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UID:

Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (verschiedene Seitenzählungen) , Illustrationen, Diagramme

Ausgabe: Version: 20191201

ISBN: 9780750316057 , 9780750316040

Serie: IOP ebooks. [2020 collection]

Inhalt: This book provides an insight into the global practices for environmental management of military live-fire training ranges by combining scientific research with practical solutions to ensure continued training capability. The book is divided into four parts: the first provides background information necessary to understand the scientific principles behind environmental management; the second comprises methodologies for the environmental risk assessment of explosives and munitions; the third collates case studies and innovative management techniques that have been applied to reduce remediation costs; while the final section considers the design of 'greener or insensitive munitions' to reduce environmental impact. The book is an essential reference guide for those with a responsibility for environmental management of military training ranges, and who are required to ensure sustainable long-term training capability.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780750316033

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780750319386

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9780750316033

Sprache: Englisch

DOI: 10.1088/978-0-7503-1605-7

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (357 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9780750316057

Serie: IOP Ebooks Series

Inhalt: This book is a comprehensive summary of military training range management strategies from around the world. Included are global case studies on the environmental impact of live ammunition and their remediation techniques. The text will equip practitioners with the tools to reduce remediation costs, enhance public perception, and promote environmental best practice.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Editor biographies -- Tracey J Temple -- Melissa K Ladyman -- Contributors -- Message from the editors -- Abbreviations -- Outline placeholder -- Introduction to environmental management -- Environmental management for defence -- Environmental management for military training ranges -- A summary of contributions -- References -- Chapter 1 Scientific principles of environmental management -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Contextualising military training environments -- 1.3 Behaviour of explosives in the environment -- 1.3.1 Nitramine explosives -- 1.3.2 Nitroaromatic explosives -- 1.3.3 Propellants -- 1.3.4 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one -- 1.4 Predicting environmental behaviour of explosives -- 1.4.1 Laboratory experiments -- 1.4.2 Computational modelling -- 1.4.3 Transformation and reaction processes -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Characterization of soils on military training ranges -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Background -- 2.3 Steps in the multi-increment sampling process -- 2.3.1 Sample quality criteria -- 2.3.2 Material properties -- 2.3.3 Theory of sampling -- 2.3.4 Data evaluation and inference -- 2.4 Error and error reduction -- 2.4.1 Magnitude of error -- 2.4.2 Controlling for error -- 2.4.3 Other sources of error -- 2.4.4 Minimizing sampling error -- 2.5 Sampling -- 2.5.1 Objectives -- 2.5.2 Sampling -- 2.5.3 Sources of error (see section 2.4) -- 2.5.4 Best practices -- 2.6 Sampling on snow and ice-a special case -- 2.7 Sample processing and analysis -- 2.7.1 How to process multi-increment soil samples to determine energetics -- 2.7.2 Summary of the sources of error -- 2.7.3 Analytical processes -- 2.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Hydrologeological characterization of military training ranges and production of maps for land management -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Well location. , 3.1.2 Preparation of drilling sites and safety procedures -- 3.1.3 Drilling methods and cleaning procedures -- 3.1.4 Well components -- 3.1.5 Well development -- 3.1.6 Water level measurements -- 3.1.7 Well purging and groundwater sampling -- 3.1.8 Analytical methods and quality control -- 3.1.9 Hydraulic conductivity testing (slug tests) -- 3.1.10 Conclusion -- 3.2 Production of maps for land management of range training areas -- 3.2.1 Introduction -- 3.2.2 Aquifer vulnerability -- 3.2.3 Hazard -- 3.2.4 Risk -- 3.2.5 Vulnerability of potential receptors -- 3.2.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Analysis of explosives in the environment -- 4.1 Sample preparation -- 4.2 Detection and chemical analysis of explosives -- 4.2.1 Spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques -- 4.2.2 Chromatographic techniques -- 4.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Environmental management of military ranges with the support of a life-cycle assessment approach -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Life-cycle assessment methodology -- 5.2.1 Barriers for assessing the toxicological impacts on military ranges with the life-cycle assessment methodology -- 5.2.2 USEtox method -- 5.3 Life-cycle assessment of the use of ammunition in military ranges -- 5.3.1 Description of the generic munition and inventory -- 5.3.2 Impact assessment -- 5.4 Discussion of the application of life-cycle assessment methodology to manage military ranges -- References -- Chapter 6 Hazard assessment of exposure to ammunition-related constituents and combustion products -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Approaches to performing experiments, analyses and evaluations -- 6.2.1 In silico prediction of emitted products -- 6.2.2 Laboratory and field testing -- 6.2.3 Military smokes -- 6.2.4 Sampling and analysis -- 6.3 Hazard assessment and evaluation -- 6.3.1 General background/desktop approaches. , 6.3.2 In vitro approaches -- 6.3.3 In vivo approaches -- 6.4 Recommendations and way forward -- 6.4.1 Prediction of emitted products -- 6.4.2 Recommendations for experimental setup and analysis -- 6.4.3 Developments in toxicity assessment -- References -- Chapter 7 Review of remediation technologies for energetics contamination in the US -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Background -- 7.2.1 Analysis of energetic materials in environmental media -- 7.2.2 Toxicology summary for energetic materials -- 7.2.3 Development of risk screening levels (RSLs) for energetic materials in soils and groundwater -- 7.3 Remedial technologies for energetic materials and co-contaminants -- 7.3.1 Development and scale-up of remediation technologies -- 7.3.2 Incineration -- 7.3.3 Composting -- 7.3.4 Ex situ and in situ biological/chemical reduction-DARAMEND process -- 7.3.5 Alkaline hydrolysis (AH) -- 7.3.6 Solidification/stabilization (S/S) -- 7.3.7 Pump and treat w/granular activated carbon (GAC) -- 7.3.8 In situ bioremediation (ISB) -- 7.4 Conclusions and further work -- References -- Chapter 8 Characterization and monitoring of energetic compounds on training ranges: case studies in Alaska, United States -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Studied ranges -- 8.3 Methods -- 8.4 Results and discussion -- 8.4.1 Range activities -- 8.4.2 Potential point sources -- 8.4.3 Fate and transport on ranges -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Heavy metal contamination on small arms shooting ranges -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Methods for contaminated site management -- 9.2.1 Historical investigation -- 9.2.2 Technical investigation -- 9.2.3 Risk assessment -- 9.2.4 Remediation concept -- 9.3 Pollutant management techniques -- 9.3.1 Improve construction properties of artificial backstops -- 9.3.2 Drainage systems -- 9.3.3 Avoid protected areas. , 9.3.4 Adapt military training exercises to the terrain -- 9.3.5 Correct maintenance and appropriate use of shooting ranges -- 9.4 Case study shooting range, Flumserberg, Switzerland -- 9.5 Discussion and conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 Metal and energetics survey of the Borris shooting range, Denmark -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 History of Borris shooting range -- 10.3 Conducting the survey -- 10.3.1 Background -- 10.3.2 Purpose -- 10.3.3 Scope -- 10.4 Compounds -- 10.5 Sampling -- 10.5.1 Artillery firing position -- 10.5.2 Impact area artillery -- 10.5.3 Anti-tank range -- 10.5.4 Burn site surplus artillery propellant -- 10.5.5 Hand grenade range -- 10.5.6 Omme Å stream -- 10.6 Results -- 10.6.1 Artillery firing position -- 10.6.2 Impact area artillery -- 10.6.3 Anti-tank range -- 10.6.4 Burn site surplus artillery propellant -- 10.6.5 Hand grenade range -- 10.6.6 Omme Å stream -- 10.7 Assessment -- 10.7.1 Artillery firing position -- 10.7.2 Impact area artillery -- 10.7.3 Anti-tank range -- 10.7.4 Burn site surplus artillery propellant -- 10.7.5 Hand grenade range -- 10.7.6 Omme Å stream -- 10.8 Conclusion -- Chapter 11 Mitigation of the environmental footprint of a munition -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Development of field demilitarization methods in Canada and the USA for the destruction of the excess artillery gun propellant -- 11.2.1 Introduction -- 11.2.2 Field demilitarization method for excess gun propellants/Canadian fixed tool -- 11.3 Introduction -- 11.3.1 Canadian bullet catcher -- 11.3.2 Summary -- 11.4 The development of reactive membranes for adsorption of heavy metals and energetic materials -- 11.4.1 Introduction -- 11.4.2 Methodology -- 11.4.3 Results -- 11.4.4 Summary -- 11.5 Investigations on the efficiency of remedial methods for energetic materials: dithionite and lime -- 11.5.1 Introduction. , 11.5.2 Testing of remediation technologies -- 11.5.3 Summary -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12 Environmental assessment at a Brazilian Army site -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Case study -- 12.2.1 Methodology -- 12.2.2 Results and reports -- 12.2.3 Polluting materials from ammunition detonation -- 12.2.4 Soil survey -- 12.2.5 Vegetation survey -- 12.2.6 Propagation of shock waves -- 12.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13 Bushfire management (Australia) -- 13.1 Background -- 13.2 Outline of the Defence Estate -- 13.3 Defence bushfire management policy -- 13.4 Case study Marrangaroo/State Mine Fire 2013 -- 13.4.1 Implementations of automatic weather stations -- 13.4.2 Memorandum of understanding agreements -- 13.4.3 Wildfire competency for range control officers -- 13.5 Service delivery model for bushfire management -- 13.6 Bushfire Management Yampi Sound Training Area -- 13.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14 Greener or insensitive munitions: selecting the best option -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Matrix selection criteria -- 14.3 Insensitive munitions -- 14.4 Environmental properties -- 14.4.1 Human toxicity -- 14.4.2 Ecotoxicity -- 14.4.3 Bioavailability -- 14.4.4 Leaching -- 14.4.5 Degradation -- 14.4.6 Recycling -- 14.5 Costs -- 14.6 Technical feasibility -- 14.7 Performance -- 14.8 Final selection -- 14.9 Conclusions -- References.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Temple, Tracey Global Approaches to Environmental Management on Military Training Ranges Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing,c2020 ISBN 9780750319386

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books.

URL: Click to View

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (various pagings) : , illustrations (some color), maps (some color).

ISBN: 9780750316057 , 9780750316040

Serie: IOP ebooks. [2020 collection]

Inhalt: This book provides an insight into the global practices for environmental management of military live-fire training ranges by combining scientific research with practical solutions to ensure continued training capability. The book is divided into four parts: the first provides background information necessary to understand the scientific principles behind environmental management; the second comprises methodologies for the environmental risk assessment of explosives and munitions; the third collates case studies and innovative management techniques that have been applied to reduce remediation costs; while the final section considers the design of 'greener or insensitive munitions' to reduce environmental impact. The book is an essential reference guide for those with a responsibility for environmental management of military training ranges, and who are required to ensure sustainable long-term training capability.

Anmerkung: "Version: 20191201"--Title page verso. , Introduction : a global approach to environmental management on military training ranges -- 1. Scientific principles of environmental management -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Contextualising military training environments -- 1.3. Behaviour of explosives in the environment -- 1.4. Predicting environmental behaviour of explosives -- 1.5. Conclusion , 2. Characterization of soils on military training ranges -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Background -- 2.3. Steps in the multi-increment sampling process -- 2.4. Error and error reduction -- 2.5. Sampling -- 2.6. Sampling on snow and ice--a special case -- 2.7. Sample processing and analysis , 3. Hydrologeological characterization of military training ranges and production of maps for land management -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Production of maps for land management of range training areas , 4. Analysis of explosives in the environment -- 4.1. Sample preparation -- 4.2. Detection and chemical analysis of explosives -- 4.3. Conclusion , 5. Environmental management of military ranges with the support of a life-cycle assessment approach -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Life-cycle assessment methodology -- 5.3. Life-cycle assessment of the use of ammunition in military ranges -- 5.4. Discussion of the application of life-cycle assessment methodology to manage military ranges , 6. Hazard assessment of exposure to ammunition-related constituents and combustion products -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Approaches to performing experiments, analyses and evaluations -- 6.3. Hazard assessment and evaluation -- 6.4. Recommendations and way forward , 7. Review of remediation technologies for energetics contamination in the US -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Background -- 7.3. Remedial technologies for energetic materials and co-contaminants -- 7.4. Conclusions and further work , 8. Characterization and monitoring of energetic compounds on training ranges : case studies in Alaska, United States -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Studied ranges -- 8.3. Methods -- 8.4. Results and discussion -- 8.5. Conclusion , 9. Heavy metal contamination on small arms shooting ranges -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Methods for contaminated site management -- 9.3. Pollutant management techniques -- 9.4. Case study shooting range, Flumserberg, Switzerland -- 9.5. Discussion and conclusion , 10. Metal and energetics survey of the Borris shooting range, Denmark -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. History of Borris shooting range -- 10.3. Conducting the survey -- 10.4. Compounds -- 10.5. Sampling -- 10.6. Results -- 10.7. Assessment -- 10.8. Conclusion , 11. Mitigation of the environmental footprint of a munition -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Development of field demilitarization methods in Canada and the USA for the destruction of the excess artillery gun propellant -- 11.3. Introduction -- 11.4. The development of reactive membranes for absorption of heavy metals and energetic materials -- 11.5. Investigations on the efficiency of remedial methods for energetic materials : dithionite and lime -- 11.6. Conclusions , 12. Environmental assessment at a Brazilian Army site -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Case study -- 12.3. Conclusions , 13. Bushfire management (Australia) -- 13.1. Background -- 13.2. Outline of the Defence Estate -- 13.3. Defence bushfire management policy -- 13.4. Case study Marrangaroo/State Mine Fire 2013 -- 13.5. Service delivery model for bushfire management -- 13.6. Bushfire Management Yampi Sound Training Area -- 13.7. Conclusion , 14. Greener or insensitive munitions : selecting the best option -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Matrix selection criteria -- 14.3. Insensitive munitions -- 14.4. Environmental properties -- 14.5. Costs -- 14.6. Technical feasibility -- 14.7. Performance -- 14.8. Final selection -- 14.9. Conclusions. , Also available in print. , Mode of access: World Wide Web. , System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader, EPUB reader, or Kindle reader.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: ISBN 9780750316033

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780750319386

Sprache: Englisch

DOI: 10.1088/978-0-7503-1605-7

URL: https://iopscience.iop.org/book/978-0-7503-1605-7