UID:
almahu_9949982671602882
Format:
1 online resource (256 pages)
Edition:
First edition.
ISBN:
9780443140518
,
0443140510
Series Statement:
Developments in Weather and Climate Science Series ; Volume 7
Note:
Front Cover -- Aerosols and Precipitation Over Africa -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Aerosols over Africa: sources, properties, and distribution -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Overview of aerosols -- 1.1.2 African aerosols -- 1.2 Dust aerosols over Africa -- 1.2.1 Sources and emission of dust aerosols -- 1.2.2 Climatological distribution of dust aerosols -- 1.2.3 Properties of dust aerosols -- 1.2.3.1 Physical properties -- 1.2.3.2 Chemical properties -- 1.2.3.3 Optical properties -- 1.2.3.4 Hygroscopicity and solubility -- 1.3 Carbonaceous aerosols over Africa -- 1.3.1 Sources and emission of carbonaceous aerosols -- 1.3.2 Climatological distribution of carbonaceous aerosols -- 1.3.3 Properties of carbonaceous aerosols -- 1.3.3.1 Physical properties -- 1.3.3.2 Chemical properties -- 1.3.3.3 Optical and radiative properties -- 1.3.3.4 Radiative impacts -- 1.4 Marine aerosols near Africa -- 1.4.1 Source and emission of marine aerosols -- 1.4.2 Climatological distribution of marine aerosols -- 1.4.3 Properties of marine aerosols -- 1.5 Sulfate aerosols over Africa -- 1.5.1 Sources and emission of sulfate aerosols -- 1.5.2 Climatological distribution of sulfate aerosols -- 1.5.3 Properties of sulfate aerosols -- 1.6 Summary -- Author contributions -- References -- 2 Aerosol impacts on the West African Monsoon -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Climatic effects of aerosols -- 2.2.1 Aerosol interactions with radiation and cloud microphysics -- 2.2.2 Aerosol perturbation and feedbacks in a simple atmospheric-column framework -- 2.2.3 Aerosol perturbation and feedbacks at regional to global scales, effective radiative forcing -- 2.3 Aerosol impacts on the West African Monsoon (WAM) system -- 2.3.1 The WAM system -- 2.3.2 Dust aerosol and WAM interactions -- 2.3.2.1 Dust climatic impact on the WAM.
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2.3.2.2 Dust, African easterly waves, and mesoscale convective system interactions -- 2.3.3 Biomass-burning aerosol and WAM interactions -- 2.3.3.1 'Local' effects of transported biomass-burning aerosol -- 2.3.3.2 Biomass burning outflow perturbing the WAM -- 2.3.3.3 Importance of the regional SST feedback -- 2.3.4 Impact of regional and global anthropogenic aerosol sources on the WAM -- 2.4 Regional aerosol trends and projections in Africa -- 2.4.1 Dust sources -- 2.4.2 Biomass burning and anthropogenic sources -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Impacts of dust aerosols on the climate of the tropical Atlantic -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 General characteristics of dust aerosols -- 3.3 Dust direct radiative effect -- 3.4 Dust indirect effect -- 3.5 Dust semidirect effect -- 3.6 Dust trends and variability -- 3.7 Dust impacts on precipitation -- 3.8 Dust impacts on tropical cyclones -- 3.9 Dust impacts on wave activity -- 3.9.1 Dynamics of the AEJ-AEWs system -- 3.9.2 Relationships between dust radiative effects and the AEW's energetics -- 3.10 Limitations of tools for dust-climate interaction research -- 3.11 Summary -- References -- 4 Precipitation distribution over Africa: observations and modeling -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Study area, data, and methods -- 4.2.1 Study area -- 4.2.2 Data and methods -- 4.3 Results and discussion -- 4.3.1 Precipitation climatology: seasonal and interannual variabilities -- 4.3.2 Spatial distribution of precipitation characteristics: onset and cessation dates -- 4.3.3 Climatology of some extreme precipitation indices -- 4.4 Summary, socioeconomic implications, and conclusion -- Data availability -- Code availability -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Recent trends of clouds over Africa -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Methods -- 5.2.1 Data sources -- 5.2.2 Regional analysis -- 5.3 Results.
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5.3.1 Spatial distributions and trends of cloud areas -- 5.3.2 Spatial distributions and trends of cloud pressure and temperature -- 5.3.3 Spatial distributions and trends of cloud liquid- and ice-water path -- 5.4 Discussion and conclusions -- Data availability -- Funding -- References -- 6 Future changes in precipitation distributions over Africa -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Data and method -- 6.3 Precipitation across Africa: climatology and future changes -- 6.3.1 West Africa -- 6.3.1.1 Precipitation over West Africa -- 6.3.1.2 Future changes in precipitation over West Africa -- 6.3.2 East Africa -- 6.3.2.1 Precipitation over East Africa -- 6.3.2.2 Future changes in precipitation over East Africa -- 6.3.3 Central Africa -- 6.3.3.1 Precipitation over Central Africa -- 6.3.3.2 Future changes in precipitation over Central Africa -- 6.3.4 Southern Africa -- 6.3.4.1 Precipitation over Southern Africa -- 6.3.4.2 Future changes in precipitation over Southern Africa -- 6.4 Cloud-aerosol-precipitation feedback -- 6.4.1 Brief description of the feedback between aerosol loading, cloud cover, and precipitation -- 6.4.2 Future change in aerosols and its role in African precipitation -- 6.5 Summary -- 6.6 Future prospects -- 6.6.1 Biases and model horizontal and vertical resolution -- 6.6.2 Identifying sources of precipitation changes uncertainty -- Data availability statement -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Detection and attribution of climate change impacts in Africa -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Background -- 7.2 Advances in climate-change attribution science -- 7.3 Main methods of climate-extremes attribution -- 7.3.1 Forecast model-based method -- 7.3.2 Climate model-based method -- 7.4 Case studies of climate-hazards attribution in Africa -- 7.4.1 North Africa December-February 2009/2010 severe heat event.
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7.4.1.1 Assessing the magnitude of the North Africa heat event -- 7.4.1.2 Attribution of the North Africa December-February 2009/2010 severe heat event -- 7.4.1.2.1 Contribution of natural internal forcings to the North Africa heat-event occurrence -- 7.4.1.2.2 Contribution of anthropogenic external forcing -- 7.4.2 Case study 2: South Africa 2018 summer drought attribution -- 7.4.2.1 Assessing the magnitude of the 2018 summer drought over South Africa -- 7.4.2.2 Attribution of the 2018 summer drought over South Africa -- 7.4.2.2.1 Estimating the anthropogenic influence on the SA 2018 drought occurrence -- 7.4.2.2.2 Assessing the likelihood of the SA 2018 drought in the future -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9780443140501
Additional Edition:
ISBN 0443140502
Language:
English
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