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Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 312 Seiten) , Illustrationen

ISBN: 9780429265365

Serie: Routledge frontiers of criminal justice

Inhalt: "This edited text draws together the insights of numerous worldwide eminent academics to evaluate the condition of predictive policing and artificial intelligence (AI) as interlocked policy areas. Predictive and AI technologies are growing in prominence and at an unprecedented rate. Powerful digital crime mapping programmes are being used to identify crime hotspots in real-time, as pattern-matching and search algorithms are sorting through huge police databases filled with growing volumes of data in an effort to identify high-risk people, intelligence and evidence. Facial and vehicle recognition cameras are locating criminals as they move, while police services develop strategies informed by machine learning programmes and other kinds of predictive analytics. Many of these innovations are features of modern policing in the U.K, the U.S and Australia, among other jurisdictions. AI, in particular, promises to reduce unnecessary labour, speed up various forms of police work, encourage police organisations to more efficiently apportion their resources, and enable police officers to prevent crime and protect people from a variety of future harms. However, the promises of predictive and AI technologies and innovations do not always match reality. They often have significant weaknesses, come at a considerable cost and require challenging trade-offs to be made. Focusing on the U.K, the U.S. and Australia, this book explores themes of choice architecture, decision making, human rights, accountability and the rule of law, as well as future uses of AI and predictive technologies in various policing contexts. The text contributes to ongoing debates on the benefits and biases of predictive algorithms, big data sets, machine learning systems and broader policing strategies. Written in a clear and direct style, this book will appeal to students and scholars of policing, criminology, crime science, sociology, computer science, cognitive psychology and all those interested in the emergence of AI as a feature of contemporary policing"--

Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780367210984

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Predictive policing and artificial intelligence London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2021 ISBN 9780367210984

Sprache: Englisch

Fachgebiete: Rechtswissenschaft

Schlagwort(e): Polizei ; Kriminalität ; Bekämpfung ; Künstliche Intelligenz ; Aufsatzsammlung

DOI: 10.4324/9780429265365

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: lizenzpflichtig

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (1 volume) : , illustrations (black and white)

ISBN: 9780429265365 , 0429265360 , 9780429560385 , 0429560389 , 9780429555916 , 0429555911 , 9780429564857 , 0429564856

Serie: Routledge frontiers of criminal justice

Inhalt: "This edited text draws together the insights of numerous worldwide eminent academics to evaluate the condition of predictive policing and artificial intelligence (AI) as interlocked policy areas. Predictive and AI technologies are growing in prominence and at an unprecedented rate. Powerful digital crime mapping programmes are being used to identify crime hotspots in real-time, as pattern-matching and search algorithms are sorting through huge police databases filled with growing volumes of data in an effort to identify high-risk people, intelligence and evidence. Facial and vehicle recognition cameras are locating criminals as they move, while police services develop strategies informed by machine learning programmes and other kinds of predictive analytics. Many of these innovations are features of modern policing in the U.K, the U.S and Australia, among other jurisdictions. AI, in particular, promises to reduce unnecessary labour, speed up various forms of police work, encourage police organisations to more efficiently apportion their resources, and enable police officers to prevent crime and protect people from a variety of future harms. However, the promises of predictive and AI technologies and innovations do not always match reality. They often have significant weaknesses, come at a considerable cost and require challenging trade-offs to be made. Focusing on the U.K, the U.S. and Australia, this book explores themes of choice architecture, decision making, human rights, accountability and the rule of law, as well as future uses of AI and predictive technologies in various policing contexts. The text contributes to ongoing debates on the benefits and biases of predictive algorithms, big data sets, machine learning systems and broader policing strategies. Written in a clear and direct style, this book will appeal to students and scholars of policing, criminology, crime science, sociology, computer science, cognitive psychology and all those interested in the emergence of AI as a feature of contemporary policing"--

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Predictive policing and artificial intelligence. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021 ISBN 9780367210984

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books.

DOI: 10.4324/9780429265365

URL: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429265365

UID:

Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (331 Seiten)

ISBN: 9780429560385

Serie: Routledge Frontiers of Criminal Justice Ser

Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources , Cover -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- Illustrations -- Foreword -- Contributors -- Introduction -- Two extremes -- A challenging environment for police forces -- What is predictive policing? -- The 'predictive' part -- Environmental criminology and crime science -- Artificial intelligence -- The 'policing' part -- AI in policing -- Structure of book -- Part I: Bias and big data -- Part II: Police accountability and human rights -- References -- Part I Bias and Big Data -- Chapter 1 The future of AI in policing: Exploring the sociotechnical imaginaries -- Introduction -- 1. Sociotechnical imaginaries -- 2. The benefits and risks of AI for society -- Definition of AI -- The benefits of AI -- The risks of AI -- Technical limitations -- Data-driven biases -- Trust -- 3. Using AI in policing -- A utopian view -- A social science view -- Assumptions -- Evaluation -- Accountability -- A data science view -- A civil rights community view -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Predictive policing through risk assessment -- Introduction -- Projected benefits of predictive policing with individual risk -- Examples of predictive policing tools with individual risk -- Contentious issues with individual risk prediction -- Entry points for biases in predictive policing algorithms -- Label bias -- Feature selection -- Sample bias -- Feedback loop -- Future prospects for predictive policing -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Policing, AI and choice architecture -- Introduction -- The ubiquity of choice architecture -- Policing and choice architecture -- AI and choice architecture -- AI as a product of choice architects -- AI technologies as choice architects -- Choice architects within police organisations -- Conclusion -- References , Chapter 4 What big data in health care can teach us about predictive policing -- Introduction -- Part I -- Predictive analytics in policing and health care -- Predictive policing -- Health care -- Part II -- The professions in dialogue -- Practitioners -- Role disruption -- Automation bias and discretion -- Policymakers -- The duty of explanation -- Transparency and trade secrets -- Scarcity and the inevitability of distributional choices -- The polity -- Bias and equality -- Privacy -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Artificial intelligence and online extremism: Challenges and opportunities -- Introduction -- An overview of existing approaches -- Analysis -- Detection -- Prediction -- Challenges -- Defining radicalisation -- Data collection, verification and publication -- Noisy data (false positives) -- Biases -- Incompleteness -- Heterogeneity (variety of content) -- Irreproducibility -- Research methodologies -- Lack of comparison against a control group -- Lack of comparison across approaches -- Lack of cooperation across research fields -- Adaptation of extremist groups -- Ethics and conflicts in legislation -- Opportunities -- Collaboration across research disciplines and organisations -- Creation of reliable datasets to study radicalisation -- Comparative studies -- Contextual adaptation of technological solutions -- Better integration of humans and technology -- Ethical vigilance -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Predictive policing and criminal law -- Introduction -- Part I: Crime prevention and law enforcement -- A. Rational offenders and the expected benefits and costs of crime -- B. Punishment-focused deterrence -- C. Police-focused deterrence -- D. Long-term and short-term deterrence -- E. Real-time policing and enforcing the criminal law -- Part II: Machine predictions and policing , A. Machine learning: a brief overview -- B. Place-based predictions -- C. Person-based predictive policing -- D. Real-time situational awareness technologies -- Part III: Real-time policing and crime prevention -- A. Inchoate and corollary crimes -- B. Precommitment and credible law enforcement policies -- C. Real-time policing, salient signals and deterrence -- Myopic offenders -- Self-control problems and time-inconsistent misconduct -- Perceptual deterrence and 'erroneous crimes' -- Learning from crime and serial offenders -- D. Real-time intervention -- The projection bias and hot-state crimes -- Risky crimes -- Part IV: The social costs of relying on machine predictions in policing -- A. Fairness and accuracy -- B. Machine predictions and indirect, non-transparent deterrence -- C. Switching to more serious crimes under a proactive predictive policing regime -- D. Machine predictions and police judgements -- E. The costs of proactive deterrence policies -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II Police accountability and human rights -- Chapter 7 Accountability and indeterminacy in predictive policing -- Introduction -- Police, accountability, transparency and reform -- Three accountabilities -- Algorithmic indeterminacy -- Towards a police accountability frame for the age of AI -- References -- Chapter 8 Machine learning predictive algorithms and the policing of future crimes: Governance and oversight -- Introduction -- Functions of the police in England and Wales under the common law -- 'Austerity AI' and the problem of prioritisation -- 'In accordance with law' -- Discretion in police decision-making -- Impact on rights -- Safeguards, governance and oversight -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 9 'Algorithmic impropriety' in UK policing contexts: A developing narrative? -- Introduction -- Algorithms in the UK public sector , The Gangs Matrix case study -- The West Midlands case study -- Legal points on algorithmic or predictive policing tools -- Data scope issues -- Process issues -- Issues of human rights impacts -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10 Big data policing: Governing the machines? -- Introduction -- The problem of governance -- The problem of privacy -- The problem of bias -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Decision-making: Using technology to enhance learning in police officers -- Introduction -- Artificial intelligence -- The demands of modern-day policing -- Training and upskilling the next generation of officers -- Contextualising learning -- Developing a personalised reflective learning environment for policing using technology -- Policing exemplar #1 -- Created immersive learning environments -- Policing exemplar #2 -- Responsive immersive learning environment: application of the decision-making framework -- Policing exemplar #3 -- Summary and future directions -- References -- Conclusion -- References -- Index

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe McDaniel, John Predictive Policing and Artificial Intelligence Milton : Taylor & Francis Group,c2021 ISBN 9780367210984

Sprache: Englisch

Fachgebiete: Rechtswissenschaft

Schlagwort(e): Polizei ; Kriminalität ; Bekämpfung ; Künstliche Intelligenz ; Aufsatzsammlung