UID:
almafu_9960119065102883
Umfang:
1 online resource (xxi, 492 pages) :
,
digital, PDF file(s).
ISBN:
1-316-82379-2
,
1-316-82547-7
,
1-139-03116-3
Inhalt:
Contested Transformation constitutes the first comprehensive study of racial and ethnic minorities holding elective office in the United States at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Building on data from the Gender and Multicultural Leadership (GMCL) National Database and Survey, it provides a baseline portrait of Black, Latino, Asian American, and American Indian elected officials - the women and men holding public office at national, state, and local levels of government. Analysis reveals commonalities and differences across race and gender groups on their backgrounds, paths to public office, leadership roles, and policy positions. Challenging mainstream political science theories in their applicability to elected officials of color, the book offers new understandings of the experiences of those holding public office today. Gains in political leadership and influence by people of color are transforming the American political landscape, but they have occurred within a contested political context, one where struggles for racial and gender equality continue.
Anmerkung:
Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 10 Jan 2017).
,
Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- List of figures -- List of maps -- List of tables -- List of boxes -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I Transforming the American Political Landscape -- 1 Dual Narratives -- The Historical Context -- Narratives of Exclusion -- The African American Experience -- Latino Experiences -- Asian American Experiences -- The American Indian Experience -- Gaining the Right to Vote Paves the Way to Increased Representation -- Voting Rights and the American State -- Enactment of the Voting Rights Act -- Renewals -- Dramatic Growth in Descriptive Representation within a Contested Political Landscape -- Convergence of Factors Lead to Growth -- Impact of the Voting Rights Act -- The Immigration Act of 1965: Demographic Changes and Shifting Political Influences -- Demography Is Not Destiny: Influence beyond Population Growth -- Gender and Growth of Elected Officials of Color: Looking through an Intersectional Lens -- Comparing Growth of Women of Color and Non-Hispanic White Female Elected Officials -- Growth in Congress, by Race and Gender -- Growth in State Legislatures, by Race and Gender -- Factors Contributing to Growth in Descriptive Representation of Women of Color -- Impact of Majority-Minority Districts -- The Anita Hill-Clarence Thomas Hearings: Impact of the "Year of the Woman"? -- Continued Underrepresentation by Gender in a Contested Political Terrain -- Race and Gender Parity in Congress -- Race and Gender Parity in State Legislatures -- Visualizing the Geographical Landscape -- Mapping the Geographical Landscape for Elected Officials of Color -- State Rankings: Another Perspective on Geographical Distributions -- Distribution of American Indian Elected Officials -- Gender and Geographical Patterns of Representation.
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Exclusion and Struggles Today -- Conclusion -- 2 Who Governs at the Local Level? -- An In-Depth Look at Local Elected Officials of Color -- Lack of Attention to Local Elected Officials -- Why Study Local Officials? -- Vast Majority Serve at the Local Level -- Growing Importance of Local Governance -- More Growth Than Meets the Eye? -- Challenges in Calculating Growth on Local Governing Bodies -- Estimating Political Parity at the Local Level -- Gender and Local Office Holding -- Women of Color Governing America's Cities, Towns, Counties, and School Districts -- What Local Offices Do They Hold? Comparing Men and Women of Color - and Women in General -- Disaggregating "Local": Gender, Race, and the Importance of Governing Boards -- Tracking Growth in Women of Color at the Local Level: The Case of Latinas -- A Closer Look at Mayors of Color -- Municipal Financing: A Trillion Dollars at Stake -- Focus Needed on Smaller Localities -- Race*Gender and Size of Municipal Government -- Compensation, Race, and Gender: Impact of Size of Municipality -- County Size and the Distribution of Officials of Color, by Gender and Race -- Symbolic and Substantive Impact at the Local Level -- Conclusion -- 3 A Portrait of Elected Officials of Color -- Paths to Office: Racially Gendered Assumptions in Traditional Political Theory -- Educational Achievement, Occupational Attainment, and Marital Status: A Contested Dynamic -- Elected Officials of Color: A Highly Educated Group -- Educational Access and Attainment: The Historical Context -- Race, Gender, and Occupational Attainment -- Variation by Level of Office -- The Profession of Law: Impact of Level of Office, Gender, and Race -- At the Heart of Pipeline Theory: A Critique of "Feeder Occupations" and the "Eligibility Pool" -- Gendered-, Class-, and Raced-Based "Feeder Occupations"?.
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An Intersectional Perspective on Occupational Prestige -- The Sociopolitical Context of Occupational "Choices" -- Measuring Occupational Prestige for Multicultural Political Leaders -- Personal Choices - or Political Resources? Entering the "Doubly Disadvantaged" Debate -- Marriage as a "Personal Choice" or a Racially Gendered Disadvantage? -- Marriage as a Sociopolitical Resource? Findings from the GMCL National Survey -- Age at First Election: Personal Choice, Political Resource, or Gendered Barrier for Women? -- Gender, Race, and Age of Elected Officials of Color -- Does Level of Office Make a Difference? -- Financial Resources: Disadvantages by Race*Gender -- The "Marriage Gap" and Household Income -- Impact of Poor versus Wealthy Jurisdictions -- Family Backgrounds as Resources - or Disadvantages to Overcome? -- Disadvantaged by Lack of Parental Education -- Political Family: An Underexamined Resource -- Personal and Family Resources: Examining the "Double Disadvantage" Theory -- Perceptions versus Measures of Disadvantage for Elected Officials of Color -- Who Are the "Doubly Disadvantaged"? Testing Hypotheses -- Conclusion -- Part II Paths to Political Office -- 4 The Decision to Run and Patterns of Office Holding -- Is the Pipeline Theory Relevant for the Political Representation of Women of Color? -- The Initial Decision to Run for Office: "Women Need to Be Asked" -- Encouraged, but Little Evidence of Party Recruitment -- Encouraged to Run? Women and Men of Color Elected Officials - in Their Own Words -- The Decision to Run: Traditional Perspectives -- Gender, Race, and the Decision to Run -- Motivations Focused on Public Interest, Public Service -- Issue Passion and Community Connection: Equally Important Reasons -- Issue Passion -- Community Connectedness -- Complex Meanings of "Community" -- Representation as a Motivation to Run.
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Variation by Level of Office and Race -- American Indians: Representation as a Reason to Run -- Promoting Change - Making a Difference -- Disentangling Public Interest Reasons to Run for Office: Interconnected Motivations -- Local-Level Officials Drive Differences on Issue and Community as Reasons to Run -- Variation by Race and Gender and Level of Office -- "Self-Focused" Motivations -- Personal Reasons: Occasionally Just Personal, More Likely in Combination with Others -- Strategic Considerations -- "Political Interest" as a Reason to Run -- The Decision to Run: First Elective Office -- First Elective Office, by Gender and Level of Office -- But Are They Newcomers? -- Prior Office Holding: A "Career Ladder" or a Hard Ceiling for Women and Men of Color? -- Women of Color: "Ambitious Amateurs," "Accidental Politicians," or Multiple Paths to Office? -- Prior Office Holding: Members of Congress -- Nonlinear Paths for Black, Latino, and Asian American Members of Congress -- Mervyn Dymally: Illustration of Complex, Nonlinear Trajectory -- Prior Office Holding: State Legislators of Color -- Prior Office Holding: Local-Level Officials -- Conclusion -- 5 The Election Contest -- Preparing to Run: Political Ambition and Community Connection -- Personal Ambition as Motivation for First Election Contest -- Progressive Ambition and Subsequent Runs for Higher-Level Offices -- Beyond Political Ambition -- Community Embeddedness -- Connections: Links between Political and Social Capital -- Party Involvement and Support: A Closer Look -- Civic Engagement -- The Role of Social Movements and Historical Events -- Role of Black Sororities and Fraternities -- Social Movements and Adult Socialization: A Multicultural and Immigrant Perspective -- Role of the Electoral Structure -- Are Single-Member or Multimember Districts Better? -- Impact of Term Limits.
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The Political Campaign: Degree of Competition -- Campaign Status: Incumbency versus Open Seats - Past Findings -- Campaign Status: Incumbency versus Open Seats - GMCL Findings -- Perceived Margin of Victory -- Perceived Disadvantages in the Election Campaign: Fewer Obstacles for Women of Color? -- Perceived Campaign Disadvantages by Level of Office -- Explaining Perceived Campaign Disadvantages: Is It Race or Gender or Both? -- Conclusion -- Part III Leadership, Governance, and Representation -- 6 Leadership and Governance -- Contested Notions of Leadership in American Political Science -- Positional Leadership: Feminist Critiques -- Positional Leadership: Womanist Critiques and Contributions -- Positional Leadership Revisited -- "Doing Leadership": A Transformational View of Women? -- Rejecting Female Essentialism: "Necessity Was the Midwife of Our Politics" -- Revisiting "Gendered Leadership Style" -- Gender and Leadership Style: Perspectives of Elected Officials of Color -- Race*Gender and Congressional Leadership -- Party Control of Congressional Leadership: Chair and Committee Assignments -- Congressional Committee Assignments -- Congressional Party Leadership -- Leadership within Congressional Caucuses -- Positional Leadership at the State-Legislative Level -- Policy Leadership: Do Women of Color Leaders -- (Believe They Can) Make a Difference? -- Evidence of Political Incorporation for Elected Officials of Color: Do They Vote with the Majority? -- Conclusion -- 7 Perspectives on Representation -- Theoretical Considerations: Dimensions of Political Representation -- Representational Roles: Do Elected Officials of Color See Themselves as Trustees or Delegates? -- Gauging Congruence in Political Representation for Communities of Color -- Descriptive Representation: How Representative Are Elected Officials?.
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Do Elected Officials of Color Think They "Look Like" Their Constituents?.
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 0-521-14454-X
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 0-521-19643-4
Sprache:
Englisch
URL:
Volltext
(URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139031165
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