UID:
almafu_9961089890202883
Umfang:
1 online resource (147 pages)
ISBN:
9780323511346
,
0323511341
,
9780323511339
,
0323511333
Anmerkung:
Front Cover -- Recycling of Polyurethane Foams -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- 1 Introduction to Polymer and Their Recycling Techniques -- 1.1 Introduction of Plastics and Their Classification -- 1.2 Classification of Polymers -- 1.3 Recycling of Thermoplastics Is Possible but not With Thermosets. Why? -- 1.4 Polymerization Reactions -- 1.5 Economic and Environmental Impact of Plastic Waste -- 1.6 Economic Issues Relating to Recycling -- 1.7 Various Thermoplastics and Their Applications -- 1.7.1 Polyolefins -- 1.7.2 Vinyl Polymers -- 1.7.3 Polystyrenes -- 1.7.4 Acrylate and Methacrylate Polymers -- 1.7.5 Polyamide (i.e., Nylons) -- 1.7.6 Polycarbonates -- 1.7.7 Celluloid -- 1.7.8 Linear Polyester -- 1.7.9 Polyfluorethane -- 1.7.10 Polyacetals -- 1.7.11 Polysulfones -- 1.7.12 Polyphenylene Sulfide -- 1.7.13 Modified Polyphenylene Oxide (PPO) -- 1.8 Various Thermosetting Plastics -- 1.8.1 Unsaturated Polyester -- 1.8.2 Phenol Formaldehyde Resins -- 1.8.3 Melamine Resins -- 1.8.4 Polyepoxides -- 1.8.5 Polyimide -- 1.8.6 Polyurethane -- 1.8.7 Polyorganosiloxanes -- 1.9 Systems for Plastic Recycling -- 1.10 Recycling of Thermoplastics -- 1.10.1 Size Reduction and Cleaning -- 1.10.2 Further Separation -- 1.10.3 Processing/Remelting to Make Products -- 1.11 PET Bottle/Container Recycling Process -- 1.12 PU Recycling Processes -- 1.12.1 Mechanical Recycling -- 1.12.2 Chemical Recycling -- 1.13 Recycling of Thermoset Plastics -- 1.14 Recycling and Reuse of Elastomeric Materials -- 1.14.1 Incineration -- 1.14.2 Pyrolysis -- 1.14.3 Grinding of Vulcanized Rubber Waste -- 1.14.4 Devulcanization -- 1.14.5 Applications of Waste Rubber -- 1.15 Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Plastic Recycling -- 1.16 Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- 2 Polyurethane Foam Chemistry -- 2.1 History -- 2.2 Raw Materials.
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2.3 Isocyanates -- 2.4 Polyols -- 2.5 PU Foams -- 2.5.1 Flexible Slabstock -- 2.5.2 Flexible Cold Cure Molding -- 2.5.3 Rigid Foams -- 2.5.4 Microcellular or Footwear Foams -- 2.5.5 Elastomeric Applications -- 2.6 Blowing Agents -- 2.6.1 Physical Blowing Agents -- 2.6.2 Chemical Blowing Agents -- 2.6.3 Mixed Physical/Chemical Blowing Agents -- 2.7 Manufacturing of PU Foams -- 2.7.1 Slabstock Method -- 2.7.2 Molding Method -- 2.8 Properties of PU Foams -- 2.8.1 Foam Is a Good Air Sealant -- 2.8.2 Closed-Cell Foam Has Very High Resistance Toward Water Vapor Permeation -- 2.8.3 Closed-Cell Foam Resists Damages From Short-Term Wet Conditions -- 2.8.4 Binding Strength of Foam -- 2.8.5 Structural Advantages of Foams -- 2.9 Thermal Conductivity -- 2.9.1 Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Resistance of Insulating Materials -- 2.9.2 Thermal Conductivity of Rigid PU Foam (PUR/PIR) -- 2.10 The R-Value of PU Foam Is Higher Than Other Types of Insulations -- 2.11 Mechanical Properties of PU Foams -- 2.11.1 Density -- 2.11.2 Compressive strength σ·m -- 2.11.3 Continuous Compressive Stress σ c (Compressive Creep) -- 2.11.4 Tensile Strength Perpendicular to Faces σmt, Shear Strength, and Bending Strength σb -- 2.11.5 Flammability of PU Foams -- 2.11.6 PU Foam Manufacturers in India -- 2.12 Conclusion -- 2.12.1 Mechanical Recycling -- 2.12.2 Chemical Recycling -- References -- 3 Degradability of Polymers -- 3.1 Thermal Degradation -- 3.1.1 Initiation -- 3.1.2 Propagation -- 3.1.3 Termination -- 3.2 Chemical Degradation -- 3.2.1 Hydrolysis -- 3.2.2 Alcoholysis -- 3.2.3 Acidolysis Process -- 3.2.4 Glycolysis Process -- 3.2.5 Aminolysis -- 3.3 Mechanical Degradation -- 3.3.1 Regrinding -- 3.3.2 Adhesive Pressing -- 3.3.3 Compression Molding -- 3.3.4 Injection Molding -- 3.4 Photodegradation -- 3.5 Biodegradation -- 3.5.1 High-energy radiation degradation.
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3.5.2 Ultrasonic Wave Degradation -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- 4 Introduction to Mechanical Recycling and Chemical Depolymerization -- 4.1 Mechanical Depolymerization -- 4.2 Chemical Depolymerization -- 4.3 Summary -- References -- 5 Mechanical Recycling via Regrinding, Rebonding, Adhesive Pressing, and Molding -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Mechanical Recycling of PU Foams -- 5.2.1 Grinding and Powdering -- 5.2.2 Rebonding -- 5.2.3 Adhesive Pressing -- 5.2.4 Compression Molding, Injection Molding, and Extrusion -- 5.3 Summary -- References -- 6 Chemical Depolymerization of Polyurethane Foams via Glycolysis and Hydrolysis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Glycolysis of Rigid and Flexible PU Foams -- 6.2.1 Double Recovery Method -- 6.2.2 Microwave-Assisted Techniques -- 6.3 Glycolysis Technology -- 6.3.1 Analytical Techniques -- 6.4 Applications -- 6.5 Comparison of Glycolysis With Hydrolysis -- 6.5.1 Hydrolysis -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Chemical Depolymerization of Polyurethane Foam via Ammonolysis and Aminolysis -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Aminolysis of PU Foam -- 7.3 Ammonolysis of PU Foam -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Chemical Depolymerization of Polyurethane Foams via Combined Chemolysis Methods -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Physical Recycling -- 8.1.2 Chemolysis of PU Foam -- 8.1.2.1 Hydrolysis of PU Foam -- 8.1.2.2 Alcoholysis of PU Foam -- 8.1.2.3 Acidolysis of PU Foam -- 8.1.2.4 Aminolysis of PU Foam -- 8.1.2.5 Glycolysis of PU Foam -- 8.2 Combined Chemolysis of PU Foam -- 8.2.1 Hydroglycolysis -- 8.2.1.1 Mechanism for Hydroglycolysis Reaction -- 8.2.2 Glycolysis-Aminolysis -- 8.2.3 Aminolysis-Hydrolysis -- 8.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Combined Chemolysis -- 8.4 Combined Chemolysis in Comparison to Other Recycling Methods of PU Foams -- 8.4.1 Physical Recycling -- 8.4.1.1 Regrind or Powdering.
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8.4.1.2 Adhesive Pressing/Particle Bonding -- 8.4.1.3 Pyrolysis -- 8.4.2 Chemical Recycling -- 8.4.2.1 Glycolysis -- 8.4.2.2 Methanolysis -- 8.4.2.3 Aminolysis -- 8.4.2.4 Hydrolysis -- 8.4.3 Combined Chemolysis -- 8.5 Comparison Between Combined Chemolysis and Conventional Chemolysis -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- 9 Life Cycle Analysis of Polyurethane Foam Wastes -- 9.1 Introduction-Theoretical Background -- 9.1.1 Life Cycle Assessment-Introduction -- 9.1.2 Procedural Steps of LCA -- 9.1.3 Use of LCA in Business and Policy-Making -- 9.1.4 Resources Inside of the EU to Help With LCA -- 9.2 LCA of Polyurethane Foam-Previous Studies -- 9.2.1 Comparative Assessment of LCA Scope Definition of Previous Studies -- 9.2.2 Comparative Assessment of LCI of Previous Studies -- 9.3 LCIA and Interpretation of Results of Previous LCA Studies -- 9.3.1 Environmental Impact Breakdown of PU Production Processes -- 9.3.2 Improvement of Environmental Performance of PU Production -- 9.4 Environmental Assessment of PU Recycling Routes -- 9.4.1 LCA of PU Recycling Routes -- 9.4.2 Conditions for Environmental Payback of PU Recycling -- References -- 10 Construction Applications of Polyurethane Foam Wastes -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 PU Foam Wastes -- 10.2.1 Recycled Lightweight PU Plaster Materials -- 10.2.2 Recycled Lightweight PU Mortar Materials -- 10.2.3 Recycled Lightweight PU Asphalt Materials -- 10.3 Eco-Friendly PU Coatings -- 10.4 Eco-Friendly PU Adhesives -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.
Sprache:
Englisch
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