Peripheral Neuronal Injury -- AT 2 R Stimulation in Stroke -- AT 2 R in Spinal Cord Injury -- AT 2 R in Multiple Sclerosis -- AT 2 R in Traumatic Brain Injury -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Roles of AT 2 R in Cognitive Function -- Introduction -- Preventive Effects of ARB on Cognitive Decline and Dementia -- Protection Against Ischemic Brain Damage by AT 2 R Stimulation -- Role of AT 2 R Stimulation in Cognitive Function -- Role of AT 2 R-Associated Proteins in Cognitive Function -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10: The Protective Role of Angiotensin II ( AT 2) Receptors in Renal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Indications ... -- Introduction -- Renal AT 2 R Expression -- Findings from AT 2 R Knockout ( AT 2 KO) Mice -- AT 2 R -Mediated Signaling Pathways -- Renoprotective Mechanisms of AT 2 R Stimulation -- Inflammation and Oxidative Stress -- Fibrosis and Extracellular Matrix Accumulation -- AT 2 R -Mediated Modulation of Other RAS Components -- Additional Mechanisms Involved in AT 2 R -Mediated Renoprotection -- AT 2 R in Renal Disease Associated with Obesity/Diabetes -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: AT 2 Receptors and Natriuresis -- Introduction -- Renal Expression of AT 2 Rs -- AT 2 R Induction of Natriuresis: Initial Evidence -- Role of Angiotensin III in AT 2 R -Induced Natriuresis -- Nephron Sites and Mechanisms of AT 2 R -Induced Natriuresis via ANG III. , AT 2 R -Dopamine D 1 -Like Receptor Interactions -- Physiological Significance of Renal AT 2 Rs in Renal Na + Excretion -- AT 2 R -Induced Natriuresis in Disease States -- AT 2 R Agonist Administration and Natriuresis -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: The Role of the AT 2 R in Vascular Remodeling -- Introduction -- The Theoretical Concept of the Role of AT 2 R in Vascular Remodeling -- AT 2 R and Hypertension-Induced Vascular Remodeling -- AT 2 R and Atherosclerosis -- AT 2 R and Aortic Aneurysm -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: The AT 2 Receptor and Inflammation -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Signaling in Inflammation -- Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease and the Role of the AT 2 Receptor -- Atherosclerosis -- Myocardial Infarction: Heart Failure -- Stroke -- Renal Injury -- Inflammation in Autoimmune Disease and the Role of the AT 2 Receptor -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: The AT 2 Receptor and Interacting Proteins (ATIPs) in Cancer -- The Renin-Angiotensin System and Cancer -- The AT 2 Receptor and Cancer -- AT 2 Receptor-Interacting Proteins (ATIPs) and Cancer -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15: AT 2 R and Sympathetic Outflow -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Ontogeny in Rodent Brain -- Effect of AT 2 R Activation on Neuronal Electrophysiological Characteristics -- AT 2 R and Sympathetic Regulation in Normal States -- Effects of the AT 2 R on Sympathetic Outflow in Pathological Conditions and Therapeutic Potential -- Conclusion and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 16: Metabolic Effects of AT 2 R Stimulation in Adipose Tissue -- Introduction -- Metabolic Function of AT 2 R: The Lessons from ARBs -- Metabolic Function of AT 2 R: The Lessons from AT 2 R-Deficient Mice -- Metabolic Function of AT 2 R: Experiments with Direct AT 2 R Stimulation -- References. , Chapter 17: Sex Differences in AT 2 R Expression and Action -- Basis for Sex Differences in Function -- AT 2 R Gene Mapping -- Hormonal Regulation of AT 2 R Expression -- Regulation of Arterial Pressure and Renal Function -- Arterial Pressure -- Kidney -- Evidence for a Differential Role for the AT 2 R in Other Disease Conditions -- Heart and Vascular Disease -- Neurological Disorders -- Reproduction -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18: Discovery of Nonpeptide, Selective AT 2 Receptor Agonists -- Selective Drug-like AT 2 R Agonists from Nonpeptide, Nonselective AT 1 /AT 2 Receptor Ligands -- Selective Drug-like AT 2 R Agonists from the Nonselective Parent Peptide Ang II -- Conversion of AT 2 R Agonists to AT 2 R Antagonists -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 19: Angiotensin-Based Peptides as AT 2 R Agonists -- Introduction -- Endogenous Angiotensin Peptides -- Ang II -- Ang III -- Ang IV -- Ang 1-7 -- Ang 1-9 -- Synthetic Peptides -- CGP42112 -- β -Amino-Acid-Substituted Angiotensin Peptides -- [Y] 6 -AII -- LP2-3 (dKcAng-(1-7)) -- Novokinin -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 20: Potential Clinical Application of Angiotensin 2 Receptor Agonists -- Introduction -- Preclinical Testing -- Investigational New Drug Application -- Clinical Trials -- Potential Therapeutic Indications for AT 2 R Agonists -- Orphan Indications -- Marfan Syndrome -- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis -- Other Indications -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 21: Angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas: A Brief History -- Introduction -- Discovery of Mas: Is It a Proto-Oncogene? -- Functions of Mas: Is It an Ang II Receptor? -- Mas, Its Antisense RNA, and Imprinting -- Mas Expression -- Mas Functions: Mas-Deficient Mice -- Discovery of Ang-(1-7) -- Closing the Gap: Mas Is an Ang-(1-7) Receptor -- References. , Chapter 22: Animal Models with a Genetic Alteration of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas Axis -- Introduction -- Transgenic Animal Technology: A Brief Update -- Transgenic and KO Rodent Models of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas Axis -- ACE2 Models -- ACE2 KO Mice -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in Mouse -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in the Mouse Brain -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in the Mouse Heart -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in Mouse Podocytes -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in the Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle -- Mas Models -- Mas-KO Mice -- Mas Overexpression in Retina -- Prolylcarboxypeptidase KO Mice -- Ang-(1-7) Models -- Transgenic Rats Overexpressing Ang-(1-7) -- Transgenic Mice and Rats Overexpressing Ang-(1-7) in the Heart -- Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 23: Mas Signaling: Resolved and Unresolved Issues -- Introduction -- Expression of Mas -- Mas as a GPCR -- Early Discovery of Mas and Its Signaling Pathways -- Identifying Ang-(1-7) Targets Through Proteomics -- Ang-(1-7)/Mas Signaling Through Akt -- Ang-(1-7)/Mas Signaling and Nitric Oxide Production -- Mas and MAPK Signaling -- Mas and RhoA -- Biological Significance of Mas Signaling: Insights from Mas-Knockout Mice -- Unresolved Issues -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 24: Mas/AT 2 Cross Talk -- References -- Chapter 25: ACE2 Cell Biology, Regulation, and Physiological Functions -- Introduction -- ACE2: Discovery and Basic Biology -- ACE2 Regulation -- References -- Chapter 26: Mas in Myocardial Infarction and Congestive Heart Failure -- Myocardial Infarction and Congestive Heart Failure -- Renin-Angiotensin System and Cardiac Remodeling -- Inflammatory Phase -- Proliferative Phase -- Maturation Phase -- References -- Chapter 27: Mas Receptor: Vascular and Blood Pressure Effects -- References -- Chapter 28: Mas and Neuroprotection in Stroke -- Introduction. , Neuroprotection and the RAS.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-12-801485-7

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (312 pages) : , illustrations

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-12-801364-8

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- The Protective Arm of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Functional Aspects and Therapeutic Implications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: The Angiotensin AT 2 Receptor: From Enigma to Therapeutic Target -- Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: The AT 2 Receptor: Historical Perspective -- Background to the Early Involvement of Ciba-Geigy in the Angiotensin Field -- Two Ang II Receptor Subtypes -- Angiotensin II Receptor Nomenclature -- Early Research on the Role of the AT 2 Receptor -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Animal Models with a Genetic Alteration of AT 2 Expression -- Introduction -- Blood Pressure -- Cardiac Disease -- Vascular Disease -- Renal Disease -- Neural Disease -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: AT 2 Receptor Signaling: Solved and Unsolved -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Dimerization -- Proliferation and Differentiation -- Apoptosis -- Inflammation -- Fibrosis -- Solved and Unsolved Issues -- References -- Chapter 5: AT 1 R - AT 2 R Cross Talk -- Cross Regulation of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and the Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor -- Functional Significance of the AT 1 R - AT 2 R Cross Talk -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: The Angiotensin AT 2 Receptor in Myocardial Infarction -- Introduction -- AT 2 Receptor Expression in the Heart -- Acute-Phase Postmyocardial Infarction -- Cardiac Function -- Bradykinin/Nitric Oxide System -- Intracellular Acidosis -- Apoptosis -- Inflammation -- Tissue Regeneration -- Late-Phase Postmyocardial Infarction -- Cardiac Function -- Cardiac Fibrosis -- Cardiac Hypertrophy -- Extracellular Matrix Degradation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: AT 2 R, Vascular Effects, and Blood Pressure -- Introduction -- AT 2 Vasorelaxation: In Vitro Preclinical Studies -- Acute AT 2 R Vasodilatation/ BP Effects: In Vivo Preclinical Studies. , Chronic AT 2 R Effects on BP: Preclinical Studies -- Human Vascular AT 2 R Function: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies -- AT 2 R Vasorelaxation: Why Is There no Translation into Antihypertensive Effects in Chronic Studies? -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8: AT 2 R in Nervous System -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Expression in CNS -- AT 2 R Expression in Neuronal Injury -- AT 2 R -Mediated Effects in CNS Cells -- AT 2 R in Peripheral Neuronal Injury -- AT 2 R Stimulation in Stroke -- AT 2 R in Spinal Cord Injury -- AT 2 R in Multiple Sclerosis -- AT 2 R in Traumatic Brain Injury -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Roles of AT 2 R in Cognitive Function -- Introduction -- Preventive Effects of ARB on Cognitive Decline and Dementia -- Protection Against Ischemic Brain Damage by AT 2 R Stimulation -- Role of AT 2 R Stimulation in Cognitive Function -- Role of AT 2 R-Associated Proteins in Cognitive Function -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10: The Protective Role of Angiotensin II ( AT 2) Receptors in Renal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Indications ... -- Introduction -- Renal AT 2 R Expression -- Findings from AT 2 R Knockout ( AT 2 KO) Mice -- AT 2 R -Mediated Signaling Pathways -- Renoprotective Mechanisms of AT 2 R Stimulation -- Inflammation and Oxidative Stress -- Fibrosis and Extracellular Matrix Accumulation -- AT 2 R -Mediated Modulation of Other RAS Components -- Additional Mechanisms Involved in AT 2 R -Mediated Renoprotection -- AT 2 R in Renal Disease Associated with Obesity/Diabetes -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: AT 2 Receptors and Natriuresis -- Introduction -- Renal Expression of AT 2 Rs -- AT 2 R Induction of Natriuresis: Initial Evidence -- Role of Angiotensin III in AT 2 R -Induced Natriuresis -- Nephron Sites and Mechanisms of AT 2 R -Induced Natriuresis via ANG III. , AT 2 R -Dopamine D 1 -Like Receptor Interactions -- Physiological Significance of Renal AT 2 Rs in Renal Na + Excretion -- AT 2 R -Induced Natriuresis in Disease States -- AT 2 R Agonist Administration and Natriuresis -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: The Role of the AT 2 R in Vascular Remodeling -- Introduction -- The Theoretical Concept of the Role of AT 2 R in Vascular Remodeling -- AT 2 R and Hypertension-Induced Vascular Remodeling -- AT 2 R and Atherosclerosis -- AT 2 R and Aortic Aneurysm -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: The AT 2 Receptor and Inflammation -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Signaling in Inflammation -- Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease and the Role of the AT 2 Receptor -- Atherosclerosis -- Myocardial Infarction: Heart Failure -- Stroke -- Renal Injury -- Inflammation in Autoimmune Disease and the Role of the AT 2 Receptor -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: The AT 2 Receptor and Interacting Proteins (ATIPs) in Cancer -- The Renin-Angiotensin System and Cancer -- The AT 2 Receptor and Cancer -- AT 2 Receptor-Interacting Proteins (ATIPs) and Cancer -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15: AT 2 R and Sympathetic Outflow -- Introduction -- AT 2 R Ontogeny in Rodent Brain -- Effect of AT 2 R Activation on Neuronal Electrophysiological Characteristics -- AT 2 R and Sympathetic Regulation in Normal States -- Effects of the AT 2 R on Sympathetic Outflow in Pathological Conditions and Therapeutic Potential -- Conclusion and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 16: Metabolic Effects of AT 2 R Stimulation in Adipose Tissue -- Introduction -- Metabolic Function of AT 2 R: The Lessons from ARBs -- Metabolic Function of AT 2 R: The Lessons from AT 2 R-Deficient Mice -- Metabolic Function of AT 2 R: Experiments with Direct AT 2 R Stimulation -- References. , Chapter 17: Sex Differences in AT 2 R Expression and Action -- Basis for Sex Differences in Function -- AT 2 R Gene Mapping -- Hormonal Regulation of AT 2 R Expression -- Regulation of Arterial Pressure and Renal Function -- Arterial Pressure -- Kidney -- Evidence for a Differential Role for the AT 2 R in Other Disease Conditions -- Heart and Vascular Disease -- Neurological Disorders -- Reproduction -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18: Discovery of Nonpeptide, Selective AT 2 Receptor Agonists -- Selective Drug-like AT 2 R Agonists from Nonpeptide, Nonselective AT 1 /AT 2 Receptor Ligands -- Selective Drug-like AT 2 R Agonists from the Nonselective Parent Peptide Ang II -- Conversion of AT 2 R Agonists to AT 2 R Antagonists -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 19: Angiotensin-Based Peptides as AT 2 R Agonists -- Introduction -- Endogenous Angiotensin Peptides -- Ang II -- Ang III -- Ang IV -- Ang 1-7 -- Ang 1-9 -- Synthetic Peptides -- CGP42112 -- β -Amino-Acid-Substituted Angiotensin Peptides -- [Y] 6 -AII -- LP2-3 (dKcAng-(1-7)) -- Novokinin -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 20: Potential Clinical Application of Angiotensin 2 Receptor Agonists -- Introduction -- Preclinical Testing -- Investigational New Drug Application -- Clinical Trials -- Potential Therapeutic Indications for AT 2 R Agonists -- Orphan Indications -- Marfan Syndrome -- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis -- Other Indications -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 21: Angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas: A Brief History -- Introduction -- Discovery of Mas: Is It a Proto-Oncogene? -- Functions of Mas: Is It an Ang II Receptor? -- Mas, Its Antisense RNA, and Imprinting -- Mas Expression -- Mas Functions: Mas-Deficient Mice -- Discovery of Ang-(1-7) -- Closing the Gap: Mas Is an Ang-(1-7) Receptor -- References. , Chapter 22: Animal Models with a Genetic Alteration of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas Axis -- Introduction -- Transgenic Animal Technology: A Brief Update -- Transgenic and KO Rodent Models of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas Axis -- ACE2 Models -- ACE2 KO Mice -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in Mouse -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in the Mouse Brain -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in the Mouse Heart -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in Mouse Podocytes -- Human ACE2 Overexpression in the Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle -- Mas Models -- Mas-KO Mice -- Mas Overexpression in Retina -- Prolylcarboxypeptidase KO Mice -- Ang-(1-7) Models -- Transgenic Rats Overexpressing Ang-(1-7) -- Transgenic Mice and Rats Overexpressing Ang-(1-7) in the Heart -- Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 23: Mas Signaling: Resolved and Unresolved Issues -- Introduction -- Expression of Mas -- Mas as a GPCR -- Early Discovery of Mas and Its Signaling Pathways -- Identifying Ang-(1-7) Targets Through Proteomics -- Ang-(1-7)/Mas Signaling Through Akt -- Ang-(1-7)/Mas Signaling and Nitric Oxide Production -- Mas and MAPK Signaling -- Mas and RhoA -- Biological Significance of Mas Signaling: Insights from Mas-Knockout Mice -- Unresolved Issues -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 24: Mas/AT 2 Cross Talk -- References -- Chapter 25: ACE2 Cell Biology, Regulation, and Physiological Functions -- Introduction -- ACE2: Discovery and Basic Biology -- ACE2 Regulation -- References -- Chapter 26: Mas in Myocardial Infarction and Congestive Heart Failure -- Myocardial Infarction and Congestive Heart Failure -- Renin-Angiotensin System and Cardiac Remodeling -- Inflammatory Phase -- Proliferative Phase -- Maturation Phase -- References -- Chapter 27: Mas Receptor: Vascular and Blood Pressure Effects -- References -- Chapter 28: Mas and Neuroprotection in Stroke -- Introduction. , Neuroprotection and the RAS.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-12-801485-7

Sprache: Englisch