UID:
almafu_9959695717802883
Format:
1 online resource (xxiv, 1152 pages) :
,
digital, PDF file(s).
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781316655443
,
131665544X
,
9781316652992
,
1316652998
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9781139031639
,
1139031635
Series Statement:
Cambridge History of Scandinavia ; v.2
Content:
Volume 2 of The Cambridge History of Scandinavia provides a comprehensive and authoritative account of the Scandinavian countries from the close of the Middle Ages through to the formation of the nation states in the mid-nineteenth century. Beginning in 1520, the opening chapters of the volume discuss the reformation of the Nordic states and the enormous impact this had on the social structures, cultural identities and traditions of individual countries. With contributions from 38 leading historians, the book charts the major developments that unfolded within this crucial period of Scandinavian history. Chapters address topics such as material growth and the centralisation of power in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as well as the evolution of trade, foreign policy and client states in the eighteenth century. Volume 2 concludes by discussing the new economic and social orders of the nineteenth century in connection with the emergence of the nation states.
Note:
Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 20 Jul 2016).
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Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Table of contents -- List of plates -- List of figures -- List of maps -- List of tables -- List of contributors -- General Editors' preface -- Volume Editors' preface -- Introduction -- Part I Reformation and Reorganisation 1520-1600 -- 1 The disintegration of the medieval church -- National churches -- Reformed Catholicism -- Mendicants, preaching and popular religion -- Biblicistic current -- 2 Social, political and religious tensions -- The collapse of the Kalmar Union -- Social structures -- The crown, the council and popular discontent -- 3 The Reformation in Denmark, Norway and Iceland -- Denmark -- Norway -- Iceland -- 4 The Reformation in Sweden and Finland -- Sweden -- Finland -- Conclusion -- 5 Intellectual currents -- 6 The crown and the aristocracy in co-operation in Denmark and Sweden (the 'aristocratic regime') -- The dissolving of the Kalmar Union -- The victory of the aristocracy in Denmark -- The hereditary Vasa monarchy: the rise of the ståndriksdag -- The implementation of hereditary monarchy in Sweden -- The victory of the diet in Sweden and its defeat in Denmark -- Administrative and fiscal modernisation -- Administration in Denmark at the beginning of modern times -- Administration in Sweden -- Financial administration in Denmark -- Fiscal administration in Sweden -- Factors influencing development -- Part II Material Expansion and its Limitations -- 7 Growth and stagnation of population and settlement -- Norway -- Denmark -- Iceland -- Sweden -- Finland -- The demographic potential of the Nordic kingdoms -- Towns and countryside -- Ethnic, linguistic and religious relationships -- Factors behind the trends in population and settlement development: hunger, epidemics, war, migration and politics -- Crop failures and epidemics -- Wars and their consequences.
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Geographical mobility -- Policies of taxation and privileges -- Household structures and family relationships -- 8 Economic growth and trade -- Denmark: an agrarian economy -- Norway: an expanding economy -- Great Power politics and industrial development in Sweden-Finland -- 9 Social consequences -- The breakdown of the society of estates -- From squirearchy to aristocratic ranks: the Danish nobility in transformation -- Norway´s new power-elite -- The rise and fall of the Swedish nobility -- Poverty and social welfare -- Part III The Scandinavian Power States -- 10 The internationalisation of the Baltic market -- The Hanseatic dominion -- Challenging the German supremacy -- The Dutch entry -- The English take charge -- The impact of the international market on everyday consumption -- Scandinavian attempts to establish company trade -- Internationalisation by imported burghers -- A gateway to the east: St Petersburg -- Internationalisation by war -- Back to the periphery: the Baltic market in the nineteenth century -- 11 The Dutch and the English in the Baltic, the North Sea and the Arctic -- The North Sea and herring -- The Arctic and whaling -- The Baltic -- 12 The struggle for supremacy in the Baltic between Denmark and Sweden, 1563-1721 -- Heading for conflict, 1563-1629 -- Denmark's struggle to survive, 1630-60 -- The Baltic as a subsystem of the European state system, 1660-1720/21 -- 13 Militarisation of Scandinavia, 1520-1870 -- Challenges and reform, 1520-1614 -- Militarisation, 1615-60 -- Military absolutism, 1660-1720 -- Stable military states, 1720-1805 -- European normalcy, 1805-70 -- 14 Colonial empires -- The Føroyar Islands -- Iceland -- Greenland -- Asia -- The Gold Coast -- Delaware -- The Caribbean -- The Danish West Indies -- St Bartholomew -- Guadeloupe -- Epilogue -- 15 The military imperative.
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16 Fiscal and military developments -- 17 From aristocratic regime to absolutism, 1660-82 -- 18 The consolidation of the Nordic states: the Europeanisation of Scandinavia -- The ideology of absolutism - and opposition? -- The growth of bureaucracy -- 19 Centre and periphery -- 20 Religious and social regimentation -- Part IV Society in the Eighteenth Century -- 21 Demography and family, c. 1650-1815 -- The position in 1650 -- Public interest in population matters -- Focus on the family -- Family and household -- Marriage and celibacy -- Fertility - illegitimate, legitimate and premarital -- Household structure -- Children and servants -- Conclusion -- 22 Economy and social conditions -- Scandinavia, 1700-1800 -- Economic policy -- Agriculture, 1700-1800 -- Denmark and Norway -- The rural community -- The manor -- The tenant farms -- The smallholding -- Regional differences -- Systems of cultivation -- Agricultural crises and government measures -- Udskiftning and udflytning -- Labour service on the manor (hoveri) -- The transition to freehold -- Production -- The new structure -- Norway -- Production -- Sweden and Finland -- Sweden -- Finland -- Forestry in Denmark and Norway -- Forestry in Sweden and Finland -- Mining and metal production -- Norway -- Sweden -- Fisheries -- Norway -- Sweden -- Townspeople and their industries -- Norway -- Sweden and Finland -- Finland -- Overseas colonies and shipping -- Shipping -- The East Indies -- The Danish slave trade and sugar production -- Living standards and the consumer society -- 23 Material and popular culture -- The festivals -- Clothes -- Music -- Food -- Conclusion -- 24 The situation of the commoners, 1650-1750 -- The importance of gender -- The burghers -- Social mobility and commoners of rank -- The officials -- The peasants -- Cultural contrasts -- 25 Religious and intellectual currents.
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The spread of pietism, morals, standards and restrictions -- Less evident in Sweden than in Denmark -- Attempts at providing elementary education -- Attempts at university reforms -- Attempts at reforms in social care -- Rationalism - God is rational and practical -- 26 Cultural Europeanisation, court culture and aristocratic taste, c. 1580-1750 -- From the post-Reformation period to the Thirty Years War (from the 1580s to the 1630s) -- From the Thirty Years War to the Great Northern War (from the 1630s to 1720/21) -- The eighteenth century -- 27 Architecture, literature and the arts -- Reformation period and the seventeenth century -- The eighteenth century -- 28 Music at the Danish and Swedish courts in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries -- 29 Music in Scandinavia in the eighteenth century -- Part V Political Structures and Foreign Policy -- 30 Constitution and politics -- The Age of Liberty -- From the rule of the nobility to political crisis -- The rule of the Hats and its consequences -- The restoration of autocracy -- Revolution à la Suédoise -- Gustav IV Adolf (1792-1809) -- The Bernadotte era -- Central authorities and local communities -- An agrarian society -- Two systems of administration -- Administration and subjects under two political systems -- The bureaucracy -- Who had a say in affairs? -- The restless Norwegians -- The central authorities and the local community in comparison -- The loss of Finland -- Sweden and the Battle of the Nations -- The struggle over Norway -- 31 Denmark in the Napoleonic Wars, 1807-14 -- The outbreak of war in 1807 -- The war -- The dissolution of the state -- Part VI The New Economic Order -- 32 Scandinavia between the Congress of Vienna and the Paris Commune -- 33 The demographic transition during the period 1815-70: mortality decline and population growth -- The mortality decline: the turning point.
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Explanations of the mortality decline -- The standard of living -- The mortality of the very young is the first to go down -- Infant mortality -- Population growth -- 34 Agricultural development in Scandinavia, c. 1800-50 -- The beginning of the agricultural revolution -- The Scandinavian enclosure movement -- The enclosure decrees -- Grounds for enclosure -- Enclosure and the peasantry -- The Danish rural reforms (landboreformerne) -- Intensified arable cultivation and economic differentiation among the rural population -- Ecological crisis and change in agriculture -- New ploughs and deep tillage -- New crops and cultivation methods -- The role of livestock in agriculture -- Forestry as part of the farm economy -- The last flourishing of the manorial economy -- The working process and growing social differentiation among the rural population -- Husmænd and torpare -- The position of the landless population -- Division of labour and commercialisation -- Concluding remarks -- 35 Industrial expansion -- London and the Scandinavian development trap -- Nature, society and industrial progress -- Institutions, infrastructure, ideology and the role of the state -- Entrepreneurs, capital and labour -- Technology and industrial growth -- The Scandinavian pattern of development -- Part VII The New Social Order -- 36 New social categories in town and country -- From feudal estate society to bourgeois class society -- Peasants become farmers -- The farmers' road to emancipation -- The rural proletariat -- An embryonic working class -- The social elites -- 37 Social reactions at different levels -- The growth of a 'public opinion' -- The new society takes shape: state-authorised societies -- The new society takes shape: the first voluntary associations among the lower strata of society -- Scandinavia and the February Revolution.
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38 The beginning of the Great Emigration.
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9780521473002
Additional Edition:
ISBN 0521473004
Language:
English
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