Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Umfang: 1 online resource (474 pages)

Ausgabe: First edition.

ISBN: 9780443218941 , 0443218943

Anmerkung: Intro -- Energy Transport Infrastructure for a Decarbonized Economy -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the editors -- Foreword -- References -- Acknowledgments -- Nomenclature -- Chapter 1: One hundred trillion watts -- References -- Chapter 2: Energy transport is a cornerstone of the energy supply chain -- Decarbonization and energy transport -- Mapping of energy sources -- Nonrenewable energy sources -- Renewable energy sources -- Conclusions -- Electrical power transmission and distribution -- Current limitations -- Key regional grid challenges -- Advanced grid technologies -- Grid modernization economics -- Policy recommendations -- Conclusion -- Transportability of energy sources -- Need to transport energy: Conversion of primary energy sources into energy carriers. General considerations -- Considerations to assess the viability of conversion into energy carriers -- Direct transportation of primary energy sources and carriers -- Gaseous energy carriers -- Liquid energy carriers -- Solid energy carriers (sources) -- Hydrogen as an energy carrier -- Nonelectricity transport as an enabler of energy storage -- Introduction -- Electric energy storage for grid stability -- Grid energy storage challenges and evaluation metrics -- Survey of grid energy storage technologies -- Conclusions -- The global energy market: Current dynamics and the role of natural gas -- Introduction -- Global energy landscape -- Regional energy profiles -- Natural gas: Supply and demand trends -- Natural gas outlook by region -- Implications and future outlook -- Global natural gas pricing dynamics -- Some comments on the oil market -- Environmental considerations of the energy market. Monetization of emissions -- A North American perspective -- A European Union perspective -- Closure -- References -- Chapter 3: Fundamentals -- Pipeline transport. , Refrigeration process and liquefaction -- Machinery drivers -- Electric motors -- Gas turbines -- Gas engines -- Steam turbines -- Speed control -- Trip -- Expanders -- Pumping -- Why pumping? -- Centrifugal pump -- Basic principles and components -- Performance parameters -- Pump performance characteristics and performance curves -- Pump types and areas of application -- Pump specific speed -- Pump suction specific speed and cavitation performance -- Positive displacement pumps -- Compression -- Gas compression principles -- Centrifugal compressors -- Integrally geared centrifugal compressors -- Reciprocating compressors -- Screw compressors -- Diaphragm compressors -- Gearboxes -- Introduction -- Basics of power transmission with gearboxes, design elements, gearing, efficiency, and rotordynamics -- Parallel shaft gearboxes -- Integral gearboxes -- Epicyclic gearboxes -- Hydrodynamic variable speed gearboxes -- Shaft sealing -- General -- Liquid lubricated mechanical seals -- Maintenance -- Proactive maintenance -- Condition monitoring -- References -- Chapter 4: Applications -- Introduction -- Hydrogen and renewable electricity for the decarbonization of all sectors -- Hydrogen and water consumption -- Natural gas applications and LNG growth -- Regional cost of energy, regulation, and carbon leakage -- Stationary applications -- Power generation -- Gas and oil fired power plants -- Diesel and natural gas fired engines -- Solid fuel-fired power plants -- Pipelines for natural gas, hydrogen, and captured CO2 -- Industrial -- Decarbonized steel production -- Decarbonized cement production -- Decarbonized petrochemical production -- Mobility applications -- Automotive -- Rail -- Marine -- Renewable marine fuels -- Renewable fuel transport in cargo ships -- Aviation -- Hydrogen and alternative aviation fuels -- Sustainable aviation fuel -- Ammonia. , Rockets and spacecraft -- Rocket fuels and propellants -- Hydrocarbons -- Hypergolic fuels -- Liquid oxygen -- Liquid methane & -- liquified natural gas -- Liquid hydrogen -- Monopropellants -- Pressurized gases -- Solid fuels -- Propellant transport and loading -- References -- Chapter 5: Liquefied natural gas -- Introduction -- Background -- The LNG value chain -- Production: Extraction of natural gas -- Gas processing -- Liquefaction: LNG plant -- LNG transportation -- LNG receiving and regasification terminal -- Gas utilities/pipeline -- LNG peak shaving -- LNG capital investment -- Overview of refrigeration and liquefaction -- Compressors for LNG applications -- Natural gas processing compression applications -- Feed gas or booster compressor -- Flash gas compressor/off gas compressor -- Regeneration gas compressor -- CO2 injection compressor -- Turboexpander -- Lean gas compressor -- Refrigeration compressors -- End flash gas compressor -- Boil-off gas compressors -- Fuel gas compressors -- LNG compressor technologies -- Key LNG processes -- Air products and chemicals propane mixed refrigerant (AP-C3MR) -- Air products and chemicals propane and split mixed refrigerant (AP-C3MR/SplitMR) -- ConocoPhillips optimized cascade -- Air products and chemicals ``AP-X´´ -- Dual-mixed refrigerant -- Air products and chemicals single mixed refrigerant (AP-SMR) -- Compressor selection, configuration, and design -- Nozzles and nozzle configuration -- Effect of settle-out pressure on selection -- How the driver effects compressor selection -- Aerodynamic flowpath and staging -- Compressor configuration -- Lateral rotordynamics -- Torsional rotordynamics -- Antisurge system -- Compressor selection examples -- Propane compressor -- Mixed refrigerant compressor(s) -- End flash gas and boil-off gas compressors -- End flash gas compressor(s). , Boil-off gas compressor(s) -- Testing -- Customized solutions -- Pumps for LNG applications -- LNG pumping applications -- Cryogenic LNG pumping technologies -- Submerged motor-driven LNG pumps -- Suction vessel (canned) mounted pumps -- Retractable in-tank pumps -- Marine pumps -- Pumps for supporting functional units in LNG plants -- Expanders for LNG applications -- LNG liquid expanders -- LNG flashing two-phase expanders -- LNG drivers -- Material considerations for LNG machinery -- Capacity control considerations for LNG -- Flare in the LNG process -- Reasons for flaring in LNG plants -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 6: Transport of natural gas -- Value chain description-Gas gathering to use [1,2] -- Overview -- Gas gathering -- Gas processing -- Midstream activities -- Gas transmission -- Gas storage -- Storage strategy and services -- Local distribution -- Liquified natural gas (LNG) -- LNG transport -- LNG receipt and regasification -- Storage facilities-Surface -- Future importance of LNG -- Renewable natural gas -- Compressors-Centrifugal compressors -- Centrifugal compressors -- Surge margin and turndown -- Centrifugal compressor control -- Variable speed -- Adjustable inlet vanes -- Adjustable diffusor vanes -- Throttling (suction, discharge) -- Recycling -- Process control with centrifugal compressors driven by two shaft gas turbines -- Surge control -- Control for multiple process streams -- Start-up and shutdown -- Compressors-Reciprocating compressors -- Drivers-Gas turbines -- Drivers-Electric motors -- Induction motors -- Synchronous motors -- Drivers-Reciprocating engines -- Integral engine-compressors -- Compressor station design considerations -- Acoustic considerations -- Pulsation control devices -- Flow-induced pulsations -- Reciprocating compressor interaction with centrifugal compressors. , High-frequency noise and vibrations -- Mechanical considerations -- Reciprocating compressor manifold -- Centrifugal compressor considerations -- Piping restraints -- Thermal stress considerations -- Piping stresses -- Equipment nozzle loads -- Pressure and capacity control -- Challenges with off-design operation -- Pressure throttling -- Recycle -- Options for efficiency improvement -- Centrifugal compressors -- Reciprocating compressors -- Instrumentation and data acquisition -- Pipeline hydraulics -- Letdown stations [31] -- Filter separators -- Flow control -- Meter skid piping -- Automatic shutdown valve -- Heaters -- Pressure reduction and regulation -- Sound pressure -- Overpressure protection -- Metering system -- Pulsation -- Cathodic protection -- Buildings -- Shipping -- Gas gathering -- Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) -- Floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) -- LNG carriers -- Ship propulsion -- Marine steam turbine engine -- Dual-fuel diesel electric (DFDE) propulsion systems -- Natural boil-off gas burning -- Boil-off gas recovery system -- Boil-off gas combustion system -- Managing boil-off gas -- Low-duty (LD) compressor -- High-duty (HD) compressor -- Loading and unloading -- Loading of natural gas onto carrier -- Unloading of natural gas from carrier -- Certifications -- Det Norske Veritas (DNV)-GL -- ABS (American Bureau of Shipping) -- References -- Chapter 7: Transport of hydrogen and carriers of hydrogen -- Introduction -- Hydrogen production-Via reforming (blue hydrogen) -- Hydrogen production from water (green hydrogen) -- Hydrogen gas transport -- Hydrogen transport in pipelines-Embrittlement issues -- Compressor embodiments for hydrogen gas transport -- Centrifugal compressors for hydrogen -- Material considerations in centrifugal compressors -- Reciprocating compressors for hydrogen. , Diaphragm compressors for hydrogen refueling.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780443218934

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0443218935

Sprache: Englisch