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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge, Mass. :MIT Press,
    UID:
    almafu_9959228794402883
    Format: 1 online resource (620 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780262337298 , 0262337290 , 9780262337281 , 0262337282
    Content: Groundbreaking essays and commentaries on the ways that recent findings in psychology and neuroscience illuminate virtue and character and related issues in philosophy.Philosophers have discussed virtue and character since Socrates, but many traditional views have been challenged by recent findings in psychology and neuroscience. This fifth volume of Moral Psychology grows out of this new wave of interdisciplinary work on virtue, vice, and character. It offers essays, commentaries, and replies by leading philosophers and scientists who explain and use empirical findings from psychology and neuroscience to illuminate virtue and character and related issues in moral philosophy. The contributors discuss such topics as eliminativist and situationist challenges to character; investigate the conceptual and empirical foundations of self-control, honesty, humility, and compassion; and consider whether the virtues contribute to well-being.ContributorsKarl Aquino, Jason Baehr, C. Daniel Batson, Lorraine L. Besser, C. Daryl Cameron, Tanya L. Chartrand, M. J. Crockett, Bella DePaulo, Korrina A. Duffy, William Fleeson, Andrea L. Glenn, Charles Goodman, Geoffrey P. Goodwin, George Graham, June Gruber, Thomas Hurka, Eranda Jayawickreme, Andreas Kappes, Kristjan Kristjansson, Daniel Lapsley, Neil Levy, E.J. Masicampo, Joshua May, Christian B. Miller, M. A. Montgomery, Thomas Nadelhoffer, Eddy Nahmias, Hanna Pickard, Katie Rapier, Raul Saucedo, Shannon W. Schrader, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Nancy E. Snow, Gopal Sreenivasan, Chandra Sripada, June P. Tangney, Valerie Tiberius, Simine Vazire, Jennifer Cole Wright
    Note: "A Bradford Book." , Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- References -- 1 Getting Cynical about Character: A Social-Psychological Perspective -- A Social-Psychological Perspective -- Two Ways of Internalizing Moral Standards -- Focusing on the Nature of Moral Motivation -- Moral Hypocrisy: A Subtle Form of Instrumental Moral Motivation -- Testing the Nature of Moral Motivation -- The Role of Self-Deception -- What about Moral Integrity? -- Why Is Moral Integrity Rare, Hypocrisy Common? -- In Sum -- References -- 1.1 Getting Less Cynical about Virtue -- Virtue without Moral Integrity? -- The Prevalence of Moral Integrity -- The Limits of Moral Hypocrisy -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 1.2 In Defense of (a Little) Moral Hypocrisy -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 1.3 Help Thou My Unbelief: A Reply to May and Aquino -- Lingering Doubts about the Prevalence and Power of Moral Integrity -- So What? -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Does Whole Trait Theory Work for the Virtues? -- Virtue Ethics as an Approach to Morality -- Possessing Some Virtue Is Still Virtuous -- The "Psychological" Challenge to Virtue Ethics -- Personality States and Personality Traits: The Promise of Whole Trait Theory -- Applying Whole Trait Theory to the Virtues -- Contra Whole Trait Theory: Doris's Critique of Aggregation -- Whole Trait Theory as a Framework for Cross-Disciplinary Fertilization -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 2.1 Virtue Traits and Personality Traits -- Notes -- References -- 2.2 Personality Is Not Destiny, but It's Still Real -- Why Does Probabilistic Prediction Still Matter a Lot, Even Though It Is Fallible? -- Personality Traits Are among the Best Tools We Have to Predict Behavior -- What Does This Mean for Moral Psychology? -- Unanswered Questions -- Conclusion -- References. , 2.3 Whole Trait Theory Can Explain Virtues -- Can Whole Trait Theory Help Explain Virtues? -- Personality, Destiny, and Virtues: Are Virtues Traits? -- Methodology and Philosophy and the Future -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Character Education and the Rearguard of Situationism -- 1. The Rearguard Critique -- 2. Two Models of Character Education -- 3. My First Reply -- 4. Crossing the Empirical Street -- 5. Another Path to Practical Relevance -- 6. Help from a Surprising Corner -- 7. My Second Reply -- 8. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 3.1 Virtue, the Right, and the Good: Comment on Sreenivasan -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3.2 Situationism and the Pyrrhic Defense of Character Education: Commentary on Sreenivasan -- Order of Battle -- After Action Assessment -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3.3 Battlefields and Bogeymen: A Reply to Hurka and Lapsley -- Notes -- References -- 4 Of Marshmallows and Moderation -- Willpower -- Exercising Self-Control: Direct and Indirect Strategies -- Drawing Some Lessons -- Notes -- References -- 4.1 Willpower as "Won't"-power and the Challenges of Measuring Trait Self-Control -- Willpower May Be Difficult to Self-Report -- Willpower as "Won't"-power -- Conclusion -- References -- 4.2 Self-Control and Character -- Argument from the Folk -- Argument from Strategies and Skills -- Conclusion -- 4.3 Trading in the Trait? Response to Masicampo and Sripada -- Note -- Reference -- 5 Honesty -- Framing the Virtue of Honesty -- Classifying People's Characters When It Comes to Matters of Honesty -- Some Empirical Data -- Putting the Pieces Together -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 5.1 Honesty's Threshold -- The Conceptual Core of Honesty -- The Threshold of Honesty -- The Empirical Evidence -- What Unifies "Mixed Traits"? -- Acknowledgments -- Notes. , 5.2 The Gift of Dishonesty -- References -- 5.3 Honesty Revisited: More Conceptual and Empirical Reflections -- The Conceptual Account -- The Thresholds of Honesty -- The Empirical Evidence -- Some Additional Studies -- A Word on Mixed Traits -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 6 The Twin Dimensions of the Virtue of Humility: Low Self-Focus and High Other-Focus -- The Philosophy of Humility -- The Psychology of Humility -- Our Own Positive Account of Humility -- Understanding Humility -- Humility as a Foundational Virtue? -- Notes -- Appendix -- References -- 6.1 Assessing Humility Is a Humbling Experience: Commentary on Nadelhoffer and Wright -- Definition of Humility -- Boundaries of the Construct of Humility -- Caution in Interpreting Results from Conceptually Inconsistent Measures -- What Is Known about the Causes, Correlates, and Consequences of Humility? -- Nadelhoffer and Wright's Humility Scale -- Current Perspectives and Future Directions in Humility Research -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6.2 The Nature of Humility: A Critical Perspective on Nadelhoffer and Wright -- A Novel Conception of Humility -- Humility as a Gateway or Foundational Virtue -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 6.3 Response to Schrader & -- Tangney and Snow Commentaries -- Overlapping Concerns-Snow and Schrader & -- Tangney -- Other Concerns-Schrader & -- Tangney -- Other Concerns-Snow -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 7 Compassion Is a Motivated Choice -- What Is Compassion? -- Does Compassion Have a Dark Side? -- The First Limit: Innumeracy -- The Second Limit: Parochialism -- The Third Limit: Moral Interference -- Understanding Individual Differences in Compassion -- Choosing Compassion -- Should We Choose Compassion? -- Acknowledgments -- References. , 7.1 Compassion Is Not Always a Motivated Choice: A Multiple Decision Systems Perspective -- References -- 7.2 Varieties of Compassion in Buddhist Philosophy: Comments on Cameron and Rapier -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 7.3 Response to Comments -- What Is "Choice"? Reply to Montgomery, Kappes, and Crockett -- Choices Can Be Sensitive to More than Just Consequences of Compassionate Action -- What Is "Compassion"? Reply to Goodman -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 From Mimicry to Morality: The Role of Prosociality -- Types of Mimicry -- Mimicry Facilitates Prosocial Emotions -- Mimicry Facilitates Prosocial Cognition -- Mimicry Facilitates Affective and Cognitive Empathy -- Mimicry Facilitates Prosocial Behavior -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8.1 Prosociality Is Not Morality -- Acknowledgments -- Note -- References -- 8.2 The Dark Side of Mimicry: Comments on Duffy and Chartrand -- How to Win Friends and Influence People -- Shadowy Influences -- Non-normative "Morality"? -- Notes -- References -- 8.3 Reply to Goodwin and Nahmias -- Prosociality Is Not Sociability -- Mimicry Can Facilitate Antisocial Motives -- Mimicry May Exacerbate Underlying Biases -- Mimicry of Immoral Others Does Not Increase Liking -- Prosocial Orientation Facilitates Mimicry -- Future Directions -- References -- 9 Personality Disorders and Character -- Psychopathy and Morality -- Psychopathy and Responsibility -- Treatment of Psychopathy -- Conclusions -- Note -- References -- 9.1 Sympathy, Identity, and the Psychology of Psychopathy and Moral Atrocities -- Immoral Actions in Individuals with Psychopathic Traits -- Large-Scale Moral Atrocities -- Psycho-socio-economic Adversity -- Anti-Essentialism about Negative Character Traits -- The Caricature of The Psychopath -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References. , 9.2 Psychopathy, Explanatory Pluralism, and Moral Responsibility -- Explanatory Pluralism -- Moral Responsibility -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 9.3 Circumstances and Responsibility in Psychopathy: Replies to Pickard and Graham -- Reply to Hanna Pickard -- Reply to George Graham -- References -- 10 Does Virtue Make Us Happy? A New Theory for an Old Question -- Constructivism and Well-Being -- Virtues and Values -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 10.1 Who Does What? The Psychology-Philosophy Division of Labor on Virtue and Happiness -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 10.2 A Tale of Two Default Approaches: Some Old Answers for a New Theory -- A Shifting Default Approach on Well-Being -- The Real Sticking Point: The Default Approach of Motivational Internalism -- Notes -- References -- 10.3 On the Division of Labor between Philosophers and Psychologists: A "Goldilocksian" Reply to Comments from Saucedo & -- Gruber -- Reply to Saucedo & -- Gruber -- Reply to Kristjánsson -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- Contributors -- Index.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9780262035576
    Additional Edition: ISBN 026203557X
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9780262533188
    Additional Edition: ISBN 0262533189
    Language: English
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