Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Umfang: 1 online resource (0 p.)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9780128021989 , 0128021985 , 9780128021149 , 0128021144

Serie: Neuroscience-Net Reference Book Series ; 4

Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record. , Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of contents -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 - Sex Differences in Immunity and Inflammation: Implications for Brain and Behavior -- 1 - Introduction -- 1.1 - Immune mediators -- 2 - Sex-dependent baseline differences in immune functioning and response -- 2.1 - Sex-dependent development and maturation of immune cells, immune responses, and immune signaling pathways -- 2.2 - Incidence of autoimmune disorders in men versus women -- 2.3 - Incidence of infectious diseases in men versus women -- 3 - Sex-dependent differences within the central nervous system -- 3.1 - Neurodegenerative responses -- 4 - Mechanisms of sex-dependent immune activity -- 4.1 - Introduction -- 4.2 - Sex steroids -- 4.3 - Microglia -- 4.4 - Neurotransmitters -- 4.5 - X-linked regulation of immunity -- 4.6 - MicroRNAs -- 4.7 - Microbiome -- 5 - Consequences of sex differences within central nervous system trauma and disease -- 5.1 - Introduction -- 5.2 - Sex differences in behavior -- 5.3 - Sex differences in other comorbidities -- 6 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 2 - Molecular Mechanisms of Memory in Males and Females -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Molecular mechanisms underlying memory formation -- 2.1 - Receptors and neural transmission -- 2.1.1 - AMPA receptors -- 2.1.2 - NMDA receptors -- 2.1.3 - GABA receptors -- 2.2 - Intracellular signaling mechanisms -- 2.2.1 - Calcium-dependent signaling -- 2.2.2 - CREB -- 2.2.3 - Other signaling pathways -- 2.2.4 - Summary -- 2.3 - Hormonal influences in memory mechanisms -- 2.4 - Chromosomal complement -- 2.5 - Interpretations of sex differences in mechanisms of memory -- 3 - Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 - Sex Differences in Anxiety Disorders: Gonadal Hormone Interactions with Pathophysiology, Neurobiology, and Trea... -- 1 - Introduction. , 2 - Sex differences in anxiety disorders -- 3 - Neurobiology of fear extinction -- 3.1 - Rodent fear circuitry -- 3.2 - Human fear circuitry -- 3.3 - Relevance to anxiety disorders -- 4 - Sex differences in fear extinction -- 4.1 - Rodents -- 4.2 - Humans -- 4.3 - Sexually dimorphic circuitry -- 5 - Estrogen -- 5.1 - Role of estrogen in fear - rodents -- 5.2 - Role of estrogen in fear - humans -- 5.3 - Estrogen and fear circuitry -- 5.4 - Estrogen and treatment for anxiety disorders -- 6 - Other gonadal hormones -- 6.1 - Progesterone -- 6.2 - Testosterone -- 7 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 - Sex Differences in the Social Behavior Network and Mesolimbic Dopamine System -- 1 - Introduction to sex differences in social behavior and the importance of sex-specific responses in neural circuitry -- 2 - The social behavior network and sex differences in social behavior -- 2.1 - Sexual dimorphism in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) -- 2.2 - Sex differences in the MPOA on social behavior -- 2.3 - Anatomical dimorphism in the medial amygdala -- 2.4 - Sex differences in effects of MeA on social behavior -- 2.5 - Sexual dimorphism in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis -- 2.6 - Sex differences in effects of anterior BNST on social behavior -- 2.7 - Sex differences in effects of posterior BNST on social behavior -- 3 - The mesolimbic dopamine system -- 3.1 - Sex differences in the neuroanatomy of the mesolimbic dopamine system -- 3.2 - Sex differences in the mesolimbic dopamine system: appetitive social contexts -- 3.3 - Sex differences in the mesolimbic dopamine system: aversive social contexts -- 4 - Connectivity between social behavior network and THE mesolimbic dopamine system -- 5 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5 - Sexual Dimorphisms in Psychosis Risk: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective. , 1 - Introduction -- Theoretical conceptualizations -- 3 - Sex differences in clinical phenomenology and functioning -- 4 - Sex differences in cognition -- 4.1 - Neurocognition -- 4.2 - Social cognition -- 5 - Sex differences in other neurobiological precursors -- 5.1 - Neurobiological stress -- 5.2 - Perinatal complications -- 5.3 - Genetic liability -- 6 - Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 - Sex Differences and Addiction -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Sex differences in addiction in humans -- 2.1 - Epidemiological studies: sex differences in the rates of drug use, abuse, and dependence -- 2.2 - Incarceration, victimization, violence, and trauma -- 2.3 - Why do some people use drugs? -- 3 - Sex differences in addiction in preclinical studies -- 4 - Sex differences in the mechanisms of addiction -- 5 - Sex differences in preclinical research -- 5.1 - Acquisition of drug self-administration -- 5.2 - Patterns of drug intake and motivation -- 5.3 - Modeling drug relapse: extinction and reinstatement -- 5.4 - Distinguishing recreational drug use from addiction in preclinical models -- 6 - New animal models to study addiction are needed -- 7 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 - Stress and Emotional Learning in Humans: Evidence for Sex Differences -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Episodic memory -- 2.1 - Encoding -- 2.2 - Consolidation -- 2.3 - Retrieval -- 2.4 - Interim conclusion on episodic memory -- 3 - Fear conditioning -- 3.1 - Fear memory formation and consolidation -- 3.2 - Fear extinction and retrieval -- 3.3 - Interim conclusion on fear conditioning -- 4 - General conclusions and suggestions for future work -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 - Biological Underpinnings of Sex Differences in Eating Disorders -- 1 - Introduction -- 1.1 - Definitions. , 2 - Behavior genetics: sex-differentiated genetic risk for eating pathology -- 2.1 - Etiologic effects on eating pathology in late adolescence and adulthood -- 2.2 - Developmental considerations -- 3 - Gonadal hormones and sex-differentiated risk for eating pathology -- 3.1 - Risk effects of ovarian hormones on eating pathology -- 3.2 - Protective effects of testosterone on eating pathology -- 4 - Appetite-regulating hormones: implications for eating pathology? -- 5 - Brain imaging: sex-differentiated risk for disordered eating -- 6 - Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 - The Maternal Brain: Short- and Long-Term Effects of Reproductive Experience on Hippocampus Structure and Functi... -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Pregnancy and parturition: short-term changes in cognition and hippocampus -- 2.1 - Cognitive changes in pregnancy and early postpartum -- 2.2 - Possible mechanisms of cognitive changes during pregnancy: steroid hormones -- 2.3 - Possible mechanisms of cognitive changes during pregnancy and early postpartum: the hippocampus -- 2.4 - Effects of parity on cognition beyond the postpartum -- 3 - Long-term changes in cognition with aging are altered by reproductive factors and parity -- 4 - Greater endogenous ovarian hormone exposure may improve cognitive aging -- 4.1 - Reproductive experience, aging, and cognition: animal studies -- 4.2 - Neural correlates of reproductive experience in later life -- 4.3 - Sensitivity to estrogens changes with parity and aging -- 5 - The hippocampus and Alzheimer's disease -- 6 - Reproductive experience and susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease -- 6.1 - Introduction -- 6.2 - Reproductive experience interacts with genetic susceptibility for AD -- 7 - Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10 - Sex and the Developing Brain -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Sex determination and sexual differentiation of the brain. , 3 - The organization and activational hypothesis of sex differences in the brain and behavior -- 4 - The mechanisms of steroid-induced sexual differentiation in the rodent brain are brain region specific -- 4.1 - Sex differences in the size of brain nuclei -- 4.2 - The preoptic area -- 4.3 - The ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus -- 4.4 - The arcuate nucleus -- 5 - The genetics and epigenetics of sex differences in the developing brain -- 5.1 - The sex chromosomes and brain development -- 5.2 - Epigenetic mechanisms of sex differences in the developing brain -- 6 - Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11 - Presence and Absence of Sex Differences in Structure and Function of the Brain Oxytocin System: Implications f... -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Sex differences in the brain OT system -- 2.1 - Are there sex differences in the brain OT system in rodents? -- 2.1.1 - Sex differences in OT in the rodent brain -- 2.1.2 - Sex differences in OTR in the rodent brain -- 2.2 - Are there sex differences in the brain OT system in humans? -- 2.3 - Do sex differences in the OT system relate to species-specific social organizations? -- 3 - Sexually dimorphic actions of OT on behavior and neural responses -- 3.1 - Sexually dimorphic actions of OT in voles -- 3.1.1 - Sexually dimorphic actions of OT on behavior -- 3.1.2 - Sexually dimorphic organizational effects of OT on the brain -- 3.2 - Sexually dimorphic actions of OT on behavioral and brain responses in rats and mice -- 3.2.1 - Sexually dimorphic actions of OT on social behavior -- 3.2.2 - Sexually dimorphic actions of OT on anxiety-related behavior -- 3.2.3 - Sexually dimorphic organizational effects of OT on brain and behavior -- 3.3 - Are there sexually dimorphic actions of OT in humans? -- 3.3.1 - Effects of OT on human social behavior -- 3.3.2 - Effects of OT on human anxiety-related behavior. , 3.3.3 - Sexually dimorphic actions of OT on human brain responses. , English

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books.

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