Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (452 pages)

Ausgabe: Second edition.

ISBN: 9780443137914 , 0443137919

Inhalt: This book, 'Mixed Severity Fires: Nature's Phoenix,' delves into the ecological and environmental impacts of mixed- and high-severity fires across various ecosystems globally. Edited by Dominick A. DellaSala and Chad T. Hanson, the book explores the role of these fires in biodiversity, ecosystem resilience, and landscape heterogeneity. It examines historical and current fire regimes, the ecological benefits of megafires, and the interactions between fires and other ecological agents like bark beetles. The book also discusses the implications of fire management practices, including postfire logging, and the influence of anthropogenic climate change on fire patterns. Aimed at ecologists, conservationists, and land managers, it provides insights into adapting fire management strategies to sustain biodiversity and ecosystem health.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Mixed Severity Fires: Nature's Phoenix -- Mixed Severity Fires: Nature's Phoenix -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- WHY A SECOND EDITION? -- FIRE IN THE BACKCOUNTRY! -- FROM FIRE COEXISTENCE TO COMMAND-AND-CONTROL FIRE DISRUPTIONS -- FIRES' UNDER-APPRECIATED ROLE AS NATURE'S ARCHITECT -- WHAT WE COVER -- NEVER JUDGE A POSTFIRE LANDSCAPE BY THE INITIATING EVENT -- THE LONG-VIEW OF FIRE AND A NEW POST-FIRE FRAMEWORK -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- Acknowledgments -- I - Biodiversity of Mixed- and High-Severity Fires -- 1 - Setting the Stage for Mixed- and High-Severity Fire -- 1.1 EARLIER HYPOTHESES AND CURRENT RESEARCH -- Do Open and Park-like Structures Provide an Accurate Historical Baseline for Dry Forest Types in Western US Forests? -- Does Time Since Fire Influence Fire Severity? -- What is the Evidence for Mixed- and High-Severity Fire? -- Aerial Photos -- Historical Reports -- Direct Records and Reconstructions From Early Land Surveys -- Tree Ring Reconstructions of Stand Densities and Fire History -- Charcoal and Sediment Reconstructions -- Plant and Animal Fire Adaptations -- 1.2 ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE AND MIXED- AND HIGH-SEVERITY FIRE -- 1.3 MIXED- AND HIGH-SEVERITY FIRES INCREASES ARE EQUIVOCAL -- 1.4 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 2 - Ecosystem Benefits of Megafires -- 2.1 JUST WHAT ARE MEGAFIRES? -- 2.2 MEGAFIRES AS GLOBAL CHANGE AGENTS -- 2.3 MEGAFIRES, LARGE SEVERE FIRE PATCHES, AND COMPLEX EARLY SERAL FORESTS -- 2.4 HISTORICAL EVIDENCE OF MEGAFIRES -- Rocky Mountain Region -- Eastern Cascades and Southern Cascades -- Oregon Coast Range and Klamath Region -- Sierra Nevada -- Southwestern United States and Pacific Southwest -- Black Hills -- 2.5 MEGAFIRES AND LANDSCAPE HETEROGENEITY -- 2.6 ARE MEGAFIRES INCREASING? -- 2.7 LANGUAGE MATTERS -- 2.8 CONCLUSIONS. , Appendix 2.1 SOME FIRES OF HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE FROM RECORDS COMPILED BY THE NATIONAL INTERAGENCY FIRE CENTER (HTTP://WWW.NIFC.GOV/FI ... -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 3 - Using Bird Ecology to Learn About the Benefits of Severe Fire -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 INSIGHTS FROM BIRD STUDIES -- Time Since Fire -- Old-Growth Forests -- Postfire Vegetation Conditions -- Bird Species in Other Regions That Seem to Require Severe Fire (Lesson 3 Continued) -- 3.3 POSTFIRE MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS -- 3.4 FIRE RISK REDUCTION SHOULD BE FOCUSED ON HUMAN POPULATION CENTERS -- 3.5 FIRE SUPPRESSION SHOULD BE FOCUSED ON HUMAN COMMUNITIES -- 3.6 HIGH-SEVERITY FIRES BEGET MIXED-SEVERITY RESULTS -- 3.7 MITIGATE FIRE SEVERITY THROUGH THINNING ONLY WHERE ECOLOGICALLY APPROPRIATE -- 3.8 POSTFIRE "SALVAGE" LOGGING IN THE NAME OF RESTORATION OR REHABILITATION IS ALWAYS ECOLOGICALLY INAPPROPRIATE AND MISDIRECTED -- 3.9 WE CAN DO MORE HARM THAN GOOD TRYING TO "MIMIC" NATURE -- 3.10 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- 4 - Mammals and Mixed- and High-Severity Fire -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 BATS -- 4.3 SMALL MAMMALS -- Chaparral and Coastal Sage Scrub -- Forests and Woodlands -- Deserts -- Deer Mice -- 4.4 CARNIVORES -- Mesocarnivores and Large Cats -- Bears -- 4.5 UNGULATES -- 4.6 MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION RELEVANCE -- 4.7 CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX 4.1 THE NUMBER OF STUDIES BY TAXA SHOWING DIRECTIONAL RESPONSE (NEGATIVE, NEUTRAL, OR POSITIVE) TO SEVERE WILDFIRE ... -- REFERENCES -- II - Global Perspectives on Mixed- and High-Severity Fires -- 5 - Bark Beetles and High-Severity Fires in Rocky Mountain Subalpine Forests -- 5.1 FIRE, BEETLES, AND THEIR INTERACTIONS -- 5.2 HOW DO OUTBREAKS AFFECT SUBSEQUENT HIGH-SEVERITY FIRES? -- Methodological Considerations -- Lodgepole Pine Forests -- Spruce-Fir Forests. , Why the Apparent Conflict Between Modeling and Observational Results? -- 5.3 HOW DO HIGH-SEVERITY FIRES AFFECT SUBSEQUENT OUTBREAKS? -- Lodgepole Pine Forests -- Spruce-Fir Forests -- Nonbeetle Causes of Mortality -- 5.4 HOW ARE INTERACTING FIRES AND BARK BEETLES AFFECTING FOREST RESILIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE? -- 5.5 CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 6 - High-Severity Fire in Chaparral: Cognitive Dissonance in the Shrublands -- 6.1 CHAPARRAL AND THE FIRE SUPPRESSION PARADIGM -- 6.2 THE FACTS ABOUT CHAPARRAL FIRES: THEY BURN INTENSELY AND SEVERELY -- 6.3 FIRE MISCONCEPTIONS ARE PERVASIVE -- Confusing Fire Regimes -- Native American Burning -- Succession Rather Than Destruction -- Decadence, Productivity, and Old-Growth Chaparral -- Allelopathy -- Fire Suppression Myth -- Too Much Fire Degrades Chaparral -- Type Conversion and Prescribed Fire -- Combustible Resins and Hydrophobia -- 6.4 REDUCING COGNITIVE DISSONANCE -- Local Agency -- State Agency -- Media -- 6.5 PARADIGM CHANGE REVISITED -- 6.6 CONCLUSION: MAKING THE PARADIGM SHIFT -- REFERENCES -- 7 - Regional Case Studies: Southeast Australia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Europe, and Boreal Canada -- Case Study: The Ecology of Mixed-severity Fire in Mountain Ash Forests -- Outline placeholder -- 7.1 THE SETTING -- 7.2 MOUNTAIN ASH LIFE CYCLE -- 7.3 INFLUENCE OF STAND AGE ON FIRE SEVERITY -- 7.4 DISTRIBUTION OF OLD-GROWTH FORESTS -- 7.5 MIXED-SEVERITY FIRE AND FAUNA OF MOUNTAIN ASH FORESTS -- 7.6 FAUNA AND FIRE-AFFECTED HABITAT STRUCTURES -- 7.7 FAUNAL RESPONSE TO THE SPATIAL OUTCOMES OF FIRE -- 7.8 CONSERVATION CHALLENGES AND FUTURE FIRE -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- Case Study: The Importance of Mixed- and High-severity Fires in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Outline placeholder -- 7.9 THE BIG PICTURE -- 7.10 WHERE IS FIRE IMPORTANT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA?. , 7.11 WHAT ABOUT PEOPLE AND FIRE? -- 7.12 COEVOLUTION OF SAVANNAH, HERBIVORES, AND FIRE -- 7.13 HERBIVORES AND FIRE -- 7.14 BEYOND AFRICA'S SAVANNAH HABITAT -- 7.15 HABITAT CHANGES FOREST LOSS/GAIN AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS -- 7.16 HABITAT MANAGEMENT THROUGH CONTROLLED BURNS -- 7.17 SOUTHWESTERN CAPE RENOSTERVELD MANAGEMENT -- 7.18 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Case Study: Response of Invertebrates to Mixed- and High-severity Fires in Central Europe -- Outline placeholder -- 7.19 THE SETTING -- 7.20 AEOLIAN SANDS SPECIALISTS ALONGSIDE THE RAILWAY TRACK NEAR BZENEC-PŘÍVOZ -- 7.21 POSTFIRE SUCCESSION NEAR JETŘICHOVICE: A CHANCE FOR DEAD WOOD SPECIALISTS -- 7.22 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- The Role of Large Fires in the Canadian Boreal Ecosystem -- Outline placeholder -- 7.23 THE GREEN HALO -- 7.24 LAND OF EXTREMES -- 7.25 VEGETATION -- 7.26 PLANTS COPING WITH FIRE -- 7.27 FIRE REGIME OF THE CANADIAN BOREAL FOREST -- 7.28 TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF FIRE AND OTHER CHANGES IN THE BOREAL -- 7.29 BIODIVERSITY -- 7.30 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 8 - What's Driving the Recent Increases in Wildfires? -- 8.1 UNDERSTANDING THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF WILDFIRES -- 8.2 LOOKING BACK OVER THE PALEO-RECORD (BACK CASTING) -- Sedimentary Charcoal Analysis -- Fire History Across a Moisture Gradient -- 8.3 WESTERN USA FIRE HISTORY CASE STUDIES -- 8.4 HISTORICAL RANGE OF VARIATION -- Command and Control versus Conservation Science Approaches -- 8.5 LINKING WILDFIRE TO ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE -- How Might the Climate Tipping Point Affect Wildfires and People? -- Is There a Rigorous Methodology for Attributing Wildfires to ACC? -- How do Extreme Wildfires Impact the Built Environment? -- 8.6 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- III - Managing Mixed- and High-Severity Fires -- 9 - Postfire Logging Disrupts Nature's Phoenix. , 9.1 POSTFIRE LOGGING AND THE KNEE-JERK RESPONSE TO FIRE -- 9.2 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF POSTFIRE LOGGING AND RELATED ACTIVITIES -- 9.3 CASE STUDY POSTFIRE LOGGING LESSONS -- Biscuit Fire of 2002, Southwest Oregon -- Biscuit Project Scope -- Context and Scale Matter -- Integrating Context and Scale into Project Decisions -- Biscuit Fire Case Study Conclusions -- Rim Fire of 2013, Sierra Nevada, California -- Overestimation of High Fire Severity -- Undisclosed Effects on California Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) -- Natural Postfire Conifer Regeneration -- Rim Fire Case Study Conclusions -- Jasper Fire of 2000, Black Hills, South Dakota -- Jasper Case Study Conclusions -- 2009 Wildfires, Victoria, Australia -- 9.4 CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX 9.1 EFFECTS OF POSTFIRE MANAGEMENT ACROSS REGIONS WHERE MOST STUDIES HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 10 - Forest Managers Play the Backcountry Logging Fiddle as Towns Burn down -- 10.1 THE DAY CLIMATE CHANGE CAME KNOCKING AT MY DOOR -- 10.2 THE FIDDLE PLAYERS -- All Fire Management is Politics -- TNC and Collaboratives as Backcountry Fiddlers -- 10.3 COUNTERING FIRE HYPERBOLE AND DOUBLESPEAK -- 10.4 FIRE, FIRE, HOMES ON FIRE, AGAIN! -- 10.5 WHAT IS "ACTIVE MANAGEMENT" AND WILL IT WORK? -- 10.6 HAS ACTIVE MANAGEMENT BECOME A RELIGION OF SORTS? (CONCLUDING THOUGHTS) -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 11 - Misinformation About Historical and Contemporary Forests Leads to Policy Failures: A Critical Assessment of th ... -- 11.1 THE POPULAR NARRATIVE OF "OVERGROWN FORESTS" -- 11.2 ARE CONTEMPORARY WESTERN US DRY FORESTS "OVERGROWN?" -- 11.3 DO DENSER, MATURE, AND OLD FORESTS BURN MORE SEVERELY? -- 11.4 DOES "THINNING" REDUCE OVERALL SEVERITY IN WILDFIRES? -- 11.5 IS HIGH-SEVERITY FIRE CONVERTING DENSE DRY FORESTS TO NONFOREST?. , 11.6 IMPLICATIONS OF PROLOGGING MISINFORMATION.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780443137907

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0443137900

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (452 pages)

Ausgabe: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 0-443-13791-9

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Mixed Severity Fires: Nature's Phoenix -- Mixed Severity Fires: Nature's Phoenix -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- WHY A SECOND EDITION? -- FIRE IN THE BACKCOUNTRY! -- FROM FIRE COEXISTENCE TO COMMAND-AND-CONTROL FIRE DISRUPTIONS -- FIRES' UNDER-APPRECIATED ROLE AS NATURE'S ARCHITECT -- WHAT WE COVER -- NEVER JUDGE A POSTFIRE LANDSCAPE BY THE INITIATING EVENT -- THE LONG-VIEW OF FIRE AND A NEW POST-FIRE FRAMEWORK -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- Acknowledgments -- I - Biodiversity of Mixed- and High-Severity Fires -- 1 - Setting the Stage for Mixed- and High-Severity Fire -- 1.1 EARLIER HYPOTHESES AND CURRENT RESEARCH -- Do Open and Park-like Structures Provide an Accurate Historical Baseline for Dry Forest Types in Western US Forests? -- Does Time Since Fire Influence Fire Severity? -- What is the Evidence for Mixed- and High-Severity Fire? -- Aerial Photos -- Historical Reports -- Direct Records and Reconstructions From Early Land Surveys -- Tree Ring Reconstructions of Stand Densities and Fire History -- Charcoal and Sediment Reconstructions -- Plant and Animal Fire Adaptations -- 1.2 ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE AND MIXED- AND HIGH-SEVERITY FIRE -- 1.3 MIXED- AND HIGH-SEVERITY FIRES INCREASES ARE EQUIVOCAL -- 1.4 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 2 - Ecosystem Benefits of Megafires -- 2.1 JUST WHAT ARE MEGAFIRES? -- 2.2 MEGAFIRES AS GLOBAL CHANGE AGENTS -- 2.3 MEGAFIRES, LARGE SEVERE FIRE PATCHES, AND COMPLEX EARLY SERAL FORESTS -- 2.4 HISTORICAL EVIDENCE OF MEGAFIRES -- Rocky Mountain Region -- Eastern Cascades and Southern Cascades -- Oregon Coast Range and Klamath Region -- Sierra Nevada -- Southwestern United States and Pacific Southwest -- Black Hills -- 2.5 MEGAFIRES AND LANDSCAPE HETEROGENEITY -- 2.6 ARE MEGAFIRES INCREASING? -- 2.7 LANGUAGE MATTERS -- 2.8 CONCLUSIONS. , Appendix 2.1 SOME FIRES OF HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE FROM RECORDS COMPILED BY THE NATIONAL INTERAGENCY FIRE CENTER (HTTP://WWW.NIFC.GOV/FI ... -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 3 - Using Bird Ecology to Learn About the Benefits of Severe Fire -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 INSIGHTS FROM BIRD STUDIES -- Time Since Fire -- Old-Growth Forests -- Postfire Vegetation Conditions -- Bird Species in Other Regions That Seem to Require Severe Fire (Lesson 3 Continued) -- 3.3 POSTFIRE MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS -- 3.4 FIRE RISK REDUCTION SHOULD BE FOCUSED ON HUMAN POPULATION CENTERS -- 3.5 FIRE SUPPRESSION SHOULD BE FOCUSED ON HUMAN COMMUNITIES -- 3.6 HIGH-SEVERITY FIRES BEGET MIXED-SEVERITY RESULTS -- 3.7 MITIGATE FIRE SEVERITY THROUGH THINNING ONLY WHERE ECOLOGICALLY APPROPRIATE -- 3.8 POSTFIRE "SALVAGE" LOGGING IN THE NAME OF RESTORATION OR REHABILITATION IS ALWAYS ECOLOGICALLY INAPPROPRIATE AND MISDIRECTED -- 3.9 WE CAN DO MORE HARM THAN GOOD TRYING TO "MIMIC" NATURE -- 3.10 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- 4 - Mammals and Mixed- and High-Severity Fire -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 BATS -- 4.3 SMALL MAMMALS -- Chaparral and Coastal Sage Scrub -- Forests and Woodlands -- Deserts -- Deer Mice -- 4.4 CARNIVORES -- Mesocarnivores and Large Cats -- Bears -- 4.5 UNGULATES -- 4.6 MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION RELEVANCE -- 4.7 CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX 4.1 THE NUMBER OF STUDIES BY TAXA SHOWING DIRECTIONAL RESPONSE (NEGATIVE, NEUTRAL, OR POSITIVE) TO SEVERE WILDFIRE ... -- REFERENCES -- II - Global Perspectives on Mixed- and High-Severity Fires -- 5 - Bark Beetles and High-Severity Fires in Rocky Mountain Subalpine Forests -- 5.1 FIRE, BEETLES, AND THEIR INTERACTIONS -- 5.2 HOW DO OUTBREAKS AFFECT SUBSEQUENT HIGH-SEVERITY FIRES? -- Methodological Considerations -- Lodgepole Pine Forests -- Spruce-Fir Forests. , Why the Apparent Conflict Between Modeling and Observational Results? -- 5.3 HOW DO HIGH-SEVERITY FIRES AFFECT SUBSEQUENT OUTBREAKS? -- Lodgepole Pine Forests -- Spruce-Fir Forests -- Nonbeetle Causes of Mortality -- 5.4 HOW ARE INTERACTING FIRES AND BARK BEETLES AFFECTING FOREST RESILIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE? -- 5.5 CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 6 - High-Severity Fire in Chaparral: Cognitive Dissonance in the Shrublands -- 6.1 CHAPARRAL AND THE FIRE SUPPRESSION PARADIGM -- 6.2 THE FACTS ABOUT CHAPARRAL FIRES: THEY BURN INTENSELY AND SEVERELY -- 6.3 FIRE MISCONCEPTIONS ARE PERVASIVE -- Confusing Fire Regimes -- Native American Burning -- Succession Rather Than Destruction -- Decadence, Productivity, and Old-Growth Chaparral -- Allelopathy -- Fire Suppression Myth -- Too Much Fire Degrades Chaparral -- Type Conversion and Prescribed Fire -- Combustible Resins and Hydrophobia -- 6.4 REDUCING COGNITIVE DISSONANCE -- Local Agency -- State Agency -- Media -- 6.5 PARADIGM CHANGE REVISITED -- 6.6 CONCLUSION: MAKING THE PARADIGM SHIFT -- REFERENCES -- 7 - Regional Case Studies: Southeast Australia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Europe, and Boreal Canada -- Case Study: The Ecology of Mixed-severity Fire in Mountain Ash Forests -- Outline placeholder -- 7.1 THE SETTING -- 7.2 MOUNTAIN ASH LIFE CYCLE -- 7.3 INFLUENCE OF STAND AGE ON FIRE SEVERITY -- 7.4 DISTRIBUTION OF OLD-GROWTH FORESTS -- 7.5 MIXED-SEVERITY FIRE AND FAUNA OF MOUNTAIN ASH FORESTS -- 7.6 FAUNA AND FIRE-AFFECTED HABITAT STRUCTURES -- 7.7 FAUNAL RESPONSE TO THE SPATIAL OUTCOMES OF FIRE -- 7.8 CONSERVATION CHALLENGES AND FUTURE FIRE -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- Case Study: The Importance of Mixed- and High-severity Fires in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Outline placeholder -- 7.9 THE BIG PICTURE -- 7.10 WHERE IS FIRE IMPORTANT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA?. , 7.11 WHAT ABOUT PEOPLE AND FIRE? -- 7.12 COEVOLUTION OF SAVANNAH, HERBIVORES, AND FIRE -- 7.13 HERBIVORES AND FIRE -- 7.14 BEYOND AFRICA'S SAVANNAH HABITAT -- 7.15 HABITAT CHANGES FOREST LOSS/GAIN AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS -- 7.16 HABITAT MANAGEMENT THROUGH CONTROLLED BURNS -- 7.17 SOUTHWESTERN CAPE RENOSTERVELD MANAGEMENT -- 7.18 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Case Study: Response of Invertebrates to Mixed- and High-severity Fires in Central Europe -- Outline placeholder -- 7.19 THE SETTING -- 7.20 AEOLIAN SANDS SPECIALISTS ALONGSIDE THE RAILWAY TRACK NEAR BZENEC-PŘÍVOZ -- 7.21 POSTFIRE SUCCESSION NEAR JETŘICHOVICE: A CHANCE FOR DEAD WOOD SPECIALISTS -- 7.22 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- The Role of Large Fires in the Canadian Boreal Ecosystem -- Outline placeholder -- 7.23 THE GREEN HALO -- 7.24 LAND OF EXTREMES -- 7.25 VEGETATION -- 7.26 PLANTS COPING WITH FIRE -- 7.27 FIRE REGIME OF THE CANADIAN BOREAL FOREST -- 7.28 TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF FIRE AND OTHER CHANGES IN THE BOREAL -- 7.29 BIODIVERSITY -- 7.30 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 8 - What's Driving the Recent Increases in Wildfires? -- 8.1 UNDERSTANDING THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF WILDFIRES -- 8.2 LOOKING BACK OVER THE PALEO-RECORD (BACK CASTING) -- Sedimentary Charcoal Analysis -- Fire History Across a Moisture Gradient -- 8.3 WESTERN USA FIRE HISTORY CASE STUDIES -- 8.4 HISTORICAL RANGE OF VARIATION -- Command and Control versus Conservation Science Approaches -- 8.5 LINKING WILDFIRE TO ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE -- How Might the Climate Tipping Point Affect Wildfires and People? -- Is There a Rigorous Methodology for Attributing Wildfires to ACC? -- How do Extreme Wildfires Impact the Built Environment? -- 8.6 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- III - Managing Mixed- and High-Severity Fires -- 9 - Postfire Logging Disrupts Nature's Phoenix. , 9.1 POSTFIRE LOGGING AND THE KNEE-JERK RESPONSE TO FIRE -- 9.2 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF POSTFIRE LOGGING AND RELATED ACTIVITIES -- 9.3 CASE STUDY POSTFIRE LOGGING LESSONS -- Biscuit Fire of 2002, Southwest Oregon -- Biscuit Project Scope -- Context and Scale Matter -- Integrating Context and Scale into Project Decisions -- Biscuit Fire Case Study Conclusions -- Rim Fire of 2013, Sierra Nevada, California -- Overestimation of High Fire Severity -- Undisclosed Effects on California Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) -- Natural Postfire Conifer Regeneration -- Rim Fire Case Study Conclusions -- Jasper Fire of 2000, Black Hills, South Dakota -- Jasper Case Study Conclusions -- 2009 Wildfires, Victoria, Australia -- 9.4 CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX 9.1 EFFECTS OF POSTFIRE MANAGEMENT ACROSS REGIONS WHERE MOST STUDIES HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 10 - Forest Managers Play the Backcountry Logging Fiddle as Towns Burn down -- 10.1 THE DAY CLIMATE CHANGE CAME KNOCKING AT MY DOOR -- 10.2 THE FIDDLE PLAYERS -- All Fire Management is Politics -- TNC and Collaboratives as Backcountry Fiddlers -- 10.3 COUNTERING FIRE HYPERBOLE AND DOUBLESPEAK -- 10.4 FIRE, FIRE, HOMES ON FIRE, AGAIN! -- 10.5 WHAT IS "ACTIVE MANAGEMENT" AND WILL IT WORK? -- 10.6 HAS ACTIVE MANAGEMENT BECOME A RELIGION OF SORTS? (CONCLUDING THOUGHTS) -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 11 - Misinformation About Historical and Contemporary Forests Leads to Policy Failures: A Critical Assessment of th ... -- 11.1 THE POPULAR NARRATIVE OF "OVERGROWN FORESTS" -- 11.2 ARE CONTEMPORARY WESTERN US DRY FORESTS "OVERGROWN?" -- 11.3 DO DENSER, MATURE, AND OLD FORESTS BURN MORE SEVERELY? -- 11.4 DOES "THINNING" REDUCE OVERALL SEVERITY IN WILDFIRES? -- 11.5 IS HIGH-SEVERITY FIRE CONVERTING DENSE DRY FORESTS TO NONFOREST?. , 11.6 IMPLICATIONS OF PROLOGGING MISINFORMATION.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-443-13790-0

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (452 Seiten)

Ausgabe: 2nd ed

ISBN: 9780443137914

Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources , Front Cover -- Mixed Severity Fires: Nature's Phoenix -- Mixed Severity Fires: Nature's Phoenix -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- WHY A SECOND EDITION? -- FIRE IN THE BACKCOUNTRY! -- FROM FIRE COEXISTENCE TO COMMAND-AND-CONTROL FIRE DISRUPTIONS -- FIRES' UNDER-APPRECIATED ROLE AS NATURE'S ARCHITECT -- WHAT WE COVER -- NEVER JUDGE A POSTFIRE LANDSCAPE BY THE INITIATING EVENT -- THE LONG-VIEW OF FIRE AND A NEW POST-FIRE FRAMEWORK -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- Acknowledgments -- I - Biodiversity of Mixed- and High-Severity Fires -- 1 - Setting the Stage for Mixed- and High-Severity Fire -- 1.1 EARLIER HYPOTHESES AND CURRENT RESEARCH -- Do Open and Park-like Structures Provide an Accurate Historical Baseline for Dry Forest Types in Western US Forests? -- Does Time Since Fire Influence Fire Severity? -- What is the Evidence for Mixed- and High-Severity Fire? -- Aerial Photos -- Historical Reports -- Direct Records and Reconstructions From Early Land Surveys -- Tree Ring Reconstructions of Stand Densities and Fire History -- Charcoal and Sediment Reconstructions -- Plant and Animal Fire Adaptations -- 1.2 ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE AND MIXED- AND HIGH-SEVERITY FIRE -- 1.3 MIXED- AND HIGH-SEVERITY FIRES INCREASES ARE EQUIVOCAL -- 1.4 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 2 - Ecosystem Benefits of Megafires -- 2.1 JUST WHAT ARE MEGAFIRES? -- 2.2 MEGAFIRES AS GLOBAL CHANGE AGENTS -- 2.3 MEGAFIRES, LARGE SEVERE FIRE PATCHES, AND COMPLEX EARLY SERAL FORESTS -- 2.4 HISTORICAL EVIDENCE OF MEGAFIRES -- Rocky Mountain Region -- Eastern Cascades and Southern Cascades -- Oregon Coast Range and Klamath Region -- Sierra Nevada -- Southwestern United States and Pacific Southwest -- Black Hills -- 2.5 MEGAFIRES AND LANDSCAPE HETEROGENEITY -- 2.6 ARE MEGAFIRES INCREASING? -- 2.7 LANGUAGE MATTERS -- 2.8 CONCLUSIONS. , Appendix 2.1 SOME FIRES OF HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE FROM RECORDS COMPILED BY THE NATIONAL INTERAGENCY FIRE CENTER (HTTP://WWW.NIFC.GOV/FI ... -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 3 - Using Bird Ecology to Learn About the Benefits of Severe Fire -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 INSIGHTS FROM BIRD STUDIES -- Time Since Fire -- Old-Growth Forests -- Postfire Vegetation Conditions -- Bird Species in Other Regions That Seem to Require Severe Fire (Lesson 3 Continued) -- 3.3 POSTFIRE MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS -- 3.4 FIRE RISK REDUCTION SHOULD BE FOCUSED ON HUMAN POPULATION CENTERS -- 3.5 FIRE SUPPRESSION SHOULD BE FOCUSED ON HUMAN COMMUNITIES -- 3.6 HIGH-SEVERITY FIRES BEGET MIXED-SEVERITY RESULTS -- 3.7 MITIGATE FIRE SEVERITY THROUGH THINNING ONLY WHERE ECOLOGICALLY APPROPRIATE -- 3.8 POSTFIRE "SALVAGE" LOGGING IN THE NAME OF RESTORATION OR REHABILITATION IS ALWAYS ECOLOGICALLY INAPPROPRIATE AND MISDIRECTED -- 3.9 WE CAN DO MORE HARM THAN GOOD TRYING TO "MIMIC" NATURE -- 3.10 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- 4 - Mammals and Mixed- and High-Severity Fire -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 BATS -- 4.3 SMALL MAMMALS -- Chaparral and Coastal Sage Scrub -- Forests and Woodlands -- Deserts -- Deer Mice -- 4.4 CARNIVORES -- Mesocarnivores and Large Cats -- Bears -- 4.5 UNGULATES -- 4.6 MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION RELEVANCE -- 4.7 CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX 4.1 THE NUMBER OF STUDIES BY TAXA SHOWING DIRECTIONAL RESPONSE (NEGATIVE, NEUTRAL, OR POSITIVE) TO SEVERE WILDFIRE ... -- REFERENCES -- II - Global Perspectives on Mixed- and High-Severity Fires -- 5 - Bark Beetles and High-Severity Fires in Rocky Mountain Subalpine Forests -- 5.1 FIRE, BEETLES, AND THEIR INTERACTIONS -- 5.2 HOW DO OUTBREAKS AFFECT SUBSEQUENT HIGH-SEVERITY FIRES? -- Methodological Considerations -- Lodgepole Pine Forests -- Spruce-Fir Forests , Why the Apparent Conflict Between Modeling and Observational Results? -- 5.3 HOW DO HIGH-SEVERITY FIRES AFFECT SUBSEQUENT OUTBREAKS? -- Lodgepole Pine Forests -- Spruce-Fir Forests -- Nonbeetle Causes of Mortality -- 5.4 HOW ARE INTERACTING FIRES AND BARK BEETLES AFFECTING FOREST RESILIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE? -- 5.5 CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 6 - High-Severity Fire in Chaparral: Cognitive Dissonance in the Shrublands -- 6.1 CHAPARRAL AND THE FIRE SUPPRESSION PARADIGM -- 6.2 THE FACTS ABOUT CHAPARRAL FIRES: THEY BURN INTENSELY AND SEVERELY -- 6.3 FIRE MISCONCEPTIONS ARE PERVASIVE -- Confusing Fire Regimes -- Native American Burning -- Succession Rather Than Destruction -- Decadence, Productivity, and Old-Growth Chaparral -- Allelopathy -- Fire Suppression Myth -- Too Much Fire Degrades Chaparral -- Type Conversion and Prescribed Fire -- Combustible Resins and Hydrophobia -- 6.4 REDUCING COGNITIVE DISSONANCE -- Local Agency -- State Agency -- Media -- 6.5 PARADIGM CHANGE REVISITED -- 6.6 CONCLUSION: MAKING THE PARADIGM SHIFT -- REFERENCES -- 7 - Regional Case Studies: Southeast Australia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Europe, and Boreal Canada -- Case Study: The Ecology of Mixed-severity Fire in Mountain Ash Forests -- Outline placeholder -- 7.1 THE SETTING -- 7.2 MOUNTAIN ASH LIFE CYCLE -- 7.3 INFLUENCE OF STAND AGE ON FIRE SEVERITY -- 7.4 DISTRIBUTION OF OLD-GROWTH FORESTS -- 7.5 MIXED-SEVERITY FIRE AND FAUNA OF MOUNTAIN ASH FORESTS -- 7.6 FAUNA AND FIRE-AFFECTED HABITAT STRUCTURES -- 7.7 FAUNAL RESPONSE TO THE SPATIAL OUTCOMES OF FIRE -- 7.8 CONSERVATION CHALLENGES AND FUTURE FIRE -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- Case Study: The Importance of Mixed- and High-severity Fires in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Outline placeholder -- 7.9 THE BIG PICTURE -- 7.10 WHERE IS FIRE IMPORTANT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA? , 7.11 WHAT ABOUT PEOPLE AND FIRE? -- 7.12 COEVOLUTION OF SAVANNAH, HERBIVORES, AND FIRE -- 7.13 HERBIVORES AND FIRE -- 7.14 BEYOND AFRICA'S SAVANNAH HABITAT -- 7.15 HABITAT CHANGES FOREST LOSS/GAIN AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS -- 7.16 HABITAT MANAGEMENT THROUGH CONTROLLED BURNS -- 7.17 SOUTHWESTERN CAPE RENOSTERVELD MANAGEMENT -- 7.18 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Case Study: Response of Invertebrates to Mixed- and High-severity Fires in Central Europe -- Outline placeholder -- 7.19 THE SETTING -- 7.20 AEOLIAN SANDS SPECIALISTS ALONGSIDE THE RAILWAY TRACK NEAR BZENEC-PŘÍVOZ -- 7.21 POSTFIRE SUCCESSION NEAR JETŘICHOVICE: A CHANCE FOR DEAD WOOD SPECIALISTS -- 7.22 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- The Role of Large Fires in the Canadian Boreal Ecosystem -- Outline placeholder -- 7.23 THE GREEN HALO -- 7.24 LAND OF EXTREMES -- 7.25 VEGETATION -- 7.26 PLANTS COPING WITH FIRE -- 7.27 FIRE REGIME OF THE CANADIAN BOREAL FOREST -- 7.28 TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF FIRE AND OTHER CHANGES IN THE BOREAL -- 7.29 BIODIVERSITY -- 7.30 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 8 - What's Driving the Recent Increases in Wildfires? -- 8.1 UNDERSTANDING THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF WILDFIRES -- 8.2 LOOKING BACK OVER THE PALEO-RECORD (BACK CASTING) -- Sedimentary Charcoal Analysis -- Fire History Across a Moisture Gradient -- 8.3 WESTERN USA FIRE HISTORY CASE STUDIES -- 8.4 HISTORICAL RANGE OF VARIATION -- Command and Control versus Conservation Science Approaches -- 8.5 LINKING WILDFIRE TO ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE -- How Might the Climate Tipping Point Affect Wildfires and People? -- Is There a Rigorous Methodology for Attributing Wildfires to ACC? -- How do Extreme Wildfires Impact the Built Environment? -- 8.6 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- III - Managing Mixed- and High-Severity Fires -- 9 - Postfire Logging Disrupts Nature's Phoenix , 9.1 POSTFIRE LOGGING AND THE KNEE-JERK RESPONSE TO FIRE -- 9.2 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF POSTFIRE LOGGING AND RELATED ACTIVITIES -- 9.3 CASE STUDY POSTFIRE LOGGING LESSONS -- Biscuit Fire of 2002, Southwest Oregon -- Biscuit Project Scope -- Context and Scale Matter -- Integrating Context and Scale into Project Decisions -- Biscuit Fire Case Study Conclusions -- Rim Fire of 2013, Sierra Nevada, California -- Overestimation of High Fire Severity -- Undisclosed Effects on California Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) -- Natural Postfire Conifer Regeneration -- Rim Fire Case Study Conclusions -- Jasper Fire of 2000, Black Hills, South Dakota -- Jasper Case Study Conclusions -- 2009 Wildfires, Victoria, Australia -- 9.4 CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX 9.1 EFFECTS OF POSTFIRE MANAGEMENT ACROSS REGIONS WHERE MOST STUDIES HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 10 - Forest Managers Play the Backcountry Logging Fiddle as Towns Burn down -- 10.1 THE DAY CLIMATE CHANGE CAME KNOCKING AT MY DOOR -- 10.2 THE FIDDLE PLAYERS -- All Fire Management is Politics -- TNC and Collaboratives as Backcountry Fiddlers -- 10.3 COUNTERING FIRE HYPERBOLE AND DOUBLESPEAK -- 10.4 FIRE, FIRE, HOMES ON FIRE, AGAIN! -- 10.5 WHAT IS "ACTIVE MANAGEMENT" AND WILL IT WORK? -- 10.6 HAS ACTIVE MANAGEMENT BECOME A RELIGION OF SORTS? (CONCLUDING THOUGHTS) -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 11 - Misinformation About Historical and Contemporary Forests Leads to Policy Failures: A Critical Assessment of th ... -- 11.1 THE POPULAR NARRATIVE OF "OVERGROWN FORESTS" -- 11.2 ARE CONTEMPORARY WESTERN US DRY FORESTS "OVERGROWN?" -- 11.3 DO DENSER, MATURE, AND OLD FORESTS BURN MORE SEVERELY? -- 11.4 DOES "THINNING" REDUCE OVERALL SEVERITY IN WILDFIRES? -- 11.5 IS HIGH-SEVERITY FIRE CONVERTING DENSE DRY FORESTS TO NONFOREST? , 11.6 IMPLICATIONS OF PROLOGGING MISINFORMATION.

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe DellaSala, Dominick A. Mixed Severity Fires Chantilly : Elsevier,c2024 ISBN 9780443137907

Sprache: Englisch