Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (584 pages)

ISBN: 9780128050927 , 0128050926 , 9780128050910 , 0128050918

Inhalt: "Wetland and Stream Rapid Assessments: Development, Validation, and Application describes the scientific and environmental policy background for rapid wetland and stream assessments, how such assessment methods are developed and statistically verified, and how they can be used in environmental decision-making--including wetland and stream permitting. In addition, it provides several case studies of method development and use in various parts of the world. Readers will find guidance on developing and testing such methods, along with examples of how these methods have been used in various programs across North America. Rapid wetland and stream functional assessments are becoming frequently used methods in federal, state and local environmental permitting programs in North America. Many governments are interested in developing new methods or improving existing methods for their own jurisdictions. This book provides an ideal guide to these initiatives. Offers guidance for the use and evaluation of rapid assessments to developers and users of these methods, as well as students of wetland and stream quality. Contains contributions from sources who are successful in academia, industry and government, bringing credibility and relevance to the content Includes a statistically-based approach to testing the validity of the rapid method, which is very important to the usefulness and defensibility of assessment methods" --

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Wetland and Stream Rapid Assessments: Development, Validation, and Application -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- References -- Introduction -- Background -- Definitions -- Overview of the Structure of the Book -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 1.0: History of Wetland and Stream RAMs -- Rapid Assessment Methods for Wetlands -- RAMs for Stream and Riparian Areas -- Stream Flow Duration Methods -- Stream Condition and Function Assessment Methods -- Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- Section 2: Landscape-Level Approaches -- Chapter 2.1: Introduction to Landscape-Level Wetland Assessment -- Background -- What Is a Landscape-Level Wetland Assessment? -- Guiding Principle -- Source Data -- Features to Identify -- Overview of Landscape-Level Wetland Assessment in North America -- Considerations in the Application of Landscape-Level Approaches Beyond North America -- General Limitations of Landscape-Level Approaches -- Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- Section 2.2: Case Studies-Landscape-Level Approaches -- Chapter 2.2.1: A Landscape-Level Wetland Functional Assessment Tool: Building a Framework for Watershed-Based Assessments ... -- Introduction -- Expanding the NWI Database -- LLWW Descriptors -- Predicting Wetland Functions From NWI+ DATA -- NWI+ Database -- NWI+ Products -- Uses of the NWI+ Data -- Applications to Date -- Case Study Examples of Applications -- Basic Procedures -- Watershed Examples -- Watershed Results -- Traditional NWI Findings -- Enhanced NWI Findings -- Comparison Between Watersheds -- Statewide Assessment Example-Connecticut -- Limitations of This Approach -- Uses of This Assessment Method -- Future Applications -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2.2.2: Georgia Coastal Wetlands Landscape-Level Assessment -- Introduction. , Need for More Detailed Classification -- Funding Source -- Study Area -- Methods -- Source Data and Technical Requirements -- NWI Wetland Classification -- Expanded Classification for Developing Functional Correlations or Condition Assessment -- Preliminary Assessment of Wetland Functions -- Data Analysis and Compilation -- Results -- NWI Types -- LLWW Types -- Wetland Functions -- Current Use of the Assessment -- Lessons Learned -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2.2.3: Assessing Streamflow Maintenance Functions in Wetlands of the Blackfoot River Subbasin in Montana, United ... -- Introduction -- Background -- Study Area -- Methods -- Source Data -- Wetland Classification -- Functional Correlations -- Landscape Condition Assessment -- Results -- Landscape Condition Assessment -- Lessons Learned -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2.2.4: Landscape-Level Wetland Functional Assessment for the St. Joseph River Watershed, Southwest Michigan, Unit ... -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Developing a Watershed Management Plan -- Baseline Data -- Landscape-Level Wetland Functional Assessment -- Parcel/Ownership Information -- The Three-Step Process for Developing Watershed-Based Wetland Conservation -- Step 1-Enhancement -- Step 2-Prioritization -- Calculating Functional Units -- Functional Status and Trends -- Scoring Wetland Areas -- Step 3-Utilization -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2.2.5: An Automated Procedure for Extending the NWI Classification System for Wetland Functional Assessment in Mi ... -- Introduction -- Wetland Assessment Efforts in Minnesota -- Objective -- Methods -- Study Area -- Classification System -- Input Data -- Derived Data -- Classification Process -- Results -- Discussion -- Accuracy Assessment Issues -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading. , Chapter 2.2.6: Developing a Functional Classification for the Wetlands of Colorado´s Southern Rockies -- Introduction -- Methods -- Developing an LLWW Classification for the Southern Rockies -- Coding for Wetlands and Waterbodies -- Developing Functional Crosswalks -- Case Study: Applying the Southern Rockies LLWW to the Arkansas Headwaters -- Methods -- Results -- Colorado's Watershed Planning Toolbox (Current Use of SR-LLWW) -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2.2.7: Wetland Mapping Provides Opportunity to Compare Landscape-Level Functional Assessments to Site-Level Wetla ... -- Introduction -- Need for Landscape-Level Assessment -- Funding Source -- Methods -- Source Data/Technical Requirements -- Wetland Classification -- Developing Functional Correlations and Condition Assessments -- Alignment of Categorical Ratings to Numeric Scores for Comparison -- Results -- Wetland Characterization -- Ecological Features -- Abiotic Features -- Statewide Landscape-Level Wetland Functional Assessment -- Current Use of Landscape-Level Functional Assessment -- Comparison With Field Evaluation of Wetland Condition -- Field Visits and Accuracy Verification -- Confirming LLWW Predictions -- Pilot Comparison Using Inland Bays Basin Data -- Comparison With IWC Scores -- Evaluating by Function -- Value-Added Metrics -- Lessons Learned -- Suggested Next Steps -- Future Use of Landscape-Level Assessment in Delaware -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2.2.8: Virginia Wetland Condition Assessment Tool (WetCAT): A Model for Management -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2.2.9: The Use of Landscape-Level Assessment for Producing a Decision-Support Tool for Puget Sound Watersheds -- Introduction -- Conceptual Framework -- Description of Method. , Time Spent in Developing the Method -- Example of Method Application -- Time Spent in Field -- How Data Were Used -- What Was Learned -- Prospects for the Future -- References -- Chapter 2.2.10: NovaWET-Basic Information for Assessing Wetland Functions in Nova Scotia, Canada -- Introduction -- Developing the Method -- NovaWET (Version 3.0) -- Examples of Applications -- Current Wetland Assessment Activities in the Maritimes -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2.2.11: Development and Preliminary Tests of Remotely Based Imagery, Digital Databases, and GIS Methods as Tools ... -- Introduction -- Geospatial Wetland Mapping and Evaluation -- Methods -- Bottom-Up Wetland Mapping Standards -- Key to Wetland Types and Vegetation Communities -- Remote-Based Identification of Bogs -- Automated Top-Down Wetland Evaluation Using Remote Sensing and GIS -- Results and Discussion -- Bottom-Up Wetland Mapping Standards -- Key to Wetland Types and Vegetation Communities -- Marshes -- Swamps -- Fens -- Bogs -- Automated Top-Down Wetland Evaluation Using Remote Sensing and GIS -- Additional Collaborative Work -- Summary -- Direction for Future Work -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2.2.12: Maintaining the Portfolio of Wetland Functions on Landscapes: A Rapid Evaluation Tool for Estimating Wetl ... -- Introduction -- Problem Statement -- Background -- Need for Landscape-level Assessment -- Funding Source -- Study Area -- Methods -- Relative Value Assessment Units -- Wetland Inventory -- Wetland Functions -- Geographical Information System Database -- Wetland Indicators -- Wetland Subfunctions and Functions -- Wetland Values -- Policy Lever to Ensure Maintenance of Wetland Area (a, b, c, and d Scores) -- Policy Lever to Ensure Protection of High Risk Areas (A, B, C, and D Scores) -- Results. , Current Use of the Landscape-Level Assessment -- Use by Planners -- Use by Regulatory Personnel -- Comparisons With Field Evaluations -- Lessons Learned -- Simplifying Indicators and Subfunction Models -- Synergies and Tradeoffs -- Static Versus Dynamic Assessments -- Future Use of the Landscape-Level Assessment -- Refining the Wetland Inventory -- Monitoring Extent and Recovery of Wetland Functions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section 3: Field-Level Rapid Assessment Methods: Overview and General Process for Developing or Regionalizing a RAM -- Chapter 3.1: Process for Adapting or Developing a RAM -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3.2: Developing Guidance for Delimiting the Assessment Areas or Stream Reaches -- Reference -- Chapter 3.3: Selecting Indicators, Creating and Testing the Data Forms -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3.4: Creating Models for Rolling Up Indicator Data Into Scores -- References -- Chapter 3.5: Collecting Calibration Data -- Should the RAM be Calibrated? -- How Many Reference Sites are Needed to Calibrate a RAM? -- By What Criteria Should Reference Sites Be Selected? -- How Can Sites Meeting the Selection Criteria Be Found? -- Who Should Collect the Reference Data? -- How Might the Collected Field Data Be Analyzed? -- References -- Chapter 3.6: Converting Scores to Ratings -- References -- Chapter 3.7: Converting to an Overall Site Score -- Reference -- Chapter 3.8: Analyzing Repeatability and Sensitivity -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3.9: Analyzing a RAM´s Accuracy -- References -- Chapter 3.10: General Issues in Statistical Analysis of RAMs -- Introduction -- Calibration -- Validation -- Calibration Method for Ordinal Score -- Calibration Method for Continuous Score -- Validation of Ordinal Metrics -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading. , Chapter 3.11: Training as a Component of RAM Implementation. , Text in English.

Sprache: Englisch