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Umfang: 1 online resource (344 pages) : , illustrations (some color), maps

ISBN: 9780128120033 , 0128120037 , 9780128120026 , 0128120029

Anmerkung: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part I - Agricultural and Economics -- 1 - Acacia Seyal Gums in Sudan: Ecology and Economic Contribution -- Introduction -- Acacia seyal tree -- Acacia seyal distribution -- Acacia seyal ecology -- Location -- Soil -- Rainfall -- Temperature -- Acacia seyal husbandry -- Acacia seyal pre- and postharvest practices -- Identity and purity of Acacia seyal gum -- Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis for acacia gum in Sudan -- Acacia seyal contribution to production and export of gum Arabic -- General discussion and recommendations -- References -- Further Readings -- 2 - Management Practices of Gum Arabic-Producing Trees -- Introduction -- The importance of gum Arabic-producing trees -- Gum Arabic production -- Land tenure and management practices -- Limitations to management practices -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- 3 - Valuation of the Environmental Role of Acacia senegal Tree in the Gum Belt of Kordofan and the Blue Nile Sectors, Sudan -- Introduction -- The study area description -- Methodology of the study -- Results and discussion -- References -- 4 - Impact of Vegetation Cover Changes on Gum Arabic Production Using Remote Sensing Applications in Gedarif State, Sudan -- Applications of remote sensing on vegetation cover changes in arid regions -- Demographical features of Gadarif state -- Gum Arabic Belt in Sudan and its economic importance -- Impact of vegetation cover changes in the Gum Arabic Belt in Gadarif state -- Remote sensing tools used -- Results and discussion -- The impact of nomadic -- Shifting cultivation in forests -- Population pressure -- References -- Further Readings -- 5 - Gum Arabic: Certification and Assessment of Marketing Opportunities -- Introduction -- Gum Arabic production policies. , The role of stakeholders involved in gum Arabic business -- Trading channels -- International factors -- Definitions of certification -- Standards -- Definition of nontimber forest products -- Certification systems for NTFPs -- Forest (timberland) Stewardship Council principles -- Organic agriculture -- Introduction -- Principles of Organic Agriculture -- Fair trade: Fairtrade Labeling Organizations International -- Introduction -- Concept of fair trade -- Principles of fair trade -- Current situation of gum Arabic business in Umm Ruwaba and El Rahad, Sudan production -- Cost of certification -- Challenges of gum Arabic certification -- The opportunities -- Conclusions -- References -- Further Readings -- Part II - Chemistry: Food and Feed Applications -- 6 - Chemical Properties of Gum Arabic -- Introduction -- Chemical composition of gum Arabic -- Moisture -- Ash -- Nitrogen and protein content -- Amino acid composition -- Acidity and pH -- Solubility -- Equivalent weight, molecular weight, and uronic acid -- Reducing sugars -- Mineral composition -- Minor components of Acacia gums -- References -- 7 - Physical and Electrical Properties of Gum Arabic -- List of abbreviations -- Introduction -- Gum Arabic structure -- Chemical and physical properties of gum Arabic -- Chemical properties -- Physical properties -- Radiation properties -- Emissivity (ε) -- Absorptivity (α), reflectivity (ρ), and transmissivity (t) -- Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy -- Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy result -- UV-visible spectroscopy -- UV-visible spectroscopy analysis -- Determination of optical constant -- References -- Further Reading -- 8 - Analytical Techniques for New Trends in Gum Arabic (GA) Research -- Introduction -- Chromatographic techniques -- Mechanical stability -- Determining the organic elements -- Disintegration studies. , Determining viscosity (η) -- Thermogravimetric analysis -- Differential scanning calorimeter -- Infrared spectroscopy -- Nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) -- Optical activity -- Electric conductivity (Λ) -- Determining dielectric relaxation (ε) -- References -- 9 - Gravimetric and Calorimetric Analysis of Some Sudanese Acacia Exudate Gums -- Introduction -- Classification and botanical description of the investigated samples -- Acacia gerrardii var. gerrardii -- Acacia tortilis var. raddiana -- Results and discussion -- Thermogravimetric analysis results -- Differential scanning calorimeter analysis -- Elemental analysis results -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 - Processing of a Highly Purified Grade of Gum Arabic From Gum Dust -- Introduction -- Material and methods -- Preparation of samples -- Analytical methods -- Results and discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 - Processing and Modification of Gum Arabic in Specific Applications -- Introduction -- Compositing and blending -- Protein polysaccharide emulsions and polyelectrolytes formation -- Cross-linking of gum Arabic with other polymers -- Chemical modification with octenyl succinic anhydride for improved emulsification -- Microencapsulation using gum Arabic -- Electrospinning of gum Arabic -- Nanosizing using gum Arabic -- Drying and molding -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 - Enhancement of Color Stability in Foods by Gum Arabic -- Introduction -- Chemistry -- Food uses -- Gum Arabic as food color preserver -- Conclusion -- References -- 13 - Gum Arabic as Thickener and Stabilizing Agents in Dairy Products -- Introduction -- Mechanism of food stabilizers -- Gum Arabic -- Origin and production areas of gum Arabic -- Chemical composition, structure, and properties -- Emulsifying properties of gum Arabic -- Gum Arabic in dairy production. , Use of gum Arabic in other food industries -- Flavor encapsulation -- Gum Arabic in confectionery -- Gum Arabic in snack foods -- Bakery products -- Fruit juice and beverages -- Nutritional products -- Cooking products -- The legal requirements for gum Arabic -- Labeling requirements -- Packaging requirements -- References -- Further Reading -- 14 - Effect of Gum Arabic (Prebiotic) on Physicochemical and Organoleptic Properties of Yogurt (Probiotic) -- Introduction -- Materials and methods -- Experimental design -- Study area -- Source of milk -- Source of gum Arabic -- Yogurt manufacturing -- Clotting time and curd formation of yogurt -- Organoleptic properties of yogurt -- Results and discussion -- Organoleptic properties of yogurt -- Effect of gum Arabic concentration on milk clotting time -- References -- Further Reading -- 15 - Extending Cloud Stability of Tamarindus indica L. Juice Using Sodium Alginate and Gum Arabic During Storage in the ... -- Introduction -- Materials and methods -- Experimental design -- Study area -- Source of the samples -- Extraction of Tamarindus indica juice -- Preparation of stabilizers and their concentrations -- Storage of juice -- Sampling -- Determination of cloud stability in juice -- Average score of appearance of Tamarindus indica L. juice -- Results and discussion -- Effect of sodium alginate on cloud stability -- Effect of gum Arabic on cloud stability -- Average score of appearance of Tamarindus indica L. juice -- References -- Part III - Medical and Health Uses -- 16 - Health Benefits of Gum Arabic and Medical Use -- Introduction -- History of gum Arabic -- Chemistry of gum Arabic -- Absorption and metabolism of gum Arabic -- Potential health benefits of gum Arabic -- Antiobesity effect of gum Arabic -- The effects of gum Arabic on food intake -- The effects of gum Arabic on serum lipid profiles. , Gum Arabic and lipid metabolism gene -- Protective effect of gum Arabic for type 2 diabetes mellitus complications -- Antioxidant activity of gum Arabic -- Hepatoprotective effect of gum Arabic -- Nephroprotective effect of gum Arabic -- Antiulcer activity of gum Arabic -- Effects of gum Arabic on wound healing -- Reproductive function improvement from gum Arabic -- Immunomodulatory effect of gum Arabic -- Antibacterial activity of gum Arabic -- Antimalarial effect of gum Arabic -- Gum Arabic and sickle cell anemia -- Prebiotic properties of gum Arabic -- Gum Arabic electrolyte and water absorption -- Gum Arabic and cancer -- Gum Arabic and cosmetics -- Gum Arabic and inks -- Toxicological effects of gum Arabic -- Gum Arabic interactions with other medication -- References -- 17 - Gum Arabic Beneficial Effects, Clinical Applications, and Future Prospective -- Introduction -- Gum Arabic chemical structure -- Health benefits of gum Arabic -- Gum Arabic as prebiotic -- Gum Arabic and butyrate -- Gum Arabic effect on renal functions -- Gum Arabic effect on gastrointestinal tract -- Gum Arabic effect on lipid profile and blood pressure -- Gum Arabic effects on blood glucose concentration and body mass -- Gum Arabic immune-modulatory and antiinflammatory properties -- Gum Arabic as antioxidant agent -- Gum Arabic hematological effect -- Gum Arabic anticancer properties -- Gum Arabic and erythropoietin -- List of abbreviations -- References -- 18 - Use of Acacia Gum in the Treatment of Skin Lesions of Two Children With Kwashiorkor -- List of abbreviations -- Introduction -- History and origins of gum Arabic -- Uses of acacia gum -- Discussion -- References -- 19 - Extraction and Utilization of Sudanese Acacia Senegale Seeds (Gum Arabic) Oil for Biodiesel Production in Sudan -- Introduction -- Results and discussion. , Physicochemical properties of acacia seeds and crude oils.

Sprache: Englisch