Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (760 pages)

Edition: 5th ed.

ISBN: 9780128111444 , 0128111445 , 9780128111437 , 0128111437

Note: Front Cover -- FUNDAMENTALS OF WEED SCIENCE -- FUNDAMENTALS OF WEED SCIENCE -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Epigraph -- Contents -- Preface -- ENDNOTE: AGRICULTURAL EXAMPLES -- Literature Cited -- 1 - Introduction -- Literature Cited -- 2 - Weeds: The Beginning -- 1. THE BEGINNING -- 2. DEFINITION OF THE WORD "WEED" -- 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF WEEDS -- 4. HARMFUL ASPECTS OF WEEDS -- 4.1 Plant Competition -- 4.2 Added Protection Costs -- 4.3 Reduced Quality of Farm Products -- 4.4 Reduced Quality of Animals -- 4.5 Increased Production and Processing Costs -- 4.6 Water Management -- 4.7 Human Health -- 4.8 Decreased Land Value and Reduced Crop Choice -- 4.9 Aesthetic Value -- 5. COST OF WEEDS -- THINGS TO THINK ABOUT -- Literature Cited -- 3 - Weed Classification -- 1. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS -- 1.1 Division I: Pteridophyta -- 1.2 Division II: Spermatophyta -- 1.2.1 Subdivision I: Gymnospermae -- 1.2.2 Subdivision II: Angiospermae -- 1.2.2.1 CLASS I: MONOCOTYLEDONEAE -- 1.2.2.2 CLASS II: DICOTYLEDONEAE -- 2. A NOTE ABOUT NAMES -- 3. CLASSIFICATION METHODS -- 3.1 Type of Plant -- 3.2 Habitat -- 3.2.1 Cropland -- 3.2.2 Rangeland -- 3.2.3 Forests -- 3.2.4 Aquatic -- 3.2.5 Environmental Weeds -- 3.3 Life History -- 3.3.1 Annuals -- 3.3.2 Biennials -- 3.3.3 Perennials -- 3.4 Parasitic Weeds -- THINGS TO THINK ABOUT -- Literature Cited -- 4 - Uses of Weeds - Ethnobotany -- 1. FOOD FOR HUMANS -- 2. FEED FOR ANIMALS -- 3. MEDICAL USES -- 4. AGRICULTURAL USES -- 5. ORNAMENTAL USES -- 6. INSECT OR DISEASE TRAPS -- 7. POLLUTION CONTROL -- 8. OTHER USES -- THINGS TO THINK ABOUT -- Literature Cited -- 5 - Weed Reproduction and Dispersal -- 1. SEED PRODUCTION -- 1.1 Seed Size -- 1.2 Seed Abundance -- 1.3 Seed Production -- 2. SEED DISPERSAL -- 2.1 Mechanical Dispersal -- 2.2 Wind Dispersal -- 2.3 Water Dispersal -- 2.4 Human-Aided Dispersal -- 2.5 Animal Aided. , 2.6 Machinery Dispersal -- 2.7 Mimicry -- 2.8 Other -- 2.9 Consequences of Weed Dispersal -- 3. SEED GERMINATION: DORMANCY -- 3.1 Causes -- 3.1.1 Light -- 3.1.2 Immature Embryo -- 3.1.3 Impermeable Seed Coat -- 3.1.4 Inhibitors -- 3.1.5 Oxygen -- 3.1.6 Temperature -- 3.1.7 After-Ripening Requirement -- 3.2 Classes of Dormancy -- 3.3 Consequences of Weed Seed Dormancy -- 4. VEGETATIVE OR ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION -- THINGS TO THINK ABOUT -- Literature Cited -- 6 - Weed Ecology -- 1. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON WEED ECOLOGY -- 2. THE WEED-CROP ECOSYSTEM -- 3. ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS -- 3.1 Weeds and Climate -- 3.2 Edaphic Factors -- 3.3 Weeds and Biota -- 3.3.1 Similarity of Seed Size -- 3.3.2 Time of Seed Germination and Formation -- 3.3.3 Tillage, Rotation, and Harvest Practices -- 4. FUNDAMENTAL ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS -- 4.1 Species -- 4.2 The Community -- 4.3 Ecological Succession -- 4.4 Interactions Between Weeds and Other Crop Pests -- 5. PLANT COMPETITION -- 5.1 Plant Competition Defined -- 5.2 Factors Controlling the Degree of Competition -- 5.3 Competition for Nutrients -- 5.4 Competition for Water -- 5.5 Competition for Light -- 5.6 Factors for Which Plants Generally Do Not Compete -- 6. PLANT CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPETITIVENESS -- 7. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEED DENSITY AND CROP YIELD -- 8. MAGNITUDE OF COMPETITIVE LOSS -- 9. DURATION OF COMPETITION -- 10. ECONOMIC ANALYSES -- 11. MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF COMPETITION -- THINGS TO THINK ABOUT -- Literature Cited -- 7 - Weed Population Genetics -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GENETIC DIVERSITY -- 2.1 Mutation at the Chromosomal and Molecular Levels -- 2.1.1 Chromosomal Mutations -- 2.1.2 Molecular Genetics -- 2.1.3 Base Substitutions -- 2.1.4 Other Molecular Mutations -- 2.2 Polymorphism -- 2.3 Haplotypes and Genetic Linkage -- 3. GENE EXPRESSION AND PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY. , 3.1 Gene Expression From Molecular and Classical Viewpoints -- 3.2 Dominance -- 3.3 Pleiotropy -- 3.4 Qualitative and Quantitative Traits -- 4. MATING SYSTEMS -- 4.1 Hardy-Weinberg Principle -- 4.2 Mating Systems Among Weeds and Implications -- 5. EVOLUTION OF WEED POPULATIONS -- 5.1 Fitness and Components of Fitness -- 5.2 Selection and Selection Pressure -- 5.2.1 Selection Pressure and Herbicide Resistance -- 5.2.2 Minimizing and Reversing Selection -- 5.2.3 Application of Genomics to Weed Population Genetics -- 5.2.4 Relevance and Future Prospects -- THINGS TO THINK ABOUT -- Literature Cited -- 8 - Invasive Plants -- 1. WHAT IS AN INVASIVE SPECIES? -- 2. WHAT IS THE EXTENT OF PLANT INVASIONS? -- 3. WHICH SPECIES WILL BE INVASIVE? -- 4. WHY DO INVASIONS OCCUR? -- 4.1 Propagule Pressure -- 4.2 Species Change After Introduction -- 4.3 Resource Availability -- 4.4 Disturbance -- 4.5 Diversity-Invasibility -- 4.6 Enemy Release -- 4.7 Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability -- 4.8 Novel Weapons -- 5. CONSEQUENCES OF PLANT INVASIONS -- 5.1 Threaten Biodiversity -- 5.2 Change Ecosystem Function -- 5.3 Changes Disturbance Regimes -- 5.4 Alter Wildlife Habitat -- 5.5 Modify Trophic Interactions -- 6. CASE STUDIES: FOUR INVASIVE PLANTS -- 6.1 Tamarisk (Also Known as Salt Cedar) -- 6.2 Kudzu -- 6.3 Water Hyacinth -- 6.4 Purple Loosestrife -- 7. MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE PLANTS -- 8. AN INVASIVE THOUGHT -- THINGS TO THINK ABOUT -- Literature Cited -- 9 - Allelopathy -- 1. ALLELOPATHIC CHEMISTRY -- 2. PRODUCTION OF ALLELOCHEMICALS -- 3. ALLELOPATHY AND WEED-CROP ECOLOGY -- 3.1 Effects on Weed Species -- 3.2 Weed Interference -- 3.3 Weed Management -- THINGS TO THINK ABOUT -- Literature Cited -- 10 - Methods of Weed Management -- 1. PREVENTION, CONTROL, ERADICATION, AND MANAGEMENT DEFINED -- 1.1 Prevention -- 1.2 Control -- 1.3 Eradication -- 1.4 Management. , 2. PREVENTIVE TECHNIQUES AND WEED LAWS -- 3. NONCHEMICAL METHODS OF WEED MANAGEMENT -- 3.1 Mechanical Control -- 3.1.1 Tillage -- 3.1.2 Mowing -- 3.1.3 Flooding, Salt Water, Draining, and Chaining -- 3.1.4 Two Other Techniques -- 3.2 Nonmechanical Methods -- 3.2.1 Hand Pulling -- 3.2.2 Use of Hand-Weeding Tools -- 3.2.3 Heat -- 3.2.3.1 FLAMING -- 3.2.3.2 SOLARIZATION -- 3.2.4 Mulching -- 3.2.5 Sound and Electricity -- 3.2.6 Light -- 3.3 Cultural Weed Management -- 3.3.1 Crop Competition -- 3.3.2 Planting Date and Population -- 3.3.3 Companion Cropping and Cover Crops -- 3.3.4 Crop Rotations -- 3.3.5 Fertility Manipulation -- THINGS TO THINK ABOUT -- Literature Cited -- 11 - Weed Management in Organic Farming Systems -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WHAT IS ORGANIC AGRICULTURE? -- 2.1 Agroecological -- 2.2 Biodynamic -- 2.3 Conservation -- 2.4 Organic -- 2.5 Regenerative -- 2.6 Characteristics and Objectives -- 3. FEEDING THE WORLD -- 4. METHODS OF WEED MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE -- 5. A DIFFERENT VIEW -- THINGS TO THINK ABOUT -- Literature Cited -- 12 - Biological Weed Control -- 1. GENERAL -- 1.1 Definition -- 1.2 Advantages -- 1.3 Disadvantages -- 1.4 Use Considerations -- 1.4.1 Does the Weed to Be Controlled Have a Native Habitat? -- 1.4.2 Will an Insect or Disease Control the Weed? -- 1.4.3 Will It Thrive and Reproduce in a New Habitat? -- 1.4.4 Does It Have the Same Genetic Composition? -- 1.4.5 Can It Be Reared in Captivity? -- 1.4.6 Will It Have Adequate Searching Capacity? -- 1.4.7 Will It Be Specific? -- 1.4.8 Will It Obtain Regulatory Approval? -- 2. METHODS OF APPLICATION -- 2.1 Classical -- 2.2 Augmentation -- 2.2.1 Inundation -- 2.2.2 Innoculation -- 2.3 Conservation -- 3. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS -- 3.1 Classical-Inoculative Biological Control -- 3.1.1 Insects -- 3.2 Inundative or Augmentive -- 3.2.1 Fungi -- 3.2.2 Bacteria. , 3.2.3 A Summary -- 3.3 Broad-Spectrum -- 3.3.1 Fish -- 3.3.2 Aquatic Mammals -- 3.3.3 Vertebrates -- 4. INTEGRATION OF TECHNIQUES -- THINGS TO THINK ABOUT -- Literature Cited -- 13 - Introduction to Chemical Weed Control -- 1. HISTORY OF CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL -- 1.1 The Blood, Sweat, and Tears Era -- 1.2 The Mechanical Era -- 1.3 The Chemical Era -- 2. ADVANTAGES OF HERBICIDES -- 2.1 Energy Use -- 2.2 Time/Profit -- 2.3 Labor Requirement -- 2.4 Tillage -- 3. DISADVANTAGES OF HERBICIDES -- 3.1 Cost -- 3.2 Mammalian Toxicity -- 3.3 Environmental Persistence -- 3.4 Weed Resistance to Herbicides -- 3.5 Monoculture -- 3.6 Other -- 4. CLASSIFICATION OF HERBICIDES -- 4.1 Crop of Use -- 4.2 Observed Effect -- 4.3 Site of Uptake -- 4.4 Contact Versus Systemic Activity -- 4.5 Selectivity -- 4.6 Time of Application -- 4.7 Chemical Structure -- 4.8 Site of Action -- THINGS TO THINK ABOUT -- Literature Cited -- 14 - Herbicides and Plants -- 1. FACTORS AFFECTING HERBICIDE PERFORMANCE -- 2. GENERAL -- 2.1 Sprayer Calibration -- 2.2 Reaching the Target Plant -- 2.2.1 Drift -- 2.2.2 Volatility -- 3. FOLIAR ACTIVE HERBICIDES -- 3.1 Spray Retention -- 3.1.1 Leaf Properties -- 3.1.2 Other Factors -- 3.1.3 Characteristics of Spray Solution -- 3.2 Environmental Factors -- 3.2.1 Moisture -- 3.2.2 Temperature -- 3.2.3 Light -- 4. PHYSIOLOGY OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS -- 4.1 Foliar Absorption -- 4.1.1 Stomatal Penetration -- 4.1.2 Cuticular Penetration -- 4.1.3 Fate of Foliar Herbicides -- 4.1.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Foliar Herbicides -- 4.2 Absorption From Soil -- 4.2.1 General -- 4.2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Soil-Applied Herbicides -- 4.2.3 Root Absorption -- 4.2.4 Influence of Soil pH -- 4.3 Shoot Versus Root Absorption -- 4.4 Absorption as a Determinant of Selectivity -- 4.5 Translocation -- 4.6 Translocation as a Determinant of Selectivity. , 4.7 Metabolism.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 735 Seiten) : , Illustrationen, Diagramme.

Edition: Fifth edition

ISBN: 978-0-12-811144-4

Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Zimdahl, Robert L. Fundamentals of Weed Science Saint Louis : Elsevier Science & Technology,c2018 ISBN 978-0-12-811143-7

Language: English

Keywords: Unkraut ; Unkrautbekämpfung ; Herbizid

DOI: 10.1016/C2015-0-04331-3

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext