Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Umfang: 1 online resource (590 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9780128026595 , 0128026596 , 9780128022412 , 0128022418

Originaltitel: Viral gastroenteritis (Svensson)

Anmerkung: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction -- References -- Chapter 1.1 - Gastrointestinal Physiology and Pathophysiology -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Normal intestinal physiology -- 2.1 - Fluid Balance in the Intestine -- 2.2 - Intestinal Absorption -- 2.2.1 - Sugar Transport -- 2.2.2 - Amino Acid and Peptide Transport -- 2.2.3 - Electroneutral NaCl Absorption -- 2.2.4 - Anion Secretion -- 2.2.5 - The Enteric Nervous System -- 3 - Gastrointestinal pathophysiology -- 4 - Conclusions -- 5 - Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 1.2 - Immunity in the Gut: Mechanisms and Functions -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Neonatal adaptive mucosal immunity -- 3 - Postnatal adaptive mucosal immunity -- 4 - Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue -- 4.1 - Induction of Gut Immunity -- 4.2 - Additional Sources of Intestinal B Cells -- 5 - Intestinal immune-effector compartments -- 5.1 - Lamina Propria B Cells and Their Epithelial Cooperation -- 5.2 - Secretory Immunity -- 5.3 - Complexity of Mucosal Antigen Clearance -- 6 - Difficulties in evaluating the protective effect of secretory immunity -- 7 - Mucosal T cells and their putative protective roles -- 7.1 - Phenotypic Heterogeneity -- 7.2 - Possible Antimicrobial Functions -- 8 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 1.3 - Immunodeficiencies: Significance for Gastrointestinal Disease -- 1 - Primary immunodeficiency -- 2 - Gastrointestinal disorderS in PID patients -- 2.1 - Selective IgA Deficiency -- 2.1.1 - Selective IgA Deficiency and Gastrointestinal Viral Infections -- 2.2 - Common Variable Immunodeficiency -- 2.2.1 - CVID and Viral Infections -- 2.3 - X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia -- 2.3.1 - XLA and Viral Infections -- 2.4 - Hyper IgM Syndrome -- 2.4.1 - XHIGM and Viral Infections -- 2.5 - SCID -- 2.5.1 - SCID and Viral Infections. , 2.6 - Other Immunodeficiency Diseases and Genetic Factors -- 3 - Consideration for use of live oral vaccine in immunodeficient patients -- 3.1 - Oral Rotavirus Vaccine -- 3.2 - Oral Poliovirus (OPV) -- 4 - Conclusions and future perspectiveS -- References -- Chapter 1.4 - Therapy of Viral Gastroenteritis -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Background -- 2.1 - Physiologic Basis of Rehydration -- 2.2 - Basis of Pharmacotherapy -- 3 - Clinical assessment -- 3.1 - History -- 3.2 - Physical Examination -- 3.3 - Assessment of Dehydration -- 4 - Therapy -- 4.1 - Supportive Measures -- 4.1.1 - Fluid Replacement and Maintenance -- 4.1.2 - Diet -- 4.1.3 - Probiotics -- 4.1.4 - Zinc -- 4.2 - Pharmacotherapy -- 4.2.1 - Antimotility Agents -- 4.2.2 - Antiemetics -- 4.2.3 - Antisecretory Agents -- 4.2.4 - Nonspecific Agents -- 4.2.5 - Immune Active Agents -- 4.3 - Special Clinical Scenarios -- 5 - Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2.1 - Structure and Function of the Rotavirus Particle -- 1 - Rotavirus particle -- 2 - Outer layer -- 3 - Middle and inner layers: the DLP -- 4 - Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2.2 - Rotavirus Attachment, Internalization, and Vesicular Traffic -- 1 - Initial interactions of the virus with the host cell -- 1.1 - Virus Attachment -- 1.2 - Postattachment Interactions -- 2 - Virus internalization -- 2.1 - The Endosomal Network and the ESCRT Machinery -- 3 - M6PR and cathepsins in rotavirus entry -- 4 - Penetration and uncoating -- 5 - Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2.3 - Rotavirus Replication and Reverse Genetics -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Rotavirus replication -- 2.1 - Virus Structure -- 2.2 - Viral Transcription -- 2.3 - Viroplasm Formation and Function -- 2.4 - Genome Replication and Particle Assembly -- 3 - Reverse genetics systems -- 3.1 - Fully Recombinant Systems -- 3.1.1 - MRV. , 3.1.2 - Orbiviruses: BTV, AHDV, and EHDV -- 3.1.3 - RV-Attempts at Developing Fully Recombinant RG Systems -- 3.2 - Rotavirus Single-Gene Replacement Systems -- 3.2.1 - Gene 4 (VP4) -- 3.2.2 - Gene 8 (NSP2) -- 3.2.3 - Gene 7 (NSP3) -- 3.2.4 - Gene 10 (NSP4) -- 3.3 - Summary and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- Note added in proof -- References -- Chapter 2.4 - Pleiotropic Properties of Rotavirus Nonstructural Protein 4 (NSP4) and Their Effects on Viral Replication and... -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Classification and phylogeny of NSP4 -- 3 - NSP4 domain organization -- 4 - NSP4 structure -- 5 - The pathophysiology of Rotavirus-Induced disease and characterization of the role of NSP4 in diarrhea induction -- 6 - Mechanism of NSP4 in diarrhea induction -- 7 - iNSP4-mediated apoptosis -- 8 - iNSP4 viroporin-mediated elevation of cytoplasmic calcium -- 9 - Role of iNSP4 in viral morphogenesis -- 10 - NSP4-activated immune responses -- 11 - Concluding remarks and summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2.5 - Rotavirus Replication: the Role of Lipid Droplets -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Viroplasms -- 3 - Lipid droplets -- 4 - Interaction of viroplasms with lipid droplets -- 5 - Lipid droplet homoeostasis and rotavirus replication -- 6 - Lipid droplets, lipid homoeostasis and replication of viruses and other microbes -- 7 - Future work on lipid droplets and rotavirus replication -- 8 - Other cellular proteins involved in rotavirus replication -- 9 - Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2.6 - Rotavirus Disease Mechanisms -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Clinical symptoms -- 2.1 - Sickness Response -- 2.2 - Extra Mucosal Spread of Rotavirus -- 2.2.1 - Intussusception -- 2.3 - Rotavirus Infection Delays Gastric Emptying -- 3 - Nitric oxide in RV illness -- 4 - Role of prostaglandins and acetylsalicylic acid in Rotavirus diarrhoea. , 5 - Mechanisms of diarrhoea -- 6 - Pathology -- 6.1 - Pathology of Fatal Cases of Rotavirus Infection -- 7 - Pathophysiology of Rotavirus-induced diarrhoea -- 7.1 - Effect of Rotavirus Infection on Electrolyte and Fluid Transport -- 7.2 - Oral Rehydration Corrects Rotavirus-Induced Loss of Electrolytes and Water -- 8 - Secretory diarrhoea -- 9 - The NSP4 enterotoxin -- 10 - The enteric nervous system and enterochromaffin cells -- 11 - Rotavirus effect on intestinal motility -- 12 - Permeability -- 13 - Vomiting and serotonin receptor antagonist treatment -- References -- Chapter 2.7 - Gnotobiotic Neonatal Pig Model of Rotavirus Infection and Disease -- 1 - Introduction -- 1.1 - Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria Modulate Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Human Rotavirus Infection in Neonata... -- 1.1.1 - Interactions Among Probiotics, HRV and Innate Immunity (Summarized in Table 2.7.2) -- 1.1.2 - Functional Effects of Probiotics on Adaptive Immunity to RV (Table 2.7.2) -- 1.1.3 - Neonatal Pig Models Colonized With Complex Intestinal Microbiota of Human or Swine Origin -- 1.2 - Interactions Between Lactogenic Immune Factors, Probiotics, Neonatal Immune System and Human Rotavirus Vaccine in a G... -- 1.3 - Gut Transcriptome Responses to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus acidophilus in Neonatal Gnotobiotic Piglets -- 1.4 - Prenatal Vitamin A Deficiency Alters Immune Responses to Virulent Human Rotavirus/Human Rotavirus Vaccines in a Gnoto... -- 1.4.1 - VAD Effects on the Innate Immune Responses -- 1.4.2 - VAD Effects on the Adaptive Immune Responses -- 2 - Concluding remarks and future directions -- References -- Chapter 2.8 - Innate Immune Responses to Rotavirus Infection -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Homologous and heterologous Rotaviruses: contrasting paradigms of innate immune regulation. , 3 - Detection of Rotavirus infection: Host innate sensors involved in Rotavirus recognition -- 4 - Intermediaries: innate factors relaying Interferon induction during Rotavirus infection -- 5 - The amplifiers: Rotavirus regulation of the effects of Interferons -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2.9 - Human Acquired Immunity to Rotavirus Disease and Correlates of Protection -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Rotavirus-specific T cells -- 2.1 - Rotavirus-Specific CD4 T Cells -- 2.2 - Rotavirus-Specific CD8 T Cells -- 2.3 - Epitopes Recognized by Rotavirus-Specific T Cells -- 2.4 - Markers of Intestinal Homing on Rotavirus-Specific T Cells -- 2.5 - Intestinal Human Rotavirus-Specific T Cells -- 2.6 - In Vitro Models to Study Human Rotavirus-Specific T Cells -- 3 - Rotavirus-Specific B cells -- 4 - Correlates of protection -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2.10 - Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Rotaviruses -- 1 - Classification of rotaviruses -- 2 - Mechanisms of rotavirus evolution and their significance -- 2.1 - Point Mutation -- 2.2 - Reassortment -- 2.3 - Rearrangement -- 2.4 - Recombination -- 2.5 - Interspecies Transmission -- 3 - Laboratory methods used to study the molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses -- 3.1 - Serotyping and Subgrouping -- 3.2 - Electropherotyping -- 3.3 - Whole Genome Hybridization -- 3.4 - Multiplex Genotyping PCR and Sequencing -- 3.5 - Whole Genome Sequencing -- 4 - Trends in rotavirus strain prevalence in humans -- 4.1 - Global Genotype Distribution -- 4.2 - Regional Genotype Patterns -- 4.3 - Local Genotype Patterns -- 4.4 - Temporal Changes in Genotype Distributions -- 4.5 - Local Persistence, Global Spread -- 4.6 - Impact of Vaccination on Genotype Distributions -- 5 - Rotavirus transmission dynamics: Driving forces behind epidemiological trends. , 5.1 - What can Mathematical Models Tell us About Rotavirus Transmission?.

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books.

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