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Umfang: 1 online resource (444 pages)

ISBN: 9780323853446 , 0323853447

Inhalt: Biochar in Agriculture for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals introduces the state-of-the-art of biochar for agricultural applications to actualize sustainable development goals and highlight current challenges and the way forward. The book focuses on scientific knowledge and biochar technologies for agricultural soil improvement and plant growth. Sections provide state-of-the-art knowledge on biochar production and characterization, focus on biochar for agricultural application and soil improvement, discuss the roles of biochar for environmental improvement in farmland to relieve water and waste management as well as climate change, highlight biochar used for boosting bioeconomy and clean energy, and discuss future prospects. This book will be important to agricultural engineers and researchers as well as those seeking to improve overall soil and environmental conditions through the use of biochar.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Biochar in Agriculture for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- I. Introduction -- 1 Agricultural waste-derived biochar for environmental management -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Biochar production and properties -- 1.2.1 Production of biochar -- 1.2.2 Biochar engineering -- 1.2.3 Biochar properties -- 1.3 Biochar for environmental management -- 1.3.1 Soil management -- 1.3.2 Air pollution control -- 1.3.3 Waste management -- 1.3.4 Water purification -- 1.3.5 Energy production -- 1.4 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Biochar and sustainable development goals -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Biochar material -- 2.2.1 Production of biochar -- 2.2.2 Biochar properties -- 2.2.3 Biochar modification and functionalization -- 2.3 Sustainable soil management by biochar -- 2.3.1 Soil quality improvement -- 2.3.2 Contaminants immobilization -- 2.3.3 Carbon sequestration -- 2.4 Prospect and future recommendations -- 2.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- Reference -- II. Biochar Production and Tunable Properties -- 3 Biochar and its potential to increase water, trace element, and nutrient retention in soils -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Biochar application into degraded soil -- 3.2.1 Effects on selected physical properties -- 3.2.1.1 Bulk density and porosity -- 3.2.1.2 Water retention -- 3.2.1.3 Saturated hydraulic conductivity -- 3.2.2 Effect on selected chemical properties -- 3.2.2.1 Physicochemical characteristics of soil -- 3.2.2.2 Nutrient and trace element stabilization -- 3.3 Conclusions and future directions to applying biochars in degraded soils -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 4 Biochar for carbon sequestration and environmental remediation in soil -- 4.1 Biochar for carbon sequestration in soil. , 4.1.1 Effect of pyrolysis conditions on the C retention of biochar -- 4.1.2 Carbon sequestration effect of biochar after addition to soil -- 4.2 Biochar for environmental remediation in soil -- 4.2.1 Remediation effect of biochar on heavy metals and metalloid-contaminated soil -- 4.2.2 Mechanisms of biochar on remediation of heavy metals and metalloid-contaminated soil -- 4.2.2.1 Electrostatic attraction -- 4.2.2.2 Ion exchange -- 4.2.2.3 Oxidation and reduction -- 4.2.2.4 Surface complexation -- 4.2.2.5 Precipitation -- 4.3 Conclusion and future perspectives -- References -- 5 Hydrochar and activated carbon materials from P- and N-rich biomass waste for environmental remediation and bioenergy app... -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 P- and N-rich biomass waste -- 5.2.1 Biomass waste valorization and (re)use -- 5.2.2 Why is the need to utilize P- and N-rich biomass waste? -- 5.3 Approaches and techniques to treat P- and N-rich biomass waste -- 5.3.1 Preparation of hydrochar and activated carbon materials -- 5.3.1.1 Conventional and microwave-assisted hydrothermal conversion -- 5.3.1.2 Conventional and microwave-assisted pyrolysis -- 5.3.2 Influencing factors on hydrochar and activated carbon materials preparation -- 5.4 Characterization of hydrochar and activated carbon materials -- 5.4.1 Phosphorus functional groups -- 5.4.1.1 Hedley's method -- 5.4.1.2 Standards, measurements, and testing protocol -- 5.4.1.3 P X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis -- 5.4.1.4 Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis -- 5.4.2 Nitrogen functional groups -- 5.5 Environmental application of hydrochar and activated carbon materials -- 5.5.1 Water treatment -- 5.5.2 Soil remediation -- 5.5.3 Soil amendment agents -- 5.5.4 Solid biofuels -- 5.6 Economic feasibility and environmental impact of hydrochar and activated carbon materials. , 5.7 Conclusions and future prospects -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 The remediation potential of biochar derived from different biomass for typical pollution in agricultural soil -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Remediation of soil organic pollutants by the application of biochar -- 6.2.1 Sources of farmland soil organic pollutants -- 6.2.1.1 Sewage irrigation -- 6.2.1.2 Exhaust emissions -- 6.2.1.3 Application of fertilizers and pesticides -- 6.2.1.4 Solid pollution -- 6.2.2 Comparison of the sorption effect of different types of biochar -- 6.2.3 The mechanism of biochar removal of organic pollutions -- 6.3 Remediation of heavy metal pollution by the application of biochar -- 6.3.1 Soil contamination from different sources of heavy metals -- 6.3.1.1 Fertilizer and pesticide -- 6.3.1.2 Sewage irrigation -- 6.3.1.3 Atmospheric deposition -- 6.3.2 Remediation of heavy metals contamination in soil by biochar -- 6.3.2.1 The influence of pH value on the remediation effect -- 6.3.2.2 Influence of pore structure -- 6.3.2.3 The influence of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of biochar -- 6.3.2.4 Other influencing factors -- 6.3.3 Adsorption mechanism -- 6.3.3.1 Surface precipitation -- 6.3.3.2 Surface coordination -- 6.3.3.3 Ion exchange -- 6.3.3.4 Redox -- 6.3.3.5 Cation-π bond interaction -- 6.3.3.6 Physical adsorption -- 6.4 The impact of biochar application on greenhouse gas emission reduction in soil -- 6.4.1 Factors affecting greenhouse emissions -- 6.4.2 Comparison of the emission reduction effects of biochar from different feedstocks -- 6.5 The effect of biochar application on soil microorganisms -- 6.5.1 The effect of biochar on soil microbial biomass -- 6.5.2 Comparison of community structure changes -- 6.5.3 Comparison of soil enzyme activity changes -- 6.6 Conclusion and future outlook -- References. , 7 Biochar production from lignocellulosic and nonlignocellulosic biomass using conventional and microwave heating -- 7.1 Pyrolysis for biochar production -- 7.2 Heating method for pyrolysis -- 7.2.1 Conventional pyrolysis -- 7.2.2 Microwave-assisted pyrolysis -- 7.2.2.1 Operating frequency and power -- 7.2.2.2 Dielectric properties of biomass -- 7.2.2.3 Advances in microwave-assisted pyrolysis -- 7.3 Conventional versus microwave-assisted pyrolysis -- 7.3.1 Comparison between biochar properties -- 7.3.2 Comparison between operating parameters -- 7.4 Conclusions and future prospects -- References -- 8 Biochar soil application: soil improvement and pollution remediation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Biochar production technologies -- 8.3 Soil quality improvement -- 8.4 Soil pollution remediation -- 8.5 Economics of biochar production for soil enhancement -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- III. Biochar for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Production -- 9 Biochar for clean composting and organic fertilizer production -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The role of biochar on physical properties of cleaner composting -- 9.2.1 Moisture content -- 9.2.2 Aeration condition -- 9.3 The role of biochar on chemical properties of cleaner composting -- 9.3.1 Retention of nitrogen and reduction of ammonia gas emission -- 9.3.2 Reduction of greenhouse gas and prevention of odor gas -- 9.3.3 Promotion of passivating heavy metals during the composting process -- 9.3.4 The improvement of humification -- 9.3.5 Decomposition of organic contaminants in the course of composting process -- 9.4 The role of biochar on biological properties of cleaner composting -- 9.4.1 Enzyme -- 9.4.2 Abundance of microbial activity -- 9.5 Application and prospect of biochar in organic fertilizer production -- 9.6 Future prospective -- 9.7 Conclusion -- References. , 10 Mineral-enriched biochar fertilizer for sustainable crop production and soil quality improvement -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Role of biochar in crop production -- 10.3 Biochar organo-mineral interaction in soil -- 10.4 Mineral-enriched biochar fertilizer -- 10.4.1 Synthesis and characterization -- 10.4.2 Physicochemical properties of biochar-mineral composite -- 10.4.3 Effect on soil physicobiochemical properties -- 10.4.4 Effect on crop productivity and yield -- 10.5 Future perspectives -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Effects of biochar on the environmental behavior of pesticides -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Effect of biochar on pesticide sorption -- 11.2.1 Sorption mechanisms -- 11.2.2 Effects of pesticides properties on adsorption -- 11.2.3 Environmental parameters -- 11.3 Effect of biochar on pesticide transformation -- 11.3.1 Hydrolysis -- 11.3.2 Catalytic oxidation -- 11.3.3 Photolysis -- 11.3.4 Biodegradation -- 11.4 Effect of biochar on bioavailability of soil animals and plants -- 11.4.1 Bioaccumulation by soil animals -- 11.4.2 Bioaccumulation by plants -- 11.5 Conclusions and future prospective -- References -- 12 Biochar nanoparticles: interactions with and impacts on soil and water microorganisms -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Generation of biochar nanoparticles -- 12.2.1 Biochar properties -- 12.2.1.1 Biomass -- 12.2.1.2 Pyrolysis -- 12.2.1.3 Fate and transport of BCNPs -- 12.2.2 Biochar nanoparticles in the environment -- 12.2.2.1 Soil amendment -- 12.2.2.2 Biochar nanoparticles and contaminant interactions -- 12.2.2.2.1 Pharmaceuticals -- 12.2.2.2.2 Metals and metalloids -- 12.2.2.2.3 Organic pollutants -- 12.3 Interaction of microorganisms with BCNPs during remediation processes -- 12.3.1 Surface interactions between BCNPs and microbes -- 12.3.2 Influence of BCNPs on microbial carbon and nutrient cycling. , 12.3.3 Toxicity of BCNPs toward microorganisms.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Tsang, Daniel C. W. Biochar in Agriculture for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology,c2022 ISBN 9780323853439

Sprache: Englisch