Umfang:
Online-Ressource (X, 430p. 267 illus., 171 illus. in color, digital)
ISBN:
9780387683003
Serie:
Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library 41
Inhalt:
The book presents a wealth of material about the polar oceans, more specifically the ice-covered areas and peripheral seas. It provides a detailed history of the changing climate of the polar oceans as observed by satellite sensors in the last three decades. The satellite research data show spatial distributions of surface temperature, sea ice, albedo, chlorophyll concentration, clouds, ocean color and sea level pressure. The book discusses remote sensing techniques and algorithms used to transform digital data to geophysical parameters, to process and analyze the data, the limitations of these data and the enormous potential in the use of this data. The main goal of the book is the presentation of results from studies of the time evolution of polar surfaces as observed by satellite sensors and their relevance to the study of cryospheric and ocean processes and climate change. The book contains about 150 satellite images of surface parameters which reveal that from month to month and from one year to another the Earth is changing. Although the historical record of about three decades of continuous satellite observation is relatively short, these measurements have provided useful insights into the current state of the polar environment and have served as a powerful tool for studying the processes that govern the Earth's climate system. The advent of even more sophisticated technology, including international ventures like the Global Earth Observation System of all Systems (GEOSS), will speed the progress. The advances in understanding of the Earth's climate engine, including the crucial role played by the polar oceans, have been tremendous, and people look forward to being able to forecast effectively the state of the planet in the immediate and foreseeable future.
Anmerkung:
Includes bibliographical references and index
,
Sec2; Chapter 1; Background; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Early Perspective of the Polar Regions; 1.3 Development of Satellite Earth Observation Systems; 1.4 The Role of the Polar Regions in the Climate System; References; Chapter 2; Fundamental Characteristics of the Polar Oceans and Their Sea Ice Cover; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Polar Oceans; 2.2.1 Ocean Bathymetry, Circulation and Dynamic Topography; 2.2.1.1 The Arctic Ocean and Peripheral Seas; 2.2.1.2 The Southern Ocean; 2.2.2 Physical Properties; 2.2.2.1 The Arctic Ocean and Peripheral Seas; 2.2.2.2 The Southern Ocean
,
2.2.3 Chemical and Biological Properties of Polar Waters2.2.3.1 The Arctic and Peripheral Seas; 2.2.3.2 The Southern Ocean; 2.3 The Sea Ice Cover; 2.3.1 Thermodynamics of Ice Growth and Decay Processes; 2.3.2 Sea Ice Types; 2.3.2.1 New Ice; 2.3.2.2 Young and First Year Ice; 2.3.2.3 Second Year, Multiyear and Old Ice; 2.3.2.4 Meltponded Ice; 2.3.2.5 Deformed and Undeformed Ice; 2.3.2.6 Land-fast Ice; 2.3.3 Temperature, Salinity, Density and Conductivity; 2.3.4 Thickness of Ice and Snow Cover; 2.3.5 Dynamics, Ice Drift Characteristics and Pressure Ridges
,
2.3.6 Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Sea IceReferences; Chapter 3; Satellite Remote Sensing Techniques; 3.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum and Channel Selections; 3.2 Satellites and Sensors; 3.2.1 Sensor Types; 3.2.2 Passive Systems; 3.2.2.1 Visible Systems; Landsat, SPOT, and Quickbird; AVHRR; MODIS, GLI and MERIS; SeaWiFS; MISR; Infrared Sensors (THIR, AVHRR, ASTER, AASTR, MODIS, GLI, MERIS, AIRS); THIR; AVHRR, MODIS, GLI, MERIS; ASTER; ATSR, AATSR; AIRS; 3.2.2.2 Passive Microwave Sensors; ESMR; SMMR; SSM/I; AMSR-E; 3.2.3 Active Systems; 3.2.3.1 High Resolution Imaging Systems
,
Seasat/SARERS1/SAR and ERS2/SAR; NASDA/JERS1; Radarsat/SAR; ENVISAT/ASAR; ALOS PALSAR; TerraSAR; 3.2.3.2 Scatterometers and Altimeters; Scatterometers; Radar Altimeters; Laser Altimeters (ICESAT); 3.2.3.3 Interferometric and Polarimetric Systems; 3.2.4 Combined Systems; 3.2.4.1 Multisensor Systems; 3.2.4.2 Multiplatform and the A-Train; 3.2.4.3 Upcoming Systems; 3.3 Data Products and Sources; 3.4 Data Fusion and Data Assimilation; 3.5 Limitations and Future Needs; References; Chapter 4; Geophysical Parameters and Algorithms for High Latitude Applications; 4.1 Introduction
,
4.2 Radiative Characteristics of Surface Parameters4.2.1 Optical Properties of Liquid Water and Sea Ice; 4.2.2 Dielectric Properties and of Sea Water and Ice; 4.2.3 Emissivity and Backscatter; 4.3 Geophysical Parameters and Retrieval Techniques; 4.3.1 Cloud Cover and Binary Classification; 4.3.2 Albedo; 4.3.3 Wind Speed, Wave Heights and Dynamic Topography; 4.3.4 SST and SIT; 4.3.5 Plankton Concentration, PAR and Primary Productivity; 4.3.6 Sea Ice Concentration; 4.3.6.1 Northern Hemisphere; 4.3.6.2 Southern Hemisphere; 4.3.7 Sea Ice Thickness and Topography
,
4.3.8 Sea Ice Drift from Passive Microwave, Visible and SAR
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 9780387366289
Weitere Ausg.:
Buchausg. u.d.T. ISBN 9780387366289
Sprache:
Englisch
Fachgebiete:
Geographie
Schlagwort(e):
Polarmeer
;
Satellitenfernerkundung
DOI:
10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3
URL:
Volltext
(lizenzpflichtig)
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