UID:
almafu_9960119580302883
Umfang:
1 online resource (xxviii, 707 pages) :
,
digital, PDF file(s).
ISBN:
1-139-16662-X
Serie:
Cambridge textbooks in linguistics
Inhalt:
Underlying the apparent diversity shown by thousands of mutually incomprehensible languages of the world, there is a remarkable, elegant and principled unity in the way that these languages exploit the phonetic resources of speech. It is these principles that Professor Laver sets out to describe in this major new textbook. Assuming no previous knowledge of the subject, it is designed for readers who wish to pursue the study of phonetics from an initial to an advanced stage, equipping them with the necessary foundations for independent research. The book moves from a discussion of general concepts to a total of eleven chapters on phonetic classification, and it includes discussion of other issues such as the relationship between phonetics and phonology. There are illustrations from over 500 of the world's languages. Principles of Phonetics will be required reading for all serious students of speech and language.
Anmerkung:
Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015).
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Cover -- Half-title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Frontispiece -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- General concepts -- The semiotic framework -- 1.1 Semiotics as the general theory of signs -- 1.2 Semantic, evidential and regulative information in speech -- 1.3 Vocal and non-vocal behaviour -- 1.4 Verbal and non-verbal behaviour -- 1.5 Signs and symbols -- 1.6 Dual-level structure in the linguistic code -- 1.7 Form and substance -- 1.8 Code and medium -- 1.9 Communicative and informative behaviour -- 1.10 Linguistic, paralinguistic and extralinguistic behaviour -- 1.11 The domain of phonetics -- Further reading -- The relationship between phonetics and phonology -- 2.1 The acoustic level -- 2.2 The perceptual level -- 2.3 The organic level -- 2.4 The phonetic level -- 2.5 The phonological level -- 2.6 Language-system and language-behaviour -- Further reading -- Accent, dialect and language -- 3.1 The Standard English dialect, and non-regional and regional accents -- 3.2 Differences of dialect between speakers -- 3.3 Differences of accent between speakers -- 3.4 Differences of style and free variation within the accent of a single speaker -- 3.5 Accent as a marker of the speaker's group-membership and individuality -- 3.6 Dialectology and dialect geography -- 3.7 Language differences between speakers -- 3.8 The genetic relationship between languages -- Further reading -- The analytic framework -- The phonetic analysis of speech -- 4.1 General phonetic theory and general phonological theory -- 4.2 The phonetic analysis of speech -- 4.3 The biological basis for speech -- 4.4 Parametric and linear approaches to segmentation of the stream of speech -- 4.5 Linear units of phonetic organization: feature, segment, syllable, setting, utterance, speaking turn.
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4.6 Elements of speech production: initiation, phonation, articulation, temporal, prosodic and metrical organization -- Further reading -- The architecture of phonetic classification -- 5.1 A frame of reference for the production of speech -- 5.2 The traditional design of the classiflcatory model for segmental description -- 5.3 Classification of segments by initiation, phonation, articulation and co-ordination -- 5.4 Degree of stricture and phases of articulation -- 5.5 Place of articulation -- 5.6 Aspect of articulation -- 5.7 Major aspects of articulation -- 5.8 Contoid, approximant and vocoid segments -- 5.9 Articulatory co-ordination -- 5.10 The duration of segments -- 5.11 The suprasegmental analysis of speech -- Further reading -- Initiation and phonation -- Airstream mechanisms -- 6.1 The pulmonic airstream mechanism -- 6.2 The glottalic airstream mechanism -- 6.3 The velaric airstream mechanism -- 6.4 Combined glottalic and pulmonic airstream mechanisms -- 6.5 Phonological use of non-pulmonic airstreams -- 6.6 Symbols for segments made on various airstream mechanisms -- Further reading -- Phonation -- 7.1 Voicelessness: nil phonation -- 7.2 Voicelessness: breath phonation -- 7.3 Whisper phonation -- 7.4 Voiced phonation -- 7.5 Creak phonation -- 7.6 Falsetto phonation -- 7.7 Compound phonation types -- 7.8 Symbols for phonation types -- Further reading -- Linear segmental analysis -- Stop articulations -- 8.1 Place-neutral stop articulations -- 8.2 Oral versus nasal aspects of stop articulations -- 8.3 Displaced stop articulations -- 8.4 Topographical aspects of stop articulations -- 8.5 Transitional aspects of stop articulation: tapped, flapped and trilled stops -- 8.6 Complex oral/nasal stop articulations -- 8.7 Stop segments and phonation types -- 8.8 Stop articulations and non-pulmonic airstreams -- 8.9 Syllabic stop segments.
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8.10 Symbols for stop articulations -- Further reading -- Fricative articulations -- 9.1 Place-neutral fricative articulations -- 9.2 Displaced fricative articulations -- 9.3 Examples of fricative segments in languages -- 9.4 Conformational aspects of fricative articulations -- 9.5 Topographical aspects of the shape of the tongue in fricative articulations -- 9.6 Auditory characteristics of fricatives -- 9.7 Transitional aspects: flapped, tapped and trilled fricatives -- 9.8 Syllabic fricatives -- 9.9 Fricative articulations and phonation types -- 9.10 Fricative articulations and non-pulmonic airstreams -- 9.11 Symbols for fricative articulations -- Further reading -- Resonant articulations -- 10.1 Syllabic vocoids -- 10.2 Charts of the vocoid space -- 10.3 Phonetic symbols for vocoids -- 10.4 Labial elements of vocoid segments -- 10.5 Intermediate vocoids -- 10.6 Exemplification of vocoid symbols -- 10.7 Transitional aspects of vocoid production: monophthong, diphthong and triphthong -- 10.8 Tongue-root position in vocoid articulations -- 10.9 Nasal vocoid articulations -- 10.10 Voiceless and whispered vocoids -- 10.11 Non-syllabic approximant articulations -- 10.12 Nasal approximants -- 10.13 Lateral resonants -- 10.14 Symbols for resonant articulations -- Further reading -- Multiple articulations -- 11.1 Double stop articulations -- 11.2 Double fricative articulations -- 11.3 Resonant articulations with multiple strictures -- 11.4 Secondary articulations -- 11.5 The phonological patterns of secondary articulations -- 11.6 The ambiguous use of '-ization' labels -- 11.7 Symbols for double articulations and secondary articulations -- Further reading -- Articulatory co-ordination and phonetic settings -- Intersegmental co-ordination -- 12.1 The devoicing process -- 12.2 Aspiration -- 12.3 Pre-aspiration.
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12.4 Co-ordination of the marginal phases of stop segments -- 12.5 Articulatory feature sharing -- Further reading -- Phonetic similarity and multisegmental settings -- 13.1 Phonetic similarity and segments -- 13.2 Phonetic similarity and settings -- 13.3 The phonetic description of settings -- 13.4 Neutral reference settings -- 13.5 Articulatory settings -- 13.6 Phonatory settings -- 13.7 Settings of articulatory range -- 13.8 Settings of overall muscular tension -- 13.9 Summary transcription conventions -- 13.10 Applications of setting-analysis -- Further reading -- Temporal, prosodic and metrical analysis -- The temporal organization of speech: segmental duration -- 14.1 The perception of duration -- 14.2 Intrinsic versus conditioned factors of duration -- 14.3 Intrinsic durations of contoids -- 14.4 Intrinsic durations of vocoids -- 14.5 Phonetic duration and phonological length -- 14.6 Allophonic adaptations of duration -- Further reading -- The prosodic organization of speech: pitch and loudness -- 15.1 The perception of pitch -- 15.2 Inherent and overlaid features -- 15.3 Perturbations of pitch and loudness due to segmental performance -- 15.4 The prosodic analysis of pitch -- 15.5 The analysis of melody in language -- 15.6 The analysis of pitch-patterns in tone systems -- 15.7 The analysis of pitch-patterns in intonation systems -- 15.8 The analysis of loudness -- 15.9 Prosodic settings of pitch and loudness -- Further reading -- The metrical organization of speech: stress, syllable weight, prominence and rhythm -- 16.1 Prominence achieved through syllable stress -- 16.2 Prominence achieved through syllable weight -- 16.3 The typology of lexical stress -- 16.4 Rhythm in speech -- 16.5 The constructive perception of rhythm -- 16.6 The typology of speech rhythm -- 16.7 Utterance-marginal lengthening -- Further reading.
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The temporal organization of speech: continuity and rate -- 17.1 Continuity of speech -- 17.2 Articulation rate and speaking rate -- Further reading -- Principles of transcription -- Types of transcription -- 18.1 Phonological and phonetic transcriptions -- 18.2 Systematic phonemic and allophonic transcriptions -- 18.3 Allophonic and phonetic transcriptions -- 18.4 General phonetic transcription and the IPA -- Further reading -- Conclusion -- Evaluating general phonetic theory -- 19.1 General phonetic theory and the segment -- 19.2 The role of convenient fictions in theory-building -- 19.3 Linear and non-linear characteristics of speech units -- 19.4 Default assumptions and language statistics -- Further reading -- Envoi -- The phonetic alphabet of the International Phonetic Association -- Index of languages -- References -- Index of names -- Subject index.
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English
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 0-521-45655-X
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 0-521-45031-4
Sprache:
Englisch
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139166621
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