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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (p. cm)

ISBN: 9780821395912 , 9780821395929

Series Statement: Directions in development

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9591-2

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)

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Format: pages cm.

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-283-60924-X , 9786613921697 , 0-8213-9592-0

Series Statement: Directions in development

Content: MENA is one of the richest regions in the world in terms of natural resources: it holds more than 60 percent of the world's proven oil reserves, mostly located in the Gulf region, and nearly half of gas reserves. Oil represents 80-85 percent of merchandise exports in the region, making it highly depending on fluctuations in international prices. A long strand of economic literature has suggested that such dependence may hurt a country's growth prospects and the scope for job creation by reducing economic diversification. This volume investigates the effect of natural resources and the role of

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Contents; Acknowledgments; Contributors; Chapter Abstracts; Abbreviations; Chapter 1 An Overview of Diversification in MENA: Rationale, Stylized Facts, and Policy Issues; The Facts: MENA Economies' Low Level of Diversification; Figures; 1.1 Changes in the Composition of GDP, 1980-83 to 2007-10; 1.2 Services Share in GDP by Level of Income; Boxes; 1.1 How Is MENA Performance Captured and Benchmarked in This Volume?; 1.3 Share of Services in Nonmining GDP; 1.4 Drivers of Export Growth (Excluding Oil Products), 1998-2008; Limited Diversification, Natural Resource Rents, and Growth Volatility , 1.5 Natural Resource Rents in 2010, by RegionWhy Is Greater Diversification Desirable in MENA?; 1.6 Growth Volatility, by Region; The Role of Rents and Real Exchange Rates; The Role of Weak Links in Output Concentration; Fiscal Policy and Output Concentration; Natural Resources and Incentives for Regional Trade Reforms; Notes; References; Chapter 2 Resource Abundance and Growth: Benchmarking MENA with the Rest of the World; Benchmarking MENA's Long-Term Growth and Volatility; 2.1 MENA Long-Run Growth Performance; Tables; 2.1 Per Capita Income Mobility, 1982-2010 , 2.2 Growth and Its Volatility, 1982-2010Correlates of MENA's Growth Performance; 2.3 Real Effective Exchange Rate Volatility by Period; 2.4 Deviations from Estimated Equilibrium Real Exchange; 2.2 Estimated Equilibrium Real Exchange Rates; 2.1 MENA in the Natural Resource Curse Literature; 2.3 Frequency Ratios, Core NTMs, 2001-10; 2.5 Policy Indicators Affecting Trade in MENA; 2.6 Correlates of Bilateral Non-Oil Exports; 2.4 Average Distance of Trade and Trade Costs; 2.5 Average Trade Distance of MENA Countries with Traditional and New Trade Partners , 2.7 Firm-Level Productivity, MENA and Non-MENA2.6 Export Diversification and per Capita Income; 2.7 Kaplan-Meier Survival Rates; 2.8 Correlates of Hazard Rates for 4-Digit Export Flows; Conclusion; Annex 2A Trade, Structural Change, and Natural Resources; 2A.1 Correlates of Trade Shares in GDP; 2A.1 Predicted Trade Shares in GDP; 2A.2 Correlates of the Share of Manufactures and Services in GDP; 2A.3 Correlates of the Share of Manufactures and Services in GDP in MENA; 2A.2 Actual versus Predicted Shares of Manufactures and Manufacture Exports: MENA , Annex 2B Ten Observations on Successful GrowthAnnex 2C Applied Tariff Protection Is Still Relatively High; 2C.1 Predicted Applied MFN Protection; Annex 2D Ad-Valorem Equivalents Estimations; 2D.1 Frequency Distribution of the Number of NTMs; 2D.2 Ad-Valorem Equivalents of NTMs; 2D.1 Ad-Valorem Equivalent of NTMs and per Capita Income; Notes; References; Chapter 3 Rents, Regulatory Restrictions, and Diversification toward Services in Resource-Rich MENA; Services in MENA: Stylized Facts; 3.1 Services Value-Added Growth and GDP Growth in MENA , 3.2 Composition of Exports in MENA and South Asia, 2008 , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-8213-9591-2

Language: English

URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-9591-2

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource

ISBN: 9780821395912

Series Statement: Directions in development;trade

Content: This book is organized as follows: this first chapter examines the pattern of structural transformation in Middle East and North Africa, or MENA and summarizes the role of various factors examined thoroughly in the rest of the volume. This second chapter examines the correlates of this overall disappointing performance. At the macro level, MENA countries have been unable to maintain depreciated (undervalued) real exchange rates for long periods, yet such undervaluation has proved important to offset the market failures and poor institutional environment that severely hit the dynamic non-resource-intensive traded sectors. This third chapter shows that services sectors in resource-rich MENA countries have been declining as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) and of non-mining GDP as per capita incomes increase. This fourth chapter explores the presence of systematic differences between the patterns of diversification in MENA and the rest of the world. This fifth chapter shows that from a historical perspective, fiscal policy has not contributed significantly to diversification in MENA, because it has been more oriented toward food and fuel subsidies (consumption) rather than toward public goods such as infrastructure (investment). Finally, in this sixth chapter, the authors emphasize the different characteristics of the regional partners in terms of their resource endowments and consider wealth distribution effects within the region

Note: Middle East , Middle East and North Africa , North Africa , English , en_US

Language: English

URL: kostenfrei

URL: kostenfrei

UID:

ISBN: 9780821395912 , 9780821395929

Series Statement: Directions in development

Language: English

URL: Volltext