UID:
edocfu_9958077348502883
Format:
1 online resource (172 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
1-280-08542-8
,
9786610085422
,
1-4175-6187-4
Series Statement:
Global Economic Prospects
Content:
The proliferation of regional trade agreements is fundamentally altering the world trade landscape. The number of agreements in force surpasses 200 and has risen eight-fold in two decades. Today as much as 40 percent of global trade takes place among countries that have some form of reciprocal regional trade agreement. Global Economic Prospects 2005: Trade, Regionalism, and Development addresses two questions: What are the characteristics of agreements that most promote-or hinder-development for member countries? Does the proliferation of agreements pose risks to the multilateral trading system, and if so, how can these risks be managed? The report argues that agreements leading to open regionalism-that is, deeper integration of trade as a result of low external tariffs, increased services competition, and efforts to reduce cross-border and customs delays costs-are effective as part of a larger trade strategy to promote growth. Such regional agreements can complement a strategy that, on the one hand, includes autonomous liberalization to promote productivity gains and, on the other hand, leverages domestic reforms to enhance market access. Although regional agreements can prove beneficial to member countries, they can have adverse effects on excluded countries. Lowering of border barriers around the world is crucial to minimizing these effects. The completion of the Doha Development Agenda by all countries in the World Trade Organization will reduce the risk of trade diversion associated with regional agreements and will decrease trade losses of countries excluded from agreements.
Note:
Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
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Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Overview -- Abbreviations -- Frequently Cited Regional Trading Agreements and the Parties to Them -- Chapter 1 Global Outlook and the Developing Countries -- The Global Economy: From Recovery to Expansion -- Commodity Markets -- World Trade -- International Finance -- Risks and Policy Ppriorities -- Long-Term Growth, Structural Change, and Poverty -- Structural Changes over Two Decades -- Structural Change in the Future -- Poverty Forecast -- Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Regional Trade and Preferential Trading Agreements: A Global Perspective -- The Proliferation of Regional Preference Systems -- Trends in Trade and Growth by Region -- Changing Export Composition and the Rise of Global Production Networks -- Preferential Trade and Regional Outcomes -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Regional Trade Agreements: Effects on Trade -- The Impact of RTAs on Merchandise Trade and Incomes -- Ingredients of Success -- Conclusions: Preferential Trade Agreements and Economic Development -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Beyond Trade Policy Barriers: Lowering Trade Costs Together -- The Costs of Trade -- Regional Agreements to Facilitate Trade and Transport -- Standards, Conformity Assessments, and RTAs -- Trade-Related Regional Cooperation Agreements -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Beyond Merchandise Trade: Services, Investment, Intellectual Property, and Labor Mobility -- Services, Investment, and IPRs in Regional Agreements -- Economic Consequences of Services, Investment, and IPR Provisions in RTAs -- RTAs and Provisions for Movement of Labor -- Conclusions: Beyond Merchandise Trade -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 6 Making Regionalism Complementary to Multilateralism -- Preferential Agreements within the Global Context.
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Building Blocks versus Stumbling Blocks -- The Competitive Liberalization Game: The Case of Doha -- Multilateral Disciplines on Regional Arrangements -- Making Open Regionalism Work for Development -- Notes -- References -- Figures -- 1.1 A record year for developing countries in 2004 -- 1.2 Strong growth across most regions -- 1.3 Tradable price developments -- 1.4 Terms of trade impacts from higher commodity prices, 2001-04 -- 1.5 The oil-important burden for selected countries -- 1.6 Crude oil prices, 1960-2004 -- 1.7 World trade rebounds -- 1.8 Export performance, percent change in market share since 2000 -- 1.9 Trade balances in major regions -- 1.10 Developing countries' debt and interest payments easing downward since 1999 -- 1.11 Rising U.S. dollar reserves -- 1.12 Impact of a 200 basis point increase in interest rates -- 1.13 First year impacts of a 10 increase in oil prices -- 1.14 A rise in services -- 1.15 Rising openness to trade -- 1.16 Increased urbanization -- 1.17 Growth rate of labor supply declining -- 2.1 Number of RTAs exploded in the 1990s -- 2.2 Spaghetti and rigatoni: Multiple, overlapping RTAs, 2004 -- 2.3 Trade within RTAs -- 2.4 Trade performance has differed across regions -- 2.5 Composition of trade has changed -- 2.6 Evolving trading blocs -- 3.1 Evolution of the share of intra-regional imports in total imports, 1960-2000 -- 3.2 The ratio of external and intra-regional trade to GDP -- 3.3 Intra-regional trade grows faster when world trade growth is positive -- 3.4 Simulated welfare impact of various FTAs involving Chile -- 3.5 RTAs that divert imports tend to export less to global markets -- 3.6 Not all regions are open -- 3.7 Preferential tariffs in tandem with all tariffs in Latin America -- 3.8 Rules of origin in North-South agreements are more restrictive than in South-South agreements.
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4.1 More efficient customs are associated with more trade -- 5.1 Share of EU nationals in total population, for selected EU countries and Norway, 1985-2000 -- 6.1 Global outcomes dominate alternatives -- 6.2 Global reform dominates North-South agreements -- 6.3 Global reform dominates South-South agreements -- Tables -- 1.1 The Global outlook in summary -- 1.2 Current account balances -- 1.3 Long-term prospects: Forecast growth of world GDP per capita -- 1.4 Labor market structure, 2005-15 -- 1.5 Regional breakdown of poverty in developing countries -- 2.1 Most countries belong to more than one RTA -- 2.2 RTAs cover many topics besides merchandise trade -- 3.1 Implementation of tariff commitments by type of agreement, 1960-1999 -- 5.1 Services, investment, and intellectual property: A comparison -- 5.2 Additional services liberalization in U.S. FTAs -- 5.3 Summary of agreements by degree of labor mobility -- 6.1 Comparison of bilateral agreements to global trade reform -- 6.2 Comparison of bilateral agreements with global trade reform -- Boxes -- 1.1 The aggregation paradox -- 2.1 RTAs and types of trade liberalization -- 2.2 Reporting RTAs to the WTO -- 2.3 EPAs become the EU's trade and development instrument: An experiment in "North-South-South" integration -- 2.4 Labor in U.S. FTAs -- 2.5 Trade agreements and the environment -- 2.6 Can RTAs prevent conflict? -- 2.7 Regional versus multilateral and unilateral liberalization: What's more important? -- 3.1 A primer on modeling of RTAs -- 3.2 Regional trade agreements in gravity models: A meta-analysis -- 3.3 Implementation matters -- 3.4 Restrictive rules of origin under NAFTA-the case of clothing -- 3.5 Monitoring implementation of preferential trade agreements: "Single Market Scoreboard" in the European Union -- 4.1 Trading can be costly -- 4.2 Border delays tax trade.
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4.3 Standardization and simplification can increase trade volumes: The case of the Trans-Kalahari Corridor -- 4.4 Logistics costs in Europe have fallen in the last two decades -- 4.5 The case of the Northern Corridor Stakeholders Consultative Forum -- 5.1 Not all investment is good investment -- 5.2 Do more investor protections mean more investment? Lessons from bilateral investment treaties -- 5.3 Illegal migration: A growing global phenomenon -- 5.4 U.S. temporary admission programs under NAFTA and unilateral policies -- 6.1 Impacts of the new GTAP database -- 6.2 Regional trade agreements, structural change, and congruence -- 6.3 Choosing partners: Selection criteria for U.S. RTAs -- 6.4 Sequencing of RTAs: Is there a good practice? -- 6.5 RTAs and WTO disciplines -- 6.6 Tunisia's Association Agreement with the European Union.
,
English
Additional Edition:
ISBN 0-8213-5747-6
Former:
Global economic prospects and the developing countries
Language:
English
DOI:
10.1596/0-8213-5747-6
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